轴流泵变转速性能试验及内部流场数值计算*沙毅宋德玉段福斌喻彩丽曹淼龙（浙江科技学院机械与汽车工程学院，杭州310023）[摘要]：研制比转速550、转速2900 r/min型QY90-4.4-1.5潜水轴流泵试验样机。
通过型式及变转速外特性试验，得出轴流泵Q—H、Q—P和Q—η性能曲线变化规律；验证Q—H、Q—P曲线及各转速最优工况之间换算均不满足相似定律，泵综合特性曲线等效曲线与相似抛物线差别较大；采用CFD方法进行转速对流场影响数值计算，得到不同转速下最优工况叶片表面速度和静压分布，阐明外特性变化规律的内在原因；泵转速提高，叶片表面速度增大，内部流动基本符合圆柱层流面无关性假设；同时叶片所受升力增大，叶片背面所承受的负压强进一步降低，易发汽蚀的可能性增大，可以推测汽蚀是制约轴流泵高速化发展的主要因素之一。
关键词：轴流泵性能试验变转速计算流体动力学汽蚀余量中图分类号：TH314文献标识码：AExperiments and Numerical Simulation on Variable SpeedPerformance and Internal Flow of Axial Flow PumpSha Yi Song Deyu Duan Fubin Yu Caili Cao Miaolong(School of mechanical＆Automotive Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang China) Abstract：The QY90-4.4-1.5submersible axial flow pump with specific speed 550 and rotate velocity 2900 r/min was developed. Through the experiment of type and the external characteristics of the variable rotational speed, performance curves such as Q—H、Q—P and Q—ηwere obtained. The conversion for Q—H、Q—P and the optimal condition among the variable rotational speed does not meet the proportion law of similar theory and the affect between similar parabola of general characteristics and efficiency contour is larger. The internal flow fields on effect of the variable rotational speed were numerically simulated by CFD and both velocity distribution and static pressure distribution of blade surface at the various pump rotational speed are obtained. By analyzing the test data, the relation between the external characteristic and the internal flow was discussed, also the investigation results proved that the speed around the blade surface were improved with the increasing of rotational speed and the internal flow of pump can satisfy the assumptions of cylindrical flows without interference. Meanwhile it was showed that lift on the blade increases, the negative pressure on the blade suction surface further reduces and where the cavitation be prone to take place.Keywords：Axial flow pump, Performance test, variable speed, CFD, NPSH引言泵发展趋势之一是高速化[1]。
