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语法讲解

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语法讲解：反义疑问句的回答及特殊情况附加疑问句由陈述句加简短附加问句构成,用以要求对方证实所述之事.例如：一."前肯后否"型句式He is a student,isn't he?（他是一个学生,不是吗?）Yes,he is.（是的,他是.） / No,he isn't.（不,他不是.）She likes apples,doesn't she?（她喜欢苹果,不是吗?）Yes,she does.（是的,她喜欢.） /No,she doesn't.（不,她不喜欢.）二."前否后肯"型句式He isn't a student,is he?（他不是一个学生,对吗?）Yes,he is.（不,他是.）/ No,he isn't.（对,他不是.）She doesn't like apples,does she?（她不喜欢苹果,对吗?）Yes,she does.（不,她喜欢.） /No,she doesn't.isn't.（对,她不喜欢.）对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。

要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。

这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。

例：—He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。

/ 不是。

—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？—Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不，她参加了。

/ 是的，她没参加。

简要总结反意疑问句19条：1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或usedn't +主语。

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用wouldn't +主语。

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。

What colours, aren't they?What a smell, isn't it?12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

Everything is ready, isn't it?14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

I don't think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can't she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。

Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语。

We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。

Don't do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意：Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

It is impossible, isn't it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?反意疑问句专项练习题11.Everything starts to grow in spring, _______________ ?12.He can hardly finish his homework, _______________ ?13.I’m in Class 3,Grade 2, _______________ ?14.Let’s go shopping , _______________ ?15.She doesn’t like climbing hills , _______________ ?16.I don’t think it is cold today, _______________ ?17. You think he is a good flight attendant, _______________ ?18.Nobody knows where she lives, _______________ ?19.Few students can answer the question, _______________ ?1、Mike likes English, _______________ ?2.That was a wonderful night, _______________ ?3、.Your sister helped him, _______________ ?4、Tom is skating, _______________ ？5、.You aren’t a teacher, _______________ ?6、.They haven’t been to the Great Wall, _______________ ?7、.You will join the soccer team, _______________ ?8、He likes neither apples nor pears, _______________ ?9、.There are some good books for you, _______________ ?10、They have been there twice, _______________ ?11.Let’s do it now, _______________ ?12.You dislike this kind of gifts, _______________ ?13.Nothing is impossible, _______________ ?14.Everything is possible, _______________ ?15.He doesn’t go to school by bus, _______________ ?16.There is little milk left in the bottle, _______________ ?17.Let us clean the classroom by ourselves, _______________ ?18.He has studied here for about four years, _______________ ?19.You have never lost money before, _______________ ?20.Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night, _______________ ?21.Peter could hardly see the words on the blackboard, _______________ ?22.She’s American, _______________ ?23.There will be a volleyball match in our school, _______________ ?24.Don’t smoke in the reading-room, _______________ ?25.I don’t think he is right, _______________ ?26.You must do your homework by yourself, _______________ ?27.You mustn’t touch the machine, _______________ ?28.He must be a worker, _______________ ?29.Someone looked for me yesterday, _______________ ?30.I’m a teacher, _______________ ?31.What a nice watch, _______________ ?32.I wish to use your ruler, _______________ ?33.I have to stay at home, _______________ ?34.You’d better wear warm clothes today, _______________ ?35.What he needs is his parents’love, _______________ ?36.You’d like a cup of tea, _______________ ?37.Don’t be late again, _______________ ?.Their prices are really low, _______________ ?38、Reading is good for you to learn English, _______________ ?39.No one knows about it, _______________ ?40.I think you should study hard, _______________ ?20.doesn’t he21.wasn’t it 22.didn’t she 23.isn’t he 24.are you 25.have they26.wont you 27.does he 28.aren’t there 29.haven’t they 30.shall we31.don’t you 32.is it 33.isn’t it 34.does he 35.is there36.will you 37.hasn’t he 38.have you 39.did they 40.could he41.isn’t she 42.won’t there 43.will you 44.is he 45.mustn’t you46.must you 47.isn’t he 48.didn’t they 49.aren’t I 50.isn’t it51.may I 52.don’t I 53.hadn’t you 54.isn’t it 55.wouldn’t you 56.will you 57.aren’t they 58.is n’t it 59.do they 60.shouldn’t you。

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英语语法详解(完全版汇编)

英语语法详解(完全版汇编)

英语语法详解（完全版汇编）第一讲词类、名词的数与格一、词类：英语中主要有：名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连接词、冠词等。

对于初学者，必须搞清。

1、名词（包括代词和数词）：在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和另一名词的形容词。

2、动词：见第二讲3、形容词：可在句子中作表语阿、名词的定语注意：以下-ly结尾的词不是副词，是形容词： friendly （友好的） lovely（可爱的） deadly（致命的） costly（昂贵的） likely（可能的） lonely（孤独的） alone （单独的） lively（活泼的） ugly（丑陋的） kindly（和蔼的） manly（男子气的）等4、副词：主要用来说明动词、形容词和副词本身。

注意：除了in, up, down, on, inside, outside. 等只有一些表示方向和位置的副词外，副词不能作表语。

例如：Please help me water these flowers when I am out. （我不在时请帮我浇浇花。

）5、介词：又称前置词，即放在名词前面的"小词".注意：1）介词后面一定是个名词（除习惯外），例如不能说：because of ill，而应该为：because of illness；2）介词后面不能跟that从句，即只能跟名词或带-wh开头的从句，这是英语语法的一条重要规则，如不能说：He did not come to the party because of he was ill. 但可以是：She got angry because of what he said. （她因他的话而生气了。

）6、连接词：用来连接两个或两个以上词或句子的词。

注意：英语中一般不能同时使用两个连接词，如不能说：Although he is very rich, but he is not happy. （只要将although 或but去掉一个即可）关于连接词的使用，详见"第三讲：句子的连接"一节。

语法应用讲解

语法应用讲解

语法应用讲解一、主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。

即当主语是单数时，谓语动词使用单数形式；当主语是复数时，谓语动词使用复数形式。

例如：1. He speaks English fluently.（正确）2. He speak English fluently.（错误）二、动词时态动词时态表示动作或状态的时间关系。

常用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。

1. 一般现在时：表示现在经常发生的动作或客观事实。

例如：I eat breakfast every day.He works in a hospital.2. 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：She finished her homework yesterday.They lived in New York for ten years.3. 一般将来时：表示将来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：We will go to the beach tomorrow.She is going to visit her grandparents next week.三、名词的单复数形式变化规则1. 大多数名词在末尾加s构成复数形式。

例如：book - booksdog - dogs2. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词在末尾加es构成复数形式。

例如：bus - busesbox - boxes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，改y为i，再加es构成复数形式。

例如：baby - babiescity - cities四、形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级表示两个或多个事物之间的比较程度。

形容词的最高级表示三个或更多事物之间的比较程度。

1. 一般情况下，一音节形容词和部分双音节形容词在词尾加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。

例如：big - bigger - biggestfast - faster - fastest2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，改y为i，再加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。

语法讲解

语法讲解

4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如： Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如： My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
句子的种类 （一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使
本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句
表示"不该做某事而做了"。 You ought to (should) have been more
careful in this experiment. He ought not to have thrown the old
clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能 接不带to 的不定式。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动 词第三人称单数不加-s。
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式， 分词，等形式。
• He needs to find a job. • He doesn’t need to find a job. • Does he need to find a job? • He need find a job. • He needn’t find a job. • Need he find a job?
2) must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能 发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，" 谅必"的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
英语语法讲解

英语语法讲解

英语语法讲解【名词】1．名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。

不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。

物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。

不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。

要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。

要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。

如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。

2．名词的复数（1）规则变化A．一般情况下加-s。

B．以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。

如：bus---buses，box---boxes，watch---watches，brush---brushesC．以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。

如：city---cities，country---countriesD．以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es。

（2）不规则变化A．元音发生变化。

如：man---men，woman---women，foot---feet，tooth---teeth，mouse---miceB．词尾发生变化。

如：child---childrenC．单、复数同形。

如：fish---fish，Japanese---Japanese，Chinese---Chinese，sheep---sheep3．物质名词（不可数名词）量的表示方法（1）用much，a little，a lot of等表示（2）用容器表示a bowl of rice，a glass of water，a cup of tea，a pieceof，orange，two glasses of milk，two pieces of paper4．名词的所有格(1) 名词所有格的构成法A．单数名词词尾加’ s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’ s。