英语听力入门step-by-step-3000第一册答案与原文

英语听力3000入门答案【篇一：英语听力入门3000unit1】al relationscontents:1. news reports2. anti-piracy mission3. speechesgoals:1. to train students to recognize key words and phrases in listening2. to develop students’ ability to identify significant information in listening3. to train students to summarize the materials through listeningteaching methods:students’ listening; group discussion; teacher’s instructionduration:90 minutesi.a. warming upwords:n. soldier who engages in irregular warfare (usually a member of a loosely organized band of soldiers which utilizes hit-and-run methods to fight the enemy)deplete---- reduce greatly the quantity, size, power or value of (sth) 大量削减（某物）的数量﹑能力或价值; 消耗: our stock of food is greatly depleted. 我们的食物储备已消耗殆尽. * this expense has depleted our funds. 这笔花费已使我们的资金所剩无几. * a lake depleted of fish, ie with many of the fish gone 几乎无鱼的湖.uranium ----- chemical element, a heavy grey radioactive metal used as a source of nuclear energy 铀.disquiet: anxietythe strength of the dollar is causing considerable disquiet on the stock exchange. 美元表现坚挺在证券交易所中引起很大的不安. ammunition: supply of bullets, bombs, etc. fired from weapons 弹药kosovo科索沃---- 塞尔维亚共和国（serbia）东南部的一个自治省，南部与阿尔巴尼亚（albania）和马其顿（macedonia）毗邻。

Step by Step3000Unit 1Part 1A:1.Oxford, commitment, academic record.2.oldest, largest, reputation, research, science.3.first, Australia, 150 years, excels.4.excellence, 17.000, locationrgest, 1883, situated, 26.0006.1636, enrollment, 18.500, schools.7.awards, degrees, 20.0008.located, 135, thirdB:1: 2.700 languages, 7.000 dialects. Pronunciation.2: official language3: One billion, 20 percent4: Four hundred million, first, 600 million, second, foreign. 5: 500.000 words. Eighty percent. other.6: Eighty percent, computers.7: African country, same8: 1.000, Africa9: spaceship, 1977, 55, message, the United Nations.C:1-a, 2-c, 3-d, 4-bPart 2A25 11 166 11/14 165 11; 12/13 166 about 13 16A31: GCSE examinations2: students/ higher education3: student/ second year/ high school/ college4: general exam/ School Certificate5: sitting University Entrance Examination6: bachelor’s degree: 3/4 yearsMaster’s degree: another year or twoDoctorate: a further 3-7 yearsB:B1: Idioms, largest vocabularyFrenchIn Spelling ￡pronunciationB2: FTFPart ⅢA1:ⅠA: AgeD Foreign student populationⅡA: 2: 15 hrs (＋2 or 3 for lab)3: a: ＋100b: Discussion group 15-20c: much smaller4: informal, friendly6: 2-3 hrs: 1 hrA2:ⅡB: 2: Examination4: QuizzesC: regular attendanceⅢGraduate schoolC: SeminarsD: some area of interestE: a research paperB:B2:A good student: make mistakes, every new thing, the language. Working outside the classroom.A bad student: Passive, the teacher. Stick his neck out, more likely to be right than himself.Part ⅣA:1 gate2 the History Department3 the Psychology Department4 he Library5 the Education Department6 the Philosophy Department7 the Geography Department8 the Sports Ground 9 the Foreign Language Department10 the Chinese Department 11 the Physics Department12 the Mathematics Department 13 the Chemistry Department14 the Clinic 15 the Auditorium16 the Administration BuildingB:Robert MartinBiology, next fall, six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school; high school in the hometown.Science( biology in particular), sports.Unit 2Part Ⅰ16.998.00064.186.300840.0001.000.0003.320.000143.24432.4832.966.0005.105.70029.028ˉ1.3125.31536.1984.145B1.243.738.000955.220.000267.901.000199.867.000159.884.000147.105.000138.150.000125.638.000122.013.000118.369.00096.400.00082.071.000C1 .Chinese 1.300 million2. Spanish 332 million3. English 322 million4. 189 million5. 182 million6 170 million7. Russian 170 million8 Japanese 125 million9 Germon 98 million10. 75.5 million11. Korean 75 million12. French. 72 million13. Vietnamese. 67 million14. 66 million15. 64 million16. 63 million17. Turkish 59 million18 58 million19. 44 million20. Polish 44 million21. Arabic 42.5 million22. 41 millionPart ⅡA:1. A baby boy2.social, ecological, populations3.longer, healthierB:1: b 2:c 3:aPart ⅢA: water, 70%, red or brown, plant cover, snow, continents, islands, arms of the ocean, connecting, a channel, valleys, plains.B: in 1950:New York, 12 millionLondon: 2, 10 millionCalcutta: 10,Tokyo: 3In 2000:New York: 6Calcutta: 4, 16millionTokyo: 18 million1.Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4.Bombay5.Delhi6.Shanghai7.SeoulPart ⅣSkills, the main idea, what, recognize, central, important, direction, purpose, inform, compare, answer, stated, a topic sentence, first, details, difficult, persuade, end, implied, hinted at, a whole.Unit 3A: BA912, 11:20 17BA877 11:20 14BA292 11:25 19TW695 11:30 164EA831 11:35 24BA838 9IB290 11:35 15LH039 11:40 9BA666 11:40 18AI 141 6BA560 22B:Drinks: Tea Soft drinks CoffeeFood: Egg and tomato; Ham and tomato; Roast chicken ; CheeseburgersPart Ⅱ9:15 10:3010:30 13:30Advantages: by plane: Quick/beautiful viewBy train: frequent service (hourly)/modern/ comfortable/ lovely view from dining car Disadvantages: by plane: have to get Gatwick Airport/ expensiveBy train: quite crowed/ quite expensivePart ⅢCuster 1 customer 2Sep. 4-Sep. 17 Aug.5- Aug.182 doble and 1 single 1 double and 1 big bedroom with 2 singlebeds and a sofa3 1 full bathroom3( kitchen, dining room, sitting room) 2(kitchen, living-sitting room) √ ×√( six days a we ek) ×￡80 for a Fiesta ￡98 for a Fiesta√ √￡570 ￡270B: b; dUnit 4Part ⅠA1.Argentina: A tie is too personal(1)2. . Roses mean love(2)3, Even numbers(2.4.6,rtc ) are unlucky.(2)4. Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a gift.（2）B1.Japan，Korea2.Brazil, Russia3.Canada, the U.S4.Egypt, MexicoC1. February 14 ，European, North American2. March 2, Japan3. May 5, Japan4, May 5 China5. August 15 China6. April 1，European, North American7. July 14, France8. December 26，Britain, Canada9. May 1, European, Canal, Philipine, Latin American10 November 25, France11. March 17 Ireland12．the 2nd Sunday in May, England, France, India, ChinaPart ⅡA1: 1. changed, few, bored, rainy2.museum directors, what they are seeing.3.provide fun, feel at homeA2: electricity/pass/body17th century instruments/musicput on costumes/ the Stockholm Operabone-by-boneA3:Ⅰnew audiencesA: the youngC: the less educated membersⅡ: A. rebuiltB. 1. modern2. a. lighting, color and soundb. fewer objectsⅢA: guidedB: touch, listen, operate and experiment; scientific principles Ⅳ. educational; departmentA: filmB: danceB:squid; his nameC:C1: a. vendorsb. fortunec. eatinga.street performersb.portrait paintingC2: 1.a. special powers/ attract menb. objects/ for snake bites2. shells/ on a cloth/ the way they land3. round cakes/ bean flour/hot spices/ fried4. a. folk singers/ guitarsb. classical musiciansc. actors5. practice drawing and paintingPart ⅢA. A2. 1. much busi er; Monday …Saturday2. humid and hot4. much colder, ＿30℃5. much flatter; beautiful6. mountainous7. higher; rocky8. more crowed9. smaller10. tallerB.Gestures of approval:1.Thumbs up in France, latin American2.Two thumbs: Kenya3.Tunisia4.Greece5.Lebanon, Iran6.Tonga7.Italy8.Europe Latin America9.Mexico, Costa Rica, Japan10.Bolivia, Honduras, Lebanon11.Barbados12.Bangladesh13.Greece, Iran. ItalyPart ⅣB: 1-g; 2-f; 3-j; 4-I; 5-e; 6-b; 7-h; 8-a; 9-d; 10-c FFTTFUnit 5Part IA]1.Octorber 1969 / first email message2.March 1972 / addresses3.February 1976 / head of state4.fall 1976 / Jimmy Carter / US $45.September 1983 / higher education / accounts6.December 1994 / erase / destroy7.December 1998B:One feature of the information superhigha is that the traffic travles fast, and techies use their own special shorthand to keep mesages zooming along. Today we’l help you decode tach talk by answering soome not so frequently asked questions about abbreviations on the Internet.What does it mean when a message includes the letters AISI or IMHO? AISI stands for “as I see it” and IMHO is shorthand for “in my humble opinion”.Some modest folks will also add FWIW before sharing their opinion, which stand for “for what it’s worth”. Others express their disapproval with the letters CMIIW. That is “correct me if I’m wrong”The lsit of commonly abbreviated phrases on teh Net is neaerly endless. As a matter of fact, AAMOF stands for “as a matter of fact” and “believe it or not” gets posted as BION.Are there any pre-Information-Age abbreviations still making tteh rounds in this high-tech era? You bet. The old stadnbys FYI, MYOB, and SOP which stand for “for your information”, “ mind your own business,” and “standard operating procedure” are still frequently used today even in email.Since time is getting short, ahs the Net given us truly short and clear ways to say good-bye? Try TAFN (That’s all for now) and BCNU (be seein’ you).C:1.Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to thefoundation of the World Wide Web2.In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive version ofemail.3.in 1990 Tim Berners-Lee wrote programs which from the basis of the World WideWeb4.in 1991 his programs were placed on the Internet.5.between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000.6.right now the world is focused on e-commerce.7.The invention for the web brings rapid rewards to people wit imagination and newideas.Part IIA1Connected / system / connection / work together / stations / peopleA2Connection of railroads or other vehiclesConnected system of radio stationsSystem linking a number of computers together.原文：Few things in this world change as fast as languages. Every day, new words are created to deal with new ideas or new technologies. New meanging also are added to exisitng words. A dictionary published years ago may show one or two meanign for a word; a dictionary published today may list several more meaning for the same word. Network is one such word. It combines two words. The first is “net”, it means materials that are connected; the second is “work”. One meaning of “work” is a system. Network means a connection of systems that work together. The systems that networks connect can be very different. For example ,radio and television stations can be connected in the network, so can computers and even people.Word expert Milford Matthew found written uses of the word “network” in the late 1980s. The word then was used as a verb, a word that show action. At that time network meant the connection of railroads or other vehicles used for travel. One publication said it is only a question of time when the railroads will network an area of the American west called the “Pan Handle”. Another publication of the time said complete areas are networked by trolley cars , which are a kind of electric train.Now we often hear network used in connections with broadcasting. The Barnhart Dictionary of New English says that as early as 1914, people used it to mean a connected system of radio stations. This meaning continues to be popular. A more modern use of the word “network” is linked to computers. A network is a system that links a number of computers together. Networks make it possible for people who use computers to share information in costly equipment. Many companies and government agencies share the same computer network. The computers are linked through a main computer or through special lines. Some people are able to do their jobs from their home computers.Computers networks also permit an exchange of unofficial information and discussion between computer users. By linking their computers to telephones, people can buy goods through their computers. They can send messages to friends in many countries.Another modern use of the word “network” concerns relations between people. Ideas and information are exchanged by people who network to share interests and goals. Many Americans network to get better jobs or to meet new friends. Meeting new friends by networking is not work though is fun.BB1b. Getting assignments and research papersc.Attending professors’ “virtual office hours”d.Course lectures.Entertainment b. online gamesCommunications b. toll-free phone callse-commerce orders.原文:The proposed merger of America Online and Time Warner anticipates an age when high-speed Internet access is everything. It will be pipeline for almost all the entertainment, communications and information that people consume.It is an era so distant to most Americans that they can hardly envious it. And yet is already exists. In fact, it is the only world that today’s college students know. Colleges across the United Sates have spent hundreds of millions of dollars in recent years wiring dormitories for high-speed Internet access.When admissions people go out and talk to students these days, the students always asks, “Do you have a high-speed network?” indeed, fro today’s students, having high-speed Internet access is a top priority. They base their housing decisions on it, and restructure their meager student budgets to afford it.College administrators acknowledge that academic pursuits are just a fraction of the activity on their campus networks. The bulk of the traffic consists of data containing music files, instant messages, toll-free phones calls, e-commerce orders, online games and just about anything.Ata a high-rise dorm at the University of Southern California, walking down the hallway on the eighth floor almost any time of dya, you’re likely to hear students in separate rooms shouting at each other --- “You killed me!” as they mow each other down in online games played over the network. Friends from opposite ends of the floor simultaneously make for the elevators. They’ve just messaged each other by computer that it’s time to head off to the dining commons. To them, knocking on someone’s door is an antiquated 20th century tradition.Today’s students regis ter for classes, get their homework assignments, research papers and attend professors’ “virtual office hours” online. Some universities even post course lectures on the Net, so that students can review them any time they wish.Just as one the students p ut it “We live our lives over the Internet.”Part IIIA1.The desktop into our everyday life.2.Experimenting anarchy3.Disappear4.EconmoniesA: we’re gonna take a closer look tonight again at the future of the Internet. Not that we have anything but the va guest idea where it’s going in the long run. One of the truly fascinating and somewhat unsettling aspects of the Internet revolution is howmany technologists and scientists say that the future may hold any number of surprises. So we’re going to inch our w ay into the future.P: At the Internet World Trade Show in New York, they see a future when the web is everywhere.St: Technology is moving from the desktop into our everyday life.P: Imagine work, society, economics, relationships, all transformed, when anyone, anytime can get any message or knowledge or amusement they want, anywhere on the planet without so much as a wire.S2: in many ways, the Internet is the world’s largest experimenting anarchy, because all of a sudden, the citizens of the world are in charge, and no single government or governing body is in charge of what they do.P: Keep in mind that the web, transmitting by satellites, cellphone, cable, goes through no one central location that anyone controls. So many of the boundaries that exist today, political and economic, will be strained as never before. Some scientists say three quarters of the world’s languages will disappear as the net connects isolated places. Already English is what you find on most web pages, blending cultures, no matter how much people try to save them. Economies are changing too. As distance becomes meaningless, white-collar clerical, accounting or administrative jobs are being exported to Asia, just as blue-collar factory jobs were years ago.S3: Imagine, there are 40 or 50 million Indians, not to mention the Chinese, who could deliver office work to the rich countries of the world for two dollars an hour. P: So this massive web of information is both an asset and a threat, changing cultures, economies, and governments, in ways no one can imagine or control.BB1Person to person / real many more real / friends1.Relatives 1. Careers2. 2. Medical cries3.Neighbors4.Colleagues5.By phone 4. Choosing a school or collegeThere’s a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada who has come up witha term to describe the way a lot of us North Americans interact these days. Andnow a big research study confirms it.Barry Wellman’s term is “network individualism”. It’s not the easiest concept to grasp. In fact, the words seems to contradict each other. How can we be individualistic and networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.Here’s what he means. Until the Internet and email came along, our social networks involved flesh-and-blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues atwork. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.But the latest study by the Pew Int4rnet and American Life Project confirms that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange. A lot of folks Pew talked with say that’s a good thing, because of concerns that the Internet was turning us into hermits who shut out other people in favor of a make-believe world on flickering computer screens.To the contrary, the Pew study discovered. The Internet has put us in touch with many more real people than we’d have ever imagined. Helpful people, too. We’re turning to an ever-growing list of cyber friends for advice on career, medical crises, child-rearing, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important or critical role in helping them deal with major life decisions.So we networked individuals are pretty tricky: We’re keeping more to ourselves, while at the same reaching out to more people, all with just the click of a computer mouse.Part IVDaily communication / broadcast programs / in print / listeningFailure / digit / losses / ignoreRead / Intensive training / regularCommas / sensitivity to numbersUnit 6Part IA:1.Paris3.19324.Berlin6. Tokyo7. 19721—d 2---a 3----g 4----b 5----f 6----e 7-----c听力原文Women competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900.In 1924, the first Winter Games were held in Chamois.In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate athletes in Los Angeles. In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time.The 1956 Olympic in Melbourne were the first Olympic Games to be held in the southern hemisphere.Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic opening ceremony.B.BaseballWatch games on television or listen on the radio American footballPlay the sport soccer听力原文：What is the most popular sport in the United States? That might be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words “most popular”.One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watch it played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games on television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play the sport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.C1—d 2--- h 3---a 4---e 5---i6---c 7---g 8--- b 9---j 10---f听力原文：Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes ----- and up ---- and down ---- and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knee as high as you can. Hold your leg with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee ------ up ---- pull towards you -----and down. Move your feet further apart, bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest. Now push your elbows back ------ keep your head up! And relax…. Feet together, and put your hands on your hips. Now bend your knees and stretch your arms out in front of you. Hold that position ---- now up. Stretch your arms out to the sides at shoulders height, palms up. Rotate your arms in small circles --- that’s right ---- and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. OK ---- if we’re all warmed up now, let’s begin!Part IIAa.friendly / warm / affectionateb.drunk / aggressive / scream / shout / push people around / smash glasses /monsters2.He finds it difficult to understand why normal, nice people behave so badly atfootball matches.3.enjoy themselves / no aggressive or violence4.rugby / tennis5.They sit there silently throughout.听力原文：M: I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people, and live near a football ground. Tottenham, and on Saturday I avoid them, because they come back from the match about 6 o’clock, 7 o’clock, drunk, aggressive --- they scream, they shout, and ….. After the World Cup Fi-, after the World Cup when England got knocked out. I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, and I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don’t understand, I really don’t understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters.Section 2JE: but do you think that’s so of a lot of football fans? I mean, I’ve heard other people say they’ve gone to football matches and there’s been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all, and people have been…. Sat there, you know, quite happily, opposing teams next to each other.J: Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news. What happens when British fans go to Europe? There’s always trouble, isn’t there ?M: Well, but it’s, it’s not ….it’s… In Brazil, for example, where I’ve also been to football matches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there’ s no aggression or violence, or … there’s nothing like that. It seems peculiarly, it seems particular to England and a few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to show their most violent, aggressive natures.Section 3A: But perhaps it’s just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.J: But large crowds go to other kinds of matches ---- go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch tennis…M: Go to pop concerts…J: If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.A: Yes, but it’s interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where everybody’s seated…..BI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common people of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have on inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn’t know from concrete exam ples (1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests led to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, its it possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe ---- at any rate for short periods --- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.Part IIIA1.since 19882.in 20013.in 19844.in 19605.by 2004B:1.wheelchair tennis and basketball2. a. teach all kinds of sports to disabled peopleb. for the Paralympics3. the ability to move his legs4. his body and mind again5. a. wireless earphonesb. visual interpreters听力原文：The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympics Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympics Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England.A doctor named Lowing Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years late, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympics Games in Athens has almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.BThe Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city.The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympics Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympics Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England.A doctor named Ludwing Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years late, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympics Games in Athens has almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.Athletes may have physical or mental limitations; they may be blind or in wheelchairs. Yet sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities. Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there more than 100 professional teams playing wheelchair basketball.Special wheelchairs for athletes are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, there is a Power Wheelchair Racing Association.In the State of Utah there is a place called the National Ability Center. It teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and metal disabilities. It even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A report from The Washington Post wanted to know what it could be like for a blind person to use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety-line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and started to feel for places to put his hands and feet. Trainers on the ground urged him on: “Take your time. You can do it.” Finally he reached the top.At the National Ability Center people can learn to ride horses and mountain bikes. They can try winter mountain sports, and learn scuba diving and other water activities. The center also prepares athletes for the Paralympics.For disabled people intered in yoga, there special stretching exercises. Mattew Sanford knows about these. He has been in a wheelchair ever since a car accident when he lost the ability to move his legs. He was thirteen years old at the time. That was almost thirty years ago.Mattew Sanford says he has had two lives: one before he was thirteen and the other after. He had to learn to live with a new reality. For many years, he was told to build up the strength in his arms and forget about his legs.But he says yoga enabled him to reconnect with thirteen-year-cold boy who lived his body. He says the exercises and special breathing of yoga let him connect his body and mind again.Now Matthew Sanford teaches yoga at his studio in the State of Minnesota. He also travels to talk to people about living with a disability. He says feeling connected to our body is a powerful part of living ---- whether we have a disability or not. Today there are more and more choices of entertainment for people with disabilities. Theaters may offer wireless earphones to make the sound louder for people with limited hearing. Some provide a visual interpreter to describe a performance or a play for a person who is blind or has limited sight.。

Unit3 travelling from place to place ABA912 11:20 17 BA877 11:20 14 BA292 11:25 19 TW695 11:30 16 EA831 11:35 4 BA838 11:35 24 IB290 11:40 9 LH039 11:40 15 BA666 9 AI141 18 BA560 622BTea soft drinks coffee egg and tomato ham and tomato roast chicken cheeseburgers Part29:15 10:30 10:30 13:30quick/beautiful view (frequent service(hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from diningcar)have to get Gatwick airport quite crowded/quite expensivepart3sep.4-sep.17 aug.5-aug.182 double and 1 single 1double and 1 big bedroom3 1 full bathroom3(kitchen ,dining room ,sitting-room) 2(kitchen ,living-sitting room)√×√×80for a Fiesta 98 for a Fiesta(价格的符号没找到)√√570 270Bb dunit4 approaching culturepart1a tie is too personal roses mean love even numbers(2,3,6,ect)are unlucky Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a giftB 1 Japan Korea 2Brazil Russia 3 Canada The USA 4Egypt MexicoCDA TA AREAFebruary 14 European North AmericanMarch2 JapanMay 5 JapanMay 5 ChinaAugust15 ChinaApril1 European North AmericanJuly14 FranceDecember26 Britain CanadaMay 1 European Canada Philippine Latin AmericanNovermber25 FranceMarch17 IrelandThe 2nd Sunday England France India ChinaPart 2I 1changed 2few 3bored 4 rainy II 1museum directors 2 what they are seeing III1provide fun 2feel at homeA2Museum activities electricity /pass/ body17th century instruments/music Put on costumes/the Stockholm Opera Bone-by-boneA31 Reaching out to new audiences A the young C the less educated members2 A rebuilt B 1modern 2lighting,color and sound 3fewer objects3 A guided B touch ,listen, operate and experiment / scientific principles4 providing educational services and children`s departments A film B dance Part 2 B squid his nameC1 a vendors b fortune c eating a street performers b portrait painting C21a special powders/attract men1b objects/for snake bites2 shells/on a cloth/the way they land3 round cakes/ban four/hot spices/fried 4a folk singers/guitars4b classical musicians4c actors5 practice drawing and paintingPart3A2much busier Monday and Saturdaymuch colder -30℃much flatter humid and hotmountainoushigher rocky beautifulmore crowded tallersmallerB左1France Latin American 右1Kenya 左2Tunisia 右2Creece左3Lebanon Iran 右3Tonga 左4Italy 右4Europe Latin America左5Mexico,Costa Rica ,Japan 右5Bolivia，Honduras Lebanon左6Barbados 右6Bangladesh最后一幅Greece ，Iran ,ItalyPart41f 2f 3t 4t 5fB 1g 2f 3j 4i 5e 6b 7h 8a 9d 10cUnit5 Net Changes lifePART1 October 1969 first email messageMarch 1972 addressesFebruary1976 head of stateFall 1976 Jimmy Carter US$4September1983 higher education accoutsDecember1994 erase destroy December1998BAs I see it opinionworthif I’m wrongas a matter of fact believe it or not information own business standardfor nowbe seein’ youCTim Berners-Lee In the 1980sIn 1990On to the internet10/100000e-commerce people with imagination and new ideapart 2materials that are connecteda systema connection of systems that work together Radio and TV stations ,computers ,peoplesA2 Connection of railroads or other vehicles Connected system of radio stations System linking a number of computers togetherB getting assignments and research papers attending professor’s ‘virtual office hours’course lectures online gamestoll-free phone call e-commerce orders左边：entertainment communicationspart3 the desktop into our everyday life experimenting anarchy disappear economies BPerson to person, real many more real friendsrelatives careersneighbors medical crisescolleagues choosing a school or collegeby phoneB2 Reaching out to more people Keeping more to ourselvesPart4 1 daily communication 2broadcast programs 3in print 4listening 5 failure 6digit 7losses 8ignore 9read 10 intensive training 11 regular 12 commas 13 sensitivity to numbersUNIT6Part1A 1932 Paris 1972 Berlin Tokyo1-d 2-a 3-g 4-b 5-f 6-e 7-cB watch games on television or listen on the radio baseballplay the sport American footballsoccerC 1d 2h 3a 4e 5i 6c 7g 8b 9j 10fPART2A 1friendly/warm/affectionatedrunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push people around/smash glasses/monsters2He finds it difficult to understand why normal ,nice people behave so badly at football matches.3enjoy themselves/no aggression or violence4rugby/tennis 5They sit there silently throughoutB 1goodwill between the nations 2 football or cricket 3on the battlefields 4 international sporting contests 5competitive 6little meaning 7 pick up sides 8 the fun and exercise 9some larger unit 10 aroused 10 a school football match 11the attitude of the spectators 12the nations 13 tests of national virtuePart31scince 19882 in 20013 in 19484 in 19605 by 20041c 2a 3d 4b 5e B1wheelchair tennis and basketball2teach all kinds of sports to disabled people try a sport as if they were disabledfor the Paralympics3the ability to move his legs4 his body and mind again5 wireless earphonesvisual interpretersUNIT7PART1 Aclear 90-75 rain 93-73 cloudy 86-70 cloudy 79-59BConversation1 3 Conversation2 8 Conversation3 right right Conversation4 four fourthC 1speed limit 30 miles an hour 2 end of speed limit 3 cross-roads 4 bend 5 road junction 6 hill 7 road narrows 8 level crossing 9 school 10 parkingPART2 1last month 2 oil 3the environment 4 cars ,buses ,motorized bicycles 5 another kind of fuel 6 hybrids and vehicles that use other kinds of fuels than oilB 1 electricity 2 natural gas or propane 3 walking ,biking ,using public transportation systems 4changes in the world climate 5air pollution 6 health problemsPART3A 1 this week 2 road users 3 the number of road accidents 4 take basic measures 5 seat belts 6 focus more on road safety 7 safer roads 8 traffic-free play areasBAsia children playing in the streetyoung and inexperienced car driversa badly designedb badly maintainedc road users the rules conclusion predictedPART4A 1 increasing gridlock urgent measures to promote mass transit systems2 Bangkok +100 10 transportation and air qualityB1 B pollution C traffic snarls D economic costs2 better public transportation systems driving3 more efficient too expensive fastest to implement low return to investors/governments low-costUNIT8Part1A 1.$25,000,000,000 2.$161,000,000 3.$37,000,000,000 28,000,000,000dollar $24,000,000,000 4.30,000,000 5.$1,000,000,000 6.5.5% 7.5% 7.550 7%8.0.25% 4.75% 4.5%B 1 increasing their protests against rising fuel prices 2 a meeting of African nations3 the Czech Republic by early 2003 a conference of EU members4 Central Bank governors Britain ,Canada,France,Germany,Japan and the United States5 reduce the amount of oil harming their economies6 cutting taxes on oil products7 increase trade bring peace and security to the area in Manila 8 support policies that keep inflation low 9 open Japanese ports to foreign companies10 his country’s economy a leading manufacturing and financial centerC1 93,000,0002 97,000,000 133,000,0003 1.5% 16%4 100,000,0005 210,000,000,000 5.1%6 17,500,0007 1.3%8 9.5% 0.1% 10,500,0009 27,000,000,00010 0.6%PART2A 1 large forces national or international 2 unemployment and inflation job creation 3 too high demands in the present growth and investment in the futureB 1 letting inflation increase Higher inflation 2 very high savings ratePart3A 1 noisy place/bell/lighted messages/computers/talk on the telephone/shout/run around2experts/salespeople/buy &sell shares of companies 3 shares4 a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5 prices/go down6prices/go up 7 a company that does not earn enough profit8 a sharp increase in the value of a stock /something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB 1 in 1837 1n a newspaper in Illinois2 old story /sold the skin of a bear /before caught it3 a long connection/bulls and bears/in sports/popular years ago/England4 fish/turn over on their backs /die 5England/centuries ago /poor people/banned/cutting trees/the wind blew down the tree /take for fuelPart4 1communicative activity 2 extended 3 continuously 4 specific readiness 5 constantly setting up 6 constantly testing 7 what he has heard in reality 8 out of his expectation 9get the message 10famiiliarity 11 knowledge 12 the setting 13 already 14 take in 15 pre-listening preparation 16 give some thought 17 related materials 18vocabulary work 19 fully orientated 20 active thinking 21 ahead of 22logical and intelligent 23 know generally 24 exactly 25 next utteranceUnit9Part11 The European Union2 Food and Agricultural Organization3 International Monetary Fund4 The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development5 The World Health Organization6 the World trade OrganizationB1 the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation2 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations3 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization4 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration5 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries6 the United Nations Educational ,Scientific and Cultural7 the United Nations international Children’s EmergencyC1 have ended an emergency summit2 the fourth stop on his 9-day visit3 have elected their country’s first woman president4 have met for the first time in two months5 Portugal and Indonesia diplomatic relations6 has been named the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize7 have held demonstrations against growing unemployment 8 two French newsmen9 two hundred more families separated by the Korean WarPart2A 1-c 2-a 3-bB Taking ownership of Panama CanalA noon Friday 90yearsB are planning celebrationsPart3The nature of UN peacekeeping missions High readiness BrigadeAustria ,Canada ,Denmark ,the Netherlands ,PolandTo provide credible and effective peacekeeping troopsSome critics of UN peacekeeping missions have said the troops often take too long to arrive and are often of insufficient number to do the jobUNIT10PART1A2Chinese New Year3Russia4Britain5New Zealand6In Australia7Asia In Hong Kong 8Singapore’s 9In Vietnam10 Thailand11 In Japan 12Egypt13EuropeB 1Vienna 2Ankara 3Madrid 4Bangkok 5Colombo 6Warsaw 7London 8Rangoon 9Mexico City 10Brussels 11Berlin 12Moscow 13Rome 14 Kampala 15WashingtonC 1h 2e 3a 4d 5b 6g 7c 8j 9f 10iPART2A1 1F 2T 3F 4TA21February 18th2for 9,000years/since 9,000 years ago 3heart valves 4one 5pig racing A3 1b 2a 3c 4a 5cA4 1domesticated 2glue 3skin 4 drugs 5nominated 6charity 7fly 8out 9bacon 10thoughtful B1f 2t 3t 4fB21More than 200,000 people congregated to watch a huge parade of lions ,dragons ,drums, and ribbon and fan dancers2 Chinese immigrants first came to London in the mid-19th Century ,consisting mainly of seamen involved in the tea trade via Canton.3 a more recent wave of immigration took place in the 1960s when many workers came from Hong Kong to find work in the flourishing restaurant business.4Today more than 60,000 people of Chinese descent live in London.5 This year’s celebrations include more than 100 events from lion-dancing to elephant chess. Part3A 1time-keeper 2time-signal 3 12:55p.m 1:00p.m 4 150 5 1844 6 the 19th century 7around the world 8 New Zealand GreenwichB 1 time ball dropping/19th century naval tradition 2 20sites/6 continents 3 visual time signals/give the time 4 British Navy/1829 5 normally at noon/this year midnight6 wood &leather7 year 2001Part41 Hogmanay is another word for New Year in Scotland and for some people ,it’s a bigger celebration than Christmas. 2T 3T 4F 4 Auld lang syne is a traditional folk song .5F In January ,almost every shop is full of special offers and bargains.B 1by 2 make 3 get out of 4 give up 5 some weightC Hogmanay parties alcohol celebration pubResolution health shopping bargain salesUNIT11PART1A1 telexes fax and electronic mail2 robots production workers3 new skills every ten years4 clerical workers5 unemployment6 food from home7 transport from home8 advertising the home9 business travel live video meeting the clientB1 spaceship Mars2 a robot court3 have gone up under the sea4 nuclear war nuclear arms5 brain waves a conversation6 planet tower blocks7 computersC1Mercury 2 Venus 3 the Earth 4Mars 5Jupiter 6 Saturn 7Uranus 8Neptune 9PlutoC2a.<8,000milesb.93,000,000milesc.365.25 daysd.<35,00,000 milese.≈24,000,000 milesf.<o.25million milesPART2 A1 product2 100 3in the future 4closed 5 copper 6leafproof 7 placed 8 a low humidity 9 the eye and hand 10discs 11 playable 12 placed 13 a low humidity 14 the eye and hand 15discs 16playableB 3000 life in the world todayan architect from Spainone and one half of space 8separate partsa flower mysteryAprilThe Natural History MuseumC6 magazines sounds of life in New York City/9:09/9/9/1999What people in New York were doing /9:09/9/9/1999a container of fresh water beanie baby/popular with collectorsa medala ceremonial chaira dollcigarettesPART3A ⅰ1action 2present 3resposibility 4 recognize 5 create 6 imposed 7 fate 8forcesⅱ1diagnosis and treatment 2textbooks 3interactive questions 4 alternative results 5affectⅲ1brainwaves 2check out 3busy,tired 4brain activity 5scalp 6 performing well 7 too tired 8 computer analysis 9 monitorB 1forecast and assessment 2tourism 3 1.56billion 4 1.18billion 5 0.38billion 6 717million 8 25% 9 282 million 10 18% 11 4.1% 12>5%温馨提示-专业文档供参考，请仔细阅读后下载，最好找专业人士审核后使用！。

1 Education is a keyPart 1 warming upA1 ①oxford ②commitment ③academic record2 ①oldest ②largest ③reputation ④research ⑤science3 ①first ②Australia ③150 years ④excels4 ①excellence ②17,000 ③location5 ①largest ②1883 ③situated ④26,0006 ①1636 ②enrollment ③18,500 ④schools7 ①awards ②degrees ③20,0008 ①located ②135 ③thirdB 1 ①2,700 languages ②7,000 dialects ③regional ④pronunciation2 ①official language3 ①one billion ②20 percent4 ①four hundred million ②first ③600 million ④second ⑤foreign5 ①500,000words ②eighty percent ③other6 ①eighty percent ②computers7 ①African country ②same8 ①1,000 ②Africa9 ①spaceship ②1977 ③55 ④message ⑤the United NationC 1-a 2-c 3-d 4-bPart 2A2511 16 611 1614 5 11 1612/136 about13 16A3 1 GCSE examinations2 students/ higher education3 student/second year/high school/college4 general exam/School Certificate5 sitting University Entrance Examination6 bachelor’s degree:3/4yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3~7 yearsB1 Idioms in informal English Largest vocabulary French spelling &pronunciation B2 f t fPart 31A Age D Foreign student population 2 A 15hrs（+2 or 3for lab）+100Discussion group:15~20Much smallerInformal friendly2~3hrs:1hr University life 2 Examinations Quizzesregular attendance Seminarssome area of interest a research paperB2make mistakes passive every new thing the teacherthe language stick his neck out working outside the classroom more likely to be right than himself part4A 2 the History Department 3 the Psychology Department4 the Library5 the Education Department6 the Philosophy Department7 the Geography Department8 the Sports Ground 9 the Foreign Languages Department10 the Chinese Department 11 the Physic Department12the Mathematic Department 13 the Chemistry Department14 the Clinic 15the Auditorium16 the Administration BuildingB Robert Martin Biology Next fallSix years in a public school in the hometown ;two years in a military school ;high school in the hometown Science(biology in particular),sportsUnit2 colorful lands, colorful peoplePart116,998,000 64,186,000 840,0001,000,000 3，320，000 143，244 32，483 2，966，000 5，105，700 29，028-1，3125，315 36，1984，145B1,243,738000 955,220,000 267,901,000 199,867,000 159,884,000 147,105,000 138,150,000 125,638,000 122,013,000 118,369,000 96,400,000 82,071,000CChinese 1300million Spanish 332 English 322 Russian 189 Japanese 182 German 170 Korean 170 Vietnamese 125 Turkish 98 Polish 75.5Arabic 75 72 67 66 64 63 59 58 44 44 42.5 42.5 41Part2A 1 a bad boy 2 ①social ②ecologic ③populations 3 ①longer ②healthierB 1-b 2-c 3-aPart3A1water 2 70% 3 red or brown 4 plant cover 5 snow 6 continents 7 islands 8 arms of the ocean 9 connecting 10 a channel 11valleys 12 plainsB 2 12 million10 103 16 6 18 4B2 1.Mexico City 2.Sao Paulo 3Rio de Janeiro 4Bombay 5 Delhi 6Shanghai 7Seoul Part4 1skills 2 the main idea 3what 4recongnize 5central 6important 7direction 8purpose9inform 10 compare 11answer 12stated 13 a topic sentence 13 first 14 details 15 difficult 16 persuade 17end 18impiled 19hinted 20 a wholeUnit3 travelling from place to placeABA912 11:20 17 BA877 11:20 14 BA292 11:25 19 TW695 11:30 16 EA831 11:35 4 BA838 11:35 24 IB290 11:40 9 LH039 11:40 15 BA666 9 AI141 18 BA560 622BTea soft drinks coffee egg and tomato ham and tomato roast chicken cheeseburgers Part29:15 10:30 10:30 13:30quick/beautiful view (frequent service(hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car) have to get Gatwick airport quite crowded/quite expensivepart3sep.4-sep.17 aug.5-aug.182 double and 1 single 1double and 1 big bedroom3 1 full bathroom3(kitchen ,dining room ,sitting-room) 2(kitchen ,living-sitting room)√×√×80for a Fiesta 98 for a Fiesta(价格的符号没找到)√√570 270Bb dunit4 approaching culturepart1a tie is too personal roses mean love even numbers(2,3,6,ect)are unlucky Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a giftB 1 Japan Korea 2Brazil Russia 3 Canada The USA 4Egypt MexicoCDA TA AREAFebruary 14 European North AmericanMarch2 JapanMay 5 JapanMay 5 ChinaAugust15 ChinaApril1 European North AmericanJuly14 FranceDecember26 Britain CanadaMay 1 European Canada Philippine Latin AmericanNovermber25 FranceMarch17 IrelandThe 2nd Sunday England France India ChinaPart 2I 1changed 2few 3bored 4 rainy II 1museum directors 2 what they are seeing III1provide fun 2feel at homeA2Museum activities electricity /pass/ body17th century instruments/music Put on costumes/the Stockholm Opera Bone-by-boneA31 Reaching out to new audiences A the young C the less educated members2 A rebuilt B 1modern 2lighting,color and sound 3fewer objects3 A guided B touch ,listen, operate and experiment / scientific principles4 providing educational services and children`s departments A film B dance Part 2 B squid his nameC1 a vendors b fortune c eating a street performers b portrait painting C21a special powders/attract men1b objects/for snake bites2 shells/on a cloth/the way they land3 round cakes/ban four/hot spices/fried 4a folk singers/guitars4b classical musicians4c actors5 practice drawing and paintingPart3A2much busier Monday and Saturdaymuch colder -30℃much flatter humid and hotmountainoushigher rocky beautifulmore crowded tallersmallerB左1France Latin American 右1Kenya 左2Tunisia 右2Creece左3Lebanon Iran 右3Tonga 左4Italy 右4Europe Latin America左5Mexico,Costa Rica ,Japan 右5Bolivia，Honduras Lebanon左6Barbados 右6Bangladesh最后一幅Greece ，Iran ,ItalyPart41f 2f 3t 4t 5fB 1g 2f 3j 4i 5e 6b 7h 8a 9d 10cUnit5 Net Changes lifePART1 October 1969 first email messageMarch 1972 addressesFebruary1976 head of stateFall 1976 Jimmy Carter US$4September1983 higher education accouts December1994 erase destroyDecember1998BAs I see it opinionworthif I’m wrongas a matter of fact believe it or not information own business standardfor nowbe seein’ youCTim Berners-Lee In the 1980sIn 1990On to the internet10/100000e-commerce people with imagination and new ideapart 2materials that are connecteda systema connection of systems that work together Radio and TV stations ,computers ,peoplesA2 Connection of railroads or other vehicles Connected system of radio stations System linking a number of computers togetherB getting assignments and research papers attending professor’s ‘virtual office hours’course lectures online gamestoll-free phone call e-commerce orders左边：entertainment communicationspart3 the desktop into our everyday life experimenting anarchy disappear economies BPerson to person, real many more real friendsrelatives careersneighbors medical crisescolleagues choosing a school or collegeby phoneB2 Reaching out to more people Keeping more to ourselvesPart4 1 daily communication 2broadcast programs 3in print 4listening 5 failure 6digit 7losses 8ignore 9read 10 intensive training 11 regular 12 commas 13 sensitivity to numbersUNIT6Part1A 1932 Paris 1972 Berlin Tokyo1-d 2-a 3-g 4-b 5-f 6-e 7-cB watch games on television or listen on the radio baseballplay the sport American footballsoccerC 1d 2h 3a 4e 5i 6c 7g 8b 9j 10fPART2A 1friendly/warm/affectionatedrunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push people around/smash glasses/monsters2He finds it difficult to understand why normal ,nice people behave so badly at football matches. 3enjoy themselves/no aggression or violence4rugby/tennis 5They sit there silently throughoutB 1goodwill between the nations 2 football or cricket 3on the battlefields 4 international sporting contests 5competitive 6little meaning 7 pick up sides 8 the fun and exercise 9some larger unit 10 aroused 10 a school football match 11the attitude of the spectators 12the nations 13 tests of national virtuePart31scince 19882 in 20013 in 19484 in 19605 by 20041c 2a 3d 4b 5e B1wheelchair tennis and basketball2teach all kinds of sports to disabled people try a sport as if they were disabledfor the Paralympics3the ability to move his legs4 his body and mind again5 wireless earphonesvisual interpretersUNIT7PART1 Aclear 90-75 rain 93-73 cloudy 86-70 cloudy 79-59BConversation1 3 Conversation2 8 Conversation3 right right Conversation4 four fourthC 1speed limit 30 miles an hour 2 end of speed limit 3 cross-roads 4 bend 5 road junction 6 hill 7 road narrows 8 level crossing 9 school 10 parkingPART2 1last month 2 oil 3the environment 4 cars ,buses ,motorized bicycles 5 another kind of fuel 6 hybrids and vehicles that use other kinds of fuels than oilB 1 electricity 2 natural gas or propane 3 walking ,biking ,using public transportation systems 4changes in the world climate 5air pollution 6 health problemsPART3A 1 this week 2 road users 3 the number of road accidents 4 take basic measures 5 seat belts 6 focus more on road safety 7 safer roads 8 traffic-free play areasBAsia children playing in the streetyoung and inexperienced car driversa badly designedb badly maintainedc road users the rules conclusion predictedPART4A 1 increasing gridlock urgent measures to promote mass transit systems2 Bangkok +100 10 transportation and air qualityB1 B pollution C traffic snarls D economic costs2 better public transportation systemsdriving 3 more efficient too expensive fastest to implement low return to investors /governments low-costUNIT8Part1A 1.$25,000,000,000 2.$161,000,000 3.$37,000,000,000 28,000,000,000dollar $24,000,000,000 4.30,000,000 5.$1,000,000,000 6.5.5% 7.5% 7.550 7%8.0.25% 4.75% 4.5%B 1 increasing their protests against rising fuel prices 2 a meeting of African nations3 the Czech Republic by early 2003 a conference of EU members4 Central Bank governors Britain ,Canada,France,Germany,Japan and the United States5 reduce the amount of oil harming their economies6 cutting taxes on oil products7 increase trade bring peace and security to the area in Manila 8 support policies that keep inflation low 9 open Japanese ports to foreign companies10 his country’s economy a leading manufacturing and financial centerC1 93,000,0002 97,000,000 133,000,0003 1.5% 16%4 100,000,0005 210,000,000,000 5.1%6 17,500,0007 1.3%8 9.5% 0.1% 10,500,0009 27,000,000,00010 0.6%PART2A 1 large forces national or international 2 unemployment and inflation job creation 3 too high demands in the present growth and investment in the futureB 1 letting inflation increase Higher inflation 2 very high savings ratePart3A 1 noisy place/bell/lighted messages/computers/talk on the telephone/shout/run around2experts/salespeople/buy &sell shares of companies 3 shares4 a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5 prices/go down6prices/go up 7 a company that does not earn enough profit8 a sharp increase in the value of a stock /something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB 1 in 1837 1n a newspaper in Illinois2 old story /sold the skin of a bear /before caught it3 a long connection/bulls and bears/in sports/popular years ago/England4 fish/turn over on their backs /die 5England/centuries ago /poor people/banned/cutting trees/the wind blew down the tree /take for fuelPart4 1communicative activity 2 extended 3 continuously 4 specific readiness 5 constantly setting up 6 constantly testing 7 what he has heard in reality 8 out of his expectation 9get the message 10famiiliarity 11 knowledge 12 the setting 13 already 14 take in 15 pre-listening preparation 16 give some thought 17 related materials 18vocabulary work 19 fully orientated 20 active thinking 21 ahead of 22logical and intelligent 23 know generally 24 exactly 25 next utteranceUnit9Part11 The European Union2 Food and Agricultural Organization3 International Monetary Fund4 The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development5 The World Health Organization6 the World trade OrganizationB1 the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation2 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations3 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization4 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration5 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries6 the United Nations Educational ,Scientific and Cultural7 the United Nations international Children’s EmergencyC1 have ended an emergency summit2 the fourth stop on his 9-day visit3 have elected their country’s first woman president4 have met for the first time in two months5 Portugal and Indonesia diplomatic relations6 has been named the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize7 have held demonstrations against growing unemployment 8 two French newsmen9 two hundred more families separated by the Korean WarPart2A 1-c 2-a 3-bB Taking ownership of Panama CanalA noon Friday 90yearsB are planning celebrationsPart3The nature of UN peacekeeping missions High readiness BrigadeAustria ,Canada ,Denmark ,the Netherlands ,PolandTo provide credible and effective peacekeeping troopsSome critics of UN peacekeeping missions have said the troops often take too long to arrive and are often of insufficient number to do the jobUNIT10PART1A2Chinese New Year3Russia4Britain5New Zealand6In Australia7Asia In Hong Kong 8Singapore’s 9In Vietnam10 Thailand11 In Japan 12Egypt13EuropeB 1Vienna 2Ankara 3Madrid 4Bangkok 5Colombo 6Warsaw 7London 8Rangoon 9Mexico City 10Brussels 11Berlin 12Moscow 13Rome 14 Kampala 15WashingtonC 1h 2e 3a 4d 5b 6g 7c 8j 9f 10iPART2A1 1F 2T 3F 4TA21February 18th2for 9,000years/since 9,000 years ago 3heart valves 4one 5pig racing A3 1b 2a 3c 4a 5cA4 1domesticated 2glue 3skin 4 drugs 5nominated 6charity 7fly 8out 9bacon 10thoughtful B1f 2t 3t 4fB21More than 200,000 people congregated to watch a huge parade of lions ,dragons ,drums, and ribbon and fan dancers2 Chinese immigrants first came to London in the mid-19th Century ,consisting mainly of seamen involved in the tea trade via Canton.3 a more recent wave of immigration took place in the 1960s when many workers came from Hong Kong to find work in the flourishing restaurant business.4Today more than 60,000 people of Chinese descent live in London.5 This year’s celebrations include more than 100 events from lion-dancing to elephant chess.Part3A 1time-keeper 2time-signal 3 12:55p.m 1:00p.m 4 150 5 1844 6 the 19th century 7around the world 8 New Zealand GreenwichB 1 time ball dropping/19th century naval tradition 2 20sites/6 continents 3 visual time signals/give the time 4 British Navy/1829 5 normally at noon/this year midnight6 wood &leather7 year 2001Part41 Hogmanay is another word for New Year in Scotland and for some people ,it’s a bigger celebration than Christmas. 2T 3T 4F 4 Auld lang syne is a traditional folk song .5F In January ,almost every shop is full of special offers and bargains.B 1by 2 make 3 get out of 4 give up 5 some weightC Hogmanay parties alcohol celebration pubResolution health shopping bargain salesUNIT11PART1 A1 telexes fax and electronic mail2 robots production workers3 new skills every ten years4 clerical workers5 unemployment6 food from home7 transport from home8 advertising the home9 business travel live video meeting the clientB1 spaceship Mars2 a robot court3 have gone up under the sea4 nuclear war nuclear arms5 brain waves a conversation6 planet tower blocks7 computersC1Mercury 2 Venus 3 the Earth 4Mars 5Jupiter 6 Saturn 7Uranus 8Neptune 9Pluto C2a.<8,000milesb.93,000,000milesc.365.25 daysd.<35,00,000 milese.≈24,000,000 milesf.<o.25million milesPART2A1 product2 100 3in the future 4closed 5 copper 6leafproof 7 placed 8 a low humidity 9 the eye and hand 10discs 11 playable 12 placed 13 a low humidity 14 the eye and hand 15discs 16playableB 3000 life in the world todayan architect from Spainone and one half of space 8separate partsa flower mysteryAprilThe Natural History MuseumC6 magazines sounds of life in New York City/9:09/9/9/1999What people in New York were doing /9:09/9/9/1999a container of fresh water beanie baby/popular with collectorsa medala ceremonial chaira dollcigarettesPART3A ⅰ1action 2present 3resposibility 4 recognize 5 create 6 imposed 7 fate 8forcesⅱ1diagnosis and treatment 2textbooks 3interactive questions 4 alternative results 5affectⅲ1brainwaves 2check out 3busy,tired 4brain activity 5scalp 6 performing well 7 too tired 8 computer analysis 9 monitorB 1forecast and assessment 2tourism 3 1.56billion 4 1.18billion 5 0.38billion 6 717million 8 25% 9 282 million 10 18% 11 4.1% 12>5%。

Item oneDifferent people have different ways of learning. We call this your “learning style,” and it’s based on your senses. To learn, you need to use your different senses—hearing, seeing, touching, etc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners. And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners. And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don’t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.Item twoToday, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the county. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes. It has high mountains. It has valleys formed ancient ice that cut deep into the Earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There are thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls，is the fifth highest onEarth. Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals.Item threeAmerica’s national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one parts of the country to anther.Item fourThe way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. “The eyes are the window of the soul,”according to the old saying. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the culture. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thusexpresses a strong message—but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared.Item fiveThis time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company’s products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet. Industry experts say American businesses should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.Item sixIOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents--Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement’s rulesare contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There’s an Olympic museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.Item sevenThere are far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who are most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.Item eightPetroleum has been important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means “rock oil.” Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under greatpressure. This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuableItem nineIn September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.Item tenOne way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot beseparated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world—the world with time—changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.Item elevenThe World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world. One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop. But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptance of cultural differences. The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,0008. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC1 – (a)2 – ( c)3 – ( d)4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basiclearner “types” – the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course ofhigher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University LifeA1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average” student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average” student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage theirstudents to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent workthan those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroom Passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground 9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the endof the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.。

英语听力入门step-by-step-3000第一册答案及原文Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words byhearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mista kes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, andthat’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state yo u’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, tha t’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entréeinto a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciation B2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Goodmorning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages –it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of it s vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable –which is a good thing for a world language –but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French –like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects –British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others liveat home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begi n my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groupsof 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes –for example, language classes –will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be givingquizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticedsome difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that aft er all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a publicschool in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sports So I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest deser t? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent isOceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.。

听力原稿Part I Section A1.What kind of student comes to Oxford? The answer to this is,there is no “OxfordType”. Common qualities they look for are commitment, enthusiasm, and motivation for your chosen area of study backed by a strong academic record.2.The university of Cambridge is the one of the oldest university in the world and oneof the largest in the United Kingdom. It has a world wide reputation for outstanding academic achievement and the high quality of research undertaken in a wide region of science and arts subjects.3.The university of Sydney was the first to be established in the Australia and afteralmost 150 years of proud achievement, still leads in innovation and quality. The university excels in sport,and social activities, debating, drama, music and much more.4.Known for excellence in teaching, research and services to the community, theuniversity of Victoria serves approximately 17,000 students.It is favored by its location on Canada's spectacular west coast, in the capital of British Columbia.5.New Zealand’s largest university, the university of Auckland, was established in1883, and has grown into a international center of learning and academic excellence.The university is situated in the heart of the cosmopolitan city of Auckland and provides an exciting and stimulating environment for 26,000 students.6.Founded in 1636, Harvard has a 380 acre urban campus with easy access to Boston.It has a total enrollment of about 18500 students. This university comprises many different schools such as the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, School of Business Administration and School of Education.7.Columbia University is a independent coeducational university. which awardsmasters, doctoral, professional, and other advanced degrees. with an enrollment of about 20,000 graduates and professional students.8.Boston university is located along the banks of Charles River. With more than30,000 students from all over the United States and 135 countries, it's the third largest independent university in the United States.Part I Section B.1.There are more than 2,700 languages in the world. In addition, there are more than7,000 dialects. A dialect is a regional variety of language that has different pronunciation, vocabulary or meaning.2.The language in which a government conducts business is the official language ofthat country.3.One billion people speak English. That's 20 percent of the world's population.4.400 million people speak English as their first language. For the other 600 million,it's either a second language or foreign language.5.There are more than 500,000 words in the Oxford Dictionary. Eighty percent of allEnglish Vocabulary comes from other languages.6.Eighty percent of all information in the world's computers is in English.7.Somalia is the only African country in which the entire population speaks the samelanguage, Somali.8.More than 1,000 different languages are spoken on the continent of Africa.9.When the American spaceship voyage began its journey in 1977, it carried a golddisc. On the disc, there were messages in 55 languages. Before all of them, there wasa message from the Secretary General of the United Nations in English.Part I Section CNone of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learning types. The communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner, and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native listeners. At home, they like to learn by watching TVs and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them.In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to learn by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, by talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and at school. Now authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down at the notebook, and they like to have a textbook They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we haveanalytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books. And they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now of course, it's unusual for a person to be exclusively one type rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II Educational systems.Section AA1, you are going to hear some people talking about the educational system in their country.Before listening, discuss the prelistening questions below.1, how old are children when they begin school in our country?2, how are the levels of schooling2 divided?3, what do school children have to take before they enter the university?A2, now listen to the material. while listening, focus on the points in the chart. Supply the missing information in the chart.Well, in Britain, for the ages of 5 to about 11, you start off at primary school. And then for 11 to 16, you are go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school. And at 16, you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at the school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of 18, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education to a college or university, and that's usually for 3 years. Well, it depends what state you are in, but most kids in United States start school at about 6. When they go to elementary school and that goes from first grade up to sixth grade.Some kids go to a kindergarten a year before that.Then they go on to a junior high school, that's about 11, and that's the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. Then they go on to senior high school around age 14, er, starting in the tenth grade and finish in the twelfth grade, usually. Some students,...er, will leave school at 16 and they'll start work, But, er, most of them stay on to graduate, er, from high school at age 18.In the first year of high school or college, students are called "freshmen3". In the second, they are called "sophomores4". In the third year, we call them "juniors", and in the fourth year, they are called "seniors". Now, a lot of high school graduates er, then go to college or university, and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college, er, which is two-year course. Well, in Austria, what in the most states anyway, children start their primary education at 5 after perhaps a brief time in the kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they are about 11. Then they'll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually 12 or 13, which you start in the third form. Now after three years in the high school, you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate, and that is sort of a general qualification. After that, you can leave school at 16 or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entree5 into a university or it's another useful qualification. And from then on you go to various sorts of high education. Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but school are administered by local school boards. Kindergarten is for children who are 4 or 5 years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in grade one. When they are about 6 years old, they must stay in school at least until they are 16. However, most students continue to finish high school, Some go on to college or university.Each year of schooling represents one grade. The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June. Elementary school, includes kindergarten, to about grade eight. Secondary school or high school may start in grade eight, nine or ten, and usually continues until grade twelve. In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for a specific job, they attend college for 1 to 4 years to get the diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universites offer degree programs as well as training in certain professions such as law, medicine and teaching. Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor's degree after three or four years of study. A master's degree can take another year or two.A doctoral may take a further three to seven years to complete.A3. Now listen again, answer the following questions brieflySection BB1. listen to an interview talking on some facts about English. Focus on the things make English difficult to learn. Supply the missing information.And now, we have an interview with a professor J.T Lingo8, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo university, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English.Good morning, professor lingo.Good morning.Professor, I understand that teaching English is becoming "big business" all around the world.It's seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.Why is that?With the move toward of global economy, English has became the most widely used language in the world.It's the language of business, aviation,science and international affairs, and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.And do people find English an easy language to learn?Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn.English is such a hodgepodge of different languages.It's essentially9 Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French.And technical words stem from Latin and Greek.This feature makes English fairly adaptable10, which is a good thing for a world language, but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.English spelling baffles me, too.Yes, well, anyway, English also has the largest vocabulary.Often there are words for the same thing.One that is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French like"buy" which is Anglo-Saxon, and"purchase" which is from the French.The French word often has more prestige.Anglo-Saxon?That's the word for old English.The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and help English evolved into the language it's today.I see, is there anything else particularly different about English?Well, the idioms in the informal English pose a problem for some students.Informal English?As with any language, there are different varieties. slang, colloquial11, formal,written, as well as the different dialects, British, American and Canadian English.And how is Canadian English different from American and British?Well, Canadian English is close to American pronunciation and idiom.Some of our words and spellings do reflect British usage.However, we wouldn't use British term "lorry" for a truck.But we have kept the "o-u-r" spellings in words such as "honour", and "colour".This has been very interesting, professor.I am afraid we're out of time.It has been a pleasure talking to you.Thank you.We have been talking to Professor Lingo of Chimo University.B2. Now listen again.Decide whether the statements are true or false, put T for true or F for false in the blankets. Then discuss the following questions.Questions for discussion.1, Do you agree that English will eventually be the world language?If not, which language do you think will be?2, From your experience, what is particularly difficult to learn about English.Part III. University LifeSection AA1. you are going to hear a lecture on university life in the U.S.First, listen to the first part of the lecture. Complete the outline.Today I'd like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different for the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on the U.S campus is a pretty diverse group of people.First of all, you'll find students of all ages Although most students start college at around the age of 18. You'll see students in their 30s and 40s, and even occasionally in their 60s or 70s. Students in the U.S campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds.Many students work at least part-time, and some of them work full-time. Some of the students live in the dormitories on campus, some of them have their own apartments, usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial andethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign students population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people in the U.S college or university campus. Now you have some general idea of differences in the students body population. I'd like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is, and then discuss with you what a typical classmight be like. Let's begin my talking about a average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists. But still it's convenient to talk about an average student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university.Actually, at very select schools, the students are usually very well prepared. But in less selective schools, they may not be as well-prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the states simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries, and are not very well-versed in international matters, and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly, but not very well informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called average student have? The average undergraduate student takes 5 classes a semester and is in class about 15 hours a week. If he or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require two or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15-20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will leada discussion do help clarify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes, for example, language classes will be much smaller so that the students can practice language.In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students. And as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside the class. And students are expected to take full responsibility for complete these assignments and ask questions in class about those areas they don't understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in the class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2, Now listen to the second part of the lecture. Finish the outline.Let's move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to the students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give the students a course outline that mentions all the topics should be covered in the class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. And an average university course of one semester might have 3 examinations or 2 examinationsand a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper is required, the date it's due should also be on the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all these testing can be a little surprising at first. Oh, by the way, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another really difference in our system is our attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendances are optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you're absent a lot. All these information should be on your syllabus. along with the professor's office number and office hours. I have only a couple minutes left. And I'd like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it's much more difficult to enter a graduate school. And most students are high qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate school with regularly scheduled exams,etc. Some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there are may be no exams. But students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them the class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all the students. Each student may also be expected to work independently in some areas of interest. And later make a presentation that summarizes what he or she has learned. Usually, each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade. I hope that today's lecture has given you some ideas about student life on an American campus. And you have noticed some differences between our system and yours.Section BB1. Before you listen to the conversion, please list some of the things that a good student or a bad student will do in the classroom.B2. Now listen to the conversion in which a teacher described the sort of things a good student or a bad student does or does not do in a classroom.In the following chart, some facts have been given to you, The symbol "dot cycle" stands for major points, while the symbol "white diamond" stands for the supportive details. Complete the chart.What I wanted to ask really was, you are a teacher, in teaching for some years now. what would you say, how would you describe a good student or a bad student? You know, sort of things what they do or don't do in the classroom? Well, a good student is usually one who's not afraid to make mistake, I'd say. Uh, hum, And he's, er, eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it's be a structure or a function or a new word. He immediately starts to trying to use it. Yeah, all right. And he's interested in mistakes he made, he's not afraid to make them. So he is not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on? no,no,no, He, he plays with the language. A bad student, on the other hand, will perhaps say, "OK, I've done this chapter I know this", without trying to experiment at all, with really testing himself. Aha,aha. He's usually passive,he won't speak up much in the classroom and very rarely ask you why this and why not something else. Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn't doing anything more with it. That's right. And in a test, he is the one person who is likely to suddenly realize that , er, Yes, he wasn't too sure about that after all. Yeah. And peep over at the, er, his neighbor's paper. Oh ,yes, an alternative learning strategy. Right. And he invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than themselves. I think that's ,the result of,er, this sort of, unwillingness to make mistakes and sticks his neck out. Mm, Right, Yeah. Er, anything else? Er? That characterizes the good or bad learner? Er, mm, The bad learner is, wait a minute,er, the good learner is, er, well, I think he'll do more off his own bat as well, he won't rely entirely on the teacher. Mm,hum. He'll read, He'll read books. Mm, so work outside the classroom as well as in it. Yes. Yeah. Yeah. Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part 4. University CampusSection AYou are going to hear some information about the layout5 of the university campus. Listen carefully. Write down the names of different places in the right positions on the map.Look at the map, at the bottom of the page, find the gate.Now locate the administration building, it's between the river and the lake, close to the main road.The building behind the administration is the auditorium.Where is the library?It's on the right-hand side of the main road, close to the river.Across the main road from the library, the building by the river is the Education Department.The first building on the left-hand side of the main road is the Geography Department.The Philosophy Department is between the Education and Geography.The building at the end of the main road is the Mathematics Department.On its left is the Physics Department.And on its right, near the lake is the Chemistry Department.Another building behind the lake is the Clinic.The Chinese Department is facing the lake, across the main road.The building between the Chinese Department and the river is the Foreign Languages Department.The History Department is the first building on the right of the main road.Next to the History Department is the Psychology Department.And last the sports ground is behind the education, philosophy and geography departments.Section BA student is applying for a university.Fill in the application form with information you hear.Good morning, have a seat.Good morning, thank you.I have an application here somewhere. Yes, here it is. Your name is Robert Martin. Right?That's right, Sir.And you hope to enter our university next fall?Yes, sir, if I can make it.Fine, Bob. I notice that you finished high school a year ago.Why didn't you enter a college that year?Well, I have a sister in college now.And there's another one who will be going next year.So I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.Good, it sounds as if you are pretty responsible fellow.I see that you attended two grade schools.Yes, Sir. My first six years I went to a public school in my hometown.Then I went to an military school for two years.And came back your hometown for your high school.That's right, Sir.I see. I don't find a transcript among your papers.Do you have one?I'm not sure I know what that is.Oh, That's a list of your grades.Oh, yes. That's in the mail now.Oh, right. How were your grades?Well, pretty good until my second year in the high school.Then I guess I got a little too interested in sports.But I know I'll work hard in college.What do you want to major in?I want to major in biology.That was my best subject in high school.I'm really interested in it.That sounds fine, Bob.Have you discussed this with your teachers and your parents?Oh, sure. My science teacher thinks that's just what I ought to go into and my parents say I should make my own choice.Did you have some math and other science courses in high school?Everything they offered.And I did some extra work for my teacher,too.Well, Bob, You should get along all right here.But it's hard to keep up with both sports and studies.Yes, sir, I know.Fine, I'll hold your application until we get the transcript.When we've seen it, we'll let you know, probably in about two weeks.Thank you very much, sir.By the way, what did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things.I know I do, too.I've been fascinated9 with science since I was a child.And interest of that kind of really signifies10 something. Well, good luck, Bob.Thank you, sir, goodbye.。

Unit 11 Part IBusiness travel/ live video meetings/ the clientTape script:I-Interviewer M-Man W-Woman I: What do you think might happen in the business world in the next 20 years or so?W: Um... thereU1 be no more telexes, business will only use fax and electronic mail.M: Mm.・.Oflicc cleaning will be done by robots.W: Well, I there will be much more unemployment.M: Well, I think, people will have to retain for new skills every ten years ・W: I think robots will replace production workers.M: Computers will replace clerical workers.M: People will buy their food from home ・W: There'll be less need for transport, as people will work from home ・M: Most consumer advertising will be delivered directly to the home.W: Well, business travel will be replaced by live video meetings. There won't be any need to go to see the client any more ・B. spaceship/ Mars a robot court have gone upunder the sea nuclear war / nuclear armsbrain waves/ a conversation planet/ tower blockscomputersC. Cl. 1. Mercury 2. Venus 3. the Earth 4. Mars5. Jupitcr6. Saturn7. Uranus8. Neptune9. Pluto C2.<&000 miles 93,000,000 miles 3651/4 days <35,000,000 miles =24,000,000 miles<1/4 million miles Tape script:The Earth is a planet just under 8,000 miles in diameter, moving round the Sun at a distance of93,000,000 miles, and completing one circuit in 365 1/4 days ・ It is not the only planet; eight others are known, all with their own special points of interest ・ Mercury and Venus are closer to the Sun than we are; Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are farther away. Of course, the nearest to us are Mars, which may approach the Earth to within 35,000,000 miles, and Venus, which has a minimum distance from us of only about 24,000,000 miles. Mars and Venus arc also the only two planets which do not appear to be overwhelmingly hostile ・ However, they are much more remote than our onenatural satellite, the Moon, which moves around the Earth at a mean distance of less than a quarter of a million miles.Part IIA. protect 100/ in the future closed copper leakproofplaced a low humidity the eye and hand discs/ playable dry telexes/ fax and electronic mailnew skills eveiy ten yearsunemployment transport/ fromhomerobots/ production workers clerical workers food from home advertising/ the homeB・ 3000/ life in the world today an architect from Spainone and one half? of space/ 8 separate parts a flower/ mysteryApril the Natural History MuseumC. 6 magazines sounds of life in New York City/ 9:09⑼9/1999what people in New York were doing/9:09/9/9/1999 a container of fresh water a medal a ceremonial chaira doll beanie baby/popular with collectors cigarettesTape script:Have you ever thought about what you would save from today to show to people in the future? Some people are thinking about it. They are involved in a project to save objects in a container that is not to be opened until New Yearns Day 1,000 years form now・ The container is a time capsule.The idea for this time capsule came from the people at the New York Times newspaper. So it is called the Times capsule・ The papers and objects to be put in it are to help people in the year 3000 understand about life in the world today. First, a container was needed to keep the materials safe. So the newspaper invited 48 architects and designers from around the world to take part in a design competition. An architect from Spain Santiago Caltravo won. His winning design is a shiny steel container. It has one and one half cubic meters of space inside・ It is shaped like a flower with eight separate parts・ Mr. Caltravo says he wanted the container to be beautiful yet create a feeling of mystery. Some of the things that will be placed in the Times capsule have been chosen. They are being shown along with the Times capsule at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.Among the objects arc six magazines published by the New York Times which described the last 1,000 years, a recording of the sounds of life in New York City made at 9:09 in the morning of the 9th day of the 9th month of 1999, pictures taken of what some people in New York were doing at that same time, a small container of fresh water from a river in Brazil, and an American military medal, a ceremonial chair from Zimbabwe, a beanie baby doll popular with collectors, Marlboro cigarettes・ Other things will be chosen to represent life at the present time. Visitors to the museum can use two computers to enter their own suggestions・ The objects chosen by a special committee will be placed in the capsule before it is closed in April.Then the large steel container will be moved to its permanent home outside the entrance of the Natural History Museum.Although the Times capsule is not to be opened for 1,000 years, it should not be forgotten. A guard will be paid to watch over it and remind people of why it is important. The creators of the project hope the guard duty will be passed on from person to person through the next ten centuries.Part III A1 ・ actions / present / responsibility recognize create/ imposed fate/ forces2.diagnosis and treatment textbooks interactive questions / alternative results/ affect3.brainwaves/ check out/ busy, tired brain activityscalp/ performing well too tired/ computer analysis monitorTape script:1.Your 21st centuryThe future will not determine itself. The future is determined by the actions of the present day. Edward Cornish, the editor of The Futurist magazine published by the World Future Society,says, “The responsibility we have for the future begins when we recognize that we ourselves create the future一that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate or other forces beyond our control/5 2.Your 21s, century doctorMore and more doctors will use computers for medical diagnosis and treatment.You will visit your doctor, and find that he uses a computer screen and visual infonnation about your condition instead of his textbooks・Computers in your home will enable you to answer interactive questions about your health and show the alternative results which will affect you if you act in a certain way.3 ・ Your 21st century brainYour brainwaves may be used to check out whether you are busy, tired, or doing your work properly.Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer, at the University of Illinois, tested volunteers working on arithmetic problems. He found that he could predict their performance from the strength of the brain's electrical activity. This is measured through the scalp.The future? Bosses could measure brain activity through the scalp and tell whether a worker is performing well, working hard, or too tired to do the job properly. Ongoing computer analysis could tell whether a worker, such as an air traffic controller, is seeing all the activity they have to monitor clearly eno ugh ・B・ forecast and assignment/ tourism 1.56 billion 1.18 billion 0.38 billion717 million 46% 397 million 25% 282 million18% 4.1% >5%Tape script:WTO long-term forecast tourism 2020 visionTourism 2020 Vision is the World Tourism Organization^ long-term forecast and assessment of the development of tourism up to the first 20 years of the new millcnnium.WTO's Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts that international arrivals are expected to reach over 1.56 billion by the year 2020. Of these worldwide arrivals in 2020, 1.18 billion will be intraregional and 0.38 billion will be long-haul travelers.The total tourist arrivals by region shows that by 2020 the top three receiving regions will be Europe (717 million tourists), East Asia and the Pacific (397 million), and the Americas (282 million), followed by Africa, the Middle East and South Asia.East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa are forecasted to record growth at a rate of over 5 percent per year compared to the world average of 4」percent.Europe will maintain the highest percentage of world arrivals, although there will be a decline from 60 percent in 1995 to 46 percent in 2020. By 2010 the Americas will close its number two position to the East Asia and the Pacific region which will receive 25 percent of world arrivals in 2020 with the Americas decreasing from 19 percent in 1995 to 18 percent in 2020.Unit 12Item oneetc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners・And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners・ And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don，t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.Item twoToday, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the country. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes・ It has high mountains. It has valleys fonned by ancient ice that cut deep into the earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There are thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls, is the fifth highest on Earth・ Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals・Item threeAmerica\ national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the cast to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one part of the country to another.Item fourThe way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. u The eyes are the window of the soul/' according to the old sayings. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the cultures・ A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message-but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared・Item fiveThis time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company's products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet・Industry experts say American business should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.Item sixIOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French・IOC members come from five different continents-Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania・ They choose Olympic cities six years in advance・ All the Olympic movement's rules arc contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There is an Olympic Museum and Studies Center in Lausanne・It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.Item sevenThere arc far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who most to blame, drivers or pedestrians・ Some people say that the blame can not be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone・ To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.Item eightPetroleum has been important since ancient times・ In Latin, the name means "rock oil： Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure・ This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity・ Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable.Item nineIn September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations millennium development goals・ Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria・ The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all childrcn. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included・ The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.Item tenOne way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated・ A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes・ For time and change are linked・ We know that time has passed when something changes ・ In the real world-the world with time-changes never stop・ Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon・ Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.Item elevenThe World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world・ One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop・ But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives・ International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptance of cultural differences・ The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.Unit 12Item oneetc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners・ And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners・ And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don，t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.Item twoToday, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the country. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes・ It has high mountains・It has valleys formed by ancient ice that cut deep into the earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There arc thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls, is the fifth highest on Earth・ Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals・Item threeAmerica's national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one part of the country to anothe匚Item fourThe way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages・ Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. u Thc eyes arc the window of the soul：' according to the old sayings. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the cultures. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gaze匚The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message-but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural nonns arc not shared.Item fiveThis time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company's products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet. Industry experts say American business should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.Item sixIOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne・Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five diffeent contincnts-Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania・They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement's rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There is an Olympic Museum andStudies Center in Lausanne・ It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.Item sevenThere are far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame can not be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions arc all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport・Item eightPetroleum has been important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means "rock oil?5 Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure ・ This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carb on. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity・ Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable・Item nineIn September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations millennium development goals・ Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.Item tenOne way to think about time is to imagine a world without time・There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated・ A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change arc linked・Wc know that time has passed when something changes・ In the real world-the world with time-changes never stop・ Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.Item elevenThe World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world・ One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century・ Population growth in many industrial nations, however,is expected to drop・ But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growingacceptance of cultural differences・ The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.。

Unit 6Part IA:1.Paris3.19324.Berlin6. Tokyo7. 19721—d 2---a 3----g 4----b 5----f 6----e 7-----c听力原文Women competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900.In 1924, the first Winter Games were held in Chamonix.In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate athletes in Los Angeles.In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time. The 1956 Olympic in Melbourne were the first Olympic Games to be held in the southern hemisphere.Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic opening ceremony.B.BaseballWatch games on television or listen on the radio American football Play the sport soccer听力原文：What is the most popular sport in the United States? That might be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words “most popular”.One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watch it played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games on television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play the sport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.C1—d 2--- h 3---a 4---e 5---i6---c 7---g 8--- b 9---j 10---f听力原文：Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes ----- and up ---- and down ---- and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knee as high as you can. Hold your leg with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee ------ up ---- pull towards you -----and down. Move your feet further apart, bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest. Now push your elbows back ------ keep your head up! And relax…. Feet together, and put your hands on your hips. Now bend your knees and stretch your arms out in front of you. Hold that position ---- now up. Stretch your arms out to the sides at shoulders height, palms up. Rotate your arms in small circles --- that’s right ---- and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. OK ---- if we’re all warmed up now, let’s begin!Part IIAa.friendly / warm / affectionateb.drunk / aggressive / scream / shout / push people around /smash glasses / monsters2.He finds it difficult to understand why normal, nice people behave sobadly at football matches.3.enjoy themselves / no aggressive or violence4.rugby / tennis5.They sit there silently throughout.听力原文：M: I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people, and live near a football ground. Tottenham, and on Saturday I avoid them, because they come back from the match about 6 o’clock, 7 o’clock, drunk, aggressive --- they scream, they shout, and ….. after the World Cup Fi-, after the World Cup when England got knocked out. I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, and I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don’t understand, I really don’t understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters.Section 2JE: but do you think that’s so of a lot of football fans? I mean, I’ve heard other people say they’ve gone to football matches and there’s beenabsolutely no trouble in the terraces at all, and people have been…. Sat there, you know, quite happily, opposing teams next to each other.J: Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news. What happens when British fans go to Europe? There’s always trouble, isn’t there ?M: Well, but it’s, it’s not ….it’s…In Brazil, for example, where I’ve also been to football matches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there’ s no aggression or violence, or …ther e’s nothing like that. It seems peculiarly, it seems particular to England and a few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to show their most violent, aggressive natures.Section 3A: But perhaps it’s just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.J: But large crowds go to other kinds of matches ---- go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch tennis…M: Go to pop concerts…J: If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.A: Y es, but it’s interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where everybody’s seated…..BI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common people of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have on inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn’t know from concrete examples (1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests led to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. Y ou play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, its it possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe ---- at any rate for short periods --- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.Part IIIA1.since 19882.in 20013.in 19844.in 19605.by 2004B:1.wheelchair tennis and basketball2.a. teach all kinds of sports to disabled peopleb. for the Paralympics3. the ability to move his legs4. his body and mind again5. a. wireless earphonesb. visual interpreters听力原文：The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 tosecure this connection.The Paralympic Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England. A doctor named Ludwing Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years late, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part. Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic Games in Athens has almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.BThe Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympic Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England. A doctor named Ludwing Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years late, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part. Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic Games in Athens has almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.Athletes may have physical or mental limitations; they may be blind or in wheelchairs. Y et sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities.Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there more than 100 professional teams playing wheelchair basketball. Special wheelchairs for athletes are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, there is a Power Wheelchair Racing Association.In the State of Utah there is a place called the National Ability Center. It teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and metal disabilities. It even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A report from The W ashington Post wanted to know what it could be like for a blind person to use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety-line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and started to feel for places to put his hands and feet. Trainers on the ground urged him on: “Take your time. Y ou can do it.” Finally he reached the top.At the National Ability Center people can learn to ride horses and mountain bikes. They can try winter mountain sports, and learn scuba diving and other water activities. The center also prepares athletes for the Paralympics.For disabled people intered in yoga, there special stretching exercises.Mattew Sanford knows about these. He has been in a wheelchair ever since a car accident when he lost the ability to move his legs. He was thirteen years old at the time. That was almost thirty years ago.Mattew Sanford says he has had two lives: one before he was thirteen and the other after. He had to learn to live with a new reality. For many years, he was told to build up the strength in his arms and forget about his legs.But he says yoga enabled him to reconnect with thirteen-year-cold oby who lived his body. He says the exercises and special breathing of yoga let him conncet his body and mind again.Now Matthew Sanford teaches yoga at his studio in the State of Minnesota. He also travels to talk to people about living with a disability. He says feeling connected to our body is a powerful part of living ---- whether we have a disability or not. Today there are more and more choices of entertainment for people with disabilities.Theaters may offer wireless earphones to make the sound louder for people with limited hearing. Some provide a visual interpreter to describe a performance or a play for a person who is blind or has limited sight. And some movie theaters offer a new device celled MoPix, for Motion Picture Access. For a person unable to see the movie, it provides a spoken description of what is happening.。

Unit 1 World News: International RelationsI Teaching objectives and requirements:Objectives:1 To let students master certain English listening skills;2 To let students learn about the world news, focusing on international relations;3 To make students broaden their eyesight to know more about world news by way of listening extensively.II Difficult and key points:Key points: Listening skills and the expressions on international relationsDifficult points: Some of the words and sentence structures and sentences on international relations.III Teaching approaches:1. Task-based instruction,2. Learner-centered instruction,3. Interactive teaching4. Communicative language teaching,5. Cooperative learning.IV Time allotment: 4 classesV Teaching procedures:Main teaching contents and stepsStep 1 Discussion (10 minutes)Two topics for discussion:Topic one: How to develop our English listening well?Topic two: What do you know about international relations?Goal: To learn some skills on English listening and to begin the content to be learned in Unit One.Step 2 Main content in Chapter 1 (145 minutes)Part I Warming upPart II News reportPart III Anti-piracy missionPart IV SpeechesPart I Warming upAWords learning:radical change (根本变革), further fighting (进一步的战斗), bomb (炸弹, 爆炸), depleted uranium (贫铀), allay (减轻，缓和), disquiet (使不安, 使担心), ammunition (弹药), Macedonian (马其顿人, 马其顿的), Albanian (阿尔巴尼亚人, 阿尔巴尼亚人的) guerrilla (游击队, 游击战), 大猩猩(gorilla), Bosnia(波斯尼亚), Kosovo (科索沃), Kuwait (科威特), navy aircraft (海军飞机), hit (袭击, 碰撞), push for (奋力争取), NATO (北约: 北大西洋公约组织, North Atlantic Treaty Organization).Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. The former American Defense Secretary William Perry has recommended aradical change of policy towards North Korea.2. Hundreds of thousands of mothers from across the United States gathered here in Washington Sunday to push for tougher gun control laws.3. There’s been further fighting between Macedonian forces and Ethnic Albanian guerrillas inside the Macedonian border with Kosovo.4. A bomb dropped by United States navy aircraft during training in Kuwait has hit a group of military observers, killing six of them.5. NATO is taking a number of steps to allay growing disquiet about the possible health risks from ammunitions containing depleted uranium, which it used in Kosovo and Bosnia.BWords learningsummit (峰会), collision (碰撞, 冲突), eradicate (根除, 消灭), shrug off (摆脱), denunciation (谴责), regime (政体, 政权, 管理体制), pluck (摘, 拔, 扯), upsurge (高涨, 高潮) breach (破坏, 打破), vessel (船, 舰), West Bank (约旦河西岸), Gaza (加沙地区)，reverse ( 扭转, 颠倒), ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( 东南亚国家联盟, 简称东盟), rank (n. 1. 等级; 地位,身份 2. 社会阶层;军阶,军衔 3. 高地位,高身份,显贵 4. 排,横), Rangoon (仰光:缅甸首都) USS(the United States Ship: 美国军舰) Greenville:军舰名emergency surfacing drill (紧急海上演习), Coast Guard (海岸警卫队), Israeli (以色列的, 以色列人的, n 以色列人), troops (部队,军队), Palestinian (巴勒斯坦的, 巴勒斯坦人的，n 巴勒斯坦), gunmen (枪手), rage (vi. 大怒；流行，风行).Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. To make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS.2. Burma, Cambodia, and Laos.3. A US nuclear submarine tore through a Japanese fishing vessel, sinking it within minutes.35/94. Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunmen have been raging overnight.5. Some nuclear facilities have breached many health and safety laws.More than half of the nuclear plants failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements.Part II News reportAWords learning:Ballot ((以无记名)投票,投票表决[(+for/against)], e.g.: They balloted for a new chairman. 他们投票选举了新主席), contention (争论，争辩，论点), lobby (v 游说, n 大厅, 休息厅), UN General Assembly (联合国大会), Mauritius (毛里求斯), Security Council (安全理事会), Organization of African Unity (OAU, 非洲统一组织，1963)，allot (分配，分派), balloting (投票), King Harald (哈拉德王), Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.SummaryThe news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council.Statements:1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as non-permanent members of the security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourth ballot.2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates competing for the second seat for the African and Asian group.3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members —China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States and 10 non-permanent members.BWords learningabstain(自制, 放弃), high-profile (高调的, 知名度高的), genocide (种族灭绝), UN Human Rights Commission (人权委员会), Bosnian (波斯尼亚人, 波斯尼亚人的), Rwanda (卢旺达：东非国家), maneuver（用计谋，调遣）cycle of violence (暴力周期), dissenting (不同意的), East Timor (东帝汶), volatile (不稳定的)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers. SummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commissions was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israeli and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532. 483. 34. The United States5. Canada6. On October 18th7. No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian War / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East TimorPart III Anti-piracy missionAWords learning:Warship (战舰，军舰) , operation (操作, 经营), Somalia (索马里：非洲) ), surveillance (监督, 监视), deter (制止, 阻止), vis-à-vis (和面对面, 同相比), ransom (赎金, 赎回), infested (被扰乱的) infest (骚扰, 扰乱). EU’s Naval Operation (海军作战), crew (全体人员, 全体船员), robust (强健的,强有力的), Gulf of Aden (亚丁湾)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.EU’s Naval OperationThe massive problem: Piracy off Somalia’s watersAlmost 100 ships were attacked this year alone. Somali pirates are holding about 16 ships and more than 350 crew members off their country’s coast.EU’s mission:Sending 6 warships and more than 3 surveillance planes to tackle the problemAim: To deter, to prevent, to protect and, in particular, to protect the UN humanitarian component (成分, 组件) in those waters vis-à-vis Somalia.Headquarters: Near LondonDuration: At least a yearBWords learningChinese naval task force (特遣部队, 特别小组, 工作小组), escort mission (护航使命, 护航任务), rear admiral (海军少将), applause (欢呼, 鼓掌), combat (与…战斗, 反对), secure (vt. 保护), safeguard (保护, 捍卫), special forces (特种部队), appeal (恳求).Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.Chinese Navy’s Escort Mission against PiracyPrimary mission: To secure vessels, personnel and cargo, but not to hit piracy off the Somali coast directly.Target: To protect the ships and personnel passing through the area (the Gulf of Aden and waters off the coast of Somalia); to safeguard the vessels transporting humanitarian materials from international organizations.Number of crew members:800 incl. 70 soldiers from the Navy’s special forces.Duration of the first phase: Three monthsTime ready to receive protection appeals: Jan. 6Part IV SpeechesWords learningSpace project (太空计划), touch, swelter (使闷热, 使中暑), oasis (绿洲), vindication (辩护, 证明无罪), cynicism (愤世嫉俗), creed (信条, 教义), affirmatively (肯定地, 断然地), tribute (颂词, 礼赞), Georgia (乔治亚州), injustice (歧视, 不公平), oppression (压迫), content of their character (品质的含量, 人品的内涵)，restore (还原, 恢复), Ann Nix Cooper( Ann Louise Nixon Cooper (January 9, 1902 –December 21, 2009) was a centenarian mentioned in United States President-elect Barack Obama's November 2008 election speech as a representative of the change in status African Americans had undergone during the past century and more in America. Before that, she was a noted member of the Atlanta African-American community and an activist for civil rights.), reclaim (开拓, 改造)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers. Extract 1 (Expressing an opinion): I believe that … I believe we should…Extract 2 (Paying a tribute): He said to those he touched and who sought to touch him…Extract 3 (Expressing an opinion): I have a dream…Extract 4(Expressing an opinion): America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress.Extract 5 (accepting a post): I am profoundly grateful … for giving me the chance to serve you.(making a promise): I will do everything I can be worthy of … I promise you…that I will…Extract 6(Expressing determination): This is our time, to put …to restore…to reclaim…Yes, we can.Step 3 Knowledge Extension (20 minutes)Listen to the latest world news on international relations.Goal: To further know about international relations.Step 4 Problem-Solving and Homework (5 minutes)Homework:1. Review the content learned this class.2. Do certain practice on English listening from BBC or VOA, or other programs and show the general idea for each class from the second week.3. Preview Unit 2 so as to be familiar with the content.4. Any questions on English listening and English learning can be submitted to me or solved in class with your active proposal.5. You shall insist on listening to English programs at least 30 minutes each day.Goal: To solve the problems students have in class and ask students to do certain homework to reinforce their knowledge on world news focusing on international relations.Design of teaching process: Review for 10 minutes, textbook learning for 100 minutes, knowledge extension for 20 minutes, and offering assignment for 5 minutes.Remarks: Add certain knowledge on international relations.Some websites for English listening:1. 人人听力网/2. 普特英语听力/3. 可可英语网/4. 在线英语听力室/5. 听力特快/6. 沪江英语/7. 我爱英语网/tl/8. 听力课堂/English programs:BBC, VOA, CRI, CCTV 9 , etcUnit 2 World News: Earth and EnvironmentI Teaching objectives and requirements:Objectives:1 To let students master certain English listening skills;2 To let students learn about the world news, focusing on the topics of earth and environment;3 To make students broaden their eyesight to know more about world news on earth and environment by way of listening extensively.II Difficult and key points:Key points: Listening skills and the expressions on earth and environmentDifficult points: Some of the words and sentence structures and sentences on earth and environment.III Teaching approaches:1. Task-based instruction,2. Learner-centered instruction,3. Interactive teaching4. Communicative language teaching,5. Cooperative learning.IV Time allotment: 4 classesV Teaching procedures:Main teaching contents and stepsStep 1 Review (5 minutes)Review what we have learned in Unit 1 on the topic of international relationsPart I Warming upPart II News reportPart III Anti-piracy missionPart IV SpeechesGoal: To review the learned points and begin the new learning content of Unit 2.Step 2 Classmates’ presentation(10 minutes)Requirements for classmates’ presentation:● 1. Each classmate makes the presentation for about 2 minutes.● 2. 3 classmates are to take part in the presentation voluntarily or passively.● 3. The presentation is recorded as a classroom performance.● 4. While listening, the other classmates shall listen to the presentationcarefully and intensively.● 5. If you have questions, you can ask after the presentation.Goal: To check and train students’English listening effect and their English speaking ability.Main content in Chapter 2 (145 minutes)Part I Warming upPart II News reportPart III City recyclingPart IV Language study and language appreciationPart I Warming upAWords learning:oil spill (漏油, 浮油, 石油漏出), spill (n 溢出,溅出, 摔下vi 溢出, 流出, 摔下vt 使流出使溢出, 使摔下), wildfires (野火, 大火灾), melting (融化的, 溶解的), blaze (n 火焰烈火vi 燃烧, 发光, 激发vt 在树皮上刻路标，公开宣布), coastal regions (沿岸区域, 滨海区), desertification (沙漠化, 荒漠化), Brazil (巴西), San Diego (圣地亚哥，加州港口城市), crew (船员), Everglades (埃弗格莱兹, 弗罗里达的城市), contained (被控制的, 被遏制), Space Agency (航天局, 宇航局), Greenland (格陵兰岛, 北美东北的一大岛, 属丹麦), ice sheet (冰层)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. New research on the likely impact of climate change suggests that damage to crops in low-lying coastal regions could be worse that previously thought.2. More than 2000 delegates from around the world have gathered in northern Brazil for the third United Nations Conference on Desertification.3. Crews are working to clean up a huge oil spill off the coast of Mexico, about 50 miles south of San Diego.4. Wildfires in the Florida Everglades have been contained after nearly a week of blazes that consumes 65, 000 hectares in the southern part of the state.5. A US Space Agency study finds that Greenland is melting around the edges. The loss to the world’s second largest ice sheet – more that 50 cubic kilometers per year – is enough to raise global sea level by 0.12 millimeters.BWords learningWater plan (水利计划), reptile (爬行动物), aerial offensive (空气传播侵害), directory (名录，人名地址簿), plants (植物，工厂), deformity (畸形), salamander (蝾螈，火蜥蜴), alligator (鳄鱼), eradicate (根除，消灭), herbicide (除草剂), sawgrass (锯齿草), xeriscaping (节水型园艺), World Conservation Union (世界自然保护联盟), Boulder County Green Pages (圆石县绿色倡议), amphibian (两栖类的), poppy (波比, 罂粟花), sphere (范围), Rotary Clubs(扶轮社，扶轮国际的分支机构), put together (组合). sponsoring group(赞助团体)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”.Part II News reportAWords learning:deteriorate (恶化, 变坏), vibrancy (振动，活力), coral reef (珊瑚礁), glacier (冰河，冰川)，Worldwatch Institute (世界观察研究所), State of the World 2000 (2000年世界状况), Daimler-Chrysler (戴姆勒-克莱斯勒), Shell Oil (壳牌石油公司) hydrogen powered economy (氢动力经济)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.An annual study by the Worldwatch Institute in Washington says with the boom in the information economy(信息经济，咨询经济), Americans have lost sight of the deteriorating health of the planet. The fast growing information economy is affecting every aspect of life, from communication, commerce and work, to education and entertainment. The Worldwatch Institute gives the earth an annual physical exam (体检, 实际检查). According to this year’s result, almost all those vital signs of the health of the earth, including the number of species, the stability of climate, the health of coral reefs, show deterioration. Other warning signs are rising temperatures, falling water tables (地下水位，潜水面), melting glaciers, shrinking forests, and collapsing fisheries. The major environmental challenges in the 21st century will be to stabilize both climate and world population growth.BWords learningglobal solutions(全球解决方案), overuse (过度使用), catastrophic (灾难的), scarcity (不足，缺乏), potable (适于饮用的), sanitary (n. 公共厕所adj. 卫生的, 清洁的), World Meteorological Organization (世界气候组织)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers. SummaryThis news report is about the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. It will lead to catastrophic consequences unless global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions:1. 1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, northeaster China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5. To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50 liters8. 500 litersPart III City recyclingAWords learning:landfill (垃圾填埋地, 垃圾堆), recyclables (可回收物, 可循环利用物), curb (抑制, 路边, 勒马绳)side，bustle (喧嚣, 热闹的活动), mound (高地, 堆), commingle (混合, 合并), assorted (组合的, 各式各样的, 混杂的), forklift (铲车, 叉车), fuzz (n. 绒毛, 模糊, 细毛), North Carolina (北卡罗来纳州), Charlotte Mecklenburg (夏洛特梅克伦堡)“Recycle Now”truck, FCR, porch (门廊, 走廊), plastic wood (塑料木)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.A2 43 1B1. 130, 000 / 80%2. Plastics / glass / tin cans / newspapers3. Recycle truck picks it up.4. One of community’s recycling centers5. Each weekday6. Conducts tours of the plant7. 3/48. Sold to other companies that make them into different products.9. Made into new containers.10. One of the top five in the USAPart IV Language study and language appreciationWords learningto press the case for (敦促, 要求), head-on (adj. 正面的；直接的；头朝前的，adv. 迎头；头朝前地；正面针对地)Tape listening:To listen to the CD to appreciate the use of the words and expressionsStep 3 Knowledge Extension (15 minutes)Listen to the latest world news on earth and environment.Goal: To further know about earth and environment.Step 4 Problem-Solving and Homework (5 minutes)Homework:1. Review the content learned this class.2. Do certain practice on English listening from BBC or VOA, or other programs and show the general idea for each class from the second week.3. Preview Unit 3 so as to be familiar with the content.4. Any questions on English listening and English learning can be submitted to me or solved in class with your active proposal.5. You shall insist on listening to English programs at least 30 minutes each day.Goal: To solve the problems students have in class and ask students to do certain homework to reinforce their knowledge on world news focusing on earth and environment.Design of teaching process: Review for 10 minutes, textbook learning for 100 minutes, knowledge extension for 20 minutes, and offering assignment for 5 minutes.Remarks: Add certain knowledge on earth and environment.Unit 3 World News: Economic DevelopmentsI Teaching objectives and requirements:Objectives:1 To let students master certain English listening skills;2 To let students learn about the world news, focusing on economic developments;3 To make students broaden their eyesight to know more about world news on economic developments by way of listening extensively.II Difficult and key points:Key points: Listening skills and the expressions on economic developmentsDifficult points: Some of the words and sentence structures and sentences on economic developments.III Teaching approaches:1. Task-based instruction,2. Learner-centered instruction,3. Interactive teaching4. Communicative language teaching,5. Cooperative learning.IV Time allotment: 4 classesV Teaching procedures:Main teaching contents and stepsStep 1 Review (5 minutes)Review what we have learned in Unit 3 on the topics of earth and environment Part I Warming upPart II News reportPart III City recyclingPart IV Language study and language appreciationGoal: To review the learned points and begin the new learning content of Unit 3.Step 2 Classmates’ presentation (10 minutes)Requirements for classmates’ presentation:● 1. Each classmate makes the presentation for about 2 minutes.● 2. 3 classmates are to take part in the presentation voluntarily or passively.● 3. The presentation is recorded as a classroom performance.● 4. While listening, the other classmates shall listen to the presentationcarefully and intensively.● 5. If you have questions, you can ask after the presentation.Goal: To check and train students’English listening effect and their English speaking ability.Main content in Chapter 3 (100 minutes)Part I Warming upPart II News reportPart III V oice mail may cost company’s businessPart IV Business jargonPart I Warming upAWords learning:outlook (前景，展望), foreign investment (外国投资), income tax cut (所得税消减), job cuts (工作减少，职位减少), animal produce (畜产品), slowdown (放缓，减慢), impose (施加，强加), live-stock (家畜，牲畜), Central Bank (中央银行，央行)，UN Conference on Trade and Development (联合国贸易与发展大会), United States House of Representatives (美国众议院), foot-and-mouth disease (口蹄疫) Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. It grew by 40% last year to more than 600 billions dollars.3. The United States House of Representatives.4. Intel; To reduce 5000.5. EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock.The US and Canada has issued temporary bans on the import of animal produce from EU.BWords learningEarnings (收入，工资，薪金), batter ( n. 击球手；（用鸡蛋、牛奶、面粉等调成的）糊状物；墙面的倾斜. vt. 猛击；打坏；使向上倾斜. vi. 接连猛击；向上倾斜), profit taking (获利完成，实现利润，见利抛售), turnover (营业额，人员流动), London’s 100 Share Index (伦敦一百种股票指数)，Nikkei Share Index(日经指数，最重要、最著名的日本股票指数), FT 100 Index (英国《金融时报》100种股票指数), CAC Quarante (The CAC 40 is a benchmark French stock market index), DAX (德国综合指数), arrow (箭头) Dow Jones (道琼斯股票指数), active stock (活跃股票), Hang Seng Index (香港恒生股票指数), Cable and Wireless HKT (Hong Kong Telecommunications ) (香港有线无线电信股票), HSBC (汇丰银行：The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation)，Hutchison (和记电讯：香港企业名), Shanglongkai Property (财产), Pacific Century Cyberworlds (盈科拓展集团网络世界), CCT Telecom (中建电讯), New World CyberBase (新世界数码基地), Hanong Holdings (控股，控股公司), Philips Electronics (飞利浦电子公司), Royal Dutch Shell (荷兰皇家壳牌), Electronic Data Systems (电子数据系统公司)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. Foreign exchange rates:1 dollar = 1.733 German marks= 126.9 Japanese yen1 pound = 1.624 dollarsShare Index:Dow Jones ↑6,783 (+45)London’s 100↑4,390 (+20)Nikkei closed2. Share Index:Dow Jones ↑10,116 (+96)Standard and Poor’s 500 ↑1,254 (+6)NASDAQ ↓(-1.5%)3. Share Index:Dow Jones ↓8,094 (-66)NASDAQ ↓1,662 (-3)FT 100 ↓(-36)CAC Quarante ↓(-33, -1%)DAX ↓(-1%)4. Most active stocks:Cable and Wireless HKT ↑ $0.45HSBC ↓$0.50Hutchison ↓$0.50Shanglongkai Property ↑ $2.25China Telecom ↓$1.50Chang Kong ↑ $0.25Pacific Century Cyberworlds ↓$0.10CCT Telecom ↓$0.275New World CyberBase ↓$0.075Hanong Holdings ↓$0.25Gold prices:Hong Kong gold: HK$ 2670London gold: US$ 2895. Earnings:Philips Electronics (last year):$ 2.4 billion dollars ($ 300 million ↓)Royal Dutch Shell (4th quarter)$ 3.6 billionElectronic data Systems (4th quarter)$ 0.70 per share ($ 0.02 ↑)Part II News reportAWords learning:composite formula (合成公式), market capitalization (市值，市场总值，市场资本值), merger (合并, 并购), acquisition (收购，购买), cite (引用，表彰，引证), “Super 100 Global” list (全球一百强名单)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers. SummaryThis news report is about Forbes’s “Super 100 Global ” list.Answer the questions:1. 2 Citigroup4 HSBC Banking Company5 Daimler-Chrysler1 General Electric Corporation3 Bank of America2. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. 46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan4. Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far.BWords learningBlue chips (蓝筹股), rally (集会), edge (边缘，优势), clouded (阴云密布的，有暗影的，阴的), strategist (战略家，军事家)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers. SummaryThis news report gives us a general picture of the US stock market. It also presents some analysts’ views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get in the market.Part III Voice mail may cost company’s businessAWords learning:V oice mail (语音邮件，语音信箱), ad campaign (广告活动), high service (高技术服务), voice jail (声音监狱, voice jail is the place in voicemail from which there is no escape, except to hang up.), Etiquette Guide (礼仪向导), turn off (关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向), health maintenance organization (HMO, 保健组织，健康维护组织), lampoon (讽刺，讽刺文章), disembodied (adj. 空洞的；无实质的；无实体的), fidelity (n. 保真度；忠诚；精确；尽责), spoof (vt. 哄骗；戏弄；对…作幽默讽刺. vi. 行骗；开玩笑. n. 诳骗；愚弄；戏弄；讽刺性文章. adj. 哄骗的), fury (狂怒), run-in (n. 试车；插入部分；争论，车辆出入通道，汽车通道，路口), flawed (adj. 有缺陷的；有瑕疵的；有裂纹的), overhaul (vt. 分解检查，大修；追上并超过. n. 彻底检修，详细检查), backlash (n. 后座；反斜线；后冲, 回拨), TakeCare (当心，照料), Plogue Research (研究), Pacific Bell (太平洋贝尔电话公司) Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.AJud Jessup (TakeCare HMO): We strive to deliver personalized service and we’ve always positioned our company as what we call a “ high service” HMO. And wedon’t think that getting a recording is high service. It may – may be efficient, and it may be cost effective, but it’s not high service.…People have individual problems. I think there’ll always be a place for personalized service.Stanley Plogue (Plogue Research): About a fourth of the people said they have not let out a contractor or supplier because they didn’t like their voice mail system.And others have just given up with trying to deal with certain companies. Sandy Hale (Pacific Bell): As companies are, you know, watching what’s happening to their bottom line, and see what’s happening with their costs, they are looking for ways to become more efficient at what they do, including their customer service operations, and voice mail is certainly a valuable tool.B1. T2. T3. F4.F5.T6. F7. F8. T9. T 10. TC3. Five years ago, people were wary of voice-mail.4. TakeCare used a funny voice-mail message in its advertisements.6. V oice-mail decreases contact between customers and companies.7. The problem is not the technology, but the voice-mail menus.Part IV Business JargonWords learningShort-cuts (捷径), jargon (行话，术语), language shorthand (语言速记（法）), stakeholder (n. 利益相关者；赌金保管者), baffle (vt. 使…困惑；使…受挫折；用挡板控制. n. 挡板；困惑. vi. 做徒劳挣扎), fall foul (相撞), Investors in People (投资于人，认证)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.A1. Jargon is simply a kind of language shorthand that lets us say what we mean quickly.2. A report just out in Britain claims that most managers overuse business jargon and that this has a negative effect on how staff feel.3. Most employees in Britain have a low opinion of colleagues who use management jargon. Over a third of those surveyed think it shows a lack of confidence and almost one in five think people who use it are untrustworthy or trying to cover something up.4. Peter Russian from Investors in People said that an effective boss is one who can communicate in a way which everyone can easily understand, not one who uses a lot of management jargon.B 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.FC 1.blue-sky thinking: imagine new or different ways of doing things2. get our ducks in a row: have everything arranged efficiently.3. brain dump: tell everything you know about a particular subject.4. think outside the box: be creative in how you think about problems。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim willbe sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the nextcentury, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place PartⅠABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24 BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.。

stepbystep第一册答案(1-4单元)tepbytep3000第一册答案原文Unit1Part1A:2.oldet,larget,reputation,reearch,cience.3.firt,Autralia,150year,e某cel.4.e某cellence,17.000,locationrget,1883,ituated,26.0006.1636,enrollment,18.500,chool.7.award,degree,20.000B:1:2.700language,7.000dialect.Pronunciation.2:officiallanguage3:Onebillion,20percent4:Fourhundredmillion,firt,600million,econd,foreign.5:500.000 word.Eightypercent.other.7:Africancountry,ame8:1.000,Africa9:pacehip,1977,55,meage,theUnitedNation.C:1-a,2-c,3-d,4-bPart2A251116611/1416511;12/13166about1316A31:GCSEe某amination2:tudent/highereducation3:tudent/econdyear/highchool/college4:generale某am/SchoolCertificate5:ittingUniverityEntranceE某amination6:bachelor’degree:3/4yearMater’degree:anotheryearortwoDoctorate:afurther3-7yeartepbytep3000第一册答案原文B:B1:Idiom,largetvocabulary FrenchInSpelling￡pronunciation B2:FTFPartⅢA1:ⅠA:Age DForeigntudentpopulation ⅡA:2:15hr(＋2or3forlab) 3:a:＋100b:Dicuiongroup15-20c:muchmaller4:informal,friendly6:2-3hr:1hrA2:ⅡB:2:E某amination4:QuizzeC:regularattendanceⅢGraduatechoolC:SeminarD:omeareaofinteretE:areearchpaperB:B2:Agoodtudent:makemitake,everynewthing,thelanguage.Workingouti detheclaroom.Abadtudent:Paive,theteacher.Stickhineckout,morelikelytoberig htthanhimelf.PartⅣA:1gate2theHitoryDepartment3thePychologyDepartmenttepbytep3000第一册答案原文4heLibrary5theEducationDepartment6thePhiloophyDepartment7theGeographyDepartment8theSportGround9theForeignLanguageDepartment10theChineeDepartment11thePhyicDepartment12theMathematicDepartment13theChemitryDepartment14theClinic15theAuditorium16theAdminitrationBuildingB:RobertMartinBiology,ne某tfall,i某yearinapublicchoolinthehometown;twoyearinamilitarychool;highchoo linthehometown.Science(biologyinparticular),port.Unit2PartⅠ16.998.00064.186.300840.0003.320.000 143.24432.4832.966.0005.105.700 29.028ˉ1.3125.31536.1984.145B1.243.738.000955.220.000267.901.000199.867.000159.884.000147.105.000138.150.000125.638.000118.369.000tepbytep3000第一册答案原文96.400.00082.071.000C1.Chinee1.300million2.Spanih332million3.Englih322million4.189million5.182million6170million7.Ruian170million8Japanee125million9Germon98million10.75.5million11.Korean75million12.French.72million13.Vietnamee.67million14.66million15.64million16.63million17.Turkih59million1858million19.44million20.Polih44million21.Arabic42.5million22.41millionPartⅡA:1.Ababyboy2.ocial,ecological,population3.longer,healthierB:1:b2:c3:aPartⅢA:water,70%,redorbrown,plantcover,now,continent,iland,armoft heocean,connecting,achannel,valley,plain.B:in1950:NewYork,12millionLondon:2,10millionCalcutta:10,Tokyo:3tepbytep3000第一册答案原文In2000:NewYork:6Calcutta:4,16millionTokyo:18million1.Me某icoCity2.SaoPaulo3.RiodeJaneiro4.Bombay5.Delhi6.Shanghai7.SeoulPartⅣUnit3A:BA912,11:2022BA87711:2022BA29211:2519TW69511:30164EA83111:3524BA8389IB29011:3515LH03911:409BA66611:4018AI1416BA56022B:Drink:TeaSoftdrinkCoffeeFood:Eggandtomato;Hamandtomato;Roatchicken;Cheeeburger PartⅡ9:1510:3010:3013:30Advantage:byplane:Quick/beautifulviewBytrain:quitecrowed/quitee某penivetepbytep3000第一册答案原文PartⅢCuter1cutomer2Sep.4-Sep.17Aug.5-Aug.182dobleand1ingle1doubleand1bigbedroomwith2inglebedandaofa31fullbathroom3(kitchen,diningroom,ittingroom)2(kitchen,living-ittingroom)√某√(i某dayaweek)某￡80foraFieta￡98foraFieta√√￡570￡270B:b;dUnit4PartⅠA1.Argentina:Atieitooperonal(1)2..Roemeanlove(2)3,Evennumber(2.4.6,rtc)areunlucky.(2)4.Japaneepeopleuuallydon’tgivefourofanythingaagift.（2）B1.Japan，Korea2.Brazil,Ruia3.Canada,theU.S4.Egypt,Me某icoC1.February14，European,NorthAmerican2.March2,Japan3.May5,Japan4,May5China5.Augut15China6.April1，European,NorthAmerican7.July14,France8.December26，Britain,Canada9.May1,European,Canal,Philipine,LatinAmerican10November25,France11.March17Irelandtepbytep3000第一册答案原文12．the2ndSundayinMay,England,France,India,ChinaA1:1.changed,few,bored,rainy2.mueumdirector,whattheyareeeing.3.providefun,feelathomeA2:electricity/pa/body17thcenturyintrument/muicputoncotume/theStockholmOperabone-by-boneA3:ⅠnewaudienceA:theyoungC:theleeducatedmemberⅡ:A.rebuiltB.1.modern2.a.lighting,colorandoundb.fewerobjectⅢA:guidedB:touch,liten,operateande某periment;cientificprincipleⅣ.educational;departmentB:danceB:quid;hinameC:C1:a.vendorb.fortunec.eatinga.treetperformerb.portraitpaintingC2:1.a.pecialpower/attractmenb.object/fornakebite2.hell/onacloth/thewaytheyland3.roundcake/beanflour/hotpice/fried4.a.folkinger/guitarb.claicalmuiciantepbytep3000第一册答案原文c.actor5.practicedrawingandpaintingA.A2.1.muchbuier;Monday…Saturday2.humidandhot4.muchcolder,＿30℃5.muchflatter;beautiful6.mountainou7.higher;rocky8.morecrowed9.maller10.tallerB.Getureofapproval:1.ThumbupinFrance,latinAmerican2.Twothumb:Kenya3.Tuniia4.Greece5.Lebanon,Iran6.Tonga7.Italy8.EuropeLatinAmerica9.Me某ico,CotaRica,Japan10.Bolivia,Hondura,Lebanon11.Barbado12.Bangladeh13.Greece,Iran.ItalyPartⅣB:1-g;2-f;3-j;4-I;5-e;6-b;7-h;8-a;9-d;10-cFFTTF。

Unit 1Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types” – the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college oruniversity, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you. Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average” student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average” student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to entergraduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroom Passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from theLibrary, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles.The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospitalin Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: It’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to bethe fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the next century, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to PlacePartⅠABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24 BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.。

Unit 3 Traveling from Place to PlacePart ⅠABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thankyou.Part Ⅱ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining carHave to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.D: Yes, the plane got in at…er…10:30 and we left at 9:15.C: What time didi you have to start though in the morning?D: Well, that…er…that wa a different story, because I had to get to Victoria…um…at…you know, to get to Gatwick and it’s…er…from…er…Victoria to Gatwick three quarters of an hour. Then I had to leave home at 7:30 and get up at 6:30.C: Oh, gracious me!D: So I’m not sure if you save much really.C: Jet travel, my goodness me! It was worth the experience, though?D: Oh, I mean, you know, I’ve never flown across the south of England and it really looked absolutely fantastic, especially as we approach…approached Plymouth, you know, with this sunshine and it looked really marvelous…marvelous.C: Well, when you come up next time, would you be coming the same way?D: Oh, t don’t think so. I don’t…to be honest…hallo, isn’t that…Annabel!C: Oh it is. It’s Annabel!D: Over here, over here!A: Hallo!C: Nice to see you, my dear.A: Hallo there, how are you?C: Want a drink, my dear?A: Yes, please.C: Right, I’ll..er…fix them. You had a good journey?A: Yes, I had a lovely time, I came by train…er…it was…er…C: What time did you start then?A: Oh, about 10:30 I think. Got here about 1:30. so it’s only…what …three hours. Very quick. C: Very good. Douglas came up by plane!A: Oh, how fancy! Well, this was …er…this was a nice train, you know, very modern and comfortable. And of course loads of trans-about every hour I think.C: Oh, great. Did you get something to eat on the train?A: Yes thanks, yes. Had a nice lunch. Oh, it’s wonderful, you can sit there drinking your soup and watching the view go by. I like it…D: I bet it’s a …it’s a hell of a lot of cheaper than the plane.A: Well, actually, I thought it was quite expensive…um…unless you’ve got, you know, a student card or something.D: Oh, those days are long gone!A: But it was quite…quite…crowded. I was…I was glad I’d booked a seat, you know.D: Yes, yesPart Ⅲ ASep.4-sep.17/aug.5-aug.182double and 1single/1double and 1 big bedroom with 2single beds and a sofa 3/1full bathroom3 (kitchen, dining room, sitting-room)/2kitchen, living-sitting room √/×√(six days a week)/×￡80 for a fiesta/ ￡98 for a fiesta √/√￡570/￡270B b. terrace/ sea view d. swimming-poolConversation 1T- Travel agent C1-customer 1 (Telephone ringing)T: Hello, villa rentals, can t help you?C1: Oh, hello. I do hope so. You see my husband and I are looking for a holiday villa and we’ve heard that you have some nice places in Italy, Iniscia.T: Oh yes, madam. We’ve got several villas on offer in Iniscia. How many people would there be in your party?C1: Well, it’s just the family. You know, my husband and …the three children.T: A party of five then, yes. And er…when would you want to be there?C1: When? Erm… oh well, it would have to be in September.T: In September. Uh-huh.and for how many weeks?C1: For two actually, the first two in September.T: The first two in September. Oh, well, we’ve only got one place free then, madam. Oh, but it’s a very beautiful one, the villa Delmonti. C1: And it’s nice, is it?T: Oh, it’s an absolute dream, madam. It’s set on a hilltop with a big garden and beautiful view out over the sea towards Naples. C1: It sounds as if you’ve been there.T: Yes, for a couple of days last October on an inspection tour. And I fell in love with it at first sight. C1: Er, how many rooms has it got?T: Well, on the ground floor there are two double bedrooms, both of them beautifully decorated, a single bedroom and all three have their own bathroom and toilet facilities.Then still on the ground floor there’s a large kitchen, a large dining room and a very big outside terrace. And then upstairs it’s got a very large sitting-room with windows all around and a back garden with a big swimming pool.C1: Mm, it dose sound nice, yes. There is a maid or cleaner or something, is there?T: Oh, yes, madam, six days a week.C1: Oh, well, I dare say we can manage for the seventh. Em… what about distances? Is it far from the town and all that? Do you think we’d need a car?T: Actually we do normally advise people to hire a car.C1: And how much would a smallish car cost?T: Oh well for a …C1: You know, for a metro or a Renault five or a ford fiesta, nothing grand.T: Ah, for a fiesta, it would be about ￡80 a week.C1: And for the house for those two weeks?T: For the period of September 4th till the 17th inclusive, it would cost, mm, you’re fivepeople, let me see, um, ￡570 per person for the two weeks, including the return airfare. C1: Mm, well, it would be worse. Yes well, I’d really like to see some photographs of this place or something. Can you arrange that?T: Oh, of course, madam. We’ve got a video of it, so any time you care to come in, you could see it.C1: Oh, right. I’ll be in this afternoon. Thank you for your help.T: Don’t mention it, Madam. I’ll look forward to seeing you.C1: Good-bye. T: Bye.Conversation 2T- Travel agent C2-customer 2(Telephone ringing)T: Hello, villa rentals. Can I help you?C2: Oh, hello. Em…I…I…I’m just calling because I’ve, er…I’ve just seen your advert about apartments and villas for rent. And erm…what …could you tell me more about them please? T: Of course, madam. But could you tell me something about what you’re looking for?And…where’d you like to go? How many bedrooms you would need and so on ?C2: Ah, yes, well, erm. There’ll be the five of us. I mean, er, my husband and I and the two kids and my mother because she lost dad last year and it’s her first year without.T: Fine, I see. And would you want a house or an apartment?C2: Well, we’d like a house of course, if we can afford one, but I…T: And whereabouts? Did you have any particular place in mind?C2: Well, we wanted the Mediterranean, like Spain. Actually we thought of Minorca.T: Well, we’ve got some lovely places in Minorca, madam. C2: Oh!T: For five you said? C2: Uh-huh.T: And when would you want to be there?C2: Well, it would have to be in august because we are both off work then and it’s the school holidays, too. T: Well, how about this?C2: Uh-huh? T: Minorca, adia. Oh, that’s a beautiful place. C2: Oh.T: A little fishing village. A house for five for two weeks in august from august 5th to august 18th inclusive (uh-huh) per person, ￡270 including return flight from Gatwick.C2: Oh! Well, that’s not bad. Ho…how many rooms has it got?T: One double bedroom, then a big bedroom with two single beds and a sofa, you know, a convertible divan downstairs, full bathroom, kitchen and a large living-sitting room, anda beautiful terrace with a sea view.C2: Oh! Have you got any photographs of it?T: Yes! Actually we’ve got a video of it. So if you’d like to come into the agency…C2: Yes, I would. In fact I’ll drop in this afternoon. Mm, when are you open until?T: We close at eight tonight, madam.C2: Right. I’ll be in about six, I expect. Oh, um, just one more thing. To hire a car on the island, how much would it cost, you know, for…for a smallish one?T: Well, for a fiesta. It would cost you ￡98 a week.C2: Phew! Well, it’s probably worth it if you’re five. Well, I’ll… I’ll be in this afternoon then. Er, see you then. Er, bye-bye. Oh, and er, thanks.T: Not at all, madam. Bye.。

Unit 1Part 1A:1.Oxford, commitment, academic record.2.oldest, largest, reputation, research, science.3.first, Australia, 150 years, excels.4.excellence, 17.000, locationrgest, 1883, situated, 26.0006.1636, enrollment, 18.500, schools.7.awards, degrees, 20.0008.located, 135, thirdB:1: 2.700 languages, 7.000 dialects. Pronunciation.2: official language3: One billion, 20 percent4: Four hundred million, first, 600 million, second, foreign. 5: 500.000 words. Eighty percent. other.6: Eighty percent, computers.7: African country, same8: 1.000, Africa9: spaceship, 1977, 55, message, the United Nations.C:1-a, 2-c, 3-d, 4-bPart 2A25 11 166 11/14 165 11; 12/13 166 about 13 16A31: GCSE examinations2: students/ higher education3: student/ second year/ high school/ college4: general exam/ School Certificate5: sitting University Entrance Examination6: bachelor’s degree: 3/4 yearsMaster’s degree: another year or twoDoctorate: a further 3-7 yearsB:B1: Idioms, largest vocabularyFrenchIn Spelling￡pronunciationB2: FTFPartⅢA1:ⅠA: AgeD Foreign student populationⅡA: 2: 15 hrs (＋2 or 3 for lab)3: a: ＋100b: Discussion group 15-20c: much smaller4: informal, friendly6: 2-3 hrs: 1 hrA2:ⅡB: 2: Examination4: QuizzesC: regular attendanceⅢGraduate schoolC: SeminarsD: some area of interestE: a research paperB:B2:A good student: make mistakes, every new thing, the language. Working outside the classroom.A bad student: Passive, the teacher. Stick his neck out, more likely to be right than himself.PartⅣA:1 gate2 the History Department3 the Psychology Department4 he Library5 the Education Department6 the Philosophy Department7 the Geography Department8 the Sports Ground 9 the Foreign Language Department10 the Chinese Department 11 the Physics Department12 the Mathematics Department 13 the Chemistry Department14 the Clinic 15 the Auditorium16 the Administration BuildingB:Robert MartinBiology, next fall, six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school; high school in the hometown.Science( biology in particular), sports.Unit 2PartⅠ16.998.00064.186.300840.0001.000.0003.320.000143.24432.4832.966.0005.105.70029.028ˉ1.3125.31536.1984.145B1.243.738.000955.220.000267.901.000199.867.000159.884.000147.105.000138.150.000125.638.000122.013.000118.369.00096.400.00082.071.000C1 .Chinese 1.300 million2. Spanish 332 million3. English 322 million4. 189 million5. 182 million6 170 million7. Russian 170 million8 Japanese 125 million9 Germon 98 million10. 75.5 million11. Korean 75 million12. French. 72 million13. Vietnamese. 67 million14. 66 million15. 64 million16. 63 million17. Turkish 59 million18 58 million19. 44 million20. Polish 44 million21. Arabic 42.5 million22. 41 millionPart ⅡA:1. A baby boy2. social, ecological, populations3.longer, healthierB:1: b 2:c 3:aPart ⅢA: water, 70%, red or brown, plant cover, snow, continents, islands, arms of the ocean, connecting, a channel, valleys, plains.B: in 1950:New York, 12 millionLondon: 2, 10 millionCalcutta: 10,Tokyo: 3In 2000:New York: 6Calcutta: 4, 16millionTokyo: 18 million1.Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4.Bombay5.Delhi6.Shanghai7.SeoulPartⅣSkills, the main idea, what, recognize, central, important, direction, purpose, inform, compare, answer, stated, a topic sentence, first, details, difficult, persuade, end, implied, hinted at, a whole.Unit 3A: BA912, 11:20 17BA877 11:20 14BA292 11:25 19TW695 11:30 164EA831 11:35 24BA838 9IB290 11:35 15LH039 11:40 9BA666 11:40 18AI 141 6BA560 22B:Drinks: Tea Soft drinks CoffeeFood: Egg and tomato; Ham and tomato; Roast chicken ; CheeseburgersPartⅡ9:15 10:3010:30 13:30Advantages: by plane: Quick/beautiful viewBy train: frequent service (hourly)/modern/ comfortable/ lovely view from dining car Disadvantages: by plane: have to get Gatwick Airport/ expensiveBy train: quite crowed/ quite expensivePartⅢCuster 1 customer 2Sep. 4-Sep. 17 Aug.5- Aug.182 doble and 1 single 1 double and 1 big bedroom with 2 singlebeds and a sofa3 1 full bathroom3( kitchen, dining room, sitting room) 2(kitchen, living-sitting room) √×√( six days a week) ×￡80 for a Fiesta ￡98 for a Fiesta√√￡570 ￡270B: b; dUnit 4Part ⅠA1.Argentina: A tie is too personal(1)2. . Roses mean love(2)3, Even numbers(2.4.6,rtc ) are unlucky.(2)4. Jap anese people usually don’t give four of anything as a gift.（2）B1.Japan，Korea2.Brazil, Russia3.Canada, the U.S4.Egypt, MexicoC1. February 14 ，European, North American2. March 2, Japan3. May 5, Japan4, May 5 China5. August 15 China6. April 1，European, North American7. July 14, France8. December 26，Britain, Canada9. May 1, European, Canal, Philipine, Latin American10 November 25, France11. March 17 Ireland12．the 2nd Sunday in May, England, France, India, ChinaPart ⅡA1: 1. changed, few, bored, rainy2.museum directors, what they are seeing.3.provide fun, feel at homeA2: electricity/pass/body17th century instruments/musicput on costumes/ the Stockholm Operabone-by-boneA3:Ⅰnew audiencesA: the youngC: the less educated membersⅡ: A. rebuiltB. 1. modern2. a. lighting, color and soundb. fewer objectsⅢA: guidedB: touch, listen, operate and experiment; scientific principles Ⅳ. educational; departmentA: filmB: danceB:squid; his nameC:C1: a. vendorsb. fortunec. eatinga.street performersb.portrait paintingC2: 1.a. special powers/ attract menb. objects/ for snake bites2. shells/ on a cloth/ the way they land3. round cakes/ bean flour/hot spices/ fried4. a. folk singers/ guitarsb. classical musiciansc. actors5. practice drawing and paintingPart ⅢA. A2. 1. much busier; Monday …Saturday2. humid and hot4. much colder, ＿30℃5. much flatter; beautiful6. mountainous7. higher; rocky8. more crowed9. smaller10. tallerB.Gestures of approval:1.Thumbs up in France, latin American2.Two thumbs: Kenya3.Tunisia4.Greece5.Lebanon, Iran6.Tonga7.Italy8.Europe Latin America9.Mexico, Costa Rica, Japan10.Bolivia, Honduras, Lebanon11.Barbados12.Bangladesh13.Greece, Iran. ItalyPart ⅣB: 1-g; 2-f; 3-j; 4-I; 5-e; 6-b; 7-h; 8-a; 9-d; 10-c FFTTFUnit 5Part IA]1.Octorber 1969 / first email message2.March 1972 / addresses3.February 1976 / head of state4.fall 1976 / Jimmy Carter / US $45.September 1983 / higher education / accounts6.December 1994 / erase / destroy7.December 1998B:One feature of the information superhigha is that the traffic travles fast, and techies use their own special shorthand to keep mesages zooming along. Today we’l help you decode tach talk by answering soome not so frequently asked questions about abbreviations on the Internet.What does it mean when a message includes the letters AISI or IMHO? AISI stands for “as I see it” and IMHO is shorthand for “in my humble opinion”.Some modest folks will also add FWIW before sharing their opinion, which stand for “for what it’s worth”. Others express their disapproval with the letters CMIIW. That is “correct me if I’m wrong”The lsit of commonly abbreviated phrases on teh Net is neaerly endless. As a matter of fact, AAMOF stands for “as a matter of fact” and “believe it or not” gets posted as BION.Are there any pre-Information-Age abbreviations still making tteh rounds in this high-tech era? You bet. The old stadnbys FYI, MYOB, and SOP which stand for “for your information”, “mind your own business,”and “standard operating procedure”are still frequently used today even in email.Since time is getting short, ahs the Net given us truly short and clear ways to say good-bye? Try TAFN (That’s all for now) and BCNU (be seein’ you).C:1.Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to thefoundation of the World Wide Web2.In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive version ofemail.3.in 1990 Tim Berners-Lee wrote programs which from the basis of the World WideWeb4.in 1991 his programs were placed on the Internet.5.between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000.6.right now the world is focused on e-commerce.7.The invention for the web brings rapid rewards to people wit imagination and newideas.Part IIA1Connected / system / connection / work together / stations / peopleA2Connection of railroads or other vehiclesConnected system of radio stationsSystem linking a number of computers together.原文：Few things in this world change as fast as languages. Every day, new words arecreated to deal with new ideas or new technologies. New meanging also are added to exisitng words. A dictionary published years ago may show one or two meanign for a word; a dictionary published today may list several more meaning for the same word. Network is one such word. It combines two words. The first is “net”, it means materials that are connected; the second is “work”. One meaning of “work”is a system. Network means a connection of systems that work together. The systems that networks connect can be very different. For example ,radio and television stations can be connected in the network, so can computers and even people.Word expert Milford Matthew found written uses of the word “network” in the late 1980s. The word then was used as a verb, a word that show action. At that time network meant the connection of railroads or other vehicles used for travel. One publication said it is only a question of time when the railroads will network an area of the American west called the “Pan Handle”. Another publication of the time said complete areas are networked by trolley cars , which are a kind of electric train.Now we often hear network used in connections with broadcasting. The Barnhart Dictionary of New English says that as early as 1914, people used it to mean a connected system of radio stations. This meaning continues to be popular. A more modern use of the word “network” is linked to computers. A network is a system that links a number of computers together. Networks make it possible for people who use computers to share information in costly equipment. Many companies and government agencies share the same computer network. The computers are linked through a main computer or through special lines. Some people are able to do their jobs from their home computers.Computers networks also permit an exchange of unofficial information and discussion between computer users. By linking their computers to telephones, people can buy goods through their computers. They can send messages to friends in many countries.Another modern use of the word “network”concerns relations between people. Ideas and information are exchanged by people who network to share interests and goals. Many Americans network to get better jobs or to meet new friends. Meeting new friends by networking is not work though is fun.BB1b. Getting assignments and research papersc.Attending professors’“virtual office hours”d.Course lectures.Entertainment b. online gamesCommunications b. toll-free phone callse-commerce orders.原文:The proposed merger of America Online and Time Warner anticipates an age when high-speed Internet access is everything. It will be pipeline for almost all the entertainment, communications and information that people consume.It is an era so distant to most Americans that they can hardly envious it. And yet is already exists. In fact, it is the only world that today’s college students know. Colleges across the United Sates have spent hundreds of millions of dollars in recent years wiring dormitories for high-speed Internet access.When admissions people go out and talk to students these days, the students always asks, “Do you have a high-speed network?”indeed, fro today’s students, having high-speed Internet access is a top priority. They base their housing decisions on it, and restructure their meager student budgets to afford it.College administrators acknowledge that academic pursuits are just a fraction of the activity on their campus networks. The bulk of the traffic consists of data containing music files, instant messages, toll-free phones calls, e-commerce orders, online games and just about anything.Ata a high-rise dorm at the University of Southern California, walking down the hallway on the eighth floor almost any time of dya, you’re likely to hear students in separate rooms shouting at each other --- “You killed me!” as they mow each other down in online games played over the network. Friends from opposite ends of the floor simultaneously make for the elevators. The y’ve just messaged each other by computer that it’s time to head off to the dining commons. To them, knocking on someone’s door is an antiquated 20th century tradition.T oday’s students register for classes, get their homework assignments, research papers and attend professors’“virtual office hours” online. Some universities even post course lectures on the Net, so that students can review them any time they wish.Just as one the students put it “We live our lives over the Internet.”Part IIIA1.The desktop into our everyday life.2.Experimenting anarchy3.Disappear4.EconmoniesA: we’re gonna take a closer look tonight again at the future of the Internet. Not that we have anything but the vaguest idea where it’s going in the long run. One of the truly fascinating and somewhat unsettling aspects of the Internet revolution is how many technologists and scientists say that the future may hold any number of surprises. So we’re going to inch our way into the future.P: At the Internet World Trade Show in New York, they see a future when the web iseverywhere.St: Technology is moving from the desktop into our everyday life.P: Imagine work, society, economics, relationships, all transformed, when anyone, anytime can get any message or knowledge or amusement they want, anywhere on the planet without so much as a wire.S2: in many ways, the Internet is the world’s largest experimenting anarchy, because all of a sudden, the citizens of the world are in charge, and no single government or governing body is in charge of what they do.P: Keep in mind that the web, transmitting by satellites, cellphone, cable, goes through no one central location that anyone controls. So many of the boundaries that exist today, political and economic, will be strained as never before. Some scientists say three quarters of the wor ld’s languages will disappear as the net connects isolated places. Already English is what you find on most web pages, blending cultures, no matter how much people try to save them. Economies are changing too. As distance becomes meaningless, white-collar clerical, accounting or administrative jobs are being exported to Asia, just as blue-collar factory jobs were years ago.S3: Imagine, there are 40 or 50 million Indians, not to mention the Chinese, who could deliver office work to the rich countries of the world for two dollars an hour. P: So this massive web of information is both an asset and a threat, changing cultures, economies, and governments, in ways no one can imagine or control.BB1Person to person / real many more real / friends1.Relatives 1. Careers2. 2. Medical cries3.Neighbors4.Colleagues5.By phone 4. Choosing a school or collegeTher e’s a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada who has come up witha term to describe the way a lot of us North Americans interact these days. Andnow a big research study confirms it.Barry Wellman’s term is “network individualism”. It’s not the easiest concept to grasp. In fact, the words seems to contradict each other. How can we be individualistic and networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.Her e’s what he means. Until the Internet and email came along, our social networks involved flesh-and-blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues at work. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.But the latest study by the Pew Int4rnet and American Life Project confirmsthat for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange. A lot of folks Pew talked with say that’s a good thing, because of concerns that the Internet was turning us into hermits who shut out other people in favor of a make-believe world on flickering computer screens.To the contrary, the Pew study discovered. The Internet has put us in touch with many more real people than we’d have ever imagined. Helpful people, too. We’re turning to an ever-growing list of cyber friends for advice on career, medical crises, child-rearing, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important or critical role in helping them deal with major life decisions.So we networked individuals are pretty tricky: We’re keeping more to ourselves, while at the same reaching out to more people, all with just the click of a computer mouse.Part IVDaily communication / broadcast programs / in print / listeningFailure / digit / losses / ignoreRead / Intensive training / regularCommas / sensitivity to numbersUnit 6Part IA:1.Paris3.19324.Berlin6. Tokyo7. 19721—d 2---a 3----g 4----b 5----f 6----e 7-----c听力原文Women competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900.In 1924, the first Winter Games were held in Chamois.In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate athletes in Los Angeles. In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time.The 1956 Olympic in Melbourne were the first Olympic Games to be held in the southern hemisphere.Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic opening ceremony.B.BaseballWatch games on television or listen on the radio American footballPlay the sport soccer听力原文：What is the most popular sport in the United States? That might be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words “most popular”.One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watch it played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games on television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play the sport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.C1—d 2--- h 3---a 4---e 5---i6---c 7---g 8--- b 9---j 10---f听力原文：Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes ----- and up ---- and down ---- and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knee as high as you can. Hold your leg with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee ------ up ---- pull towards you -----and down. Move your feet further apart, bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest. Now push your elbows back ------ keep your head up! And relax…. Feet together, and put your hands on your hips. Now bend your knees and stretch your arms out in front of you. Hold that position ---- now up. Stretch your arms out to the sides at shoulders height, palms up. Rotate your arms in small circles --- that’s right ---- and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. OK ---- if we’re all warmed up now, let’s begin!Part IIAa.friendly / warm / affectionateb.drunk / aggressive / scream / shout / push people around / smash glasses /monsters2.He finds it difficult to understand why normal, nice people behave so badly atfootball matches.3.enjoy themselves / no aggressive or violence4.rugby / tennis5.They sit there silently throughout.听力原文：M: I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people, and live near a football ground. Tottenham, and on Saturday I avoid them, because they come back from the match about 6 o’clock, 7 o’clock, drunk, aggressive --- they scream, they shout, and ….. After the World Cup Fi-, after the World Cup when England got knocked out. I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, and I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don’t understand, I really don’t understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters.Section 2JE: but do you think that’s so of a lot of football fans? I mean, I’ve heard other people say they’ve gone to football matches and there’s been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all, and people have been…. Sat there, you know, quite happily, opposing teams next to each other.J: Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news. What happens when British fans go to Europe? There’s always trouble, isn’t there ?M: Well, but it’s, it’s not ….it’s…In Brazil, for example, where I’ve also been to football matches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there’s no aggression or violence, or …ther e’s nothing like that. It seems peculiarly, it seems particular to England and a few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to show their most violent, aggressive natures.Section 3A: But perhaps it’s just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.J: But large crowds go to other kinds of matches ---- go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch tennis…M: Go to pop concerts…J: If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.A: Yes, but it’s interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where everybody’s seated…..BI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common people of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have on inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn’t know from concrete examples (1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests led to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, its it possibleto play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe ---- at any rate for short periods --- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.Part IIIA1.since 19882.in 20013.in 19844.in 19605.by 2004B:1.wheelchair tennis and basketball2. a. teach all kinds of sports to disabled peopleb. for the Paralympics3. the ability to move his legs4. his body and mind again5. a. wireless earphonesb. visual interpreters听力原文：The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympics Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympics Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England.A doctor named Lowing Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years late, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympics Games in Athens has almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.BThe Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympics Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympics Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England.A doctor named Ludwing Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years late, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympics Games in Athens has almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.Athletes may have physical or mental limitations; they may be blind or in wheelchairs. Yet sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities. Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there more than 100 professional teams playing wheelchair basketball.Special wheelchairs for athletes are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, there is a Power Wheelchair Racing Association.In the State of Utah there is a place called the National Ability Center. It teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and metal disabilities. It even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A report from The Washington Post wanted to know what it could be like for a blind person to use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety-line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and started to feel for places to put his hands and feet. Trainers on the ground urged him on: “Take your time. You can do it.”Finally he reached the top.At the National Ability Center people can learn to ride horses and mountain bikes. They can try winter mountain sports, and learn scuba diving and other water activities. The center also prepares athletes for the Paralympics.For disabled people intered in yoga, there special stretching exercises. Mattew Sanford knows about these. He has been in a wheelchair ever since a car accident when he lost the ability to move his legs. He was thirteen years old at the time. That was almost thirty years ago.Mattew Sanford says he has had two lives: one before he was thirteen and the other after. He had to learn to live with a new reality. For many years, he was told to build up the strength in his arms and forget about his legs.But he says yoga enabled him to reconnect with thirteen-year-cold boy who lived his body. He says the exercises and special breathing of yoga let him connect his body and mind again.Now Matthew Sanford teaches yoga at his studio in the State of Minnesota. He also travels to talk to people about living with a disability. He says feeling connected to our body is a powerful part of living ---- whether we have a disability or not. Today there are more and more choices of entertainment for people with disabilities. Theaters may offer wireless earphones to make the sound louder for people with limited hearing. Some provide a visual interpreter to describe a performance or a play for a person who is blind or has limited sight.And some movie theaters offer a new device celled MoPix, for Motion Picture Access. For a person unable to see the movie, it provides a spoken description of what is happening.。