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一、会议准备一会议资料准备1、初步调研在确定本队所要模拟的国家之后;就可以开始正式准备会议所用的实质性数据了;首先就是要通过报刊、书籍、网络资源获取一个国家对某一个问题的立场观点..联合国网站和模拟国家政府的官方网站最为重要;因为在这些网站上不仅可以了解到该国家对某一问题的原则立场;而且可以查阅到该国的发言、表态和投票记录..通过研究这些数据;可以了解该国的最新表态;掌握其政策沿革和变化的过程;从而更好的模仿该国的立场..若要了解该国对重大国际问题的基本看法;还可以阅读该国家领导人在最近的联合国大会上的发言..初步调研主要有以下几个方面的内容：1了解议题相关背景其主要目的是要了解相关议题的背景情况;掌握模拟联合国会议所要讨论问题的来龙去脉;最新情况和发展趋势..深入的了解有利于形成针对性的意见和建议;从而在会议中占据主导地位..2了解议事规则要学会运用规则和技巧;利用议事规则中关于发言时间限制、休会、终止辩论、结束辩论等相关规定;这样才能在会议的讨论过程中保持主动..3了解联合国的相关各个机构主要了解相关各机构的职能与作用;以便更好地利用各机构的职权进行决策讨论;解决冲突和问题..2、实质性调研1模拟国家的情况调研①立场调研—该国在某一国际问题是那个所持的观点、立场;是整个模拟联合国会议的核心内容..②国情调研—掌握一国的基本国情有助于更好的理解该国在某一国际问题上的基本立场;基本国情包括历史、地理、人口、风俗习惯、自然资源、政治经济情况、对外关系等..③其它情况—简单了解该国在联合国会议上的发言风格、语气和技巧;对相关议题的关注程度等..发展中国家与发达国家所关注的问题通常是不同的..2相关其它国家情况的调研国际会议中;不仅要了解自己的关切和所持的立场;还有要了解其它国家的立场;只有这样;才能更好的形成自己国家的立场和观点;同时可以更加有利于结盟游说形成同盟;为会议的成功奠定基础..了解国家情况;不仅仅是局限于国与国之间的政治关系;还有民族;宗教;文化;历史;经济上的联系等等..同时;国际关系是时刻都在变化中;在这个过程中;所要了解的国家也要有所侧重;重点了解在某一观点上;主要大国及主要支持国和反对国的立场..3国际形势调研任何国际问题都是在某种国际形势下产生的;受到当时国际格局的影响..各国的立场也随着国际格局的变化而变化;因此;与会代表应当及时关注国际形势发展状况;以及各国的立场原则;做到知识储备丰富..3、确定与会立场1确定与会基本方针会议之前;一定要先了解此次会议的目的;该次会议可能达到的成果和与本国利益相关的利害关系..在模拟联合国会议中;代表队的重要目标之一是在某一国际问题上;通过谈判、磋商和妥协等手段;协调其它国家的立场;力图在这一问题上通过对本国有力的决议或阻止有关决议中出现不利于己的内容..为做到这一点;事先确定与会方针是非常重要的..2拟定谈判策略谈判策略有多种形式;在模拟联合国会议中要灵活使用;适时调整..有的国家习惯采用主动进取型策略;在谈判中先声夺人;声东击西；有的国家则往往采取低姿态;习惯悄悄搞外交..3确定政策底线对于某个问题;各方的立场开始时往往相距甚远..为缩小分歧;各方就会在磋商中寻找立场的最大公约数;在不断要求对方让步时自己也作出相应的松动..但是;各国的立场松动都有一个限度;超出这个限度;就不能达到扞卫本国利益的目的..如果最后的文件内容超出了本国的政策底线;就要勇于投反对票..4寻找结盟对象一个国家通常会有盟友和敌人;掌握一国在相关问题上的基本立场;了解该国与其它国家的双边关系等;对于在会议中协调立场;组成联盟很有帮助..二会议现场准备1、设备准备——笔记本电脑;U 盘..2、服装准备——白色衬衣;黑色西服;西裤;黑色皮鞋..3、会场准备——所有代表要佩戴代表证..二、会议流程与规则一正式辩论1、点名主席助理将按照国家字母顺序依次点出国家名;被点到的国家举起国家牌;并回答“到”..完成“点名”后;主席助理将计算简单多数、绝对多数和百分之二十数..简单多数、绝对多数和百分之二十数分别为：1 简单多数：所有出席代表数乘以百分之五十之后加一;并取整；2 绝对多数：所有出席代表数乘以二除以三之后加一;并取整；3百分之二十数：所有出席代表数乘以百分之二十之后加一;并取整..在主席助理点名时未被点到的代表需通过意向条向主席表示已出席会议;主席助理将在当前发言结束后宣布该代表之出席并修改简单多数、绝对多数和百分之二十数..2、确定议题当一个委员会讨论的议题多于一个;代表们必须通过讨论;投票;确定出首先讨论的议题..议题已经确定;代表们讨论的内容只能在这一议题范围内..确定议题阶段;主席分别在赞成首先讨论议题A 和赞成首先讨论议题B 的国家中;随机点出3 名代表进行发言;发言时间为90 秒..6 名代表全部发言完毕之后;将进行投票;投票原则为简单多数;即超过半数..3、发言及让渡时间1产生发言名单A 主席宣布;下面进入国家代表发言阶段;请需要发言的国家举起国家牌..主席会随机点名;点名的顺序即为代表国发言的顺序发言名单会显示在大屏幕上;当代表听到自己国家被点到后;放下国家牌..每个被点到的代表国拥有2 分钟的发言时间..B 如果需要追加发言机会国家名未在发言名单上或已经完成发言;则在发言的间隙向主席团递交意向条要求在发言名单上添加其代表国家;主席会将国家会将该国家名加在发言名单最后..如果代表已经在发言名单上;并且还没有发言;则不能在其发言之前追加发言机会..一旦发言名单上所有国家已发言;并没有任何代表追加发言;会议直接进入会议下一阶段..注意：国家发言并不是单纯的阐述立场文件中的内容..2主席规定两个原则：.未在发言名单上的国家有优先追加发言的权利.已经发言过的国家最多拥有一次追加发言的机会3让渡时间若某代表国的发言时间剩余;可以选择让渡时间;让渡的方式共四种;分别为：①让渡给问题主席请需要发言的国家举牌;并由主席随机点代表对刚才发言的国家进行提问;提问内容必须根据发言者的意思来问发言代表在剩余时间内可以回答任何问题这种让渡方式可以体现发言代表的思辨、反应及口语表达能力..②让渡给他国代表让渡国A 代表和被让渡国B 代表私下协商一致后;B 代表可以在A 代表剩余的时间内发言;B 不能再将时间让渡给其它国家..③让渡给评论主席请需要评论的国家举起国家牌;并随机点出代表进行评论;此时让渡代表无权再次陈述观点或者反驳..④让渡给主席自动放弃剩余时间;主席将继续主持会议..4、问题与动议每位代表发言完毕之后主席都会询问场下有无问题或动议A 每次发言之后只有一次动议或问题的机会..即使提出的动议没有通过也不会在这次发言之后再次询问是否有动议或问题..B 动议或问题的方式：主席询问场下有无问题或动议;如台下有多于一个的国家举国家牌要求问题或动议;主席将随机从中点名;请代表国提出问题或动议..1 问题：①程序性问题即组织性问题当代表认为主席在主持会议过程中产生某种错误时;可提出组织性问题;以纠正主席错误..可以打断进程提出..②咨询性问题当代表对于会议程序有不明白地方时;可以举牌向主席咨询③个人特权问题当代表觉得在会场上个人有任何不适时;可以提出个人特权问题;以求得主席团的帮助和解决2 动议：①动议更改发言时间——如果代表认为发言时间过长或过短;可动议更改发言时间;然后进行投票表决要求代表国投票;50%+1 的国家同意即可以更改即超过半数..②动议中断辩论即动议进入非正式辩论阶段进行核心磋商或者自由磋商;要求代表国投票;50%+1 的国家同意即可..③动议结束辩论——结束辩论动议生效后;进入投票阶段..此议一般在代表认为立场已经得到充分阐述;且决议草案较为完善的情况下提出..代表动议结束辩论;主席会请出1名代表陈述赞成此动议的理由;1位代表陈述反对此动议的理由..然后全体代表进行投票表决 ;2/3以上代表国同意即结束动议..需要提醒的是;希望各位代表通过清晰地观察会场形势和会议进程;提出富有讨论价值的动议..提出动议的过程不应该成为会议时间消耗的主要原因..这也是衡量一位代表是否出色的、一次会议是否成功的重要标准..注：代表有任何问题;或者需要进行游说、沟通;都可以通过传意向条的方式向其他代表或主席表达..会场有工作人员负责传递..二非正式辩论1、有主持的核心磋商在主席的主持下按照主席随机点名的顺序发言..核心内容、总时间、各代表发言的时间都由提出此动议的代表规定;并且需要全体代表投票表决..一旦动议通过;在规定时间内代表发言的顺序与正式辩论中的顺序无关..在这一过程中提出动议的代表及其盟友阐明立场观点;并反驳不合理观点;以获得更多支持..2、自由磋商提出动议的代表要规定总时间;规定时间之内可以离开座位;与盟友们交换意见..非正式辩论阶段代表国之间会形成多个集团;大国要避免独断专行;小国要积极投入此阶段内各代表国应注意决议草案的编写..第一天总时间上限5 分钟;第二天6 分钟三决议草案商讨阶段1、注意事项：1起草决议草案的代表国——发起国;需要征集到与会代表的20%的代表国即附议国的签名;共同起草一份决议草案;才可以向主席团递交决议草案;草案的内容有逐项条款组成..附议国与起草国之间通过意向条进行沟通2 一个代表国只能起草一份决议草案;但是可以签署附议不止一份..3 签署不代表赞同;只是同意讨论..2、决议草案讨论过程：1 决议草案形成并且收集到足够的签署国;同时经过主席团审核主席团有权决定不讨论内容重复、空洞的决议草案..2 草案发起国介绍决议草案的主要内容和意义时间控制在两分钟之内.. 3动议讨论草案:各国投票决定是否同意讨论此份决议草案50%+1 的国家同意即可..4 各代表国对决议草案进行磋商形式与动议环节相同;时间上限为6 分钟..5休会40 分钟;提交修正案;讨论修正案..注意：1修正案将对决议草案的个别条款进行删改;增减等..2决议草案将按照编号逐份讨论;逐份投票..编号按提交顺序制定注：决议草案讨论结束之后会有40 分钟的休息时间;在休息时间结束之前;所有需要上交修正案的国家要将修正案交至大会秘书处..3、修正案讨论步骤：1 讨论决议草案的过程中有修正案的生成..2收集到足够的签署国20%的国家以上..3修正案发起国介绍修正案原起草国不能签署修正案;附议国可以..原起草国可以签署其他国家起草的决议草案的修正案..时间控制在一分钟之内4、主席询问决议草案的的起草国是否都同意..决议草案发起国同意该修正案——友好修正案决议草案发起国不同意该修正案——非友好修正案友好修正案——不需要讨论;直接加入决议草案..非友好修正案：1新的发言名单将被建立;主席将分别请赞同和反对的国家举牌;主席点名2 个支持;2 个反对发言..代表发言时间为一分半钟2非修正案的讨论结束之后;大会进行修正案表决;如果至少2/3 的代表国同意则此修正案会正式引入成为决议草案的一部分..四投票表决1、先确定决议草案的表决顺序..动议更改表决顺序2、主席建议进行点名投票;国家动议进行点名投票..50%+1 的国家同意即可2、一个支持和一个反对某一个决议草案的国家各自进行陈述..时间限制60 秒3、主席点国家名;代表回答“是”;“否”或“弃权”..投票结束之后;主席会询问是否需要更改投票;确认现场投票无误之后;现场2/3 以上的代表国同意即决议草案通过..注：一份决议草案通过后;会议自动结束;其他决议草案将不再讨论..主席团审核起草国介绍决议草案内容主席团询问有无动议或问题先解决无有组织的核心磋商自由磋商是否还有决议草案未讨论是否休息十分钟各国代表提交修正案主席询问决议草案的起草国是否都同意友好修正案及非友好修正案建立发言名单支持和反对的国家分别发言对修正案进行投票通过的修正案添加到决议草案中提交决议草案修正案的起草国介绍修正案三、规则表决说明规则表决说明个人特权问题无需表决随时提出;当代表感觉在会议中有所不适时;组织性问题无需表决随时提出;当发言本身不符合程序时可打断;咨询性问题无需表决;仅在发言权处于开放状态下允许对规则提问..四、文件写作指导一立场文件1、定义与功能：立场文件是表达某个国家或组织在某个特定议题上的立场概要的文件..它在会议进行前就需要提交;以供代表互相了解立场;更有针对性地准备会议..在会议中;它也可作为代表正式发言的主要的参照材料..2、写作指导：●一般来讲;立场文件分为四个段落比较合理;分别为基本立场、国际行动、国内行动、解决方案..采取这样的“四段式”文章结构;能够使立场文件观点明确、内容全面、环环相扣、逻辑清楚..●需要注意的是;立场文件没有固定的内容要求;以上只是推荐一种最为常用的写作立场文件的形式..无论形式如何;立场文件的核心都是要完整、清晰、明确地表达出本国在某一特定议题中的立场..此外;立场文件没有必要一定分成四个段落;如果其中某一部分的内容较多;可以分成两个段落来写;每一个段落五至六个句子最佳..二决议草案1、定义与功能：决议草案是“决议案”的草案;一旦通过即成为合法的国际条例或约定;各会员国或当事国必须执行或受此影响;因此决议草案具有非常重要的地位..决议草案是基于“工作文件”的文件;是对工作文件在格式上和内容上的加工和完善..需2/3多数才可以通过..2、要素：A. 起草国：即参与撰写该决议草案的国家..可以由一国或多国组成一国一旦成为一份决议草案的起草国;不可起草或附议其它决议草案..B. 附议国：即同意讨论该决议草案的非起草国..起草国和附议国的总数不得低于与会国总数的20％附议国可以附议多份决议草案..3、主席团审批：起草国在上交决议草案前请确保格式和语法的正确无误..主席团有权拒绝内容大量重复或者过于空洞的决议草案..4、写作要求：A. 决议草案正文分为2个部分：“序言性条款＋行动性条款”B.序言性条款主要阐述该问题基本情况和影响;阐明问题的重要性和解决的必要性;回顾国际社会已经做出的行动;界定必要的概念..C.行动性条款主要列举具体举措建议每一个举措一句话D. 要有逻辑顺序内在逻辑顺序以1;2;3；A;B;C；a;b;c ..分清主次E. 最后条款以句号结尾三修正案1、定义与功能：当一份决议草案被提交后;如果某国或某利益集团认为该草案未能维护其利益;或未能解决其问题时;可撰写修正案;希望将补充或修改条款补充进决议草案..实际上;一份修正案就是一份对于决议草案的“修改补充清单”..修正案可以让某国或某利益集团的某些利益得到体现;是争取利益的重要手段和途径..2、要素：A.起草国：即参与撰写该修正案的国家..可以由一国或多国组成..B.附议国：即同意讨论该修正案的非起草国..起草国和附议国的总数不得低于与会国总数的20％..3、主席团审批：起草国在上交修正案前请确保格式、语法正确无误..主席团有权拒绝不合规范的修正案..4、写作要求：A. 请用清晰的语言表示需要修改的内容..如“删除..”;“增加..”;等等..B. 修改序言性条款及行动性条款时具体条款格式遵从决议草案要求..。
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】Distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, thanks for giving me the privilege to be the firs t speaker. I cannot begin today’s speech without reflecting on the criminal challenge so brutally thrown in our faces 28 days ago and on the severe threat of the Kilo virus to Germany and to the whole world.尊敬的代表，女士们先生们，非常感谢得此机会成为第一位讲者。
在开始今天的讲话之前，我无法不回想起28天前我们所遭遇的暴行，更不得不香气Kilo病毒对德国乃至对全世界的严重威胁。
Today, 1167 Germans are dead or dying; infected people are estimated to be more than half a million.Today, the whole Germany has fallen into the desperation of fighting against the virus.Today is the 28th day after the Braunschweig crisis.今天，1167为德国公民丧命或病危，染病人数预估超过超过50万。
今天，全德国已经陷入对抗疾病的境遇。
今天，是布伦瑞克遇袭的28天之后。
Twenty-eight days ago, more than 500 terrorists attacked Brauschweig. 37 policemen and 51 citizens died in this riot; thousands of people were wounded; buildings were burnt down; and the city was packed with tears, sadness and sorrows. Thanks to the brave men and women, it was their dedication and sacrifices that defended against the attack and protected the city. However, the situation became even worse after the attack. On that day, the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research also fell into ruins. Important experiments were disturbed and valuable documents were damaged. In the center, one of the most significant experiments was to modify the RNA sequence of the Kilo virus, which was designed to produce the vaccine. Nevertheless, our first experiment failed. What we got was merely a virus with longer incubation (5 days) and more aggressive behaviors of the patients.What’s worse, receptors of the new Kilo virus, namely 3 chimpanzees, which were supposed to be killed on the crisis day, disappeared in the fire. 35% of the research materials were burnt. It was believed that it was these chimpanzees that spread the virus to wounded citizens via blood. Since the Kilo carrier behaved absolutely normal during the incubation period, it was too late when we realized the situation and took corresponding measures.28天前，逾500名恐怖分子袭击了布伦瑞克，37名警员及51位市民在暴动中丧命，数千名民众受伤，建筑物被烧毁：整个城市都充斥着泪水与悲伤。
模拟联合国第一篇：模拟联合国东北师范大学第五届模拟联合国大会简介一、什么是模拟联合国有那么一个学生活动，参与者都得正装出席，胸前别着证明代表身份的标志牌，在庄严的讲台上代表世界不同国家，为了各自国家的利益陈述立场、提出动议，或据理力争、或磋商结盟，直至针对某一议案投票表决……这就是模拟联合国。
模拟联合国（Model United Nations）简称MUN是模仿联合国及相关的国际机构，依据其运作方式和议事原则，围绕国际上热点问题召开的会议。
青年学生们扮演不同国家的外交官，作为各国代表，参与到“联合国会议”当中。
代表们遵循大会规则，在会议主席团的主持下，通过演讲阐述“自己国家”的观点，为了“自己国家”的利益进行辩论、游说，他们与友好的国家沟通协作，解决冲突；他们讨论决议草案，促进国际合作；他们在“联合国”的舞台上，充分发挥自己的才能。
这项活动起源于美国哈佛大学经过60多年的发展，模拟联合国活动现在已经风靡全世界，形式多样，规模不一，有国际大会、全国大会，还有地区级和校际间的大会，参与者有大学生到高中生，乃至初中生。
目前全世界每年有近四百个国际模拟联合国大会在五大洲的50多个国家召开。
每年参与大会的师生来自世界100多个国家，总人数超过四百万人。
模拟联合国活动之所以能够风靡全世界，是因为它是一项极富教育意义的活动。
为学生们带了更广阔的视野。
模拟联合国活动关注的问题广泛，大都是当今各国面临的热点问题，在这样一个充满激情和挑战的全球化时代，在我国改革开放继续深化，国际局势依然复杂多变的背景下，积极参与这项活动不仅有助于同学们对联合国的了解，更为同学们打开一扇窗，提供了一个舞台，让大家关心世界，用国际眼光来思考问题，讨论问题。
模拟联合国活动中主要涉及的话题: 和平与安全/恐怖主义/人权/ 环境/贫穷与发展/全球化/公共卫生等激发英语热情与培养学习能力。
由于模拟联合国活动源自西方，大部分会议的工作语言是英文。
第一次参加模拟联合国会议作为一名高中生，我有幸参加了一次模拟联合国会议的经历，这对于我来说是一次宝贵的历练和学习机会。
在这次会议中，我扮演了一个国家的代表，与其他代表一起讨论、辩论并寻求解决全球问题的方案。
这次经历不仅让我更深入地了解了国际事务，还培养了我的团队合作能力、演讲技巧和解决问题的能力。
参加模拟联合国会议之前，我对国际事务的了解只停留在书本上。
然而，通过这次会议，我亲身感受到了国际事务的复杂性和多样性。
在会议中，我与来自不同国家的代表进行了交流和合作，讨论了一系列全球性的问题，如气候变化、人权问题、贫困等。
这些问题的复杂性使我不得不更加全面地了解各个国家的立场和利益，以便更好地为自己的国家争取利益。
在与其他代表的辩论中，我学到了如何表达自己的观点并说服他人。
辩论是模拟联合国会议中最重要的环节之一，每个代表都需要通过辩论来表达自己的观点并争取他人的支持。
在辩论中，我学会了倾听他人的观点，分析问题并提出合理的论据。
同时，我也学会了尊重他人的观点，虽然我们可能有不同的立场，但通过辩论，我们可以找到共同点并达成共识。
除了辩论技巧，团队合作也是模拟联合国会议中不可或缺的一部分。
在会议中，每个国家的代表都需要与自己的团队成员密切合作，共同制定出解决问题的方案。
通过与团队成员的合作，我学会了如何有效地分工合作、协商和妥协。
这种团队合作的经验将对我未来的学习和工作中产生积极的影响。
参加模拟联合国会议还让我更加深刻地体会到解决问题的重要性。
在会议中，我们不仅仅是为了争论和辩论，更是为了找到解决问题的方案。
通过与其他代表的合作和讨论，我学会了如何提出切实可行的解决方案，并通过多方协商来达成共识。
这种解决问题的能力将对我未来的学习和工作中产生重要的影响。
参加模拟联合国会议是我高中生活中一次难忘的经历。
通过这次经历，我不仅仅是学到了国际事务的知识，更重要的是培养了自己的团队合作能力、演讲技巧和解决问题的能力。
精诚模拟联合国大会PKMUN2015S1884年柏林会议背景文件（一）1884年柏林会议与非洲殖民欢迎辞尊敬的各位代表：大家好！我们很荣幸地欢迎各位来到PKMUN2015S精诚模拟联合国大会1884年柏林会议。
这个年代的欧洲，是个稳定又动荡的地方。
列强的分布第一次如此拥挤；它们中的很多，已经难以指望在欧洲再进行更多的扩张；它们，把眼光投向这个地球上广阔的落后地区。
人们并不知道，欧洲还有三十年的和平可以享受，欧洲大国在此后的几十年中，并不会打破这脆弱而又宝贵的稳定；但是人们感受得到，柏林、维也纳、罗马、伦敦、巴黎、彼得堡，以及布鲁塞尔、海牙、马德里、里斯本，甚至华盛顿和东京，将展开一场激烈的角逐，围绕着古老的亚洲、混乱的巴尔干、遥远的拉美、未知的太平洋，以及，当然，最重要地，地中海对岸那广袤神秘的非洲大陆。
人们感受得到，世界一次又一次地被推向危机，却不知道也不敢猜测哪一次的危机会彻底打破这脆弱的平衡。
交易在欧洲进行，妥协和争斗在欧洲上演，但交易的筹码，却常常不在欧洲——殖民地和半殖民地，让欧洲的压力得到释放，让发达工业国的扩张欲望得到满足。
但是，当世界再次被大国填满的时候，这压力又能向何处释放呢？不过，在十九世纪那安静的八十年代，我们不需要考虑这个问题。
世界是广阔的，现代化的欧洲国家相信他们担负着开化启蒙的使命，他们带着扩张的野心和比以往更大的自信，贸然地深深踏进了古老的非洲大陆。
欧洲人已经不再是几百年前拿着简单手工业品进行贸易的人们了：他们现在是征服者，既有征服的意愿，也有征服的能力。
非洲本身，除了夹缝中的几个例外，是无力阻碍欧洲人的脚步的。
非洲的沦陷，似乎是必然；然而欧洲人如何在非洲分配他们的利益，却又是另一个问题了。
有人视之为罪恶，有人视之为光荣。
然而，无论如何，对1880年代的欧洲帝国来说，征服，不仅是帝国的荣耀，它更是帝国的必须，是用以保证帝国未来的资本。
阳光下的土地，让工业化大国被本土限制的经济体系得到巨大的扩展，让若干个大国成为全球政治经济乃至文化联系的血脉。
模拟联合国的流程实例主席：模拟联合国第一次大会现在开始。
下面请主席助理点名。
主席助理：阿富汗（国家点名顺序：阿富汗、阿根廷、澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大、中国、古巴、捷克、德国、埃及、法国、希腊、海地、以色列、印度、意大利、日本、朝鲜、韩国、利比亚、马来西亚、尼日利亚、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、沙特阿拉伯、乌干达、美国、英国、越南、南非）阿富汗代表（举起国家牌）：到主席助理：阿富汗代表出席。
阿根廷。
……主席助理：点名完毕。
本次大会应到62人，实到60人，缺席2人。
本次大会三分之二多数为40，简单多数为32，20%多数为12。
主席：感谢主席助理。
鉴于我们本次大会有两个议题，议题一为全球文化遗产保护与合作，议题二为经济全球化与欠发达国家的发展。
首先我们来确定议题。
请希望先讨论议题一的代表举牌。
美国、日本、阿根廷。
请希望先讨论议题二的代表举牌。
捷克、俄罗斯、阿富汗。
首先有请美国代表，你有90秒的时间来陈述你的观点。
美国：略主席：感谢美国代表。
下面有请捷克代表，你有90秒的时间来陈述你的观点。
捷克：略主席：感谢捷克代表。
下面有请日本代表，你有90秒的时间来陈述你的观点。
日本：略主席：感谢法国代表。
下面有请俄罗斯代表，你有90秒的时间来陈述你的观点。
俄罗斯：略主席：感谢古巴代表。
下面有请阿根廷代表，你有90秒的时间来陈述你的观点。
阿根廷：略。
主席：感谢阿根廷代表。
下面有阿富汗代表，你有90秒的时间来陈述你的观点。
阿富汗：略主席：感谢阿富汗代表。
下面进行投票。
请希望先讨论议题一的代表举牌。
（数）谢谢。
请希望先讨论议题二的代表举牌。
谢谢。
11票希望先讨论议题一，19票希望先讨论议题二。
下面我们首先讨论议题二。
请希望发言的代表举牌。
（随机点出）利比亚、古巴、沙特阿拉伯、意大利。
首先有请利比亚代表，你有2分钟的时间来陈述你的观点。
利比亚：略主席：你还有三十秒。
利比亚：让渡给巴基斯坦。
主席：下面有请巴基斯坦代表，你有30秒的时间来陈述你的观点。
第一章关于模联1.1模联的成立在1947年的联合国大会上，成员国一致宣誓：（原文如下）...encourage the teaching of the United Nations Charter and the purposes and principles,the structure,background and activities of the United Nations in the schools and institutes of higher learning of their countries,with particular emphasis on such instruction in elementary and secondary schools.而模联即为响应这一提议而创生。
这项活动在欧美已经拥有超过50年的历史，它是由世界各国官方和民间团体特意为青年人组织的活动。
模拟联合国活动发源于美国，自诞生至今，吸引了全球超过200,000名高中生和大学生，全世界每年举办近400个模拟联合国会议。
尽管“模拟联合国”在许多国家进行得如火如荼，但它一直到90年代中期才进入中国，北京大学、人民大学、外交学院、西安交通大学等高校在为这一活动的推广作着不懈的努力。
这项活动使中学生与联合国的形势紧密地联系起来，同时锻炼了其自身的领袖才能，对当今中国中学生的素质教育起着极为重要的作用。
中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国，有着尤为重要的国际责任。
而将成为未来领袖的中学生们，更应意识到肩上担负的使命。
1.2什么是模联？模联（MUN），即模拟联合国（Mode United States）的缩写，是组织学生模拟联合国某些工作的活动。
学生代表某个国家驻联合国大使，对该国的历史，政治，经济，社会文化等方面进行学习，按照类似联合国会议的规则和程序进行发言、游说、辩论、谈判，国家集团间达成共识，产生决议草案，并按照联合国的表决程序进行投票从而形成决议。
会议发言模板第一天上午正式辩论发言模板Secretary-general: Good morning, distinguished delegates. Welcome to the Forth Committee. My name is --- the Secretary-general for today’s session .The chair ’s name is ---and he will be chairing in today’s session.Chair: Good morning, distinguished delegates. The topic of the conference is “The Background of The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the Universal Realization and Effective Enjoyment of Human Rights ”. Hopefully, this conference will be fruitful.Secretary-general：Now the chair suggests we do the roll call.(如下：点名的程序及发言模板)Secretary-general: Australia.Delegate of Australia: Present.Secretary-general: Australia is present. Bangladesh.Delegate of Bangladesh: Present.Secretary-general: Bangladesh is present. Brazil.Delegate of Brazil: Present.Secretary-general: Brazil is present. Cyprus.Delegate of Cyprus: Present.… … …Secretary-general: The total number of delegates is 17. The simple majority will be 9; the absolute majority will be 12.(如下：动议开启发言名单的程序及发言模板)Chair: Now the chair suggests delegate motion to open the speakers’ list. Are there any motions?(Raising placards)Chair: UK.Delegate of UK: The delegate of UK motions to open the speakers’ list with 2 minutes speaking time.Chair: Now we have a motion on the floor. Those who are in favor of this motion, please raise your placard.(Raising placards)Chair: With* in favor, this motion passes. All those who want to be added to the speakers’ list, please raise your placard.Chair: Marshall Islands, USA, China, UK, Cyprus, Fiji, France, Australia, Russia, Tuvalu, Germany, Japan, Canada, India, Netherland,Bangladesh, Brazil, South Africa.Chair:Now, delegate of Marshall Islands, you have 2 minutes to address the body.Delegate of Marshall Islands: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates, Marshall Islands… …（如下：让渡时间给主席的程序及发言模板）Chair:Delegate of Marshall Islands, you still have … seconds. How would like to be yielding your time?Delegate of Marshall Islands: Yield the time to Chair.（如下：动议更改发言时间的程序及发言模板）Chair: Thank you, Marshall Islands. Now the floor is open, any motions or points?(Raising placards)Chair: China.Delegate of China: China motions to change the speaking time from 120 seconds to 150 seconds.Chair:Those who are in favor of this motion, please raise your placard.Chair: With* in favor, this motion fails. The speaking time is still 2 minutes. OK, now delegate of USA, you have 2 minutes to address the committee.Delegate of USA: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates, USA… …（如下：让渡时间给另一代表国的程序及发言模板）Chair: Thank you, USA, you still have … seconds. How would like to be yielding your time?Delegate of USA: Yield the time to Japan.Chair: OK, delegate of Japan, you have … seconds.Delegate of Japan: Thank you, USA. Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates …（如下：动议进行有组织的核心磋商的程序及发言模板）Chair: OK. The floor is open. Are there any points or motions? Fiji. Delegate of Fiji: Fiji motions for a 3 minutes moderated consultation on delegate of USA’s speech, with speaking time 60 seconds. Chair:Those who are in favor of this motion, please raise your placard.Chair: With* in favor, this motion passes. Those who want to speak, please raise your placard. Fiji, you have 60 minutes.Delegate of Fiji: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates, … … Chair: Those who also want to speak, please raise your placard. Canada, you have the stage.Delegate of Canada: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates … Chair: Those who also want to speak, please raise your placard. Tuvalu, you have 1 minutes.Delegate of Tuvalu: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates … Chair: OK, this motion is over. Now, China, please come to the stage to deliver your speech.Delegate of China: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates, China… …（如下：让渡时间给评论的程序及发言模板）Chair: Thank you, China. You still have … seconds. How would like to be yielding your time?Delegate of China: Yield time to Comments.Chair:Those who want to make comments on China’s delegate’s speech, please raise your placard. Netherland.Delegate of Netherland: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates, Netherland… …（如下：动议进行无组织的自由协商的程序及发言模板）Chair: Now the floor is open. Are there any motions or points? India. Delegate of India：India motions for a 5-minute unmoderated consultation on China’s delegate’s speech.Chair:Those who are in favor of this motion, please raise your placard.Chair: With* in favor, this motion passes. Delegates, make full use of the following 5 minutes.(After 5 minutes)Chair: Time is up. Please be seated. Now, we will continue with our Speakers’ List. Delegate of UK, you have 2 minutes to address the committee.Delegate of UK: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates, UK… … （如下：让渡时间给问题的程序及发言模板）Chair: Thank you, UK. You still have … seconds. How would like to be yielding your time?Delegate of UK: Yield Time to Questions.Chair: Those who want to ask UK delegate questions, please raise your placard. Bangladesh.Delegate of Bangladesh: Thank you, honorable Chair. Bangladesh is wondering how UK government can guarantee efficient fund on slowing down sea level rise.Delegate of UK: Delegate of Bangladesh, thanks for your questions. UK government will… …Chair: Ok. The floor is open now. Any motions or points? … … … … …追加发言部分Chair: Now that each country has delivered speech to the committee, we will move on to additional speaking time. Based on the order the country submitted its page, the following 3 countries will have an addition speaking time of 2 minutes: USA, Australia, and Tuvalu. The procedure is the same as before. There will be yielding time and motions after each speech. Now, delegate of USA, you have 2 minutes.Delegate of USA: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates… … … … … … …主席结束语部分Chair:Ladies and gentlemen, today’s session is over by now. All delegates need to negotiate with others to write draft resolutions and submit them to the Secretariat on time. Tomorrow morning we will discuss these draft resolutions, make amendments and vote on the draft resolutions. All delegates, see you tomorrow morning.第二天上午决议草案的讨论阶段（如下：决议草案的讨论程序及发言模板）Chair:Now we will continue our conference. The committee has * draft resolutions, which are, according to the time they are submitted to the Secretariat, No.1 Draft Resolution sponsored by ***, ***, ***, No.2 Draft Resolution sponsored by ***, ***, ***, No.3 Draft Resolution sponsored by ***, ***, ***… … First, the main sponsor of No.1 Draft Resolution comes to the stage to introduce No.1 Draft Resolution.(After the introduction)Chair: Now the floor is open. Are there any points or motions? Chair: USA.Delegate of USA: USA motions for 3 minutes moderated consultationto discuss No.1 Draft Resolution. The speaking time will be 60 seconds.Chair: Thank you. Those who are in favor of this motion please raise your placard.Chair: This motion passes with* in favor. Those who want to speak, please raise your placard. USA, you have 60 seconds.Delegate of USA: Thank you, Chair. Dear all … …Chair: Thank you, USA. Those who also want to speak, please raise your placard. China, you now have 60 seconds.Delegate of China: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates … … Chair: Thank you, China. Those who also want to speak, please raise your placard. Now UK, please deliver your speech.Delegate of UK: Thank you Chair. Dear delegates… …Chair: Now the motion is over by now. And discussion on No.1 Draft Resolution is over. It is waited to be amended. Then we will invite the main sponsor of No.2 Draft Resolution to introduce this draft resolution.(After the introduction)Chair: Now the floor is open. Are there any points or motions? Chair: Netherland.Delegate of Netherland: Netherland motions for a 5-minute unmoderated consultation.Chair: Thank you Netherland. All those who are in favor of this motion please raise your placard.Chair: With* in favor, this motion passes. Now delegates, make full use of your 5 minutes.(After 5 minutes)Chair: Delegates, time is up, please be seated. Discussion on No.2 Draft Resolution is over. It is waited to be amended. Now, the main sponsor of No.3 Draft Resolution, please come to the stage to introduce your draft resolution… … … … …（如下：40分钟的休会阶段——写修正案）Chair:Now we have fully discussed all draft resolutions. Then the conference will come into a 40-minute period for delegates to discuss with others to make amendments to draft resolutions. You can walk away from your seat and negotiate with other delegates. Please be reminded that all amendments should be submitted to the secretariat in 30 minutes. Ok, delegates, make full use of the following 40 minutes.… … …修正案的讨论、表决阶段Chair: Ladies and gentlemen, time is up. Please be seated. Now we have 3 amendments, which are Amendment 1.1 sponsored by ***, Amendment 1.2 sponsored by *** and Amendment 3.1 sponsored by ***. First, the sponsor of Amendment 1.1, please come to the stage to introduce your amendment.（如下：友好修正案的表决程序及发言模板）(After the introduction)Chair:The sponsors of No.1 Draft Resolution, those who agree to incorporate Amendment 1.1 into No.1 Draft Resolution, please raise your placard.Chair: Since all sponsors of No.1 Draft Resolution agree to incorporate Amendment 1.1, this amendment is a friendly amendment, so it will be incorporated into No.1 Draft Resolution without any vote. Now the sponsor of Amendment 1.2, please come to the stage to introduce it. （如下：非友好修正案的表决程序及发言模板）(After the introduction)Chair:The sponsors of No.1 Draft Resolution, those who agree to incorporate Amendment 1.2 into No.1 Draft Resolution, please raise your placard.Chair: Since not all sponsors agree to incorporate Amendment 1.2, this amendment is an unfriendly amendment. Now the chair will establish a new speakers’ list. The chair will call 2 delegates who are in favor of this amendment and 2 delegates who are against this amendment to illustrate their reasons. Each delegate has 60 seconds. Those who are in favor of Amendment 1.2，please raise your placard. Canada, you have the stage.Delegate of Canada: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates… … Chair:Thank you, Canada. Now, those who are also in favor of Amendment 1.2，please raise your placard. Brazil, you have 60 seconds.Delegate of Brazil: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates… … Chair:Thank you, Brazil. Now, Those who are against Amendment 1.2，please raise your placard. India, you have 60 seconds. Delegate of India: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates… … Chair: Thank you, India. Now, those who are also against Amendment 1.2，please raise your placard. Tuvalu, you have 60 seconds. Delegate of Tuvalu: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates… … Chair: Thank you, Tuvalu. Since we have fully debated on Amendment 1.2, now we are going to vote on this amendment. Please note that an unfriendly amendment requires a two thirds majority to pass. OK now, those who are in favor of this amendment, please raise your placard.Chair:with*in favor, Amendment 1.2 fails. Now let us discuss Amendment 3.1 … …… … …决议草案表决阶段（如下：动议对决议草案进行重新排序的程序及发言模板）Chair: Since we have voted on all amendments, now we will move on to the voting procedure of three draft resolutions. Are there any motions for reordering draft resolutions?Chair: China.Delegate of China: China motions for reordering draft resolutions. The voting order should be No.3 Draft Resolution, No.1 Draft Resolution, and No.2 Draft Resolution.Chair: Those who are in favor of this motion, please raise your placard. Chair: With* in favor, this motion fails. Now the floor is still open. Any motions for reordering draft resolutions?Chair: UK.Delegate of UK: UK motions to change the original voting order to No.2 Draft Resolution, No.3 Draft Resolution, and No.1 Draft Resolution.Chair: Those who are in favor of this motion, please raise your placard. Chair: With* in favor, this motion fails. Now the floor is still open. Any motions or points?Chair: Fiji.Delegate of Fiji: Fiji motions to change the original voting order to No.3 Draft Resolution, No.2 Draft Resolution, and No.1 Draft Resolution.Chair: Those who are in favor of this motion, please raise your placard. Chair: With* in favor, this motion passes. And the draft resolutions will be voted in this order.(This process of reordering draft resolutions will end if one motion passes or all motions fail. If no such motion gets passed, the draft resolutions will be voted in their original order)（如下：动议进行点名投票roll call voting的程序及发言模板）Chair: Now the chair suggests that the voting procedure be roll call vote. So, any motions? Australia.Delegate of Australia: Australia motions that the voting procedure should be roll call vote.Chair: Those who are in favor this motion, please raise your placard. With* in favor, this motion passes. The voting procedure will be roll call vote.（如下：决议草案的表决程序及发言模板）Chair: Now first we are going to vote on No.3 Draft Resolution. Before the voting, the chair will call one delegate who is in favor of No.3 draft resolution and one delegate who is against this draft resolution to clarify their reasons. The speaking time is 60 seconds. OK, those who are in favor of No.3 draft resolution, please raise your placard. Cyprus. Delegate of Cyprus: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates, Cyprus is in favor of No.3 Draft Resolution because… …Chair:Thank you, Cyprus. Then those who are against No.3 Draft Resolution, please raise your placard. USA.Delegate of USA: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates, USA is against No.3 Draft Resolution, for… …Chair: Thank you, USA. OK, now we are going to vote on No.3 Draft Resolution. The voting procedure will be roll call vote. When your country is called, you should say Yes, No, or Abstain. Let’s start the procedure.Secretary-general: Australia.Delegate of Australia: Abstain.Secretary-general: Bangladesh.Delegate of Bangladesh: No.… … …Chair: ** vote for Yes, ** vote for No, ** vote for Abstain. So No.3 Draft Resolution fails. Now we are going to vote on No.2 Draft Resolution. Before the voting, the chair will also call one delegate who is in favor of No.2 draft resolution and one delegate who is against this draft resolution to clarify their reasons. The speaking time is still 60 seconds. OK, those who are in favor of No.2 draft resolution, please raise your placard. France.Delegate of France: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates, France is in favor of No.2 Draft Resolution because… …Chair: Thank you, France. Then those who are against No.2 Draft Resolution, please raise your placard. Japan.Delegate of Japan: Honorable Chair and distinguished delegates, Japan is against No.3 Draft Resolution because… …Chair: Thank you, Japan. OK, now we are going to vote on No.2 Draft Resolution.Secretary-general: Australia.Delegate of Australia: Yes.Secretary-general: Bangladesh.Delegate of Bangladesh: No.… … …Chair: ** vote for Yes, ** vote for No, ** vote for Abstain. So No.2 Draft Resolution has been passed! Congratulations to all the delegates! Now applause is in order! Ladies and gentlemen, this conference is over by now! Thanks for your efforts!。
Academic Standard Handbookof Peking University National Model United Nations Conference for High School Students 20162016年北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会学术标准手册编订人员：刘欣羽（秘书长，北京大学经济学院2013级本科）樊仁敬（副秘书长，北京大学社会学系2013级本科）何雨辰（学术总监，北京大学元培学院2014级本科）王星程（学术总监，北京大学元培学院2014级本科）杨泽毅（学术总监，北京大学哲学系2014级本科）特别说明：“北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会”，会议名称、活动标志由北京大学所有，未经允许，不得用于与本会议无关的活动或其他商业性目的的组织或活动。
本手册及相关材料版权归北京大学模拟联合国协会所有，未经允许，不得以任何方式出版。
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目录前言 学术标准手册使用说明 ............................................................5 第一部分 会议规则与流程 ...............................................................6 •会议流程参考标准 .....................................................................6 •北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会常规委员会（中文）议事规则 ......8 总 则 (8)第一章 会场和人员 (8)第二章 会议 (9)第三章 代表权利与义务 ...............................................................18 快速规则流程参考 ........................................................................20 •北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会常规委员会（中文）议事规则示意图 ......21 •北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会常规委员会（中文）用语范例 ......22 •北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会常规委员会（英文）议事规则 ......24 Rules and Procedures ..................................................................24 Introduction to the Staff ...............................................................24 The Process: Committee Session ......................................................26 Quick Reference Guide ..................................................................33 •北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会常规委员会（英文）议事规则示意图 ......34 •北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会常规委员会（英文）用语范例 ......35 •北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会特殊委员会学术标准 (36)一、联合国经济社会理事会（ECOSOC ） (36)二、联合国志愿人员组织伙伴关系论坛（UNV Partnership Forum ） (38)三、世界卫生组织非洲地区委员会（WHO-RCA ） (40)四、欧洲经济区理事会（EEA Council ） (43)五、国际法庭（ICJ ） ... (47)六、联合国国际组织会议（UNCIO ） (54)第二部分会议文件 (57)一、立场文件Position Paper (57)二、工作文件Working Paper (61)三、决议草案Draft Resolution (63)四、指令草案Draft Directive (71)五、修正案Amendment (71)第三部分模拟联合国会议学术准备指南 (73)第一节准备阶段 (73)一．背景指导文件阅读指导 (73)二．资料检索指导 (76)第二节会议阶段 (86)前言 学术标准手册使用说明亲爱的各位代表：大家好！大会的《学术标准手册》（Academic Standard Handbook ）继续着自己每年一次更新的步伐。
Session Chair: ZhangfanOpening Remarks:Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen! Welcome to The simulated international conference! first, Let me introduce myself. I’m Zhangfangrong . I’m glad and honored to chair the first session.I am more than happy to see so many talented peers from different department gathering here to share the cutting edge of knowledge.I would like to ask you for your kind cooperation so that our session turns out to be truly successful. However, before inviting our first speaker to deliver his presentation, I would like to remind each of the speaker of our agreed time limit, that is,15minutes for panelists of three and five minutes for each speaker and two more minutes for discussion after presentation by the panelists . I hope all of you can stay within this time limit. five minutes is not a long time ,careful planning and practice will be needed to cover the important points in a coherent manner. I will flash time card for one minute warnings and you will have to stop at five minute,sorry for the rigidity,but it is necessary to make sure every group has adequate time.Now let’s call the session to order and invite our first panelists Zeng Maojun Yuan Shan Ouyang Zhicui to deliver their speech ‘Complicated Community Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood: Different Types, Clinical Course, and Outcome’.Thank you ...for giving us such an illuminating report, i am sure from this report ,every one of us has got a better understanding of Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood .we are now ready for questions or comments about the speech, any questions?Our next speaker is zhangafangrong xiaoting and xiaolijun. They will talk about “Integrating clinical features and genetic lesions in the risk assessment of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia”Now our presentation is finished,we are going to have 2minute for question.We have had 2 reports ,let us have a 5 minute tea break. Take your time and have a rest.Okay ,welcome back ! ladies and gentleman,we will now going on with our fascinating conference, i now have the great honor to introduce liuxianyang to give us a speech,the topic is “SmokeHaz: Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of the Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Health”Thank you Liu for his informative speech,now we still have 2 minutes to go,may i ask if there are any questions?Our next speaker is Ling Changsong Chen Jiahong .They will talk about Prevalence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetesattended in primary care in Spain ,please!Thank you for their speech ,i would like to invite questions or comments.Our next panelists are Zhang Yadan Yuan Qing Xia Hui. Their topic is Blood cadmium levels and Alzheimer’s disease mortality risk in older US adultsThank you for your wonderful speech ,i believe we have learn a lot from their speech .now i would like to invite questions,Okay,now i would like to invite todays last panelists,they are Zheng WeiLi Shuang Dai Qing their speech is Idiopathic Adult Nephrotic Syndrome: A Clinicopathological Study and Response to Steroid in a Sub-Saharan African CountryThank you for your speech ,is there any qustions?Closing Remarks:We have now come to the end of the first session. We have had 6 reports presented. Thank you for your informative talks, and thank you for your interesting questions and answers during the Q & A Session. We have shared much experience and knowledge. All of us have learned a lot about the recent achievements and up-to-date information in our research field. I believe this is a very successful meeting. I hope we can go on with our stimulated international conference tomorrow. Let us meet again here in the same room at 2:00 tomorrow afternoon.As a spesker:Since my partner have talked about the details about the methods and results of our experiment ,now ,i would like to some disadvantage in the process of expeiment ,i have 6 points to cover in the discussion part.first ,regression models showed that driver mutations are able to explain a limited fraction of the total variation of the most relevant clinical variables.second,However, we also found that recurrent somatic mutations were able to explain only a fraction of the total variation of the most relevant clinical variables, including hemoglobin, WBC count and BM blasts.then,Although the integration of cytogenetic abnormalities resulted in a better risk stratification, only a minority of CMML patients carry recurrentkaryotypic abnormalities. Several genes were reported to have prognostic value in CMML.It must be acknowledged that our sample size did not allow to assess possible interactions between co-occurring mutations, which may potentially influence the resulting compounded prognostic effect.As previously observed for the original CPSS, comparable results were obtained when the scoring system was calculated using hemoglobin thresholds instead of RBC transfusion-dependency.13 This alternative model could be useful, especially in those patients deserving urgent therapy and in whom RBC transfusion-dependency is still not established.In conclusion, although current understanding of the pathophysiology of CMML at present does not allow to move toward entirely molecular-based classification and risk assessment, the results of this study suggest that the integration of somatic mutations significantly improve prognostic stratification of patients with this neoplasm, and may provide a basis for improving clinical decision-making.。
The First Simulated International Conference on Mining Engineering, Rock Mechanism and Safety TechnologyConference ProgramSponsor by: Central South University, China Supported by: Graduate School of Central South University Hosted by: Doctor English Class D3November, 04, 2013Changsha, ChinaThe First Simulated International Conference Conference Theme: Mining Engineering, Rock Mechanism andSafety TechnologyConference Time: 8:00-12:00, Monday, November,04, 2013Conference Address: Room 229, Mining BuildingSpecially Invited Adviser:ShenJinhuaSession Chair:Wu QiuhongHostess: Ma LiSecretariat:XieXiaofengOrganizing Committee:Xiexiaofeng, Ma Li, Wu QiuhongNotes for the conference program：1.The time limit for oral presentations is set as follows:It will be better if the reporting time is controlled within 5 minutes, but there are 1 minutes for the reporter answering the attendees’questions. The total time for each speaker is no more than 7 minutes. When the report runs overtime, the session chair will interrupt the speaker.2.Everyone should be punctual and leave conference only after it comes to an end.3.All participants please set your cell phone to silent mode during conference.AgendaStudy on model experiment and design method of the anti-slidingmicro-pilesMa Li135501002Abstract：This paper which is supported by transportation science and technology development and innovation project of Hunan province, has completed a large collection of anti-sliding micro-pile research information at home and abroad, and design a large-scale physical model experiment about the anti-sliding micro-pile to study the anti-sliding characteristics in Different composite structure. Then the article proposes a new method of the anti-sliding micro-pile about internal force calculation and design with the experiment results. Finally, the applicable environment of the anti-sliding micro-pile composite structure is discussed.Study on Dynamic Effects of Existing Tunnel Caused by Blasting Excavation of Undercrossing New TunnelXieXiaofeng135501003Abstract: Cross tunnel with small interval is a new kind of structure emerged in recent years. The adoption of cross tunnel with small interval is not only to meet the special requirements of unusual geological condition and overall linear route, but also conducive to the overall programming and optimization, with significant economic, social and environmental benefits. However the design and construction of this kind of tunnel remains many technical questions to be solved. For instance, when the new tunnel is close to existing tunnel，the seismic wave induced by blasting endangers the safety and stabilization of the surrounding rock and the lining of existing tunnel. With the rapid urbanization process and the further utilization of underground space, the cross tunnel with small interval will be an increasing number. The research of its design and construction technologies, impacts on existing structure, have high significance on both academic study and engineering practice.The development trend of mining technologyXieYousheng 135501004Abstract: There are more than 10 000 pits in our country, which refer to coal mines, metal mine, and others. The shallow resources are drying up, our pay more and more attention to deep resources. In the meantime, the problems caused by the deep mining engineering need for better technologies or knowledge to solve. The digital mining is an advanced technology, the technology is composed of mining science and technology, informatics, artificial intelligence, computing Science.The Caving Mining Safe Control Technology on The Multi-Mined-Out-Areas Conditions of the ShizhuyuanPolymetallic MineZouping 135501005ABSTRACT: The Shizhuyuanploymetallic mine was mining by room-and-pillar open stope method for more 10 years. After 36 designed rooms are mined out, left 2,600,000m3 mined-out areas with 8000m2 of the maximum continued exposed face of roof without filling for some reasons. For the mine sustainable development and the safe mining, one mainly issues is how to management of mined-out-areas and the pillar mining. So some study was carried out:1) After the engineering geological evaluation, the mechanics parameters of rock mass was derived by generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion.2) Cavability (i.e. caving areas) of the Shizhuyuanploymetallic mine was worked out by Laubscher and extended Mathews methods.3) For the purpose of safety mining, the ground pressure monitoring system such as Acoustic Emission(AE), displacement and pressure method that suit for the hard rock were designed and installed. The technological routes of the ground monitoring and an early warning case are listed.STATUS AND PROSPECT OF DIGITAL MINE TECHNOLOGYWu Shuliang 135501006Abstract：With the scientific and technological progress and economic development recently，the conception ofdigital mine is widely accepted. The basic technology of digital mine can not only improve the production efficiencyand reduce the accident rate，but also the digital mine is the ultimate objective of the mining industry. This paperintroducesthe application status of digital mine. In the future，the research of high-tech digital minetechnology should be emphasized and mine intelligent technology should be popularized，which will enhance thesustained and healthy development of mining industry in our country .How to select a proper mining methodHuang Zhiguo 135501007Abstract: To select a mining method is vitally important for the design of mining. Inorder to selecta optimalmining method, some main factors should be considered carefully, and some proper approach should be followed accordingly. My report briefly introduced the main factors affecting the selection of an mining method, and a proper approach to select an mining method.Ground ControlWu Weiwei135501008Abstract: The terms ground control and strata control, which here are used interchangeably , date back some 60 years to the early 1930s when the use of rock bolts was pioneered in the United Stated. The first international conference on rock pressure andground control was held in Liege, Belgium, in 1951. In essence, ground control means maintaining rock mass stability by controlling the movement of excavations in the ground, which can be either rock and soil. This is a specialty engineering field that is important because the design of underground excavation is, to large extent, the design of underground support systems such as pillars and rock reinforcement.Although today, ground control is no longer solely a mining art since much of it can qualify as an engineering science, the application of rock and soil mechanics principles and techniques in day-to-day mine planning and design is still not common. It is hoped that the up-to-date knowledge digest contained in this chapter will contribute to better dissemination and application of ground-control concepts and techniques, some of which have been available for many years but which mining engineers have not availed themselves fully.Theoretical study of equal stress load-bearing-arch strength in deepsoft rock roadwayWangPing135501009Abstract：For the difficult support characteristics of deep-soft rock roadway, accordingto the stress distribution law and the bolt support properties, deep-soft rock roadway equal stress bearing arch strength theory by bolt was proposed. The theory is based on the roadwaystress environment, through match the length of anchor bolts, it could be formed a more uniform stress distribution of bearing structure in the surrounding rock.This bearing structurewith betterbearing ability that will maintain the stability of roadway.In addition,the formula of bearing capacity of circle-bearing arch has obtained, it has a certain reference value for the project of soft rock engineering in deep.Numerical Simulation on Mechanism of Pre-splitting crack underFilling-MiningKe Bo 135501010Abstract: In underground mining, especially in reconstructed mining environment, the study on controlling blast disturbance effect and pillar extractionclamping action is much lacked. According to the characteristics of rock mechanics and explosives, using JWL state equation of high explosive and explicit dynamical analysis software package LS-DYNA, the mechanism of pre-splitting near backfill was simulated on the basis of study on fragmentation ore block’s mining in GaoFeng mine, China Tin group Co. Ltd.Study of Mechanical Property of Limestone Specimenswith Natural Continuous PlaneWu Qiuhong135501012Abstract:Rock is made of mineral grains with fissures, beddings and cracks, heterogeneity and anisotropy of rock can occur at micro and macro scales，and it is not nonlinear elastic at all. On basis of granite and limestone with natural single continuous weak plane, heterogeneity, anisotropy and mechanical parameters of rock were studied.BASED ON MICRO-SEISMIC MONITORING TECHNOLOGY IN MINESAFETY MANAGEMENT RESEARCHHuang Weixin 135501013Abstract: As the superficial resource in mine is beening exhausted, mining-induced seismicity is becoming an serious economic and secure problem in deep mining.It’s necessary for secure produce and people’s life and property to research the response lower and fataless for forecast of mining-induced seismicity. This paper deeply studied theresponse lower of mining-induced seismicity in Dongguashan copper mine.It included space-time lower,related characteristics of magnitude-frequency and energy-seismic moment,stress-strain lower and relations between seismicity and exploitation,and get some perfect results.The Typical Application of Room and Pillar MethodinErlihe Lead-zinc MineWang Chun135501014Abstract：The form of ore body in Erlihe Lead-zinc Mine is irregular，which looks like a saddle. The ore body is so hick and large that it is very difficult to exploit．The mine adopt open stope method with footwall chute used to be applied for mining，but the effect is not ideal．According to the mining technical condition of ore body ,the room and pillar method is recommended．The research results show that loss ratio,dilution ratio and mining-cut ratio are all significant fall．At the same time，the roof of goaf was controlled effectively by using the anchor to support.The room and pillar method is an ideal mining method for mining the saddle of ore body by synthesizing all kinds of factors．The application of the Dimine in open-pit mineXiao Yingcai135501015Abstract: Establishing production plan of open-pit mine is aindispensable link in mining engineeringnowadays, In this paper, testablishingthe orebody model and the surface model based on the original geological data by DIMINE software,with the actual data, optimize the design of the open-pit, and on the basis, the system can automatically optimize the order of stripping, meanwhile technical staff canparticipatein the preparation of strippingplan.The results show thatusing the three-dimensional visualization can obtain satisfactory state of shell open.can effectively guide the design ofmining stage or mid -long term production plan On Open-pit standing on the actual production data, it can provide new workable way for stripping planoptimization, meanwhile ,it improves the production efficiency and achieve the goal of quick work in open-pit mine .Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracturing in Coal BedSun Gangzhong135501016Abstract: The gas extraction is an effective means in dealing with the gas，Hydraulic fracturing for increasing permeability is an effective technological approach in low-permeability coal seam，to get the cracks of rock mass in Hydraulic fracturing , using Flac3d to simulate. Set the criterion of crack development.A computing algorithm with moving boundary condition was developed on the basis of discontinuum mechanics and implemented in FLAC3D.FLAC3D offers the advantage to integrate all fractures in one single computing model.Prediction and Safety Analysis for Ground Subsidence of Transition from Open Pit to Underground MiningKeYuxian 135501017Abstract：In order to maximize mining the underground resources and ensure the safety of the buildings and structures located at ground, the ground subsidence and movement induced by transition from open pit to underground mining of Xinqiao Mine was studied based on a three-dimensional model established by MIDAS/GTS. The results showed that the largest value of surface tilt(i), curvature(K) and horizontal deformation (ε) are 0.640mm/m, 0.012×10-3/m and 0.503mm/m, which lower than the structures and buildings objects protection level and the allowable deformation value corresponding. The groundsubsidence and movement induced by transition from open pit to underground mining will don’t endanger the buildings and structures located at ground, which provide a theoretical basis for prediction and safety analysis of Xinqiao Mine’s ground subsidence.Cemented backfilling performance of yellow phosphorus slagYang Li 135501018Abstract: Laboratory experiments about feasibility of cemented backfilling with yellow phosphorus slag, including physical-mechanical properties and chemical compositions, optimized proportion, cemented mechanism, was carried out to make good use of yellow phosphorus slag, tackling with the environment and safety problems of those piled outdoors as well as geological hazards and high cost issues during the mining processof Kaiyang Phosphorus Mine Group, Guizhou. The results show that, yellow phosphorus slag, possessing a certain potential cemented properties, can be used as Portland cement substitute. Adding quicklime, hydrated lime and other alkaline substances can deal with the high residual phosphorus of yellow phosphorus slag and phosphorousgypsum, improving the initial strength of cemented backfilling body of yellow phosphorus slag and phosphorousgypsum. Based on the initial strength requirements, the recommend proportions of mass ratio are 1:1 (yellow phosphorus slag: phosphor gypsum), 1:4:10 (Portland cement: yellow phosphorus slag: phosphor gypsum) and 1:4:10 (ultrafine powder: yellow phosphorus slag: phosphor gypsum), with 5% of hydrated lime addition, 60% of mass fraction of solid and good rheological properties.Ca(OH)2is the activating agent of hydration reaction of yellow phosphorus slag and the cemented process involves hydration stage, solidifying stage and strength stage. The hydration reaction velocity of yellow phosphorus slag, Portland cement and ultra-fine powder speeds up, with the stability of cemented microstructure and initial strength also increasing.Wear mechanism and serious wear position of casing pipein vertical backfill drill-holeLiu Enyan135501019Abstract: Vertical backfill drill-hole is usually a key project in an underground mine with backfill method and can be easily damaged by impact of backfill slurry. Observation of the damaged vertical backfill drill-holes in Jinchuan Nonferrous Metal Corporation (JNMC), Gansu Province, China, given by a digital drill-hole video camera, indicated that there usually exist serious wear zones in casing pipe in vertical backfill drill-hole (CVBH). It was suggested that serious wear position of CVBH should be located at an interface between air and solid−liquid mixture within CVBH. Backfill slurry falls freely and impacts the wall of CVBH near the interface with great momentum and energy coming from high speed free fall of backfill slurry. The depth of serious wear position of CVBH, i.e., free fall height of backfill slurry in CVBH, can be estimated by the height of vertical backfill drill-hole, the length of horizontal pipeline, the density of slurry and the hydraulic gradient of pipeline system. A case study indicated that the estimation equation of serious damage depth of CVBH was of enough accuracy and was helpful for daily maintenance and management of vertical backfill drill-hole.Risk Assessment on Blocking of Filling Pipeline Based on UncertaintyMeasurement TheoryWANG Shi135501020Abstract：In order to forecast the difficult degree on filling pipeline blocking of filling system in deep mine, the assessment model of filling pipeline blocking was established on the basis of the uncertainty measurement theory. Ten evaluation indexes were selected as the discriminant ones of the uncertainty measurement model. The uncertainty measurement function of each index was obtained based on the in-situ data. The information entropy theory was used to calculate the weight of each discriminant index,and the predictive value of filling pipeline blocking was finally achieved using the rules of credible recognition criteria. The results show that the four evaluation objects are Longshou mine of Jinchuan company, Dahongshan copper mine, Hedong gold mine, and Xincheng gold mine, and the risk grades of them are respectively Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅲ. The influence of evaluation system versus the evaluation indexes can be comprehensively considered by the uncertainty measurement theory, which is quantitatively calculated.Stability analysis and comprehensive treatment methods of landslides under complex mining environment—a case study of Dahulandslide from Linbao HenanDai Bing 135501021ABSTRACT：A case study of Dahu landslide from Linbao Henan in China was discussed in this paper. Based on various kinds of basic data, the 3D numerical model of a geological structure which possesses all kinds of information including the mechanical characteristics and the geometrical parameters of geological discontinuities were known from previous works. Thus, both the whole geological structure and all kinds of geological components involved in a slope can be visualized on computer, the complicated analysis and calculation can be then carried out easily and effectively. Firstly, the combination of 3D numerical model with some classical theories in slope stabilization can easily provide the present stability factor. Then according to monitoring data of the total station, the potential sliding trends are analyzed if landslides do not occur. Secondly, there are a number of uncertainties on the factors of coupled disaster forming, such as, rainfall, earthquake, and mined-out area. The unascertained mathematics theory is applied to the stability comprehensive analysis. It shows four landslide bodies get to be at unstable state if there are some inducements. Thirdly, sliding distance and movement scope were predicted if landslides occur. On the basis of the analysis above, the treatments of the landslide body called isolated method of culvert are proposed. It has solved the contradiction of landslide and mining radically, and provides important technical assurance for safety and sustainable development of mine.Simple discussion on filling theory and technologyGuoHongquan135501022Abstract：The development situation of the cutand fillmethod athome and abroad is presented andits advantages are also described such ashigh safety, high recovery ratio and smalldestruction to ecologicenvironmenton ground surface. Applicable condition and developmentorientation of the dry fillingmethod, hydraulic sand fillingmethod, cemented fillingmethod and fillingmethod arediscussed.It thinksthatwith progress ofscience and technology, the cutand fillmethodwillbecome a foremostminingmethod in undergroundmining ofdeposit.Establishment of Comprehensive Emergency Management Systemfor Campus EmergenciesSong Qing-hua 135501024Abstract:Because of social transformation, expansion of university enrollment and introduction of other service industries made campus potential safety hazard more complex. Campus emergencies are increasing in frequency and often occur in different forms, which have aroused widely public attention. Campus emergency has the features of social sensitivity, subject activeness, loss additive, as well as showing the characteristics of general emergency, thus abruptness, uncertainty, destructiveness, derivative, diffusivity, sociality. Apparently, traditional safety control system is far from meeting the requirements of current campus security situation, deep reformations for campus security are needed. China’s policy for emergency management is called “one plan and three systems” (representing emergency response plan and organizational system, mechanism system, legal system) had been made into practice in many domains and helped improve their security. It is found that emergency management will be effective and efficient only by: firstly, bringing into play the effort of the whole society (including not only school, educational system, family, students that have direct correlation with emergency, but also media, transport agency, hospital, public security and other social organizations that areindirectly associatedwith emergency) and secondly, considering the whole life cycle of emergency (including four time periods, thus no emergency, before the emergency, during the emergency and after the emergency) to minimize the resulted loss.Based on the “one plan and three systems” policy and with the intention of controlling emergency from a time-space perspective, the idea of establishing the Comprehensive Emergency Management System (CEMS) for campus emergencies is put forward. It is rational to expect that there will be resistance to the system’s implement ation for economical restriction or lack of safety awareness, so more detailed consideration is necessary for the system’s eventual accomplishment.3-D Numerical Analysis On The RightOpportunity Of Support In SoftRock RoadwayGUI Rong 135501025Abstract: An analysis was made on the soft rock of Yunling tunnel by using the finite element software ABAQUS.The changes of the displacement, stress and plastic zone during the process of construction was analyzed.And using the way to get the right opportunity of support in the soft rock. It is validated that the method is correctusing the monitoring data and the method will be significant for engineering practicability.Features of pipe transportation of paste-likebackfilling in deep mineYang Jiang 135501027Abstract：Based on the pipe transportation of paste-like backfilling system of a certain deep coal mine, dynamics process was simulated and analyzed. A two-dimension dynamic model of extraordinary deep and lone pipe was built by GAMBIT, on the base of which, simulation was done by implicit solver of FLUENT 2ddp. The results show that hydraulic loss of pipe transportation is less than the pressure produced by gravity which means backfilling material can flow by itself; when the inlet velocity is 3.2m/s, the maximumvelocity of 4.10m/s isat the elbow and the maximum velocity in the horizontal pipe is 3.91m/s, which are both sensible to meet the stability requirement. Results of the simulation were proved reliable by the residual monitor plotting of related parameter, so it’s concluded that the system of pipe transportation is safe and reliable.Research on heavy metals pollution in soil along the ortransportationroadsideLi Xiaoyan 135501028ABSTRACT：This paper introduces the main sources and transmission of heavy metal pollution in the ore transportations roadside soil and the detection methods of heavy metals in the soil, and analysis the influence degree of the soil polluted by heavy metals according to the main evaluation standards at this stage. But the present study lack of quantitative impact of heavy metals and can not highlight the defect effects of heavy metals on the biological activity of certain proportion evaluation standard.Experimental investigation on the energy-saving diffuser of a mainfanLi Gang 135501029Abstract: The main fan diffuser in a coal mine is an energy-recycling equipment with a dynamic energy loss for the main fan. Engineering practices and related researches show that the body structures of three types of diffusers are irrational. To solve the problem, an energy-saving diffuser is designed on the basis of the velocity potential theory. Under conditions of inlet velocity from 7 m/s to 32 m/s, 7 condition experiments using the energy-saving diffuser of 2.31 AER (area-enlarging ratio) and 5 condition experiments using the energy-saving diffuser of 2.00 AER were conducted. Through a comparative analysis of the experiments, the results show that the COP (coefficient of performance) of the energy-saving diffuser of 2.31 AER is better than that of the energy-saving diffuser of 2.00 AER.Research of the relation of Campus Environment Design toIdeological educationCao Zhiwei 135501031Abstract: Campus environment is not optimistic in our country, outstanding performance in many ways. Among all of these, the spiritual emptiness is behaved most obvious, in conclusion，there is lack of cultural connotation.The subject that how to educate and govern the inferior students is facing for the ideological workers in college.In this paper, through the study of ideological and political education interaction relationship between the campus environment，clarify the meaning and value of the campus environment design.Analysis the function of ideology education to the campus environment design.Campus environment design research is based on the function of the ideological education helps to promote campus environment.We should make the ideological work become a new magic weapon which can better educatestudents.The Research of Hospital Logistics Management Evaluation SystemBased on MORTTeng Yun 135501032Abstract: This article tries to apply the MORT（Management Oversight and Risk Tree）method into the evaluation of Hospital logistics management,construct hospital logistics management evaluation system with the consideration of the practice ofXiangya hospital, Central South University in the process of actual situation, and eventually puts forward a new method of hospital logistics management, which will provide a new idea of hospital logistics management evaluation and quality supervision and management.Study on the Early Warning System of Coal and Gas OutburstPengHuaide 135501035Abstract: Based on the mechanism of coal and gas outburst, Comprehensively analyzing characteristics of coal and gas outburst, according to collection, summarization and analysis of affecting factors of coal and gas outburst, the principles of selecting early warning indicators were explored. The early warning model of coal and gas outburst was established by SPSS statistical analysis, based on the indicators of the gas density, gas desorption and the initial velocity of drilling gas emission. The early warning system of coal and gas outburst was simulated by Logistic regression analysis. Summarizing the data of coal and gas outburst factors in Lu’an group Tunliu mine, a query database was created inSQL Server to achieve information data query functions of coal and gas outburst. The multivariate information coupled warning was conducted according to the selecting early warning indicator system, and the early warning level was divided with the result of early warning. Based on the visualization capability of ArcGIS, the corresponding warning level was displayed in the area of the drawing of Lu’anTunliu mine to realize the role of visualization of early warning. The establishment of the early warning system is a new technical way to the early warning management of coal and gas outburst, and can provide guarantee to the coal and gas outburst prevention.Research on intrinsic safety method for open-pit miningZhengKaihuan 135501036Abstract：Open-pit mining is a complicated system engineering which has many unsafe factors like large amount of workers,dispersive workplaces,bad natural condition and involute working environment.It is necessary to seek an effective way to realize intrinsic safety for open-pit mining. In order to promoteintrinsic safety of open-pit mining system, intrinsic safety method out of safety theory and practical mining production are combined to form a fullimplementation system of intrinsic safety method for open-pit mining. Then the main implementation contents are systematicallyanalyzed. It is thought that intrinsic。
