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Chicago, 1987, ASCP Press. Copyright 1987, American Society of Clinical Pathologists.)
Sporothrix schenckii on Sabouraud's dextrose agar grown at 25oC colonies are moist and glabrous, with a wrinkled and folded surface. Pigmentation may vary from white to cream to black. © 2006 The University of Adelaide
三 肺孢子菌属
伊氏肺孢子菌(P. jiroveci)为条件感染性真菌，引 起肺孢子菌肺炎，为艾滋病患者常见的并发 症和致死原因，治疗方法: 复方新诺明。
Pneumocystis jiroveci in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. GMS stain shows typical intact and collapsed cysts(孢子囊). (magnification 1000×).
Young sporangia of a Mucor spp. fungus. Mucor is a common indoor mold, and is among the fungi that cause the group of infections known as Mucor rot on peach Photo courtesy Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada zygomycosis. The infection typically involves the rhino-facial-cranial area, lungs, GI tract, skin, or less commonly other organ systems. CDC/Dr. Lucille K. Georg
Aspergilloma(fungal ball) found at post-mortem in the lung of a child with leukaemia. © 2006 The University of Adelaide
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医学微生物学
四、 毛霉
广泛存在于自然界的腐生菌，常引起食 物发生霉变，是一种条件感染性真菌，感 染多发于鼻及耳部，引起坏死性炎症和肉 芽肿，可扩散至全身，引起死亡。
一 生物学性状
1 革兰氏阳性，圆形或卵圆形，以出芽方式繁殖
2 培养特性，普通培养基生长良好，类酵母型菌落。
C. albicans, Gram stain positive
www.fnplzen.cz/mykoatlas/kvasinky/C_albicans_mi_gram_1b.jpg
C. albicans on Sabouraud's dextrose agar
The ecological niches of C. neoformans are pigeon and chicken droppings. But they are not infected. The portal of entry is the respiratory system, then disseminate to other parts of the body but preferentially to the CNS, causing meningoencephalitis. No human to human transmission
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医学微生物学
二、 新生隐球菌
新生隐球菌存在于人体表，口腔及粪便， 也 大量存在于干燥的鸽粪中，通过呼吸道感染 人类，引起隐球菌病 一 生物学性状 1 形态与结构 • 酵母样 • 菌体外有肥厚的荚膜
• 菌体常有出芽
C. neoformans
Image courtesy of Jennifer Lodge
(Candida albicans). It is a patchy to confluent, whitish pseudomembranous lesion composed of epithelial cells, yeasts, and pseudohyphae. Virulence factor: cell adhesion, proteases, et al. CDC
角层癣菌
糠秕bi马拉色菌引起的花斑癣Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor
Typical depigmented lesions seen in dark-skinned individuals, for example in Australian Aborigines.(Pathogen: Malassezia furfur) © 2006 The University of Adelaide
Onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum. (From Hay RJ: Cutaneous and subcutaneous mycoses. In Anaissie EJ, McGinnis MR, Pfaller MA, editors: Clinical mycology, New York, 2003, Churchill Livingstone.)
showing typical cream coloured, smooth surfaced, waxy colonies.25oC
二 致病性：在免疫力低下、菌群失调时，
1. 皮肤黏膜感染: 可发生于皮肤的潮湿及 皱褶部位。鹅口疮 (多见于艾滋病患者，体 质虚弱的婴幼儿)。
Oral thrush
第34章 主要病原性真菌
皮肤癣菌(Dermatophytes) 主要侵犯角化的皮肤、毛发和指（趾） 甲等 浅部感染的真菌。引起皮肤癣病，包括手癣、 足癣、甲癣、头癣、体癣等。包括表皮癣菌属 、毛癣菌属、 和小孢子菌属三个属。
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体癣（Tinea corporis） ：环行红斑， 边界水泡， 搔痒
MRI scans showing multiple cryptococcomas [white masses] in the brain. (Courtesy Prof. Tania Sorrell, Sydney NSW).
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三 微生物学检查 1 直接镜检，墨汁负染 2 分离培养与鉴定 3 抗原检查 4 动物实验
2012-9-17 医学微生物学
Treatment: Local antifungal cream (咪康唑 miconazole) or oral伊曲康唑 itraconazole are effective.
Prevention:
保持皮肤干燥， 远离患者及患病动物
第二节
皮下感染真菌
此类真菌一般存在于土壤和植物，经创 伤部位侵入人体皮下组织。 一般只限局部， 也可引起深部感染。
医学微生物学
治疗: 口服饱和KI溶液, 伊曲康唑
Prevention: Avoid skin lesion.
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第三节 机会致病性真菌
一般属机体正常菌群或广泛分布于土壤、 水、空气中。
一、 白假丝酵母菌
在免疫力低下、菌群失调等情况下念珠菌可引 起皮肤黏膜、内脏、中枢神经等各个部位的感 染，称为念珠菌病，如鹅口疮、呼吸道炎症等。
Tinea corporis lesions on this patient‟s abdomen due to the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. www.hudlegekontoret.no .
Skin ngs taken from patients in 10% KOH, and show hyphae under microscope. fungiqual-a.de
2. 内脏及中枢神经系统感染
Gross pathology of rabbit kidney lesions due to experimental Candida albicans infection. Rabbit was cortisone-treated. CDC
四 防治原则:
• 去除危险因素，酮康唑。
包括: 申克孢子丝菌
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• 申克孢子丝菌可引起孢子丝菌病 • 也可引起深部感染。
Classic lymphocutaneous form of sporotrichosis demonstrating a chain of subcutaneous nodules along the lymphatic drainage of the arm. (From Chandler FW, Watts JC: Pathologic diagnosis of fungal infections,
2012-9-17
Microscopic morphology of the mycelial form of Sporothrix schenckii when grown on Sabouraud„s dextrose agar at 25oC. Note clusters of ovoid conidia（分生孢子） produced sympodially on short conidiophores arising at right angles from the thin septate hyphae.
二 致病性 传染源：鸽粪 传播途径：呼吸道 该菌为条件感染，发生于肺部，能自愈， 严重者可爆发型感染，血行播散，致中枢 神经系统， 导致死亡。
