宾语从句状语从句定语从句专练
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宾语从句 状语从句 定语从句 专练
（一）宾语从句
1、宾语从句的概念
假如宾语局部是由一个句子充当，则被称为宾语从句。我们以前学过的间接引语实质上就是宾语从句。
2、宾语从句的三要素——引导词、语序、时态
(1)引导词：宾语从句是陈述句时，引导词用that；宾语从句是一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether；宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，直接用特殊疑问词做引导词，后面变为陈述词序，如who, what, why, where, whose等。
（2）语序：不管什么类型的宾语从句，总是用陈述句语序。即：从句的引导词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序。当引导词作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。
（3）时态：主句和从句的时态必须保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从句可根据需要选择各种时态，即主现从任意，假如主句是一般过去时，从句只能用过去的某种时态即主过从过去。
可简单总结为：宾语从句三件事，时态语序引导词；
主从时态要一致，陈述语序才适宜；
一般问句做从句，引导词if别忘记；
特殊问句做宾从，特殊问词莫漏掉。
[提醒]
A. 准确使用引导词
1) 当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时，引导词为that (that在口语或非正式文体中能够省略)。
以下动词后面常跟that 引导的宾语从句：say, think, hope, hear, feel, decide, agree, mean,
remember, wish等
“be+形容词”结构后也常接that引导的宾语从句，如be加afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sure,
surprised, thankful, worried等。
2) 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，引导词由原来的疑问代词或疑问副词充当。
3) 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转变而来时，引导词为whether或if。
以下动词或词组后面常接whether或if引导的宾语从句：ask, know, find out, tell, wonder,
understand，question, doubt等。
B. 准确使用时态
1) 主句为过去时态，从句也要相对应地选用过去的某种时态。
2) 主句为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句时态的影响，能够根据需要任意选择一种时态。
3) 当宾语从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句及谚语等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律使用原时态(通常是一般现在时)。
C. 准确使用语序
在含有宾语从句的复合句中，不管宾语从句由哪种句式转变而来，从句都必须采用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+(其他)”的结构。
句中where he lives不能改为where does he live。
D. 准确使用标点
宾语从句句末的标点符号应根据主句来确定。
E. 人称的呼应
在宾语从句中，从句的人称有时需根据主句的需要而作相对应的变化。
F. 否认的转移
当主句的谓语为think, believe 等, 且主句主语为第一人称时，宾语从句中的否认词not
应移到主句的谓语动词上来。
考题链接：
( ) 1. I didn’t understand ______, so I raised my hand to ask. A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say
C. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say
( ) 2. — Did Mr. White tell you ______?
— Yes. He said he went there in 2003.
A. when he travelled to Tibet B. how he goes to Wuhan
C. where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit Kunming
( ) 3. — Could you please tell me ______?
— Bus No.32 will take you right there.
A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like
C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum
( ) 4. — Do you know ______ now?
— In the People’s Hotel.
A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work
C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked
( ) 5. — Excuse me, could you tell me ______?
— There’s a bank on the second floor. You can make it there.
A. where I can change money B. how I can get to the bank
C. if there’s a bank near here D. where the bank is
( ) 6. Our physics teacher told us light ______faster than sound last term.
A. travels B. travel C. travelled D. traveling
（二）状语从句
在复合句中作状语成分的从句称为状语从句。常见状语从句可分为：时间、原因、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、目的状语从句等。
1、时间和条件状语从句
由before, after, when, while, since, until, as, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及由if，unless引导的条件状语从句，若主句出现以下四种情况之一时，则从句用一般现在时。
（1）当主句谓语是一般将来时时。如：
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.
He will come here on time unless it rains.
（2）当主句是祈使句时。如：
Let him call me as soon as he comes back.
Please stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
（3）当主句的谓语含有can, may, must等情态动词时。如：
She can’t help you until you tell her the truth.
You must stop when the traffic lights are red.
（4）当主句的谓语是hope, wish, want等动词时。如：
I want to go there if the rain stops.
友情提示： 1. since引导的时间状语从句如用一般过去时，则主句常用现在完成时。
2. when引导的时间状语从句如用一般过去时，则主句常用过去实行时或过去完成时。
3. “祈使句 + or + 陈述句”这个并列句常可与if或unless引导的条件状语从句实行同义句转换。
考题链接：
(1)If you late tomorrow morning, you won’t catch the early bus.
A. get up
B. don’t get up
C. will get up (2) I didn’t know he came back I met him in the street.
A. since B. when
C. until D. after
(3) Hurry up! Or you will miss the train. (改为同义句)
you hurry up, you will miss the train.
2、原因状语从句
原因状语从句能够由as, because, since等引导。在引导原因状语从句时，because语气最强，其次是as和since。由why提出的问句要用because来回答。
友情提示：because与so不能在同一个复合句中使用。
考题链接
(1)I keep an English diary it helps me improve my writing skill.
A. how B. when
C. because D. if
(2) his leg was hurt, he walked slowly.
A. Because; so B. Because; /
C. Although; but D. Although; /
(3) I collect toys because they are beautiful. (对画线局部提问)
you collect toys?
3、让步状语从句
让步状语从句一般由though / although, even if / though 等连词来引导。
提示：though / although与but不能在一个复合句中同时使用。
考题链接
( )1. I will never forget that terrible accident it happened so long ago.
A. only if B. even though
C. only when D. ever since
( )2. it is dark now, the workers go on working there.
A. Though B. Because C. As
4、比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般由as和than引导。
考题链接
( )1. Our village has changed a lot, and it becomes before.
A. so beautiful as B. as beautifully as
C. more beautiful than D. much more beautiful
( )2. Don’t just believe the advertisement. That kind of camera is it says.
