国产TDR-6000穿墙探测雷达
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滑坡监测技术最新进展——OTDR技术吴统一; 王勃慧【期刊名称】《《电子测试》》【年(卷),期】2013(000)006【总页数】2页(P100-101)【关键词】滑坡; 监测; 进展; 光时域反射【作者】吴统一; 王勃慧【作者单位】青海省核工业地质局西宁810008【正文语种】中文根据国内外对滑坡监测技术的研究,滑坡监测的复杂性在于工程岩体的复杂性。
滑坡在形成和存在的整个地质过程中,经历多次的地质变化,承受构造力的影响,诸多影响互相联系互相作用,决定了复杂性是滑坡的本质属性。
1 同OTDR相关技术介绍《滑坡地质灾害TDR监测技术研究》一文,以开展滑坡监测的TDR 技术研究为主体,TDR监测技术产生于上世纪30年代,TDR的输出信号是脉冲电压,测试对象是反射系数。
其在滑坡监测中的作用越来越引起人们重视。
TDR技术又称“闭路雷达”,与雷达技术的工作原理基本相同。
TDR滑坡监测技术的原理:在待监测的岩体或土体中钻孔,将同轴电缆放置于钻孔中,顶端与TDR 测试仪相连,并以砂浆填充电缆与钻孔之间的空隙,以保证同轴电缆与岩体或土体的同步变形。
岩体或土体的位移和变形使埋置于其中的同轴电缆产生剪切、拉伸变形,从而导致其局部特性阻抗的变化,电磁波将在这些阻抗变化区域发生反射和透射,并反映于TDR 波形之中。
通过对波形的分析,结合室内标定试验建立起的剪切和拉伸与TDR 波形的量化关系,便可掌握岩体或土体的变形和位移状况。
同时随着社会的发展,OTDR技术也在滑坡监测系统中不断的得到了完善,OTDR 即“光时域反射计 (Optical Time Domain Reflection,简称OTDR)是1977年Barnoski博士发明的,是用于检验光纤损耗特性、光纤故障检测的一种有利手段。
由于光纤中存在折射率的微观不均匀性,射入一束光脉冲会产生瑞利(Rayleigh)散射。
”[2]有许多文献都对OTDR技术进行了研究,分析滑坡监测的基本原理与监测方法。
合同附件2:RBT-6000-ZLG型气体探测器产品概述:RBT-6000-ZLG型气体探测器是按照GB15322.1-2003、GB12358-2006设计的工业用可燃气体、有毒有害气体安全检测仪器。
该探测器为双腔体结构设计,防爆等级为Exd II CT6 Gb,防护等级为IP65,适用于化工、户外灌区等环境下。
可通过RBK-6000-ZL系列控制器实现校零、标定。
两线制无极性供电和信号传输,安装简单,布线经济。
主要特点:·测量准确传感器采用进口气体敏感元件,精度高,零点漂移小,抗中毒性能好。
·防爆型设计可用于工厂条件的1、2区危险场合。
·维修方便传感器采用数字化模组设计,现场更换时无需校零、标定。
·声光报警(选配)可选择配接RAS-6000型防爆声光报警灯,实现现场声光报警。
·防水设计专业的双腔体结构设计,适用于户外环境。
技术参数:·电气供电电源:DC36V±15%最大功率:<1W通讯方式:M-BUS 总线信号输出:一组无源常开信号连接线缆:RVS 2×2.5mm2准确度:±5%FS检测原理:催化燃烧式、电化学式、红外式、半导体式响应时间:催化燃烧式 T90<30s电化学式 T90<60s红外式 T90<90s半导体式 T90<60s·认证天津:Exd II C T6 Gb公安部:消防产品合格评定中心应用标准:GB15322.1-2003,GB12358-2006·环境IP等级:IP65工作温度:-40℃~70℃湿度范围:10%RH~95%RH压力范围:86Kpa~106Kpa存储温度:-25℃~55℃产品安装:·材料:铸铝·防爆连接螺纹:G3/4" 内螺纹·外形尺寸:190mm×130mm×75mm·重量:1.5kg·安装方式:贴壁式、抱管式、穿管式·配套使用的控制器:RBK-6000-ZL60、RBK-6000-ZL30、RBK-6000-ZL9型气体报警控制器。
RBK-6000-6型可燃/有毒气体报警控制器使用说明书济南瑞安电子有限公司您的满意我们的希望,您的希望我们的愿望目录1.产品概述 (5)2.技术指标 (6)3.产品介绍 (7)3-1产品的使用 (8)3-2功能设置与操作级别 (9)3-2-1一级操作 (9)3-2-2二级操作 (9)3-2-3三级操作 (10)4.控制器尺寸及安装接线图 (14)4-1控制器尺寸 (14)4-2控制器接线板说明 (14)4-3控制器与探测器的连接 (16)4-4控制器信号输出 (17)4-4-1开关量信号输出(标准配置) (17)4-4-2 4~20mA信号输出(选配) (20)4-4-3 485信号输出(标准配置) (20)5.与控制器配套使用的探测器 (21)5-1 探测器技术参数 (21)5-2 探测器尺寸 (22)5-3 安装位置 (22)6.产品的维护 (23)6-1注意事项 (23)6-2常见故障的分析与排除 (24)6-3保修期 (24)1.产品概述RBK-6000-6型可燃/有毒气体报警控制器适用于气体生产、储存、灌充使用的环境中,并通过控制器中央处理器对探测器上传的数据进行的相应的处理,最终完成数据的显示,信号输出、历史记录等功能。
RBK-6000-6型可燃/有毒气体报警控制器与RBT-6000系列点型气体探测器配套使用。
RBT-6000系列点型气体探测器,允许适用于具有防爆要求的场所。
RBK-6000-6型可燃/有毒气体报警控制器采用了壁挂式箱体设计,安装简单,操作方便。
探测器采用工业专用防爆装置,气敏传感器采用进口元器件,检测灵敏度高,检测范围广泛。
电子电路采用先进的微电脑技术,全数字化信号处理,操作简单、直观。
本产品的设计、制造及检验均遵循以下国家标准:GB16808-2008《可燃气体报警控制器》GB12358-2006《作业场所环境气体检测报警仪通用技术要求》GB15322.1-2003 《测量范围为0~100%LEL的点型可燃气体探测器》2. 技术指标安装方式:壁挂式安装工作电压:主电:AC(180~260) V备电:24VDC/7AH(可选)额定功率:≤3W工作温度: (0~+40)℃工作湿度: (10~95)%RH探测器输入:三线制(≥3×0.75mm2国标线)报警方式:声音报警:分故障报警,浓度报警两种不同的声音;光报警:通过发光二极管显示出相应的电源故障、浓度报警或是探测器故障。
导波雷达(TDR )物位计外壳和传感器采用模块化设计,适合于不同的安装要求适用于液体和固体测量的通用型测量仪表符合 IEC61508 标准的 SIL2安全相关系统OPTIFLEX 2200 C/F• • •技术数据表1 仪表特性1.1 模块化 TDR 解决方案 1.2 概述 1.3 应用 1.4 导波天线的选型 1.5 测量原理 2 技术参数2.1 技术参数 2.2 最低供电电压 2.3 压力/法兰温度选型表 2.4 测量限制 2.5 尺寸和重量3 安装3.1 适用场合 3.2 仪表安装前对罐体的准备 3.2.1 安装管嘴通用信息 3.2.2 混凝土罐顶的安装要求 3.3 液体测量安装建议 3.3.1 通用要求 3.3.2 立管(导波管和旁通管)中的安装 3.4 固体测量安装建议 3.4.1 锥形料仓安装管嘴 4 电气连接4.1 电气安装:2 线制,回路供电 4.1.1 一体型 4.1.2 分体型 4.2 非防爆仪表 4.3 防爆危险区域认证 4.4 网络 4.4.1 通用信息 4.4.2 点能点网络连接 4.4.3 多支点网络连接5 订货代码5.1 订货代码............................................................................................................................3.......................................................................................................................................................5.......................................................................................................................................................7....................................................................................................................................8.. (9)..............................................................................................................................................10.......................................................................................................................................15...........................................................................................................................16..............................................................................................................................................17 (20)..............................................................................................................................................28....................................................................................................................28......................................................................................................................28..............................................................................................................30...............................................................................................................................31.....................................................................................................................................31............................................................................................32...............................................................................................................................34. (34).............................................................................................................35........................................................................................................................................35........................................................................................................................................35..........................................................................................................................................36...............................................................................................................................37.....................................................................................................................................................37.....................................................................................................................................37.........................................................................................................................37..............................................................................................................................................38. (39)2目录产品特点1.1模块化 TDR 解决方案本仪表采用 TDR 原理测量距离,物位,容积和质量。
PT1cn-1093指示警报单元RM-6000系列使用说明书邮编:174-8744东京都板桥区小豆泽 2-7-6主页:https://www.rikenkeiki.co.jp/目录1.产品概要 (2)1-1.前言 (2)1-2.使用目的 (2)1-3.危险、警告、注意、注记的定义 (2)1-4.CE/UKCA标志认证的确认方法 (3)2.安全上的重要事项 (4)2-1.危险事项 (4)2-2.警告事项 (4)2-3.注意事项 (5)3.产品组成 (6)3-1.主机及附件 (6)3-2.外形图 (7)3-3.各部名称与作用 (8)3-4.框图 (11)4.使用方法 (12)4-1.使用时 (12)4-2.关于安装场所的注意事项 (12)4-3.系统设计上的注意事项 (13)4-4.安装方法 (15)4-5.配线方法 (17)5.操作方法 (25)5-1.启动准备 (25)5-2.基本动作流程 (25)5-3.启动方法 (25)5-4.关于各种模式 (26)5-5.检测模式 (28)5-6.警报测试模式 (30)5-7.用户模式 (31)5-8.结束方法 (35)6.各种动作和功能 (36)6-1.气体警报动作 (36)6-2.故障警报动作 (39)6-3.外部输出动作 (40)6-4.关于各种功能 (42)7.保养检查 (44)7-1.检查频率和检查项目 (44)7-2.定期检查模式 (45)7-3.气体校正方法 (60)7-4.清扫方法 (63)7-5.保险丝的更换方法 (63)8.关于储存、移机和报废 (64)8-1.储存或长期不使用时的处理 (64)8-2.移机或重新使用时的处理 (64)8-3.产品的报废 (64)9.故障排除 (65)10.产品规格 (67)10-1.规格一览 (67)10-2.附件一览 (68)11.术语的定义 (69)1.产品概要1-1.前言感谢您购买气体检测警报器用RM-6000系列指示警报单元。
名称:SJ-6000生命探测雷达编号:Pro200931714519型号:SJ-6000出品公司:西安必肯科技应用领域:地震搜救建筑物坍塌搜救雪崩搜救等典型用户:消防特勤人防专业救援队地震局等核心优势1、强穿透性:通过雷达发射电磁波可穿透废墟最远达24米,准确探测废墟下人体的体动、呼吸、心跳等生命信号,不受外界环境干扰;2、精确定位:通过超宽谱雷达高分辨率特性,对被测目标的定位精度可达厘米级;3、遥控操作:利用Wi-Fi通讯技术,对雷达进行远距离遥控操作,操作人员可远离危险的环境进行操作,遥控距离最远可达100米;4、售后服务:完全自主研发制造,可对用户实现终身随时上门维修,维修期间可免费提供备用设备供用户使用;5、免费升级:当系统软件有更新时,及时给用户设备进行免费升级,提高设备的功能与性能。
SJ-6000生命探测雷达技术参数(此技术指标已列为西安必肯科技发展有限公司的企业标准)1、雷达发射类型:超宽谱脉冲雷达2、天线:400MHz增强型介质耦合超宽带天线3、探测距离:最远达24m4、穿透能力:穿透42㎝砖墙后,可探测到18m内静止生命体呼吸信号及24m内运动生命体呼吸信号5、探测张角:≥±60º(120º)6、探测范围最大探测水平面积:5200 m2最大探测锥体体积:41000 m37、扫描方式:分层精确扫描8、数据传输方式:Wi-Fi无线数据传输和内置式USB 接口数据传输方式9、遥控距离:雷达生命探测仪与掌上电脑之间为无线遥控操作,遥控距离≥100m10、定位精度:厘米级距离定位11、判别方式:智能判别、自动指示生命目标12、操作系统:全中文操作系统13、探测软件:生命体识别系统软件V12.0(算法增强版)14、连续工作时间:≥10小时15、时间适应性展开时间≤1min撤收时间≤1min16、工作温度:-20℃~ +60℃17、三防能力:整机具有防水、防震、防尘能力,同时具有抗冲击能力18、探测主机及掌上电脑:人体工学和抗冲击工程设计19、外型尺寸探测主机:452×358×206㎜显示控制器:129×74×30㎜抗震三防外包装箱:625×500×366㎜20、重量探测主机:≤7.5kg显示控制器:≤0.23kg抗震三防外包装箱:8.4kg21、装箱清单雷达探测器主机1台显示控制器1台雷达探测器充电电源线1套显示控制器充电器1套抗震三防外包装箱1套电池一块(内置)部分合作用户上一篇:警视-2穿墙探人雷达下一篇:SJ-3000生命探测雷达【刷新页面】【加入收藏】【打印此文】【关闭窗口】。
3. Operating The ESD-6000:A. Turn On and Adjust VolumeB. Set Display BrightnessC. Set City/Highway ModeD. MutingE. Indicators and Visual Alerts PowerX Band RadarK and Ka Band RadarLaserVG-2Safety Alert® Traffic Warning SystemCity/Highway ModeNORMALLOWOFFInstalling and Using YourDETECTION SYSTEM Model ESD ™-6000U.S. Patent No. 5,497,148Cobra Electronics Corporation 6500 West Cortland Street,Chicago, Illinois 60707PRINTED IN KOREA©1997 COBRAELECTRONICS CORPORATION 480-260-P-0011. What You’ll Need To Install The ESD-6000:NOTE: Detailed instructions on opposite sideESD-6000Windshield BracketHook and Loop Material Power Cord(For on-dash mounting)ON WINDSHIELD ON DASHATTACH CUPS TO BRACKET PEEL PROTECTIVE PAPER OFF ONE SIDE OF HOOK AND LOOPATTACH BRACKET TO WINDSHIELDPLACE ON DASHATTACH DETECTOR TO BRACKETPEEL TOP PAPER OFFBEND BRACKET FOR CORRECT DETECTION ANGLE (IF NEEDED)PLACE DETECTOR ON HOOK AND LOOP PADPLUG POWER CORD INTO DETECTORPOWER CORD INTO DETECTORPLUG POWER CORD INTO CIGARETTE LIGHTERPLUG POWER CORD INTO CIGARETTE LIGHTER2. Installing The ESD-6000:NEED HELP?CITY: For urban driving-reduces number of X-Band false audible alerts. HIGHWAY: For all other driving.Press to reduce volume of audible alert in progress.LEDs are briefly illuminated at Power ONIlluminates when OnBlinks faster as source approaches Blinks at a steady rate Both turn onBlinks at a steady rateAll FlashT urn on sequentially as source approachesBlinks faster as source approaches Turn on sequentially as source approachesIlluminates in CITY mode±±±C. Radar FrequenciesThere are now three frequencies that have been approved by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) for use in speed monitoring equipment.They are: X Band (10.525 GHz), K Band (24.150 GHz), Ka Band (33.400—36.000 GHz)Your Cobra ESD-6000 can detect signals in all three bands including photo radar and STA L K E R radar which use the Ka band, Cobra Safety Alert signals on the K band, VG-2 and laser.D. Facts About LIDAR (Laser)•What is LIDAR?LIDAR stands for Light Detection And Ranging. While everyone refers to it as LASER the correct name is LIDAR.•How does LIDAR work?LIDAR operates a lot like RADAR. Like RADAR, it spreads out. Not as quickly, but it does spread, as shown on the diagram below.LIDARs must have a clear line of sight to target a vehicle during the entire measurement inter-val. Intervening objects such as signposts, utility poles, tree branches, etc., will prevent a valid speed reading.•Does weather have any effect on LIDAR?Yes, rain, snow, smoke, fog, and airborne dust particles will all reduce the effective range, and if s u f ficiently dense, may prevent its operation.•Can LIDAR operate through glass?No, LIDAR guns cannot obtain readings through any glass. But the laser pulse can be received through glass to easily and quickly trigger a laser detector's alarm. •Can LIDAR operate while moving?No, since LIDAR is line of sight, an officer cannot drive, aim, and shoot while driving. •Is a LIDAR DETECTOR legal to use?Yes, it is legal in all 50 states.IV. Detection AlertB.Facts About the Safety Alert ®Traffic Warning SystemFCC-approved Safety Alert Transmitters emit microwave radar signals to indicate the presence of a safety-related concern. Depending on the frequency of these signals, as set on the transmit-ter, the outgoing signal can indicate whether the transmitter is on a speeding emergency vehicle or train, or at a stationary road hazard location.These microwave signals are located in the K-band and as a result, any radar detector which detects K-band radar will detect these Safety signals as standard K-band radar alerts. However,unlike a standard radar detector, your Cobra ESD-6000is designed to differentiate between a standard K-band alert and a Safety Alert.Since Safety technology is relatively new and the number of transmitters in operation is not yet wide-spread, you may not receive Safety alerts on a daily basis and should not be surprised to encounter some emergency vehicles, road hazards and trains that are not yet equipped with these transmitters and therefore fail to provide a signal. As Safety transmitters become more prevalent (the number of operating transmitters is growing every day), these Safety Alerts will become more common.I. IntroductionCongratulations!You have just purchased the most sophisticated RADAR/LASER DETECTOR available today. This booklet contains instructions and information designed so that you will be able to understand how the Cobra ESD ™-6000 works and how radar and (LIDAR) laser are used. Enjoy your Cobra ESD-6000 Radar/Laser Detector and DRIVE SAFELY.Federal Law Governing Use of Radar DetectorsIt is not against Federal Law to receive radar transmissions on your COBRA Radar Detector. The Communications Act of 1934 guarantees your right to receive radio transmis-sions on any frequency. Local laws that contravene the Communications Act of 1934, while illegal, may be enforced by your local law enforcement officials until and unless they are prohibited from doing so by Federal Court action.WARNING : Before leaving your car, make sure that you conceal your radar detector. This will reduce the possibili-ty of break-in and theft of your unit.Use of this product is not intended to, and does not, ensure that the motorist and any passenger will not be involved in a traffic accident. It is only intended to alert the motorist that an emergency or service vehicle equipped with a CODE 3 or Cobra Safety Alert Transmitter is in the area as defined by the range of the prod-uct. Motorists are expected to exercise all due caution while using this product,and to observe and follow all applicable traffic laws. Operators of emergency or service vehicles are also expected to exercise all due caution while using this product, and to observe and follow all applicable traffic laws.c.Mounting on WindshieldTo install the Cobra ESD-6000 onto the windshield,simply press it firmly on to the glass. Sometimes the suction cups adhere better if they are slightly moistened. In cold weather, you may need to warm the suction cups before application.d.AdjustmentIf necessary to achieve correct angle,remove thedetector from the bracket and the bracket from the windshield. Adjust the bracket by bending it.DO NOT BEND THE BRACKET USING THE ESD-6000AS A LEVER.e.RemovalTo remove the Cobra ESD-6000 from your windshield, release each suction cup by lifting one edge with your finger, or by pulling on tab.2.Dashboard MountingMounting your ESD-6000 to the dashboard of your vehicle requires a clear, level unobstructed view of the road for the detector, without blocking the driver's vision.Select a mounting position that allows the detector to have a clear view of the road ahead. Using the hook and loop material provided, proceed as follows: (See illustra-tion on reverse side)a.Remove backing from one side and apply to dash.b.Clean dashboard with common rubbing alcohol to remove dirt and grease.Remove backing from other side and place detector on top. Let adhesive set.Note: With this hook and loop material dashboard mounting, it's easy for you to remove and reinstall your Cobra ESD-6000 detector at any time.Remember: Without means to adjust the angle of the detector (when mounted as above),be sure you that your Cobra ESD-6000 has a level, clear view of the road before you attach the hook and loop material.II. InstallationA. LocationSelecting the proper location to mount the Cobra ESD-6000 is very important for optimum performance. Both radar and laser transmissions pass through glass but not through other objects. For this reason the Cobra ESD-6000 lens must not be blocked. It is best to locate your detector in the middle of the front windshield.Examples of metal in the windshield area that can block or weaken incoming radar/laser signals:1.Windshield wiper blades. Mount your Cobra ESD-6000 so that it will NOT be behind the blades when they are at rest.2.Mirrored sun screens. It is recommended that sun screens be removed, or they may impair the performance of your Cobra ESD-6000 by acting as an impenetrable barrier to radar/laser signals.3.Regular tinted glass does not affect radar reception, although the darker tint at the top of the tinted windshield prevents laser light from penetrating.4.Heated windshields, currently available as an option for some Ford ®(Instaclear) and GM ®(Electriclear) vehicles act as an impenetrable barrier to radar signals. (If in doubt,check with your dealer to see if this applies to your vehicle).B. Mounting1. Windshield MountingThe WINDSHIELD MOUNTING BRACKET offers convenient mounting to windshields and provides for easy movement of detector between vehicles.Note: Some new vehicles have a soft plastic coating on the inside surface of the windshield. Suction cups can permanently mark this "anti-lacerative" coating.Check with your owner's manual to see if this applies to your vehicle.a.Assemble suction cup on bracket by putting round “buttons” through larger holes in the bracket and pressing them toward the outside edges until they snap into position.b.Install bracket to detector: align bracket with slot on rear of detector and slide bracket into opening. To remove bracket from detector, simply pull bracket out of slot.G.Band Alarm IndicatorsWhen the Cobra ESD-6000 detects an X-band radar signal, the red "X" Visual Alarm Indicator (LED) will flash in unison with the X-Band audio tone. When the ESD-6000detects either a K-band or a Ka-band radar signal, the amber "K/Ka" Visual Alarm Indicator will flash in unison with the K or Ka Band audio tone. When the ESD-6000 detects pulses of laser light, the yellow "L" LED will flash in unison with the Laser tone. When VG-2 is detected, the amber "VG-2" LED will flash with an audio tone. When a Safety Alert signal is detected, all LEDs except POWER will flash.H.Mute ButtonThe mute function is controlled by a momentary button. Pressing MUTE will eliminate the audio during the alert in progress. The detector will automatically reset to normal opera-tion after the alert has passed. It will also reset to normal any time the detector is turned off. I.City/HighwayThe Highway/City function is controlled by a 2-step momentary button. The Highway mode is automatically engaged when the unit is powered up. To engage City Mode, pre s s down on the Highway/City button. A g r een LED will light to indicate that the detector is in City Mode. To reactivate the Highway Mode simply press down on the Highway/City but-ton again. The green LED will go dark to indicate that the detector is in Highway Mode.In the Highway Mode, your Cobra ESD-6000 operates at full sensitivity on all three radar bands plus laser.In the City Mode, the X-band audio alert sensitivity is lowered to reduce false alerts. In or near cities, there are many sources of false radar signals. Microwave relay towers for tele-phone and TV signaling, anti-shoplifting systems and bank alarms–all are examples of false X-band sources.K.Dim ButtonYou may select from three levels of brightness for your Cobra ESD-6000 display: Normal,Low, and Dark. Each time you turn your ESD-6000 on, the display is automatically set to full brightness. Pressing once on the Dim Button reduces the display brightness to Low;pressing a second time turns the display off; pressing a third time returns the display to Normal.III. OperationA.Band DetectionThis detector is designed to detect X, K, Superwide Ka Band Radar, Laser, VG-2, and Safety Alert signals.B.Signal Strength MeterThe Signal Strength Meter on your detector indicates relative range. The meter is made up of the Visual Alarm Indicators (see section I) for low level radar/laser signals and the Signal Strength LEDs for stronger signals.C.Audible Alarm IndicatorA different alert tone will sound for X, K, Ka, Las er, VG-2 and Safety signals. These sounds are demonstrated during the power-on sequence each time y ou turn your Cobra ESD-6000 on. D. Instant-on DetectionThe Cobra ESD-6000 is also designed to detect Instant-on speed monitoring signals. Immediate action is required when warning is given.E.Power/Volume ControlPlug the Cobra ESD-6000 power adapter cord into POWER connector. Insert other end into cigarette lighter of the vehicle. The POWER/VOLUME CONTROLon the left side of the Cobra ESD-6000 controls power and regulates the audible alert volume. To turn on,turn the thumbwheel away from you. Each time the unit is turned on, an automatic test pattern takes place:•This pattern consists of the Alarm Indicators and SIGNAL STRENGTH METER illuminating in unison with the audio alarm for two seconds.•The green POWER LED remains illuminated after the test sequence is completed.F.VG-2 UndetectableSome states or municipalities use devices referred to as “VG-2”. The VG-2 device detects low level energy radiated by the internal oscillators of radar detectors. The VG-2 device also radiates a similar type of energy. The ESD-6000 detects the VG-2’s radiation before the VG-2 can detect the ESD-6000. The ESD-6000 then briefly turns off its internal oscillator,rendering it invisible to the VG-2, and alerts you to VG-2’s presence. During these short intervals, the ESD-6000 is not able to receive radar or Safety Alert signals (laser reception is not affected). Once past the VG-2, the ESD-6000 returns to normal operation.A.Radar/VG-2/Laser AlertsV . MaintenanceYour COBRAESD-6000 RADAR/LASER DETECTOR will give you years of trouble-free service with minimum maintenance.Replacing Power Cord FuseU n scr ew cap of cigarette lighter adapter and remove fuse. Replace with 1-ampere fuse only.TroubleshootingIf your COBRALASER DETECTOR ESD-6000 isn’t operating, we suggest you make the follow-ing checks:1.Is the power cord properly connected?2.Is the fuse OK?3.Is the cigarette lighter socket clean and free from corrosion?Limited One Year WarrantyC O B R A ELECTRONICS CORPORATION warrants that its COBRAradar detectors, and the component parts thereof, will be free of defects in workmanship and materials for a period of one (1) year from the date of first consumer purchase. This warranty may be enforced by the first consumer purc h a s e r , provided that the product is utilized within the U.S.A.C O B R A will, without charge, repair or replace, at its option, defective radar detectors, products or component parts upon delivery to the COBRAfactory Service Department, accompanied by proof of the date of first consumer purchase, such as a duplicated copy of a sales re c e i p t .You must pay any initial shipping charges required to ship the product for warranty service, but the return charges will be at Cobra's expense, if the product is repaired or replaced under war-ranty. For further details concerning procedures for obtaining service, see the “If You Think You Need Service” section of the Owner’s Manual.Exclusions: This limited warranty does not apply; 1) to any product damaged by accident; 2) in the event of misuse or abuse of the product or as a result of unauthorized alterations or repairs;3) if the serial number has been altered, defaced or removed; 4) if the owner of the product resides outside the U.S.A.All implied warranties, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are limited in duration to the length of this warranty.COBRA shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential or other damages; including,without limitation, damages resulting from loss of use or cost of installation.Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts and/or do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limita-tions may not apply to you.COBRA ELECTRONICS CORPORATION 6500 W. Cortland Street, Chicago, Illinois 60707Allow 4 to 6 weeks delivery. Offer valid in Continental U.S. only.55Illinois residents add 7%55Cook County, ILresidents additional .75% (7.75% total)55Chicago, ILresidents additional 1% (8.75% total)55Indiana residents add 5%55Michigan residents add 6 %55Ohio residents add 6%55Wisconsin residents add appropriate %Amount__________(Tax if applicable @@)__________Shipping/handling $3.75T otal @__________Make check or money order (no stamps) payable to Cobra Electronics and mail with this order form to:Cobra Accessories Dept.6500 W. Cortland St., Chicago, IL 60707Call 773-889-3087, or fax 773-622-2269 for credit card orders Allow 4 to 6 weeks for delivery. Offer valid in Continental U.S. only.(Prices subject to change without notice.)Please print clearly: Name__________________________________________________________________Address (Not P. O. Box)____________________________________________________City ________________________________State____________Zip ________________Telephone No. (________)________________________________________________Credit Card No.______________________________________Exp. Date ____________Customer Signature __________________________________________Circle One:Visa MasterCard DiscoverIf You Think You Need Service, Call 773-889-3087If your product should require factory service please call Cobra first before sendingyour unit in. This will ensure the fastest turnaround time on your repair.You may be asked to send your unit to the Cobra factory. It will be necessary to furnish the following, in order to have the product serviced and returned.1.For Warranty Repair, include some form of proof-of-purchase, such as a mechanical reproduction or carbon or sales receipt. If you send the original receipt it cannot be returned.2.Send the entire product. For example–must include detector, bracket with suction cups,and cord.3.Enclose a description of what is happening with the unit. Include a typed or clearly printed name and address of where the unit is to be returned.4.Pack unit securely to prevent damage in transit. If possible, use the original packing materi-a l .5.Ship prepaid and insured by way of a traceable carrier (to avoid loss in transit) such as United Parcel Service (UPS), Roadway Parcel Service (RPS), or First Class Insured Mail to Cobra Factory Service, Cobra Electronics Corporation, 6500 W. Cortland St., Chicago,IL 60707. Cobra is not responsible for units not received if package has not been prop-erly insured.6.If the unit is in warranty, upon receipt of your unit it will either be repaired or exchanged depending on the model. Please allow approximately 3 to 4 weeks before contacting us for status. If the unit is out of warranty a letter will automatically be sent informing you of the repair charge or replacement charge. If you have any questions,please call 773-889-3087 for assistance.For technical assistance, please call our Automated Help Desk which can assist you by answering the most frequently askedquestions about Cobra products.(773) 889-308724 hours a day, 7 days a week.A Consumer Service Representative can be reached through this same number 8:00 am - 8:00 pm, Monday through Friday, CST.Technical assistance is also available on-line in the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) section at or by e-mail to*************************。
国产TDR-6000穿墙探测雷达
作者:裴可琦
来源:《兵器知识》2010年第11期
现代战争和未来战场上,巷战已不可避免,尤其在区域性冲突和反恐斗争中,它将成为战争的主体样式。
在巷战中,双方往往利用各类地形,如地堡、沟壕、废砖墙等进行隐蔽,在交火过程中占据主动权,极大地提高了作战效力。
因此,详细而又全面地侦察作战环境至关重要,研制适合城市作战、能够穿墙越障,监测和定位隐藏目标的穿墙雷达系统势在必行。
研究现状
穿墙探测雷达的研究兴起于20世纪90年代,经过十几年的发展,开发出了多种穿墙探测的技术手段,研制了多种试验样机,其中两大类产品已进入初步实用阶段。
一类是利用雷达生命特征信号监测技术的“生命信号监测仪”。
如美国GTRI研制出了一种手电筒式“Radar Flashlight”,利用多普勒原理,遥测墙另一侧的运动,比如人的心跳和呼吸速率,从而探测位于墙壁、房门、树丛后的人员。
该雷达既可以探测到房间内部的运动对象,也可以探测到静止对象,但前者的作用距离比后者远得多。
该装置目前仅能固定使用,还不能在运动中使用。
类似的系统还有俄罗斯遥感实验室设计的RASCAN,其工作频率范围为l赫兹~10G赫兹,波长3~30厘米,可以远距离探测到10厘米厚混凝土墙后的人员。
另一类是利用超宽带原理的穿墙探测雷达。
那么,什么是超宽带技术(UWB:UltraWideBand)呢?它是1960年作为军用雷达技术被开发出来的。
一般来说,雷达波长越长,越容易穿透墙。
带宽越宽,距离分辨率越高。
比如说,战场上用的毫米波雷达,带宽宽,能够分出单个的人员,但它不能穿透墙;军舰和飞机上雷达采用的是分米波、厘米波,虽然能穿透墙,但它们不是超宽带,只能区分间隔十几米甚至上百米的目标,用于穿墙雷达就分不清是人还是墙,甚至分不清目标在墙那边还是这边。
因此研究者把二者结合起来,采用1赫兹~10G 赫兹的宽带收发电磁波信号技术,通过发射极短暂的脉冲信号,接收和分析反射回来的脉冲信息,得到被检测对象的信息。
具体工作时,由发射单元产生超宽带信号,通过发射天线将超宽带信号发送出去,经墙体反射和折射衰减后到达目标,目标再反射信号原路返回到接收天线,而后经同步采样,放大接收到的信号后,送图像信号处理单元进行数字图像处理,最后显示单元显示一个方位和距离的二维图像。
美国Time Domain公司研制出了供执法部门使用的“雷达视力2000”,以及供军事部门使用的“士兵视力”雷达。
工作时,雷达依靠硅-锗专用集成电路构成的时间芯片发射和接收脉冲,并由相关芯片将脉冲积聚成波形,经处理器分析后,显示器以红色暗影的形式将墙壁另一侧目标显示出来。
该雷达可以穿透几种不同的墙壁,作用距离10米。
此外,美国休斯先进电磁技术研究中心开发的“2-D Concrete Penetration Radar”工作于L波段的低频端,也具有较强的穿透能力。
我国研究穿墙探测雷达起步较晚,开展该方面工作比较早的是青岛二十二所、国防科技大学、西安电子科技大学等单位,但多处于探索研究阶段,在市场上没有形成正式产品。
近年来,江苏北方湖光光电公司在超宽带技术领域发展迅速,超宽带雷达技术研究处于国内领先地位。
公司专门投资900多万建立了设施一流的专业超宽带实验室和实验设备,包括数字存储示波器、矢量网络分析仪、脉冲码形发生器及频谱仪、各类中高档信号源、稳压电源,实验工具也一应俱全,为项目的研制打下了坚实的基础。
同时公司建立了一支高效的科研队伍,在超宽带领域已经有了多年研究,研制出了一维、二维穿墙探测雷达,并实现了产业化,取得了良好的经济效益:在三维穿墙雷达方面已经开展了三维成像模型研究,初步建立了一套成像算法,并在接收、发射和信号处理方面进行了充分研究,在原理上实现了三维穿墙成像探测。
产品概况
TDR-6000穿墙探测雷达是湖光光电公司在三年时间内研制而成的隔墙侦察雷达,采用最新的超宽带技术,能穿透各类障碍物,如砖墙、木墙、废墟等,对隐蔽在障碍物后的人体目标进行二维(方位一距离)精确探测并显示,实时掌握所需探测区域内人体目标的具体位置。
工作原理
总体组成穿墙探测雷达系统主要由超宽带的接收系统、发射系统、信号处理系统、成像软件系统、收发天线等几部分组成。
基本探测原理天线发射电磁波,穿透墙体后遇到反射物体的回波被天线接收,根据电磁波的传播时间可以测量出反射物的距离。
该系统与普通雷达不同,由于体积小,带宽宽,所以采用两个接收天线。
当发射天线发出电波以后,碰到目标产生回波,根据回波到其中一个接收天线的时间计算出距离。
距离一定,就能以发射天线与接收天线为焦点画出一个椭圆,目标就在这个椭圆线上。
同理,根据回波到接收天线2的时间计算出另一个距离信息,画出另一个椭圆,最终两个椭圆相交得到目标的准确方位(见图)。
带宽选择超宽带的常规定义为:带宽因子h>25%或带宽(BW)大于1.5G赫兹。
从超宽带定义不难看出,UWB的首要特征就是大的百分比带宽,因此它能够突破窄频段吸波材料的吸波效应:其次,UWB信号的波长较长,因此具有较强的穿透性,能够穿透植被、土壤和墙壁等。
超宽带雷达因其高距离分辨率、强抗干扰能力、低截获率等优异的性能受到越来越多的关注。
该系统的带宽为0.8G~3G赫兹,满足超宽带定义。
在选择带宽时我们考虑了以下几方面因素。
——探测精度。
系统探测精度与带宽成正比。
因此带宽越宽,探测精度越高。
——穿透能力。
系统的穿透能力与低频信号有关,频率越低,穿透性越好。
——系统体积大小。
由于该雷达是为单兵作战而设计,系统体积必须满足单兵携带要求,整个系统的体积主要由三个收发天线决定,而天线的口径与信号频率有关,频率越低口径越大,因此我们把低频信号控制在0.8G赫兹左右,目前整个雷达的体积为550毫米×370毫米
×180毫米。
实际运用和发展
项目组一共完成了三轮样机和最终的工程样机。
2006年11月,武警特警学院对第三轮样机进行了试用,同年12月西安陕西武警总队第五支队也进行了部队试用。
部队官兵通过操作该雷达产品后,给予了较高评价:“穿墙探测雷达能够穿透建筑物体,侦察墙后目标并精确定位,实现隐蔽侦察,实时掌握现场动态,穿墙探测雷达系统采用的技术路线正确,设计合理,方案可行,技术性能可满足部队使用的需求”。
我们又将TDR-6000与国外代表性产品——美国TimeDomain公司的SoldierVision和英国的Prism200产品进行了全面对比(见附表2):它比Soldiervision穿墙成像雷达的穿透性能更强,成像精度更高,功耗更小,性价比更高;比Prism 200对目标实时成像快,探测距离更远,穿透力更强。
经过上述试验和部队试用后,研制成功的TDR-6000穿墙探测雷达将在以下领域得到应用。
反恐探测罪犯是否在屋内,避免盲目地破门而入,为武警、公安等执法人员的安全提供保障。
城市巷战透视掩体、隔壁房间中的敌人,探测人员数目和位置,为指挥员和士兵提供实时的环境情报,知己知彼,百战百胜。
废墟救援穿透废墟,探测是否有被困者埋在废墟下及具体位置,提高救援效率。
2008年5月,北京公安局特警大队购买了一台穿墙探测雷达,用于奥运安保任务。
5·12汶川大地震后,公司派出技术小组携带5台穿墙探测雷达随海军陆战队参加搜救工作。
在汉旺镇,穿墙探测雷达参与了整个搜救工作,海军援救技术分队使用穿墙探测雷达在废墟中进行生命探测,运用效果良好,得到了现场指挥部和武警消防部队的认可。