英语语法第一轮复习---代词

Unit 3 代词代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。

大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。

1、人称代词（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下情况：在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。

如：He is taller than me但在下列句中有区别。

I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一（人称）。

宾格me也一样。

You ,she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。

He and she still don’t agree to the plan.(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。

①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。

②she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。

The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?(4)It 的用法①．作人称代词John likes playing Ping pong．/ He always does it in the afternoon．(指代上下文提到的事物)；/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer．/ It's very quiet at the moment．(可指时间、天气、环境等)②．引导词Ａ．作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。

It's important for us to learn a second language．/ It's no use talking to him．/ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun．B．作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。

We feel it our duty to help others．/ He made it clear that he would leave the city．C．强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分＋that (或who)…注意: 在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用that 。

在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。

It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar．(that引起强调句)It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar．(where引起定从)It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there．(when引起时间状语从句）It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there．（that 引起强调句）2.物主代词（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。

（2）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。

His own money =money of his own3.反身代词（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。

（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。

enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood （3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。

for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。

Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。

They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。

4.相互代词（each other, one another）相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。

其所有格分别为each other’s 、one another’s ,作定语。

一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。

5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。

（1）指示代词this和that的区别。

①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。

This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。

I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on SaturdayAfternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.④this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；2）such和same的用法。

①such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。

Such was the story. We have never seen such a tall building.②same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the. The same can be said of the other article. 另一篇文章也是同样的情况。

（主语）Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。

（表语） 6、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。

（1）who/what①询问姓名或关系。

——Who is he? ——He is my brother./He is Henry.询问职业或地位。

——What is he？——He is a lawyer/teacher.②What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。

What is /are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2)which与who、what which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。

I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?7.连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever 合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。

它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分。

关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。

这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。

8、不定代词不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。

还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。

下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。

（1）some与any一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。

some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。

He has some Chinese paintings.(定语) Some like sports,others like music.(主语) Do you have any questions to ask?(定语) I don’t know any of the students.（宾语）特殊用法：①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。

Any child can do that.（定语） You may take any of them.（宾语）②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。

Smith went to some place in England.（定语）③在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。

Would you like some bananas?（邀请）Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。

I don’t know some of the students.（宾语）some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。

some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。