Critical Theory, Post-Modernism
Ancient, Dark Ages, Enlightenment, Age of Reason, Modernism, Industrial, Informat beginnings of recorded history it has involved discussions and debates not just about truth, but what are our methods of inquiry into truth. So one of the differences between philosophy and straightforward scientific inquiry is that in philosophy the issue isn’t merely about what the truth is, but how we can know what the truth is. A physicist and biologist know things, but the philosopher asks, How do they know?
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.)
• Aristotle collapsed the physical world of matter (the realm of appearances) and the world of ideas to explain change. • He saw the soul as not independent of the physical body • He invented the syllogism (deductive logic) as well as inductive logic