初中英语九年级宾语从句与定语从句的区别课件

宾语从句与定语从句1.宾语从句：一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。

谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。

有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。

二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

定语从句与宾语从句的区别：顾名思义，定语从句是从句充当定语的复合句，宾语从句是从句充当宾语的复合句，二者迥然不同，但是在使用中，同学们总是容易混淆这两个句型。

请从以下几点区分：（1）通过从句的位置：定语从句的位置在名词代词的后面（先行词一般是由名词或者代词充当的）。

宾语从句的位置一般在动词或者介词短语之后，因为宾语一般都在动词或者介词短语之后。

请判断下面句子是定语从句还是宾语从句：I don’t know what you are talking about.He is angry with what you said.The tall boy who you met just now is my brother.经过判断，前两句是宾语从句，第三句是定语从句。

2）通过引导词：定语从句的关系代词只有that, who, which, whom,关系副词也只有when, where, why，所以如果有的句子是whether, if, how, what等词引导的，肯定不是定语从句。

（3）通过从句的成分：都是that引导的从句，宾语从句和定语从句也有的区别，我们可以通过that在从句中充当的句子成分判断，如：I know that you are right. 我知道你是对的。

这是一个宾语从句，that 引导的宾语从句，that只是连接词，不充当任何成分，所以that后面的句子you are right是一个主语谓语完全的句子。

He is the person that I am looking for.这是一个定语从句，that在从句中充当look for的宾语，所以看上去look for是没有宾语的。

练习题：1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. this2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. /3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the oneB. whichC. whoD. whom5. Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the oneB. thatC. whichD. /6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. whichB. thatC. /D. it7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A. ThatB. WhoC. The one whoD. The students who9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. this10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /1. I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD. which am2. The old man has two sons, ___ are lawyers.A. both of themB. both of whoC. both of whomD. both of they3. He is a man of great knowledge, ___ much can be learned.A .in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom4. I can tell you ___ he told me last week.A. all whichB. all whatC. that allD. all that5. Is oxygen the only gas ___ helps fire burnA. thatB. /C. whichD. what6. Air, ___we breathe every day, is around us all the time.A. thatB. /C. whichD. it7. This is the museum ___we saw an exhibition the other day.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. in that8. This museum is ___ you visited the other day.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. the one9. This is the museum ___ you saw the other day.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that10. It is the third time ___ late this month.A. that you arrivedB. when you arrivedC. that you've arrivedD. when you've arrived11. It was in 1969 ___ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. when12. We often think of the days ___we spent together on the island.A. whenB. whichC. in whichD. during which13. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ____ I left ten years agoA. whereB. whichC. thatD. when14. He has left Beijing, ___ a meeting is to be held.A. whenB. whereC. asD. which15. This is the very place ___ I'm wishing to live in.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in which16. I have bought the same dress ____ she is wearing.A. asB. thatC. which D than17. Can you solve such problems ___ raised by the audienceA. what wereB. as wereC. that wereD. which were18. The reason ___ he didn't come was ___ he was injured.A. that, becauseB. why, thatC. why, becauseD. that, that19. He must be from Africa, ____can be seen from his skin.A. thatB. asC. itD. what20. His father died last year, ____made it impossible for him to go abroad.A. whenB. whichC. asD. that21. ___is natural, he married Mary.A. ItB. WhatC. WhichD. As22. The buses, ____were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of themB. most of whichC. which mostD. that most23. All ___ is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which24. He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of ___had not been cleaned for years.A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which25. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom26. This is one of the means ____ the electric energy is conducted from one place to another.A. by whichB. by thatC. through whichD. through that27. The place ___ you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A. in whichB. at whichC. whereD. which28. The factory ___I am going to is the place ___my mother used to work many years ago.A. where, whereB. where, whichC. which, whereD. that, which29. Don't do such things ___ you are not sure about.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what30. Robert is good at language, ___ we all know.A. becauseB. forC. asD. sinceKey:1-5 BCCDA 6-10 CCDAC 11-15ABBBC16-20ABBBB 21-25 DBBDD 26-30ADCCC。

分度（百乐思）教育
宾语从句和定语从句的区别用法与考点
宾从：1)从句在句子中当宾语，删去之后整个句子不完整
2)无先行词
考点：
1 时态
2. 语序
3.引导词：
陈述句：that（可省略）
一般疑问句：whether/if（不可省略）
特殊疑问句：疑问代词：what，who，whom，whose，which；均在句子中充当
疑问副词：when，where，why，how；某个成分，不可省
_______________________________________________________________________________
定从：1)从句在句子中当定语，删去之后整个句子依然完整
2) 有名词作为先行词，从句修饰先行词
考点：
1. 引导词：
先行词是人：who（主），whom（宾），
关系代词先行词是物：which
（充当主，宾，表语）先行词是人/物：that
先行词是时间：when
关系副词先行词是地点：where
（充当状语）先行词是原因：why
关系副词=介词+which
注意：定从的引导词没有：how，what。

定语从句与宾语从句定语从句一. 定语从句的基本概念在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词where, when, why.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份.例：This is the boy who often helps me.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功能关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语,关系副词可作状语.1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致.例：I don’t like people who talk much but do little.2. 作宾语例：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.3. 作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用.例：Wh at’s the name of the young man whose father is a doctor4. 作状语例：I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.三. 关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语.例：The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略.例：Do you know the young man whom we met at the gate3. whose指人,在定语从句中作定语.例：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语.作宾语时可省略.例：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语.作宾语时可省略.例：Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there6. when指时间,在定语从句中作状语.例：I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.7. where指地点,在定语从句中作状语.例：The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.注意关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面.例：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.四. 特殊用法1. 只用that不用which 的情况1先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时.例：All that he said is true.2先行词被only, no, any, one of等词修饰时.例：The giant panda is one of the most lovely animals in the world that live in the mountains of China.3先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例：The desk is the second thing that I have made. .4先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.例：This is the best book that I have read this year.5先行词既包括人又包括物时.例：He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.2. 只用which不用that 的情况1在非限制性定语从中.例：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.2定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.定语从句练习1. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village ________ he visited five years ago.A. whereB. whoC. that2. The girl ________ is reading is my sisterA. whoB. whomC. which3. They like to live in a house ________ is not very big but bright and comfortable .A. thatB. whoC. what4. When she got home, the first thing ________ she did was to clean the house.A. whichB. whatC. that5. Running man is a very relaxing TV program ________ is hot among the young people.A. whatB. whichC. who6. The photo ________ taken by my brother last week is very nice.A. which wereB. that wereC. which was7. China has the world’s longest high-speed railway ________ we are proud of.A. thatB. whichC. what8. Those people and exciting stories ________ happened in the movie are well worth learning to us.A. whichB. whoC. that9. I don't like those ________ talk much but do little.A. whoB. whoseC. which10. --- Dad, I'm hungry. Do we have anything to eat--- You can have some bread ________ from the supermarket. It's on the table.A. which I am buyingB. that I will buyC. that I bought11. --- What are you going to do this summer vacation--- I'm going to start a club to help students ________ not interested in schoolwork.A. who isB. that isC. who are12. --- Don't eat too much junk food.--- You're right. However, I do like the food ________ tastes good.A. thatB. whatC. when13. --- Hi, Kimmy. Do you know Jam Hsiao--- Sure. He is a popular singer ________ comes from Taiwan.A. whoB. whichC. Whom14. I walked in our garden, ________ Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.A. whichB. whereC. that15. I can think of many cases 例子 ________ students obviously 明显地 knew a lot of English words andexpressions 表达 but couldn’t write a good essay文章.A. whyB. whichC. where16. --- Why does she always ask you for help--- There is no one else ________, is thereA. who to turn toB. she can turn toC. for whom to turn17. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 226 days.A. of whichB. during whichC. from which18. Alec asked the policeman ________ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A. with himB. whoC. with whom19. The sun heats the earth, ________ makes it possible to grow crops.A. whichB. thatC. where20. Is this the factory ________ you visited last weekA. whereB. whichC. when宾语从句一. 宾语从句的分类宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语.根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类.1. 由that引导的宾语从句.连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中常常省略.例：He knew that he should work hard.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句.这些连接代词和连接副词起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义.例：I wonder where he got so much money.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句.If和whether起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if.例：He asked me whether if I could help him.二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”.特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构.例：Can you tell me how I can get to zoo注意：陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述句语序.例：She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”She said she would leave a message on the desk.“Where are the tickets”I asked him.I asked him where the tickets were.三. 宾语从句的时态宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,这就是时态呼应.如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时.例：Please tell us where he is.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.注意：当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时.例：The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.四. 宾语从句和状语从句的区别例：1I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.2I don’t know if the train has arrived.句1中if引导的是状语从句.这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句.整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去.句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语.整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达.判断方法：1. 可以从整个句式看.状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面个别除外,宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后.2. 从引导词看.if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether, 词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”.when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”.3. 从时态看.if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化.if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来.宾语从句练习1. --- I’m afraid I can’t remember ________.--- In Beijing, I think.A. where did I first meet youB. where I first met youC. when I first met you2. --- Can you find out our city ________ a lot in the last few years--- Yes. The road is wider and the buildings are taller.A. has changedB. changesC. changed3. --- Do you know ________ Jenny comes to school every day--- Of course I do. She rides her bike．A. whetherB. whenC. how4. --- Are you sure you have to It’s been very late.--- I don’t know ________ I can do it if not now.A.whereB. howC. when5. --- Amy, do you know if Daniel ________ to the farm with us tomorrow if it ________--- Sorry, I’ve no idea.A. will go; will rainB. will go; rainsC. goes; will rain6. I don’t know if he ________ to the party. I will let you know if he ________.A. will come; comesB. will come; will comeC. comes; comes7. --- Could you tell me ________--- By searching the Internet.A. how you got the informationB. when you got the informationC. how did you get the information8. --- Are you clear about the trip next Saturday--- One more thing. I want to know ________.A. that Mr. Yang will goB. if Mr. Yang will go or notC. whether Mr. Yang will go9. Do you know ________ tomorrowA. when did she comeB. when will she comeC.when she will come10. Could you tell me ________A. what she had done with the newspaperB. which is the way to the nearest hospitalC. which gate I should go11. --- Could you tell me ________ tomorrow morning--- Well, it will start at 9 : 00 o'clock.A. when the meeting will startB. where the meeting startsC. when the meeting would start12. You can’t imagine想象 ________ when they received their medals at the Olympics.A. how were they excitedB. how excited they wereC. how they were excited13. --- Excuse me, could you tell me ________--- In five minutes.A. how soon will the film beginB. how soon the film will beginC. how long the film has been on14. --- Do you know ________--- For a month.A. how long will she be awayB. how long she will be awayC. how often will she go there15. I don’t know if his uncle ________. I think he ________ if it doesn’t rain.A. will come; comesB. will come; will comeC. comes; comes参考答案：定语从句：1-5 CAACB 6-10 CACAC 11-15 CAABC 16-20 BACAB宾语从句：1-5 BACCB 6-10 AACCB 11-15 ABBBB。

宾语从句和定语从句的区别最简单的方法就是把从句去掉。

如果句子结构依然成立，那么从句就是定语从句。

如果句子缺少成份了，那么就是宾语从句了。

另外，就位置来说，宾语从句一定放在及物动词或介词后面，要特别注意带形式宾语It的情况。

定语从句一定在名词后面。

至于那些关联词，我的方法是分类记忆。

that，Which属于定从的关系代词，在从句中充当一定成分，指代先行词；when，Why属于关系副词，无论定从还是宾从都不充当任何成分。

what是宾从中的关系代词，充当成分。

that还有一个作用就是宾从的关系副词，不充当任何成分。

一、位置的不同：宾语位于及物动词或介词后面；定语从句位于名词后修饰名词；二、引导词的不同：宾语从句引导词有三种：连词，连接代词，连接副词；而定语从句引导词有两种：关系代词，关系副词。

三、意义的不同：宾语从句是宾语，句子中的不可缺少的成分，不能用逗号与句子隔开；定语从句是修饰用的，可以用逗号与句子隔开，成为非限制性定语从句。

二、一、位置的不同：宾语位于及物动词或介词后面；定语从句位于名词后修饰名词；二、引导词的不同：宾语从句引导词有三种：连词，连接代词，连接副词；而定语从句引导词有两种：关系代词，关系副词。

三、意义的不同：宾语从句是宾语，句子中的不可缺少的成分，不能用逗号与句子隔开；定语从句是修饰用的，可以用逗号与句子隔开，成为非限制性定语从句。

宾语从句（一）宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。

宾语从句常由that引导，在口语中常省略。

当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。

如：She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。

（从句是一般现在时）She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。

第十一讲定语从句&宾语从句（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。

定语从句必须放在先行词之后。

引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。

例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.The man who lives next to us is a policeman.You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：12、3、（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做)(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。