新概念英语第四册句子精粹Lesson11：如何安度晚年

新概念英语第四册第11课The 11th lesson of the fourth volume of "New Concept English" is titled "A Christmas Carol". It is a story written by Charles Dickens in 1843, which has become a classic Christmas tale.The story follows the life of Ebenezer Scrooge, a wealthy and miserly businessman who despises Christmas. One night, he is visited by the ghost of his former business partner, Jacob Marley, who warns him of the consequences of his selfishness and greed. Scrooge is then visited by three more ghosts who show him his past, present, and future. Through these experiences, Scrooge realizes the error of his ways and becomes a generous and kind-hearted person."A Christmas Carol" is a timeless story that teaches us the importance of kindness, compassion, and generosity. It reminds us that no matter how much wealth or success we may have, it is our relationships with others that truly matter. The story also highlights the transformative power of self-reflection and the ability to change for the better.In conclusion, "A Christmas Carol" is a must-read for anyone who wants to learn about the true meaning of Christmas and the importance of being a kind and generous person. It is a story that has touched the hearts of many and will continue to do so for generations to come.。

Lesson 11 How to grow old 如何安度晚年Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle定语may justifiably feel bitter in the thought同位语that they have been cheated of the best things 定语that life has to offer. But in an old man 定语who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved 宾语whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way 定语to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests 宾补gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit 主语the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes 表语increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river -- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and 状语in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, andpainlessly lose their individual being. The man 定语who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things 定语he cares for will continue. And 状语if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while （省略I am）still at work, knowing that others will carry on 宾语what I can no longer do, and content in the thought 同位语that what was possible has been done.。

林老师英语学习法新概念4册（总计48课词汇总量1800左右）Unit 01Part 1Unit 1 Instructions to the studentLesson 1 Finding fossil man发现化石人Lesson 2 Spare that spider不要伤害蜘蛛Lesson 3 Matterhorn man马特霍恩山区人Lesson 4 Seeing hands能看见东西的手Lesson 5 Youth青年Lesson 6 The sporting spirit体育的精神Lesson 7 Bats蝙蝠Lesson 8 Trading standards贸易标准Lesson 9 Royal espionage王室谍报活动Lesson 10 Silicon valley硅谷Lesson 11 How to grow old如何安度晚年Lesson 12 Banks and their customers银行和顾客Unit 02Lesson 13 The search for oil探寻石油Lesson 14 The Butterfly Effect蝴蝶效应Lesson 15 Secrecy in industry工业中的秘密Lesson 16 The modern city现代城市Lesson 17 A man-made disease人为的疾病Lesson 18 Porpoises海豚Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams话说梦的本质Lesson 20 Snake poison蛇毒Lesson 21 Williams S．Hart and the early‘Western’film威廉·S．哈特和早期的“西部”影片Lesson 22 Knowledge and progress知识和进步Lesson 23 Bird flight鸟的飞行方法Lesson 24 Beauty美林老师英语学习法Unit 03Lesson 25 Non-auditory effects of noise噪音的非听觉效应Lesson 26 The past life of the earth地球上的昔日生命Lesson 27 The‘Vasa’“瓦萨”号Lesson 28 Patients and doctors病人与医生Lesson 29 The hovercraft气垫船Lesson 30 Exploring the sea．floor海底勘探Lesson 31 The sculptor speaks雕塑家的语言Lesson 32 Galileo reborn伽利略的复生Lesson 33 Education教育Lesson 34 Adolescence青春期Lesson 35 Space odyssey太空探索Lesson 36 The cost of government政府的开支Unit 04Lesson 37 The process of ageing衰老过程Lesson 38 Water and the traveller水和旅行者Lesson 39 What every writer wants作家之所需Lesson 40 Waves海浪Lesson 41 Training elephants训练大象Lesson 42 Recording an earthquake记录地震Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space?宇宙中有外星人吗?Lesson 44 Patterns of culture文化的模式Lesson 45 Of men and galaxies人和星系Lesson 46 Hobbies业余爱好Lesson 47 The great escape大逃亡Lesson 48 Planning a share portfolio规划股份投资。

新概念英语第四册第十一单元课文原文Lesson 11 How to grow old 如何安度晚年Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it so at least it seems to me----is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river--small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And it, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. (NCE Book Four)。

新概念英语第四册：Lesson11 How to grow old 【篇一】How to grow old如何安度晚年First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What, according to the author, is the best way to overcome the fear of death as you get older?Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed inbattle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river -- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from thefear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.BERTRAND RUSSELL How to grow old from Portraits from Memory【篇二】New words and expressions 生词和短语oppressv. 忧郁，压抑justificationn. 正当理由justifiablyadv. 无可非议地cheatv. 欺骗abjectadj. 可怜的ignobleadj. 不体面的，可耻的impersonaladj. 超脱个人感情影响的egon. 自我recededv. 退去increasingadv. 日益，持续passionatelyadv. 激昂地painlesslyadv. 毫无痛苦地vitalityn. 精力wearinessn. 疲惫感【篇三】参考译文有些老年人因为怕死而感到烦恼。

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson11【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What, according to the author, is the best way to overcome the fear of death as you get older?Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed inbattle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river -- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. Ishould wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.BERTRAND RUSSELL How to grow old from Portraits from Memory【New words and expressions 生词和短语】oppress v. 忧郁，压抑justification n. 正当理由justifiably adv. 无可非议地cheat v. 欺骗abject adj. 可怜的ignoble adj. 不体面的，可耻的impersonal adj. 超脱个人感情影响的ego n. 自我receded v. 退去increasing adv. 日益，持续passionately adv. 激昂地painlessly adv. 毫无痛苦地vitality n. 精力weariness n. 疲惫感【课文注释】1.oppress，压迫，使担心、使烦恼。

新概念英语第四册第11课:How to grow oldLesson 11 How to grow old如何安度晚年 First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What, according to the author, is the best way to overcome the fear of death as you get older?Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river -- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do,and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.参考译文有些老年人因为怕死而感到烦恼。

新概念英语第四册句子精选：Lesson11165. Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death.有些老年人因为怕死而感到烦恼。

166. In the young there is a justification for this feeling.青年人有这种感觉是情有可原的。

167. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer.有理由害怕自己会死在战场上的年轻人，想到自己被剥夺了生活所能给予的最美好的东西时，感到痛苦，这是能够理解的。

168. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do,不过老年人已经饱尝了人间的甘苦，一切能做的都做了，169. the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble.如果怕死，就有点儿可怜又可鄙。

170. The best way to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal,克服怕死的办法 -- 至少在我看来是这样 -- 就是逐渐使自己的兴趣更加广泛，171. until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.逐渐摆脱个人狭小的圈子，直到自我的围墙一点一点地倒塌下来，自己的生活慢慢地和整个宇宙的生活融合在一起。

新概念英语第4册课后习题答案: Unit 11 AABDD DADDB DD 新概念英语第4册课后习题: Multiple choice questions 多项选择题 Choose the correct answers to the following questions. Comprehension 理解 1 It is ______ that young people fear they will die. a.not surprising b.unnatural c.oppressive d.deceitful 2 Fear of death in old people ______. a.is not something the writer admires b.is wider and more impersonal c.is all right for someone who has known joys and sorrow d.is truly justified 3 As a person's interests become more impersonal, so ______. a.his existence becomes like a river b.the sense of individuality decreases c.life flows without a visible break d.the waters flow more quietly 4 An old person can reach a stage where _______. a.the things he cares for will continue b.he wishes to die while still at work c.his life will continue d.he looks forward to death Structure 句型 5 In the young, this feeling ______.(1.1) a.has justified b.was justified c.justified d.is justified 6 In an old man ______ has known human joys and sorrows … (11.3-4) a.what b.which c.- d.that 7 An individual human existence should be like a river.That's how it _______ be.(1.7) a.ought to b.must c.has to d.is obliged to 8 _____ death will not bring fear to the old man who can see his life in this way.(11.10-11) a.A b.The c.Every d.- Vocabulary 词汇 9 Young men may justifiably feel they have been ______ of the best things in life.(11.1-2) a.deceived b.lied c.stolen d.robbed 10 Your life becomes increasingly _______ in the universal life.(11.6-7) a.lost b.joined c.sunk d.contained 11 _____ the river grows wider … (11.8-9) a.Less and less b.Step by step c.One by one d.Little by little 12 I should wish to die while still at work, ______ that others will carry on … (11.13-14) a.thinking b.aware c.believing d.acceptin。

《新概念英语第四册》第一章至第十九章精讲目录1. Lesson 1 --- Finding fossil man 发现化石人2. Lesson 2 --- Spare that spider不要伤害蜘蛛3. Lesson 3 --- Matterhorn man马特霍恩山区人4. Lesson 4 --- Seeing hands能看见东西的手5. Lesson 5 --- Youth青年6. Lesson 6 --- The sporting spiri 体育的精神7. Lesson 7 --- Bats蝙蝠8. Lesson 8 --- Trading standards贸易标准9. Lesson 9 --- Royal espionage 王室谍报活动10.Lesson 10 --- Silicon valley 硅谷11.Lesson 11 --- How to grow old 如何安度晚年12.Lesson 12 --- Banks and their customers银行和顾客13.Lesson 13 --- The search for oil 探寻石油14.Lesson 14 --- The Butterfly Effect 蝴蝶效应15.Lesson 15 --- Secrecy in industry 工业中的秘密16.Lesson 16 --- The modern city 现代城市17.Lesson 17 --- A man-made disease 人为的疾病18.Lesson 18 --- Porpoises 海豚19.Lesson 19 --- The stuff of dreams 话说梦的本质Lesson 1Finding fossil man 发现化石人Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.New words and expressions 生词与短语fossil man (title)adj. 化石人Recountv. 叙述Sagan. 英雄故事Legendn. 传说，传奇Migrationn. 迁移，移居Anthropologistn. 人类学家Archaeologistn. 考古学家Ancestorn. 祖先Polynesianadj.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之一群岛)的Indonesian. 印度尼西亚Flintn. 燧石Rotn. 烂掉本文参考译文我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。

新概念英语第4册第11课Howtogrowold原文及译文学过四册的同学一定很喜欢第十一课，也就是英国大哲学家数学家伯兰德.罗素的'How to Grow Old',其实这篇课文是罗素一篇同名的著名演讲稿的节选，下面将原文及参考译文贴在下面，文章的语言并不艰深，三册四册的同学都应该可以看懂。

品名家的作品如聆听伟人与你促膝谈心，这样的好文章不应错过。

How to Grow OldBertrand RussellIn spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which, at my time of life, is a much more important subject. My first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remote ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. A great-grandmother of mine, who was a friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother, after having nine children who survived, one who died in infancy, and many miscarriages, as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to women's higher education. She was one of the founders of Girton College, and worked hard at opening the medical profession to women. She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad. She inquired the cause of his melancholy and he said that he had just parted from his two grandchildren. 'Good gracious,' she exclaimed, 'I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sadeach time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!' 'Madre snaturale,' he replied. But speaking as one of the seventy-two, I prefer her recipe. After the age of eighty she found she had some difficulty in getting to sleep, so she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 3 a.m. in reading popular science. I do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old. This, I think, is the proper recipe for remaining young. If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of your future.As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one's emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one's mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be asinterested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one's interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.I think that a successful old age is easier for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knotting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in a battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it----so at least it seems to me----is to make your interests gradually wider and moreimpersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river----small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer form the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.虽然有这样一个标题，这篇文章真正要谈的却是怎样才能不老。

新概念系列教材历来被公认为是适合大多数中学生课外学习的资料之一。

下面小编就和大家分享新概念英语第四册Lesson10~14原文及翻译，希望有了这些内容，可以为大家学习新概念英语提供帮助!新概念英语第四册Lesson10原文及翻译Silicon valley硅谷What does the computer industry thrive on apart from anarchy?Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. 'We're got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.' And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market. India-bornN.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.US NEWS AND WORLD REPORT, October 2, 1989New words and expressions 生词和短语siliconn. 硅integratedadj. 综合的circuitn. 线路，电路Californian. 加利福尼亚(美国州名) workstationn. 工作站chipn. 芯片，集成电路片，集成块newslettern. 时事通讯Macintoshn. 苹果机，一种个人电脑penalizev. 处罚，惩罚customizev. 按顾客具体需要制造spawnv. 引起，酿成thrivev. 兴旺，繁荣anarchyn. 无政府状态，混乱orientaln. 东方人constitutev. 构成droven. 群innovatorn. 发明者forgev. 发展memory-chipn. 内存条AT & T美国电话电报公司 (American Telephone and Telegraph)Kansasn. 堪萨斯(美国州名)Missourin. 密苏里(美国州名)参考译文技术的发展趋势有可能把硅谷重新推向未来。

新概念英语第四册句子精粹 Lesson11：如何安度晚年$课文11 如何安度晚年65. Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death.有些老年人因为怕死而感到烦恼。

166. In the young there is a justification for this feeling.青年人有这种感觉是情有可原的。

167. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer.有理由害怕自己会死在战场上的年轻人，想到自己被剥夺了生活所能给予的最美好的东西时，感到痛苦，这是能够理解的。

168. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do,不过老年人已经饱尝了人间的甘苦，一切能做的都做了，169. the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble.如果怕死，就有点儿可怜又可鄙。

170. The best way to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal,克服怕死的办法 -- 至少在我看来是这样 -- 就是逐渐使自己的兴趣更加广泛，171. until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, andyour life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.逐渐摆脱个人狭小的圈子，直到自我的围墙一点一点地倒塌下来，自己的生活慢慢地和整个宇宙的生活融合在一起。

11Some old people are oppressed by the fear ofdeath.sʌm əʊld ˈpiːplɑːrəˈprest baɪðəfɪərɒv deθ.有些老年人因为怕死而感到烦恼。

有些老年人因为怕死而感到烦恼。

In the young there is a justification for this feeling. ɪn ðə jʌŋ ðeər ɪz əˌʤʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃᵊn fɔː ðɪs ˈfiːlɪŋ.青年人有这种感觉是情有可原的。

青年人有这种感觉是情有可原的。

Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. jʌŋ men huː hæv ˈriːzn tuː fɪə ðæt ðeɪ wɪl biːkɪld ɪn ˈbætl meɪˈʤʌstɪfaɪəbᵊli fiːlˈbɪtər ɪn ðəθɔːt ðæt ðeɪ hæv biːnˈʧiːtɪd ɒv ðə best θɪŋz ðæt laɪf hæz tuːˈɒfə.有理由害怕自己会死在战场上的年轻人，想到自己被剥夺了生活所能给予的最美好的东西时，感到痛苦，这是可以理解的。

有理由害怕自己会死在战场上的年轻人，想到自己被剥夺了生活所能给予的最美好的东西时，感到痛苦，这是可以理解的。

But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, bʌt ɪn ən əʊld mæn huː hæz nəʊn ˈhjuːmən ʤɔɪz ænd ˈsɒrəʊz, ænd hæz əˈʧiːvd wɒtˈevəwɜːkɪt wɒz ɪn hɪm tuːduː,可是老年人已经饱尝了人间的甘苦，一切能做的都做了，可是老年人已经饱尝了人间的甘苦，一切能做的都做了，the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. ðə fɪər ɒv deθɪz ˈsʌmwɒt ˈæbʤekt ænd ɪɡˈnəʊbᵊl.如果怕死，就有点儿可怜又可鄙。

新概念英语第四册文化内涵知识点：How to growold本文是新概念四最经典的课文之一，作者是20世纪最负盛名的大哲学家罗素(BertrandRussell)。

罗素博学多才，在多个领域都有颇高的造诣。

作为一个哲学家，他的哲学领域也是无所不包：本体论、理解论、政治哲学、科学哲学等都在他的论述范围之内。

他的通俗哲学易于为非哲学专业的读者接受，其中最为的是《西方哲学史》。

罗素在数学领域的成就也令人瞩目，他与他人合著的《数学原理》(PrincipaMathematica)被誉为“不朽之作”。

与一般文人不同的是，罗素有强烈的社会责任感，他经常参加社会活动(课文的插图就是罗素参加集会时的场景)，提出自己的政治主张，就在去世前不久，罗素还在集会上发表了反对核武器扩散的演说。

因为参加反对政府的集会活动，罗素两次入狱，一次是因为参加反战活动。

了解这个点，能够加深理解课文第二句话中的becheated of the best things that life has to offer。

按照字面理解，be cheated of在书中被译成“剥夺”，而了解罗素的反战立场，就能够体会到此处作者使用cheat这个单词的深意：作者不但要表达“剥夺”之意，更要表明战争对于年轻人来说，是政府的一种欺骗行为。

而罗素第二次入狱则是要求政府解除核武器(nucleardisarmament)。

罗素在学术研究之余，还写了大量的散文，How to Grow Old是他散文代表作之一。

罗素的散文文笔简洁流畅，内涵隽永，这使他获得了1950年的诺贝尔文学奖。

罗素的散文多是关于人生与社会*，说理透彻，令人信服。

西方评论家指出，罗素的散文能使读者变得睿智。

课文是节选“Howto grow old”的最后一段，如果大家在学完课文以后依然意尤未尽，不妨把整篇文章拿来一读。

罗素出生于清教徒世家，但成年后成为一个坚定的无神论者，他毕生只相信科学真理，不盲从任何教条，这在他的散文中也体现得极为明显，这种治学精神值得我们学习。

新概念英语四册Lesson11课堂笔记新概念英语四册Lesson11课堂笔记L11 Spies in BritainAlfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the selfconfidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle : and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes--and within a month theDanes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serveas a unique epic of royal espionage!。