华中师大学研究生入学考试试题2007C

华中师范大学语言学历年考研试题目录华中师范大学语言学历年考研试题 (1)华中师范大学2003年研究生入学考试试题 (1)华中师范大学2004年语言学真题 (2)华中师范大学2004年研究生入学考试试题 (4)华中师范大学2005年语言学真题 (5)华中师范大学2005年研究生入学考试试题 (7)华中师范大学2006年研究生入学考试试题 (8)华中师范大学2006年研究生入学考试试题 (10)华中师范大学2007年研究生入学考试试题 (11)华中师范大学2007年研究生入学考试试题 (12)华中师范大学2008年研究生入学考试试题 (14)华中师范大学2009年研究生入学考试试题 (17)华中师范大学2010年研究生入学考试试题 (19)华中师范大学2011年研究生入学考试试题 (22)2012年华中师范大学文学院大综合真题试卷 (24)2013年华中师范大学考研真题 (27)2014年考研华中师范大学文学院真题 (28)2014年考研华中师范大学语言所真题 (30)华中师范大学2003年研究生入学考试试题一、填空（30分）1、语言主要属性包括---------性、---------性、---------性和---------性。

2、语言学的研究可以分为三类：---------、---------和---------。

3、非音质音位是以---------、---------、---------为语音形式的音位。

4、“语用学”这一术语是由美国哲学家---------提出来的；语言行为理论是由英国哲学家---------提出来的；合作原则是由美国哲学家---------提出来的。

5、语言发展的原因可以从---------、---------和---------三个方面来考察。

6、本世纪30年代，在欧洲的丹麦形成了以---------为代表的学派。

他们试图建立一门新型的语言学：---------。

7、语汇系统包括三种不同层级的语汇单位：---------、---------和---------。

华中师范大学美术学考研真题2007--2014华中师范大学美术学院2007年研究生入学考试试题招生专业：美术学、设计艺术学研究方向：版画、油画、视觉传达设计、动画与游戏设计、中西美术比较研究考试科目及代码：综合理论基础考试时间：1月11日上午一、名词解释（每小题4分，共20分）1 .画像石*2•诗中有画、画中有诗*3.哥特式艺术*4.立体主义艺术*5.艺术流派二.简答题（回答要点，并简明扼要作解释，每小题10分，共30分）6.简述顾恺之的“传神论”主张并简析其代表作《洛神赋图卷》的艺术特点。

7.试析达芬奇代表作《最后的晚餐》的艺术特色。

*8.简论艺术作品的“意境”。

三、论述题（要求观点正确，条理清晰，论述完整，每小题答题字数不少于500字，请考生正确选择自己所报专业方向的题目，版画方向考生选A,油画方向考生选B,视觉传达设计、动画与游戏设计方向考生选C,中西美术比较研究方向考生选D,共100分。

A9.试述18世纪西班牙绘画大师戈雅的艺术成就。

（20分）*10•试析17世纪荷兰现实主义绘画大师伦勃朗的艺术特征。

（24分）*11.什么是波普艺术？列举其代表人物并简析其艺术特征。

（20分）*12.试析艺术风格与一般艺术特色和创作个性的区别。

（16分）13.试述明代人物画的主要成就。

（20分）*B9.试述法国19世纪农村风俗画大师米勒和表现城市生活的巨匠杜米埃的艺术特色（26分）*10.简述列宾绘画的艺术成就。

（14分）*11.试述国际达达主义运动的领袖杜尚的艺术成就。

（14分）*12.德国表现主义艺术的重要社团有哪些？列举其代表人物并简述其艺术特色和对欧洲其他国家的影响。

（30分）*13.试述艺术思潮与创作方法的关系。

（16分）9.简述彩陶的装饰艺术特色。

（20分）*10.简述商周青铜器装饰纹样的审美特征。

（15分）*11 •简答汉代装饰图案的表现手法。

（20分）*12•简述唐三彩的艺术特征及发展过程。

华中师大学研究生入学考试试题2007D华中师大学二零零七年研究生入学考试试题院系、招生专业：管理学院、企业管理（人力资源管理）考试时间：元月日午考试科目代码及名称：426、企业管理一、名词解释（每小题4分，共24分）1、SWOT分析2、甘特图3、盈亏平衡分析4、变革型领导5、工作分析6、柯克帕特里四层评估模型二、简答题（本大题共5小题，每题12分，共60分）1、概述霍桑实验及其对管理实践的贡献。

2、简述社会责任的古典观和社会经济观。

3、谈谈对X理论和Y理论的优缺点。

4、谈谈人事管理与人力资源管理的区别。

5、简述绩效考评中存在的误区。

三、论述题（本题30分）从政府管理的角度论述我国国有企业经理人的激励约束机制。

四、案例分析题（本题36分）【案情】晚上七点多钟了，天慢慢地黑下来了，王维书教授拖着疲惫不堪的身体回到了位于校园东北角的家中，每次回到自己温馨而又平静的家中，回想自己一天无谓的奔波，他就开始怀疑三年前他是否做出了一项正确的决策。

王维书教授是我国一位著名的管理学教授，三年前在学校领导征求他是否愿意当管理学院的院长时，他同意了。

当时他有两种想法，第一，学校现在实行的是院长负责制，院长中有一定的权力，他可以为管理学院的发展起到比一个名教授要大一些的作用。

第二，他教了近二十年的管理，他希望把自己在课堂上教的东西用到实践中，让学生知道，管理方面的知识用到实践中，可以带来很大的效果。

CZ管理学院有100多位教师，在有4000多教师的大学时，属于一个小部门，但由于我国实行市场经济，使得管理学科突然热了起来，CZ管理学院的地位在学校也迅速上升。

王维书教授担任院长三年来，管理学院取得了一些成绩，也发生了一些问题，有些令人啼笑皆非的是王院长当初想抓的事情，如学科建设和上学术水平，起色不大，而王院长当初并没有十分在意的事情，如创收，却取得了令人惊讶的成功，如下表所示。

王院长近三年来的主要政绩：王院长知道，有些成绩不是因为自己领导有方，而是大环境造成的，如最近几年在职研究生热使管理学院接应不暇，创收大幅度增加。

华中师范大学二〇〇〇年研究生入学考试试题专业：语言类各专业科目:古代汉语方向：语言类各专业方向注意：1、第一大题为所有考生必做题。

2、第二大题为汉语史方向考生必做题。

3、第三大题为其他各方向考生必做题。

一、语言专业各方向考生必做题。

（一）解释下列成语或古诗文中加着重号的词语或词组的意义或用法（20分）1．言简意赅赴汤蹈火感激涕零动而见尤池塘生春草云半偏新睡觉颜色憔悴未尝不汉息痛恨于桓灵也（8分）2．星罗棋布车载斗量打草惊蛇日积月累昭王南征而不复，寡人是问先君之好是继（12分）（二）简答题（24分）1．《说文解字》是一部分什么书？有何学术价值？清代研究《说文》最著名听是哪四个人？各自代表是什么？（14分）2．什么是词义的扩大、缩小、转移？请举例说明（10分）（三）将下面一段文字译成现代汉语。

（16分）孟子日：“今有无名之指，屈而不信，非疾痛害事也。

如有能信之者，则不秦楚之路，为指之不若人也。

指不若人，则知恶之：心不若人，则不知恶，此之谓不知类也。

”二、汉语史方向考生必做题。

(40分)(一) 中国音四声和现代汉语普遍话四声在调类方面有何异同？(12分)(二) 本议和引申义之间的意义关系有哪几种类型？(15分)(三) 解释下列的固定格式。

(13分)1．“如……何“例：以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘，如太形王屋何？（《列子·汤问》）2．“……孰与……”例：吾孰与城北徐公美？(战国策·齐策一)3．“无乃……与”例：孔子曰：“求!，无乃尔是过与？”(论语·委氏)三、非衙史方向考生必做题(40分)(一) 联系汉语史，谈谈“繁荣市场”、“丰富生活”之类动宾结构的特点。

(15分)(二) “张”字的声母，现代有些方言中读为d，请联系汉语语音史对此类现象试作阐释。

(13分)(三) 解释下列句子中的“之”字的意义和用法(12分)1．不虞君之涉吾地也。

2．姜氏欲之，焉辟害？3．其是之谓乎？4．邑丈人有之市而醉归者。

华中师范大学2003-2007年研究生入学考试新闻理论试题华中师范大学2003年研究生入学考试新闻理论试题一、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1、新闻起源于_____。

2、西方新闻理论的代表作有李普曼的_____、约斯特的_____和美国新闻自由委员会组织编写的______。

3、新闻的“陆氏定义”是陆定一于1943年在_______一文中提出来的。

4 、在我国首先倡导“政治家办报”的是___________。

5 、统治阶级对新闻事业的宏观控制一般采取____ 、_______、______和_____等手段。

二名词解释（每题6分，共30分）1、新闻传播2、新闻党性原则3 、舆论导向4 、道德责任5 、监督批评权三下列表述有误，请予以改正（每题8分，共40分）1、西方新闻学中常常使用“新闻鼻”这一概念，它是对新闻报道的形象表述。

2、新闻事业是新闻机构的另一种称呼。

3、新闻传播所使用的符号可分为语言符号和文字符号。

4、实现新闻自由的政治保证是公民的民主意识和思想文化素质。

5、社会主义新闻事业的本质属性就是，它是社会主义经济建设的工具。

四问答题（每题10分，共30分）1、请解释新闻传播公正性的科学含义。

2、请对新闻时间性与时效性之间的差别作简要说明。

3、请用图表方式解释单向传播与双向传播各自的运行轨迹。

五论述题（每题15分，共30分）1、香港《东周刊》因把某女影星的裸照刊登在封面上而受到社会的严厉谴责，其社长也因此而引咎辞职。

请对这一事件予以评论。

2、新闻界流行着这样一种说法，就是“新闻传播要表达人文关怀”。

请对这种说法谈谈自己的见解。

华中师范大学2004年研究生入学考试新闻理论试题一名词解释（每题6分，共20分）1、新闻传播2、陆氏定义3、知晓权4、固定成见5、双重出售6、非群体化传播媒介7、舆论二填空（每空2分，共20分）1、在当今时代，人们经常说的第四媒体和第五媒体分别是_____和_______。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. Theroughly 20 million 1of these nations looked 2to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3the ideals of representative government, careers 4to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7set of laws.On the issue of 8of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11by the Spanish crown. 12most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality ofeverything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20self-rule and democracy.1.[A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2.[A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3.[A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4.[A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5.[A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6.[A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7.[A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8.[A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9.[A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10.[A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11.[A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12.[A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13.[A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14.[A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15.[A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16.[A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17.[A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18.[A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19.[A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20.[A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceivechildren in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21.The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22.The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23.According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25.Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given underlow-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26.Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27.What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29.We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31.Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32.As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33.According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35.Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year – from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C.Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36.The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37.According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38.In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39.According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”41You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.42Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.43Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.44Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.45They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学三试题一、选择题：110:小题，每小题4分，共40分，下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上.（1） 当0x +→ ）A .1- .ln(1B + 1C .1D -【答案】(B)【考点】等价无穷小 【难易度】★★【详解】解析：方法1：排斥法：由几个常见的等价无穷小，当0x +→0→，所以1(1-::211,2-:可以排除A 、C 、D ，所以选（B ）.方法2：==ln 1⎛⎫+ ⎝当0x +→时，11→0→，又因为0x →时，()ln 1x x +:，所以)ln 1~~1~x ⎛= ⎝B ）.（2） 设函数()f x 在0x =处连续，下列命题错误的是( )A .若0()limx f x x →存在，则(0)0f = .B 若0()()lim x f x f x x→+-存在，则(0)0f =.C 若0()limx f x x →存在，则'(0)f 存在 .D 若0()()lim x f x f x x→--存在，则'(0)f 存在 【答案】( D)【考点】极限的四则运算，函数连续的概念，导数的概念 【难易度】★★【详解】解析：方法1:论证法，证明..A B C 都正确，从而只有.D 不正确。

由0()limx f x x→存在及()f x 在0x =处连续，所以0(0)lim ()x f f x →=0000()()()lim()lim lim 0lim x x x x f x f x f x x x x x x→→→→==⋅=⋅0=，所以（A ）正确； 由选项（A ）知，(0)0f =，所以00()(0)()lim lim0x x f x f f x x x→→-=-存在，根据导数定义，()(0)'(0)limx f x f f x →-=-存在，所以（C ）也正确；由()f x 在0x =处连续，所以()f x -在0x =处连续，从而[]0lim ()()lim ()lim ()(0)(0)2(0)x x x f x f x f x f x f f f →→→+-=+-=+=0000()()()()()()2(0)lim lim lim 0lim 0x x x x f x f x f x f x f x f x f x x x x x →→→→+-+-+-⎡⎤=⋅=⋅=⋅=⎢⎥⎣⎦，即有(0)0f =.所以（B ）正确，故此题选择（D ）.方法2：举例法，举例说明（D ）不正确，例如取()f x x =，有0()()limlim 00x x x x f x f x x x→→----==-存在 而()()0000lim lim 100x x f x f x x x --→→---==---，()()0000lim lim 100x x f x f x x x +-→→--==--，左右极限存在但不相等，所以()f x x =在0x =的导数()0f '不存在. （D ）不正确，选（D ）.（3） 如图，连续函数()y f x =在区间[][]3,2,2,3--上的图形分别是直径为1的上、下半圆周，在区间[][]2,0,0,2-上的图形分别是直径为2的上、下半圆周.设()(),xF x f t dt =⎰则下列结论正确的是（ ）.A (3)F 3(2)4F =-- .B (3)F 5(2)4F = .C (3)F - 3(2)4F = .D (3)F -5(2)4F =--【答案】( C)【考点】定积分的概念、定积分的基本性质，积分上限的函数及其导数【难易度】★★★【详解】解析：由题给条件知，()f x 为x 的奇函数，则()()f x f x -=-，由()(),xF x f t dt =⎰知()()()()()()()()xx xF x f t dt t u f u d u f u f u f u du F x --= =- -- -=- =⎰⎰⎰，故()F x 为x 的偶函数，所以(3)(3).F F -=而20(2)()F f t dt =⎰表示半径1R =的半圆的面积，所以22(2)()22R F f t dt ππ===⎰，32302(3)()()()F f t dt f t dt f t dt ==+⎰⎰⎰，其中32()f t dt ⎰表示半径12r =的半圆的面积的负值，所以22321()2228r f t dt πππ⎛⎫=-=-⋅=- ⎪⎝⎭⎰所以3232333(3)()()()(2)288424F f t dt f t dt f t dt F ππππ==+=-==⋅=⎰⎰⎰ 所以3(3)(3)(2)4F F F -==，选择( C)（4） 设函数(,)f x y 连续，则二次积分1sin 2(,)xdx f x y dy ππ⎰⎰等于（ ）.A 1arcsin (,)ydy f x y dx ππ+⎰⎰.B 10arcsin (,)ydy f x y dx ππ-⎰⎰.C 1arcsin 02(,)ydy f x y dx ππ+⎰⎰ .D 1arcsin 02(,)ydy f x y dx ππ-⎰⎰【答案】( B)【考点】交换累次积分的次序与坐标系的转换 【难易度】★★【详解】解析：画出该二次积分所对应的积分区域D ，:2sin 1x D x y ππ⎧≤≤⎪⎨⎪≤≤⎩交换为先x 后y ，则积分区域可化为：arcsin 01y x y ππ-≤≤⎧⎨≤≤⎩所以11sin 0sin 2(,)(,)xarc ydx f x y dy dy f x y dx ππππ-=⎰⎰⎰⎰， 所以选择(B).（5） 设某商品的需求函数为1602Q p =-，其中Q ，p 分别表示需要量和价格，如果该商品需求弹性的绝对值等于1，则商品的价格是（ ）.A 10 .B 20 .C 30 .D 40【答案】(D)【考点】导数的经济意义 【难易度】★★【解析】解析：|需求弹性|'()2 1.()160280Q P PP P Q P P P-====-- 若180PP =-，80P P =-，无意义；若180P P=-，解得：40.P =所以选(D) （6） 曲线1ln(1),xy e x=++渐近线的条数为（ ）.A 0 .B 1 .C 2 .D 3【答案】( D)【考点】函数图形的渐近线 【难易度】★★★【详解】解析：001lim lim ln(1)x x x y e x →→⎛⎫=++⎪⎝⎭=∞，所以0x =是一条铅直渐近线；1lim lim ln(1)x x x y e x →-∞→-∞⎛⎫=++ ⎪⎝⎭1lim lim ln(1)000x x x e x →-∞→-∞=++=+=，所以0y =是沿x →-∞方向的一条水平渐近线；令21ln(1)1ln(1)lim lim lim x x x x x e y e x a x x x x →+∞→+∞→+∞++⎛⎫+===+ ⎪⎝⎭21ln(1)lim lim x x x e x x →+∞→+∞+=+ln(1)0lim x x e x →+∞+=+1lim 11xx x e e →+∞+ =洛必达法则令()1lim lim ln(1)x x x b y a x e x x →+∞→+∞⎛⎫=-⋅=++- ⎪⎝⎭()()1limlim ln(1)0lim ln(1)x x x x x e x e x x →+∞→+∞→+∞=++-=++- ()1ln lim ln(1)ln lim ln()xxxxx x x e x e e e e→+∞→+∞+ = +-=lim ln(1)ln10x x e -→+∞=+==所以y ax b x =+=是曲线的斜渐近线，所以共有3条，选择（D ） （7） 设向量组123,,ααα线性无关，则下列向量组线性相关的是( )A .12αα-2331,,αααα--B .12αα+2331,,αααα++C .1223312,2,2αααααα---D .1223312,2,2αααααα+++【答案】(A)【考点】向量组线性相关的判别法 【难易度】★★★【详解】解析：方法1：根据线性相关的定义，若存在不全为零的数123,,k k k ，使得1122330k k k ααα++=成立，则称123,,ααα线性相关.因 1223310αααααα-+-+-=，故122331αααααα---，，线性相关，所以选择（A ）. 方法2：排除法因 [][][]1223311231232101,,,,110,,,011C αααααααααααα⎡⎤⎢⎥+++==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦ 其中2101110011C ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦， 2101110011C =11101111(1)20111111111011+-⨯-+-=-=⨯-⨯-行行（）（）20=≠.故2C 是可逆矩阵，由可逆矩阵可以表示为若干个初等矩阵的乘积, 2C 右乘[]123,,ααα时，等于作若干次初等变换，初等变换不改变矩阵的秩，故有122331123(,,)(,,)3r r ααααααααα+++==故122331,,αααααα+++线性无关，排除（B ）.因 [][][]12233112312331022,2,2,,210,,,021C αααααααααααα-⎡⎤⎢⎥---=-=⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦其中3102210021C -⎡⎤⎢⎥=-⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦，3102210021C -=--111021410141112421021+--⨯-=-=⨯--⨯---行2+2行（）（）（）≠=-70.故3C 是可逆矩阵，故有122331123(2,2,2)(,,)3r r ααααααααα---==故1223312,2,2αααααα---线性无关，排除（C ）.因[][][]12233112312341022,2,2,,210,,,021C αααααααααααα⎡⎤⎢⎥+++==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦ 其中4102210021C ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦， 4102210021C =11102141(2)20141112421021+-⨯-+-=-=⨯-⨯-行行（）（）90.=≠故4C 是可逆矩阵，故有122331123(2,2,2)(,,)3r r ααααααααα+++==故1223312,2,2αααααα+++线性无关，排除（D ）. 综上知应选（A ）.（8） 设矩阵211121112A --⎡⎤⎢⎥=--⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎣⎦，100010000B ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦，则A 与B （ ） A . 合同，且相似 B . 合同，但不相似C . 不合同，但相似D . 既不合同，也不相似【答案】（B ）【考点】相似矩阵的概念，矩阵合同的判定 【难易度】★★ 【详解】解析：211121112E A λλλλ--=--112312112λλλλλ--、列分别加到列 111121112λλλλ--提出1111103112λλλ⨯---行（）+2行11111033λλλ⨯---行（）+3行113103λλλ+-=--（）()230λλ=-=则的A 特征值为3，3，0;B 是对角阵，对角元素即是其特征值，则B 的特征值为1，1，0.,A B 的特征值不相同，由相似矩阵的特征值相同知，A B 与不相似.由,A B 的特征值可知，,A B 的正惯性指数都是2，又秩都等于2可知负惯性指数也相同，则由实对称矩阵合同的充要条件是有相同的正惯性指数和相同的负惯性指数，知A 与B合同，应选（B ）.(9) 某人向同一目标独立重复射击，每次射击命中目标的概率为(01),p p <<则此人第4次射击恰好第2次命中目标的概率为 ( )A .23(1)p p -B . 26(1)p p -C .223(1)p p -D .226(1)p p -【答案】()C【考点】事件独立性的性质，独立重复试验 【难易度】★★【详解】解析：把独立重复射击看成独立重复试验.射中目标看成试验成功. 第4次射击恰好是第2次命中目标可以理解为：第4次试验成功而前三次试验中必有1次成功，2次失败.根据独立重复的伯努利试验，前3次试验中有1次成功2次失败.其概率必为123(1).C p p -再加上第4次是成功的，其概率为p . 根据独立性原理，若事件1,,n A A L 独立，则{}{}{}{}1212n n P A A A P A P A P A =I I L I L 所以，第4次射击为第二次命中目标的概率为12223(1)3(1).C p p p p p -⋅=-所以应选（C ）(10) 设随机变量(,)X Y 服从二维正态分布，且X 与Y 不相关，(),()X Y f x f y 分别表示,X Y 的概率密度，则在Y y =条件下，X 的条件概率密度()X Y f x y 为( )A .()X f xB .()Y f yC .()()X Y f x f yD .()()X Y f x f y 【答案】()A【考点】二维正态分布的性质、二维连续型随机变量的条件密度 【难易度】★★★【详解】解析：二维正态随机变量(,)X Y 中，X 与Y 的独立等价于X 与Y 不相关.而对任意两随机变量X 与Y ，如果它们相互独立，则有(,)()()X Y f x y f x f y =.由于二维正态随机变量(,)X Y 中X 与Y 不相关，故X 与Y 独立，且(,)()()X Y f x y f x f y =.根据条件概率密度的定义，当在Y y =条件下，如果()0,Y f y ≠则(,)(|)()X Y Y f x y f x y f y =()()()()X Y X Y f x f y f x f y ==.现()Y f y 显然不为0，因此(|)().X X Y f x y f x = 所以应选(A).二、填空题：11-16小题，每小题4分，共24分，请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上（11）3231lim(sin cos )____________2x x x x x x x →+∞+++=+ 【答案】0【考点】洛必达法则，无穷小量的性质 【难易度】★★【解析】解析：由洛必达法则，3231lim 2x x x x x →+∞+++()2223262lim lim 2ln 232ln 26x x x x x x x x x→+∞→+∞∞+∞+ ∞+∞+ ()36lim 0,2ln 26x x →+∞∞ =∞+ 而1sin 1x -≤≤，1cos 1x -≤≤，所以(sin cos )x x +是有界变量，根据无穷小量乘以有界量仍是无穷小量，所以3231lim (sin cos )0.2x x x x x x x →∞+++=+ （12）设函数123y x =+，则()(0)___________n y = 【答案】1(1)2!3n n n n +- 【考点】高阶导数 【难易度】★★ 【详解】解析：()112323y x x -==++，()()()111111'(1)232(1)1!223y x x x ----'=-⋅+⋅=-⋅⋅⋅+，()()321222''(1)(2)223(1)2!223,,y x x ---=-⋅-⋅⋅+=-⋅⋅+L由数学归纳法可知()1()(1)2!23,n n nnyn x --=-+把0x =代入得：()1(1)2!(0)3n n n n n y +-= （13）设(,)f u v 是二元可微函数，(,),y xz f x y=则z zxy x y∂∂-=∂∂_________ 【答案】''122()y x f f x y-+ 【考点】多元复合函数一阶偏导数的求法【难易度】★★【详解】121221''''x y y z y x f f f f x x x x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫∂∂ ⎪⎪∂⎛⎫⎝⎭⎝⎭=⋅+⋅=⋅-+⋅ ⎪∂∂∂⎝⎭，12'x y y z x f f y y y ⎛⎫⎛⎫∂∂ ⎪⎪∂⎝⎭⎝⎭'=⋅+⋅=∂∂∂1221''x f f x y ⎛⎫⋅+⋅- ⎪⎝⎭把z x ∂∂，zy∂∂代入z z x y x y ∂∂-∂∂，则： 12122211''''z z y x x y x f f y f f x y x y x y ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎛⎫∂∂⎛⎫-=⋅⋅-+⋅-⋅+⋅-⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥∂∂⎝⎭⎣⎦⎝⎭⎣⎦ 1212''''y x y x f f f f x y x y ⎛⎫=-⋅+⋅-⋅+⋅ ⎪⎝⎭''122()y x f f x y =-+（14）微分方程31()2dy y y dx x x=-满足11x y ==的特解为y=_____________【考点】变量可分离的微分方程 【难易度】★★ 【解析】令,y ux =有(),d ux dy du du ux x u x dx dx dx dx'==+=+ 原方程化为31,2du u xu u dx +=- 即 32,du dxu x=- 此式为变量可分离的微分方程，两边积分，32du dx u x =-⎰⎰121ln x C u⇒-=-+得 21ln x C u =+把y u x=代入上式得：22ln x y x C =+再把(1,1)代入上式得：1,C =所以得特解y =（其中因为11x y ==，所以y ≠.（15）设距阵01000010,00010000A ⎛⎫⎪ ⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭则3A 的秩为＿＿＿＿＿【答案】1【考点】矩阵的秩 【难易度】★★ 【详解】解析：2010001000010*********001000100010000000000000000A ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪⎪ ⎪⎪⎪ ⎪== ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭32001001000001000100100000000000010000000000000000A A A ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪⎪ ⎪⎪⎪ ⎪=⋅== ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭由阶梯矩阵的行秩等于列秩，其值等于阶梯形矩阵的非零行的行数，知()3 1.r A = (16)在区间(0,1)中随机地取两个数,则两数之差的绝对值小于12的概率为＿＿＿＿＿＿. 【答案】3.4【考点】几何型概率 【难易度】★★【详解】解析：不妨假定随机地抽出两个数分别为X Y 和，它们应是相互独立的.如果把,X Y （）看成平面上一个点的坐标，则由于01,01,X Y <<<<所以,X Y （）为平面上正方形： 01,01X Y <<<<中的一个点. X Y 和两个数之差的绝对值小于12对应于正方形中12X Y -<的区域.所有可能随机在区间(0,1)中随机取的两个数,X Y ，可以被看成上图中单位正方形里的点.12X Y -<的区域就是正方形中阴影的面积D .根据几何概率的定义： 211132.214D P X Y ⎛⎫- ⎪⎛⎫⎝⎭-<=== ⎪⎝⎭的面积单位正方形面积三、解答题：17－24小题，共86分。

2007 年全年硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题一、选择题： 1～ 10 小题 , 每小题 4 分, 共 40 分, 下列每题给出的四个选项中 , 只有一个选项符合题目要求 , 请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸 指定位置上．．．．(1) 当 x 0 时 , 与 x 等价的无穷小量是 ( )(A)1 e x.(B)ln1x . (C)1x1. (D)1 cos x .1x答案： (B) .(2) 曲线 y1 ln(1 e x ) 渐近线的条数为 ( )0 x1.23(A) . (B)(C).(D).答案： (D) .(3) 如图 , 连续函数 yf ( x) 在区间 3, 2 , 2,3 上的图形分别是直径为1 的上、下半圆周 , 在区2,0 ,0,2 上的图形分别是直径为xf (t)dt , 则下列结论正确间2 的上、下半圆周 , 设 F ( x)的是( )(A) F (3)3 F( 2).(B)F (3)5F(2) .44(C) F( 3)3F(2).(D)F( 3)5F ( 2) .44答案： (C) .(4) 设函数 f ( x) 在 x0 处连续 , 则下列命题错误 的是 ( )．．(A) 若 limx 0(C) 若 limx 0答案： (D) .(5) 设函数 f ( x) 确的是() f ( x) 存在 , 则 f (0) 0 .(B)若 lim f ( x)f ( x)存在 , 则 f (0)0 .xx 0xf ( x)存在 , 则 f (0) 存在 .(D)若 lim f (x)f ( x)存在 , 则 f (0) 存在 .xx 0x在 (0, ) 上具有二阶导数 , 且 f ( x)0 , 令 u n f (n) (n 1,2, ) , 则下列结论正(A)若 u 1 u 2 , 则 u n 必收敛 .(B) 若 u 1 u 2 , 则 u n 必发散 . (C) 若 uu , 则 u 必收敛 .(D)若 uu , 则 u必发散 .12n12n答案： (D) .(6) 设曲线 L : f ( x, y)1( f ( x, y) 具有一阶连续偏导数 ), 过第Ⅱ象限内的点 M 和第Ⅳ象限内的点 N , 为 L 上从点 M 到点 N 的一段弧 , 则下列积分小于零 的是 ( )．．．(A)f (x, y)dx . (B)f ( x, y)dy .(C)f (x, y)ds .(D)f x (x, y)dx f y (x, y) dy .答案： (B) .(7) 设向量组1,2,3线性无关 , 则下列向量组线性相关 的是( )．．．． (A)(C)12 ,23,31 . (B) 12 ,23 ,31 .12 2 ,223 ,32 1 .(D)12 2 ,223 ,32 1 .答案： (A) .21 1 1 0 0(8) 设矩阵 A12 1 , B 0 1 0 ,则 A 与B ( ) 1120 0 0(A) 合同, 且相似 .(C) 不合同 , 但相似 . (B) 合同 , 但不相似 . (D)既不合同 , 也不相似 .答案： (B) .(9) 某人向同一目标独立重复射击 , 每次射击命中目标的概率为p(0p 1) , 则此人第 4 次射击恰好第 2 次命中目标的概率为( )(A)3 p(1 p) 2 . (B)6 p(1 p)2 .(C)3p 2 (1p)2 .(D)6p 2 (1 p)2 .答案： (C) .(10) 设随机变量 ( X ,Y) 服从二维正态分布 ,且 X 与Y 不相关 , f X ( x), f Y ( y) 分别表示 X , Y 的概率密度,则在Yy 条件下 , X 的条件概率密度 f X Y ( x y) 为 ( )(A)f X ( x) . (B)f Y ( y) .(C)f X ( x) f Y ( y) . (D)f X( x).f Y ( y)答案： (A) .二、填空题： 11～ 16 小题 , 每小题 4 分 , 共 24 分 , 请将答案写在答题纸 指定位置上 .．．． 21 1 .(11)x 3e xdx1答案： e .2(12)设 f (u, v) 为二元可微函数,z f ( x y , y x ), 则z.z x答案：f1 ( x y , y x ) yx y1f2 (x y , y x ) y x ln yx.(13)二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程y4y3y2e2x的通解为y.答案：非齐次线性微分方程的通解为y C1e x C2e3 x2e2 x.(14)设曲面: x y z1,则( x y )dS.答案：( x y )dS1443. y dS3330 1 00(15)设距阵 A00 1 0,则A3的秩为.000 1000 0答案： r A3 1.(16)在区间 (0,1) 中随机地取两个数,则这两数之差的绝对值小于1的概率为. 23答案：.三、解答题：17～ 24 小题 , 共 86 分 . 请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上. 解答应写出文字说明、．．．证明过程或演算步骤.(17)( 本题满分 11 分)求函数 f (x, y) x22y2x2 y2, 在区域 D (x, y) x2y24, y0 上的最大值和最小值.答案：函数在 D 上的最大值为 f (0, 2) 8 ,最小值为 f (0,0)0 .(18) (本题满分10分)计算曲面积分 I xzdydz 2zydzdx 3xydxdy, 其中为曲面 z 1 x2 y2(0 z 1)的上侧.4答案：I.(19)( 本题满分 11 分)设函数 f ( x) , g (x) 在a, b 上连续,在(a, b)内二阶可导且存在相等的最大值, 又f ( a)＝g (a) , f (b) ＝ g(b) ,证明：存在(a,b), 使得 f ''( )g ''( ).证明：设(x) f (x) g( x) ,由题设 f ( x), g ( x) 存在相等的最大值, 设x1(a,b) ,x2(a, b)使 f ( x1 ) max f ( x) g( x2 ) max g( x) .[ a .b][ a.b ]若x1x2,即f ( x)与g( x)在同一点取得最大值, 此时 , 取x1,有f ( )g ( ) ；若 x1x2,不妨设 x1x2,则( x1 ) f (x1) g (x1) 0 ,(x2 ) f (x2 ) g( x2 ) 0 ,且( x) 在a,b 上连续,则由零点定理得存在(a, b), 使得( ) 0 ,即 f ( ) g( ) ；由题设 f (a) ＝ g (a) , f (b) ＝ g (b) ,则(a) 0(b) ,结合( ) 0 ,且(x) 在a, b 上连续 , 在(a, b)内二阶可导 , 应用两次使用罗尔定理知：存在1(a, ), 2 ( , b),使得( 1)＝0, ( 2)0.在[ 1,2 ] 再由罗尔定理,存在( 1, 2)，使( )0 .即 f ( ) g ( ) .(20)( 本题满分 10 分)设幂级数a n x n在 (,)内收敛,其和函数 y(x) 满足 y 2xy 4y 0, y(0) 0, y (0) 1.n 0(I) 证明a n22a n , n1,2, .n1(II)求 y( x) 的表达式.答案： (I)证明：对 y ax n n , 求一阶和二阶导数, 得y na n x n 1, y n(n 1)a n x n 2 ,n 0n 1n 2代入 y2xy 4 y 0 ,得n( n 1)a n x n 22x na n x n 1 4 a n x n0 .n 2n 1n 0即(n 1)(n 2) a n 2 x n2na n x n4a n x n0 .n 0n 1n 0于是2a 2 4a 0 00, n 1,2,,从而an 22a n , n 1,2, .1)a2an 1 (nn 2 n(II) yxe x 2.(21) ( 本题满分 11 分 )x 1 x 2 x 3 0设线性方程组x 1 2x 2 ax 30 (1) 与 方程 x 12x 2 x 3a 1 (2) 有公共解 , 求 a 得x 14x 2 a 2 x 3 0值及所有公共解 .1 1 1 0答案：当 a 1 时, ( A b)0 1 0 0 , 所以方程组的通解为 k (1,0, 1)T , k 为任意常数 , 此即为0 0 0 00 0 0方程组 (1) 与 (2) 的公共解 .1 11 0当 a2 时 , ( A b)1 1 0 , 此时方程组有唯一解(0,1, 1)T , 此即为方程组 (1) 与1 10 00 0(2) 的公共解 .(22) ( 本题满分11 分)设 3 阶实对称矩阵A 的特征值 1 1, 2 2, 3 2, 1 (1, 1,1)T是 A 的属于1 的一个特征向量 .记 BA 5 4 A 3 E ,其中 E 为3 阶单位矩阵 .(I)验证 1 是矩阵 B 的特征向量 , 并求 B 的全部特征值与特征向量； (II)求矩阵 B .答案：(I) 由 A 11 , 可得 A k1A k 1 ( A 1)A k 1 11 , k 是正整数 , 则B 1 (A 5 4A 3 E) 1 A 5 14A 31E 114112 1 ,于是 1 是矩阵 B 的属于特征值12特征向量 .所以 B 的所有的特征向量为：对应于12 的全体特征向量为 k 11 ,其中k 1 是非零任意常1k , k200011 (II)BP010P 110 1 .001110 (23) (本题满分11 分 )设二维随机变量( X ,Y) 的概率密度为 f ( x, y)2x y,0 x 1,0 y 1, 0,其他 ,(I)求PX 2Y；(II)求 Z X Y 的概率密度f Z(z).答案：111 5 x7(I)P X2Y dx xx y)dy2 ) dx.2 (2( x008242z z2 ,0z1,(II) f Z (z)z24z4,1z2,0,其他 .(24) (本题满分11 分)1,0 x,2设总体 X 的概率密度为 f (x; )1,x 1, 其中参数 (01) 未2(1)0,其他知,X1, X 2 ,... X n是来自总体X的简单随机样本,X是样本均值.(I)求参数的矩估计量；(II)判断 4X 22的无偏估计量 , 并说明理由 .是否为答案：(I)12X；222是否成立即可 .(II) 只须验证E(4 X )E(4X ) 4E(X ) 4(DX (EX )2) 4( 1DX (EX )2) ,22nE(X )1 1 , E(X 2)1(12 2),4 2 6D(X) E(X 2) (EX )25 12 1 2 ,代入得 E(4 X)5 3n 3n 14812 ,所以4X 不是2的无偏估计量 .3n 1 2 22212n 3n3n。

2007-2008年华中师范大学教育技术学专业计算机应用基础考研真题院系、招生专业：信息技术系、教育技术学考试时间：月日午考试科目代码及名称：计算机应用基础C语言程序设计（70分）一、问答题1、何为递归调用？何为嵌套调用？（5分）2、指出int *p、int **p、int *p()、int (*p)()定义的含义。

（12分）3、C语言中有哪几种循环语句？其循环流程的区别是怎样的？（5分）二、画图解下列问题的流程图1、设计算法，使能使用尽量少的人名币的纸币张数，表示一个有限的整数金额，设人名币只有100元、50元、20元、10元、5元、1元纸币。

（10分）2、将数组A中的实数从大到小顺序排列。

（8分）三、编程题1、编写程序，从键盘输入一个字符串，并将其中非小写字母的字符去掉。

（10分）2、某小组8个队足球比赛完毕，所有比赛结果均有记录，设任两队之间只赛了一场，且比赛没有平局，胜队的3分，负队得0分。

编辑输出该小组名次顺序，规则是首先看积分，积分相同看净胜球数，以后依次为进球数、两队之间的比赛结果。

为了简化问题，设通过以上比较肯定能得出排名顺序，也就是说不需要考虑连环套的现象。

（20分）数据结构与数据库：80分一、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1．用二维表格结构表示实体及实体之间联系的数据模型称为【】模型。

2.深度为8（根层次为1）的二叉树至多有【】个节点。

3.已知二维数组A【20】【10】采用以行为主序的方式进行存储，每个元素占2个存储单元，并且A【10】【5】的地址是1000，则A【18】【9】的存储地址是【】。

4.有一组关键字{50，52，85，22，96，17，36，55}，若采用以第一个元素为分界元素的快速排序法，则一趟扫描的结果是【】5.一个有N个顶点的无向图最多有【】条边。

6.设关系R和S的元组个数分别是100和200，关系T是S和R的笛卡尔积，则T的元组个数是【】7.“栈”的特点是【】8.在N个记录的有序顺序表中进行折半查找，最大的比较次数是【】9.在SELECT语句中，表示条件表达式用【】字句。