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初一英语练习题及答案一、词汇练习1. 根据所给的英文单词，写出它们的中文意思。
- Friend ( )- School ( )- Teacher ( )- Family ( )- Book ( )2. 根据所给的中文意思，写出对应的英文单词。
- 朋友 ( )- 学校 ( )- 老师 ( )- 家庭 ( )- 书 ( )二、语法填空1. This is ______ (我) English book.2. That is ______ (他) pencil.3. My mother is a ______ (教师).4. ______ (我们) are students.5. ______ (她) is my sister.三、阅读理解阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
Tom is a student in a middle school. He has many friends at school. His favorite subject is English. He likes reading English books and listening to English songs. His English teacher, Miss Green, is very kind and helpful. Tom's family has four members: his parents, his sister and himself. His sister, Lucy, is a student in a primary school. Tom's family loves to go to the park on weekends.1. What is Tom's favorite subject?2. Who is very kind and helpful?3. How many members are there in Tom's family?4. Where does Tom's family like to go on weekends?四、完型填空Tom is a very active boy. He ______(1) many friends in his school. He likes to play soccer with them after school. His favorite player is David Beckham. He ______(2) a poster of Beckham in his bedroom. Tom's English is very good. He______(3) English every day. He also likes to read English books. His mother is a ______(4). She often helps him with his homework. Tom's sister is a student, too. She ______(5) in a primary school.1. ( ) a. has b. had c. having2. ( ) a. have b. has c. having3. a. study b. studies c. studied4. a. doctor b. teacher c. nurse5. a. study b. studies c. studied五、翻译句子1. 我有一个好朋友。
初一英语练习题加答案一、选择题：1. What's this in English?A. It's a pen.B. It's a book.C. It's a desk.答案： A2. How do you spell "cat"?A. K-A-TB. C-A-TC. C-A-U答案： B3. What color is the apple?A. It's red.B. It's green.C. It's blue.答案： A4. What time is it now?A. It's 8:00.B. It's 9:00.C. It's 10:00.答案： A5. Where are you from?A. I'm from China.B. I'm from America.C. I'm from England.答案： A二、填空题：6. My name is ______. (我的名字是)答案： [学生姓名]7. I have a ______. (我有一只)A. dogB. cat答案： B8. There are ______ days in a week. (一周有七天)答案： seven9. The ______ is red. (太阳是红色的)A. sunB. moon答案： A10. I like ______. (我喜欢音乐)A. musicB. sport答案： A三、翻译题：11. 这是我的家人。
答案： This is my family.12. 你来自哪里？答案： Where are you from?13. 他是一个好学生。
答案： He is a good student.14. 我喜欢阅读和写作。
答案： I like reading and writing.15. 我们每天上英语课。
初一上册七年级(完整版)英语常识和习语50题专题(练习题含答案)及解析一、选择题1．—My sister has entered the best school she likes after years of hard work.—Great! Just as the saying goes, “________”.A．burn the candle at both ends B．practice makes perfectC．the early bird catches the wom D．no pain, no gain2．—I'm going to give a talk on the Dragon Boat Festival to the exchange students.—Great! But don't forget to tell them______.A．what should they eat at the festivalB．why people enjoy the full moonC．what kind of race is often heldD．How do people celebrate it3．—It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.—That’s right. ________.A．Don’t burn the candle at both ends B．No pain, no gainC．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket D．Many hands make light work4．________ Though I know you are confident about the job, try a few more!A．It never rains but it pours. B．Many hands make light work.C．Every dog has its day. D．Don’t pull all your eggs in one basket. 5．—V olunteers tried their best to clean the park last weekend.—________. And everyone can make an effort to protect the environment.A．Practice makes perfect B．Many hands make light workC．East, west, home is best D．Burn the candle at both ends6．—Look at this mess! How much time do you think we need to clear it up?—It is a big job, but ________. Let’s all get started now.A．many hands make light work B．a friend in need is a friend indeedC．the early bird catches the worm D．actions speak louder than words7．—Is the air pollution getting better these days?—No. ________ , water in the rivers nearby is becoming worse and worse. Can you find out the reason?A．It never rains but it pours B．A miss is as good as a mileC．The early bird catches the worm D．Burn the candle at both ends8．— Dad never says that he is good at cooking, but in fact he is.— Yes. He always cooks delicious meals for us, that is ________.A．the early bird catches the worm B．many hands make light workC．burn the candle at both ends D．actions speak louder than words 9．—We must work hard as a team or we will fail a second time.—Yes. Just as a saying goes, “________.”A．One finger can’t lift a small stone B．He who laughs last laughs bestC．One stone kills two birds D．One is never too old to learn10．—I never thought Eddie did so good a job in the competition.—How lucky he is! Just as the saying goes “ ________”.A．Every dog has its day B．Practice makes perfectC．Actions speak louder than words D．The early bird catches the worm 11．—What’s eating you? You are sitting there in silence all morning.—I didn’t pass the test.A．What are you eating B．How long have you eaten itC．Why did you laugh D．What happened12．—My cousin was almost chosen as the general manager. It’s a pity a small mistake cost him the great chance.—________.A．Every dog has its day B．A miss is as good as a mileC．Never say bad words about others behind D．No pains, no gains13．Amy cleaned the house for her father. Her father gave her some money for working. The next day Amy couldn’t find her money. Then she found it. It was in her b ackpack!It is a fact that ________.A．cleaning house is hard work B．Amy found the money in her backpack C．a backpack is a good place to hide money D．Amy’s father is very generous14．Look at the text below on environment. What kind of way is used to organize the idea? [Our environment is getting worse. The sky is not as blue as before. The water is not clean any more. The weather changes so often. We have more bad weather.]A．Time order. B．Space order.C．General to specific. D．Specific to general.15．—I hope to get the highest grades in the final exams.—________. You never work hard.A．Work like a dog B．In your dreamsC．Every dog has its day D．Put all your eggs in one basket16．—All the people of Yancheng should work together to make our hometown more beautiful.—Yes. ________.A．Many hands make light work B．Practice makes perfectC．Burn the candle at both ends D．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket 17．— My friend Tony is always behind me to encourage and help me to get over all the difficulties.—He is so kind. This is _________A．Many hands make light work. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.C．No pains, no gains. D．East and west, home is the best.18．Here we are in India. So why not try on the saris, dear?A．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. B．No pain, no gain.C．You’ re never too old to learn.D．Practice makes perfect.19．"___________" means "If lots of people share the work, it will make a job easier to complete."A．Burn the candle at both ends. B．Every dog has its day.C．Many hands make light work. D．A friend in need is a friend indeed. 20．—Mom, I spent a whole night preparing for the exam.—My God.___don't stay up too late, or you' ll be tired out.A．You can't put your eggs in one basketB．The grass is always greener on the other sideC．You can't burn the candle at both endsD．Do as Romans do when in Rome21．—The year 2019 marks the 70th anniversary (周年)of the founding of the People's Republic of China.—As we know, ____. We have made great achievements in many fields.A．many hands make light work B．money isn’t everythingC．well begun is half done D．something is better than nothing22．–I have spent several nights preparing for the coming exam.-It’s bad for you to stay up too late. As the saying goes, "____________".A．You are never too old to learn. B．Actions speak louder than words.C．You can’t burn the candle at both ends.D．You can't put all your eggs in one basket. 23．— What are people supposed to do when they meet for the first time in the US?— ________A．They’re supposed to kiss each other.B．They’re supposed to bow.C．They’re expected to shake hands.D．They’re expected to hug.24．— , could you tell me where to park my car?—Sure. There’s an underground parking lot over there.A．Let it go B．Pardon me C．Excuse me D．On the way 25．—It’s said that the deaf player came first on a rainy day with other healthy people.—________.A．It never rains but pours B．The early bird catches the worm C．Every dog has its day D．Practice makes perfect26．—Never give up. If you keep practicing speaking English e very day. you’ll make great progress.---Thanks for encouraging me. I know .A．practice makes perfectB．it never rains but it poursC．many hands make light workD．the grass is always greener on the other side27．—Teamwork is very important in a football match.—I think so. _______.A．The early bird catches the worm B．Every dog has its dayC．One tree can’t make a forest D．Everything comes to him who waits 28．You should do more and talk less. Actions speak louder than words.A．What you do isn’t important. B．What you do is as important as you say. C．What you do is more important than what you say. D．What you do is less important than you say.29．—I’ve made little progress in English this term.—Don’t worry. ________A．All roads lead to Rome B．Rome wasn’t built in a dayC．Well begun is half done D．The early bird catches the worm30．My car broke down on the way to the airport, so I rushed there by taxi only to find my flight had been cancelled. What can I say?A．It never rains but it pours. B．Every dog has its day.C．The early bird catches the worm. D．Never put all your eggs in one basket. 31．Dad never says that he is good at cooking, but in fact he is. He always cooks delicious meals for us, that is ________.A．every dog has its day B．put all your eggs in one basketC．a miss is as good as a mile D．actions speak louder than words 32．Keep on dancing, and you’ll be better at it. ________.A．Practice makes perfect B．Burn the candle at both endsC．It never rains but it pours D．A friend in need is a friend indeed33．－It’s not difficult for five workers to push the broken van away.－Yes, _______.A．When the cat’s away, the mice will play.B．Every dog has its day.C．Many hands make light work.D．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.34．—Good news! Another new member in the Beidou family was sent into space.— Scientists tried their best to pay attention to every detail. To them, ________.A．it never rains but it pours B．a friend in need is a friend indeedC．a miss is as good as a mile D．the grass is always greener on the other side 35．—It's exciting that Chinese women's volleyball team won the World Cup.—Well, teamwork is important. As we know，___________.A．a good beginning is half done B．one tree can't make a forestC．actions speak louder than words D．every coin has two sides36．----I'm tired out.----How can you be manager and accountant at one time? .A．The early bird catches the wormB．Don't put all your eggs in one basketC．Actions speak louder than wordsD．Don't burn the candle at both ends37．—Ben, you need to face fears and get over them.—That’s right. ________.A．It is easier said than done B．Better late than neverC．No pain, no gain D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart 38．一I can’t believe you have finished the work.一 My friends helped me out. J ust as the saying goes,”__________.”A．Practice makes perfectB．Put all your eggs in one basketC．Burn the candle at both endsD．Many hands make light work39．—It’s easy to clean up all the trash if we each offer to help.—Yes. ______.A．Many hands make light workB．There is no smoke without fireC．Where there is a will, there is a wayD．A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart40．—Oh，dear! How can I finish so much work in 20 minutes?—Don’t worry. .We can give you a helping hand.A．Practice makes perfectB．Many hands make light workC．It never rains but it poursD．Every dog has its day41．-How do you fee1 about the new film?- I don't like the end.A．All of a sudden B．To be honestC．After all D．In this way42．–If I work hard at my lessons from now on, can I do well in them?-- Sure. _________.A．All rivers run into the sea B．Every day is not SundayC．Better late than never D．Practice makes perfect43．—Look at this mess! How much time do you think we need to clear it up?—It is a bi g job, but _________. Let’s all get started now.A．many hands make light work B．a friend in need is a friend indeed C．the early bird catches the worm D．actions speak louder than words 44．My father never says he is good at cooking, but in fact he is. He always cooks delicious meals for us, that is, ________ .A．no pain, no gain B．actions speak louder than words C．practice makes perfect D．a friend in need is a friend indeed 45．—It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.—Well, you know what they say, ________.A．there is no smoke without fire B．practice makes perfectC．all roads lead to Rome D．no pains, no gains46．—I promise I will work harder next week, Mum.—Well, just as the saying goes, “________ .” I do hope that you’ll act r ight away.A．A friend in need is a friend indeed B．Many hands make light workC．The grass is greener on the other side D．Actions speak louder than words47．He is always telling his director how to run the business, that’s like “________”. A．Teaching his grandmother to suck eggs B．Keeping his ear to the groundC．A good beginning makes a bad ending D．It’s never too old to learn48．—You want my advice on this matter?—Of course, ________.A．I’m all ears B．I’m all eye C．it’s under my nose D．it’s not my tea 49．“_________”means that you have to do something before others in order to be successful. A．A miss is as good as a mile. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.C．The early bird catches the worm. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 50．“______”means that you have to do something before others in order to be successful.A．A miss is as good as a mile B．A friend in need is a friend indeedC．The early bird catches the worm D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．D解析：D【详解】句意：——经过多年的努力，我妹妹已经进入了她喜欢的最好的学校。
初一英语学科学习资源推荐练习题40题含答案解析1.This is a pen. That is a _____.A.pencilB.bookC.rulerputer答案解析：A。
“pencil”是铅笔，“book”是书，“ruler”是尺子，“computer”是电脑。
根据句子意思，前面说这是一支钢笔，后面应该是类似的文具，所以是铅笔。
2.I have a new _____.A.shirtB.dressC.skirtD.coat答案解析：D。
“shirt”是衬衫，“dress”是连衣裙，“skirt”是短裙，“coat”是外套。
根据常识，新的一般可以是外套。
3.She has a beautiful _____.A.hatB.bagC.shoeD.sock答案解析：A。
“hat”是帽子，“bag”是包，“shoe”是鞋子，“sock”是袜子。
只有帽子可以用beautiful 来形容比较恰当。
4.He likes to eat _____.A.appleB.bananaC.orangeD.pear答案解析：B。
“apple”是苹果，“banana”是香蕉，“orange”是橘子，“pear”是梨。
like to eat 后面跟可数名词单数，四个选项都符合语法，但香蕉比较常见且顺口。
5.My mother is a _____.A.teacherB.doctorC.nurseD.driver答案解析：A。
“teacher”是老师，“doctor”是医生，“nurse”是护士，“driver”是司机。
一般来说妈妈的职业比较常见的是老师。
6.I go to school by _____.A.busB.carC.bikeD.train答案解析：C。
“bus”是公交车，“car”是小汽车，“bike”是自行车，“train”是火车。
初一学生一般骑自行车上学比较多。
7.There is a big _____ in our school.A.libraryB.classroomC.playgroundD.office答案解析：C。
七年级英语学科重点练习题30题含答案解析1.My mother is a teacher.She is very busy at school and often comes home late.（）A.workB.jobC.worksD.jobs答案解析：B。
“job”和“work”都有“工作”的意思，但“job”是可数名词，“work”是不可数名词。
这句话中“a teacher”说明是一份工作，应该用可数名词“job”。
选项A“work”不可数不能用 a 修饰；选项C“works”意思是作品或工厂；选项D“jobs”用在这里语法错误，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词不能用原形。
2.There are many books in my schoolbag.（）are very heavy.A.ItB.TheyC.ThemD.Their答案解析：B。
这句话的主语是“books”，是复数，要用“they”来指代。
选项A“It”指代单数；选项C“Them”是宾格，不能做主语；选项D“Their”是形容词性物主代词，后面要跟名词。
3.My father is a doctor.He is very kind to his（）.A.patientsB.patientesC.patientD.patient's答案解析：A。
“patient”的意思是“病人”，是可数名词，这里爸爸是医生，对他的病人们好，要用复数形式“patients”。
选项B 拼写错误；选项C 是单数；选项D“patient's”是所有格形式，意思是病人的。
4.I like playing basketball after school.It is（）.A.funB.funnyC.interestD.interesting答案解析：A。
“fun”的意思是“有趣的事，乐趣”；“funny”是“滑稽的，好笑的”；“interest”是名词“兴趣”；“interesting”是“有趣的”。
初一英语学科学习资源推荐单选题40题(含答案)1.This is ____ book. It's very interesting.A.aB.anC.theD./答案：A。
本题考查冠词的用法。
a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用于元音音素开头的单词前，the 表示特指。
book 是辅音音素开头，且这里不是特指，所以用a。
2.I have ____ apple. It's red.A.aB.anC.theD./答案：B。
apple 是元音音素开头，不是特指，所以用an。
3.There is ____ map on the wall.A.aB.anC.theD./答案：A。
map 是辅音音素开头，不是特指，用a。
4.____ sun is very big.A.AB.AnC.TheD./答案：C。
sun 是独一无二的事物，要用定冠词the 表示特指。
5.I like playing ____ basketball.A.aB.anC.theD./答案：D。
play basketball 是固定搭配，球类运动前不加冠词。
6.She is reading ____ book about history.A.aB.anC.theD./答案：A。
book 是辅音音素开头，这里不是特指，用a。
7.There are many ____ on the desk.A.bookB.booksC.a bookD.an book答案：B。
many 后接可数名词复数，book 的复数是books。
8.This is my ____ bag.A.aB.anC.theD./答案：无冠词。
my 是形容词性物主代词，后面不能再用冠词，所以选无冠词选项。
9.I have two ____.A.pencilB.pencilsC.a pencilD.an pencil答案：B。
two 后接可数名词复数，pencil 的复数是pencils。
初一必考英语试题及答案一、选择题1. What's this in English?A. 这是一个苹果。
B. 它是一个苹果。
C. 这在英语中是什么？D. 这用英语怎么说？答案：C2. How do you spell "book"?A. b-o-o-kB. b-o-o-kC. b-o-o-kD. b-o-o-k答案：A3. What color is your bag?A. It's a red.B. It's red.C. It's reds.D. It's reds.答案：B4. What's your favorite subject?A. My favorite subject is math.B. My favorite subject are math.C. My favorite subject is maths.D. My favorite subject are maths.答案：A5. How many books are there in your schoolbag?A. There is one book.B. There are two books.C. There is three books.D. There are four books.答案：B二、填空题6. This is ______ (我的) English book.答案：my7. ______ (他) name is Tom.答案：His8. Can you ______ (带来) your notebook to school tomorrow? 答案：bring9. I ______ (有) a new pen.答案：have10. ______ (不要) be late for school.答案：Don't三、阅读理解阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
七年级英语学科重点知识练习题30题(答案解析)1.She is a ______ girl.A.beautifulB.handsomeC.lovelyD.cute答案解析：A。
“beautiful”通常用来形容女孩漂亮；“handsome”主要形容男孩英俊；“lovely”和“cute”也可以形容可爱，但相比之下“beautiful”更强调外表美丽，符合题意。
2.He runs very ______.A.quickB.quicklyC.slowD.slowly答案解析：B。
“quick”和“slow”是形容词，不能修饰动词“runs”；“quickly”表示快速地；“slowly”表示缓慢地，这里表示跑得快应该用“quickly”。
3.I have a lot of ______.A.bookB.booksC.penD.pens答案解析：B。
“a lot of”后面跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，“book”和“pen”是单数，“books”和“pens”是复数，这里表示很多书应该用“books”。
4.The weather is ______.A.sunnyB.rainC.snowD.wind答案解析：A。
“sunny”表示晴朗的，是形容词；“rain”“snow”“wind”分别是雨、雪、风，是名词，这里需要形容词来形容天气，所以选“A”。
5.She has ______ hair.A.longB.shortC.blackD.brown答案解析：A。
“long”表示长的；“short”表示短的；“black”表示黑色的；“brown”表示棕色的，这里可以从多个角度来形容头发，但是一般先从长短来描述，所以选“A”。
6.He is a ______ boy.A.tallB.shortC.fat答案解析：A。
“tall”表示高的；“short”表示矮的；“fat”表示胖的；“thin”表示瘦的，这里可以从多个角度来形容男孩，但是一般先从高矮来描述，所以选“A”。
初一英语知识点总结及练习一、名词名词是指人、事物、地点、抽象概念等的名称。
名词有单数和复数的形式，表示一个或多个。
名词通常可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1.可数名词可数名词表示可以数算的事物，常见的有单数和复数形式，如：apple - apples，book - books等。
2.不可数名词不可数名词表示不能数算的事物，常见的有：milk，water，sugar，rice等。
三、冠词冠词是名词前的修饰词，包括定冠词the，不定冠词a/an。
1.定冠词thethe用在表示特指或者独一无二的事物前，如：the sun，the moon。
2.不定冠词a/ana用在辅音音素的词前，如：a book，an用在元音音素的词前，如：an apple。
三、动词动词是表示行为或状态的词，动词的时态、语态和语气都会对动词进行变化。
1.时态英语动词有一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。
一般现在时：主语+动词原形+其他。
如：I play football every day.一般过去时：主语+动词过去式+其他。
如：I played football yesterday.一般将来时：主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他。
如：I will play football tomorrow.2.语态动词的语态包括主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：表示主语是动作的发出者，如：I love you.被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，如：You are loved by me.3.语气动词的语气包括陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气：表示陈述事实或真理，如：He is a student.祈使语气：表示恳求、命令或请求，如：Come here，please.虚拟语气：表示非真实的情况，如：If I were you, I would study hard.四、形容词形容词是用来修饰名词的词语，常常用来描述人或事物的特征。
1.比较级形容词的比较级通常由原级词后加-er构成，如：big - bigger; small - smaller。
七年级英语学科重点练习题30题(带答案)1. My sister likes to ____ books in the library after school.A. lookB. readC. seeD. watch答案：B。
解析：read books是固定搭配，表示读书。
look强调看的动作，常与at连用；see强调看到的结果；watch通常用于观看电视、比赛等。
2. There are ____ students in our class, twenty - boys and twenty - girls.A. fortyB. fourtyC. fourteenD. fourteenth答案：A。
解析：根据后面提到的二十个男孩和二十个女孩，可知是四十个学生。
B选项fourty拼写错误；C选项fourteen是十四；D选项fourteenth是第十四。
3. - What's your father? - He is a ____. He teaches English in a middle school.A. doctorB. teacherD. farmer答案：B。
解析：根据回答中提到他在中学教英语，可知是老师。
A选项是医生；C选项是工人；D选项是农民。
4. I have a new pen. It is ____ my mother.A. fromB. toC. atD. on答案：A。
解析：be from表示来自，这里指钢笔来自我的妈妈，即妈妈给的。
B选项to表示到；C选项at表示在某个地点或时刻；D 选项on表示在上面。
5. - How do you go to school every day? - I ____ to school.A. ride a bikeB. by bikeC. take bikeD. on bike答案：A。
解析：ride a bike是动词短语，表示骑自行车，可作谓语。
英语学习是一个不断积累和不断铺垫的过程，在暑期，我们最着重的是对英语语法的疏通，通过全面的概括和总结，使学生的英语语法知识储备形成体系，这样既能使学生避免在做题时乱猜乱撞，又能使他们今后受用。
名词名词可分为专有名词与普通名词，可数名词(trees,books,boxes…)与不可数名词（water,air，peace…）,简单名词(apple)与复合名词(policeman)。
学习本章后要求学员掌握可数名词复数的变化形式，特别是名词的不规则复数形式的变化；掌握复合名词的复数形式；掌握名词所有格的构成及用法；注意区分可数名词与不可数名词。
形容词与副词形容词(如beautiful,sweet,big…)是用来描写或修饰名词的一类词。
在句子中，形容词可用作定语、表语、主语补足语、宾语补足语、状语、独立成分等。
副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
副词的位置比较灵活，有的可放在句首、句中或句末的任一位置；有些表示程度的副词，如often，always，never等，常用在句中，它们的位置又与动词有无助动词有关，多数副词皆置于谓语动词之后，如有宾语，则置于宾语之后；在疑问句中，副词一般只能放在句中或句末；在祈使句中，多数副词置于句末；有时表示序列的副词位于句首。
本章要求学员掌握形容词和副词的比较级的构成、用法及有关的常用句型，了解副词在句中的基本位置及形容词与副词的比较等级的特殊用法介词我们经常在名词或名词短语、代词或动名词前用介词(如in,on,at…)表示人物、事件等与其它句子成分的关系。
介词后面的名词或相当于名词的词语叫介词宾语。
介词可表示地点、时间、比较、反对、原因、手段、所属、条件、让步、关于、对于、根据等。
介词及其宾语构成介词短语(如at home，in the school…)在句中担任后置定语、状语、表语等语法成分。
本单元要求熟记常用介词及介词与其它此类的搭配。
冠词冠词置于名词之前，用来说明名词所指的人或事物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。
英语冠词有：1. 定冠词（the）：主要功用为特指，表示同类中的某一人或某一类人和物(如the boy)。
2. 不定冠词（a，an）：主要功用为泛指，指某类人或物中的任何一个或某一个(如a boy)。
3. 零冠词：它是名词中的一种无形冠词，用在一般所谓的不定冠词的场合。
有三类名词使用零冠词：复数可数名词，不可数名词（用单数形式）及专有名词。
本章要求熟记与冠词有搭配关系的常用习语以及一些不用冠词的固定词组。
重点学习定冠词+单数形式的名词；不定冠词用于物质名词、抽象名词、形容词最高级及序数词；不定冠词的位置；零冠词用于名词；零冠词用于零冠词+带定语的名词结构。
数词数词是表示数量的词，数词的两个类型是基数词（one，two，three…）和序数词（first，second，third…），前者表示多少，后者表示第几。
本单元要求学员掌握基数词和序数词的用法；分数与小数及年、月、日、时刻的表示用法。
代词代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词等。
本章要求学员掌握多种代词的形式和用法，特别是人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词。
注意all ,every，each 的区别；any,some的区别；every-body,evreone,one的区别；no one,，none的区别；both，,two的比较；other，another的比较。
构词法词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及用法。
英语主要有四种构词法：前缀法、后缀法、转化与合成。
此外还有一些次要地构词法。
本单元要求熟记基本的构词法，具备辨别英语词类的能力。
掌握名词的复数、形容词、副词及动词各种形式的变化，并能通过具体的语言环境及词在句子中的地位和作用来实现它们的词类转化。
小学在五年级的时候主要讲现在进行时，就是be动词（am、is、are）+动词ing的用法在六年级的时候讲一般现在时，句子里出现often、alaways、usually等词的时候，且是第三人称单数时，动词加s或es还有将来时，具体是be going to do sth和will do sth还有过去式，规则动词的过去式在结尾加ed，不规则动词的过去式有的加ed 动词的时态（一）在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或情况要用不同的动词形式表示，这种形式叫做时态。
本单元要求学员掌握一般现在时（重点是单数第三人称he,she,it 用作主语时的动词词尾变化形式），现在进行时（be+V-ing),一般过去时（不规则动词的过去式是学习的难点），及现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)的构成和用法，特别是一般现在时与现在进行时之间的比较及一般过去时与现在完成时之间的比较。
动词的时态（二）本单元继续讲授动词的时态，要求学员重点掌握一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时及过去完成时等七种常用时态的构成和用法。
弄清一般将来时及将来完成时的区别；现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别；过去完成时的用法及其与过去完成进行时的区别。
被动语态英语语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和宾语之间的关系。
语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象。
本单元要求学员掌握七种时态形式的被动语态的结构及用法；掌握带短语动词及带情态动词的被动语态结构、含有复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构及被动语态与过去分词作表语之间的区别。
普通句式：①肯定句式：主句+be+过去分词+by…The classroom was cleaned by the class.教室被同学们打扫干净了。
②否定句式：主语+be+not+过去分词+by…The glass was not broken by Mark but by the wind.③一般疑问句句式：Be+主语+过去分词+by…？Is King Lear written by Shakespeare?《李尔王》是莎士比亚写的吗？④特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词（不做主语）+be+主语+过去分词+…？What is the sweater made of? 这种毛衣是用什么制成的？When was the football team set up? 这支足球队是什么时候成立的？情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气或情态。
它们与不带to 的动词不定式短语连用，表示可能、许可、能力、义务、推测等。
本单元要求学员重点掌握主要情态动词can,，may，might，,have to,，should,，ought to，,shall，,will,，dare，,need，,would 等的用法。
(高年级)非限定动词非限定动词又称非谓语动词，即在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。
非谓语动词有三种，即不定式、分词和动名词。
本单元要求学员掌握三种非谓语动词的基本形式和用法；掌握不定时的被动式；不带to 的不定式；三种非谓语动词的复合结构（即带逻辑主语的不定式、分词和动名词）的形式及用法；现在分词与过去分词的区别；动名词与不定式的比较；现在分词与不定式的比较等。
虚拟语气语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等。
虚拟语气可以用在非真实条件句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和定语从句中。
本单元要求学员掌握虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；掌握情态动词用于虚拟语气；了解含蓄条件句；掌握虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系等。
基本句型结构句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
只存在一个主谓关系的句子叫简单句，即一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。
当我们需要把几个意思连在一起时，可用标点符号或等立连词或连接副词把几个简单句连接成一个并列句，它们之间的关系是同等的。
当一个句子由一个主句和一个从句构成时，这就是复合句。
复合句的主语往往可以独立存在，从句则只作一个句子成分。
本单元重点掌握疑问句，弄清楚各种疑问句的结构及用法，能正确完成附加疑问句部分，能回答各种疑问句。
掌握简单句、并列句及复合句的句型结构；学会简单句与并列句、简单句与复合句、并列句与复合句的转换；学会将直接引语变为间接引语；掌握名词从句的用法。
定语从句定语从句在句中作定语用，修饰句中的某些名词或代词。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，先行词一般为人、物或事件。
定语从句一般皆放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词或关系副词。
关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
本章要求掌握重点是定语从句的用法，及正确使用定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。
状语从句状语从句是担任状语成分的从属句，一般由从属连接词和一些能表示从属关系的词和结构来连接。
状语从句根据其用途分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步、方式状语从句等。
本单元重点掌握状语从句的用途，掌握正确使用引导状语从句的从属连词，注意状语从句的时态变化。
It 引导结构It 既是代词又是引词。
作代词时，它可作人称代词、指示代词、非人称代词，用于前指、非确指或习语中。
作引词时，它本身无实义，只起先行引导的作用。
可作形式主语或形式宾语，真实的主语或宾语是不定式、动名词或名词从句，它们则放在后面。
It 也用于强调句结构。
如想强调某个词或部分，可用it is (was)+强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+that(wh o)…的强调结构。
本章要求了解代词it 和引词it 的各种用法，重点掌握it 用于前指或后指；引词it 用于强调结构。
词序、倒装、省略英语有五种基本结构，主语+谓语、主语+联系动词+表语、主语+谓语+宾语、主语+ 谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语、主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。
其它各种句子皆由此五种句型转换、缩略或扩展而成。
倒装是相对于句子的正常语序而言的，将句子的其它成分提至主语之前。
如果在主语之前是整个谓语部分，就称为全倒装；如只是谓语的一部分，如系动词、助动词、情态动词等，或是句中任一强调部分，就是部分倒装。
为了避免重复，英语句子有时一个或更多的成分会被省略，这样的句子就称为省略句。
省略部分常是主语、谓语或谓语部分、宾语、主语和谓语、不定式、冠词等。
本单元要求了解句子的正常顺序，掌握省略与倒装的正确使用及它们的结构、词序与方法。
初一英语下学期（Unit4—Unit6）期末复习（一）——词组53. sleep with the eyes open 睁着眼睛睡觉with是介词54. walk on tiptoe 用脚趾尖走路55. love to do sth. 喜爱做某事56. as usual 和往常一样，照例57. turn around 回转/转过身来turn down 关小，调低turn up开大，调大58. on one’s way（to）在某人去某地的路上59. run into 偶然遇到/碰见，撞上eg. I ran into my teacher when I was in the supermarket. 60. tell sb. more 告诉某人更多tell sb. more about sth. 告诉某人更多的关于……about是介词tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事61. say to oneself 自言自语think to oneself 自我寻思62. make a sound like a whisper 发出一个像耳语的声音63. later that day 那天以后64. the following Sunday 接下来的星期日65. have a great time 玩得快乐相当于have a good time/ have great funenjoy oneself doing sth.sth.66. be crazy about doing sth 热衷于……，为……而着迷动名词67. bark at……对……狂叫68. all of them 他们所有的人69. a hard-working student 一个勤奋的学生70. wake…up 把……叫醒71. enough poison 足够的毒物enough修饰名词时放在名词前eg. Enough time/money 足够的时间/金钱enough修饰形容词或副词时放在形容词或副词的后面。
