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Every Christmas should begin with the sound of bells, and when I was a child mine always did. But they were sleigh bells, not church bells, for we lived in a part of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where there were no churches. My bells were on my father’s team of hor ses as he drove up to our horse-headed hitching post with the bobsled that would3 take us to celebrate Christmas on the family farm ten miles out in the country. My father would bring the team down Fifth Avenue at a smart trot, flicking his whip over the h orses’ rumps and making the bells double their light, thin jangling over the snow, whose radiance threw back a brilliance like the sound of bells.每一个圣诞节都是由铃铛声拉开序幕的，我童年记忆中的圣诞节总是如此。
但那不是教堂里的铃铛，而是雪橇上的铃铛，因为我们家居住在爱荷华州的细达河洛佩兹的一个地区，那个地区没有教堂。
我的铃铛在我父亲拉雪橇的马队里。
我家有一个马头形的拴马桩，父亲会把马儿们赶到拴马桩那儿把大雪橇套在马身上，带着我们到10英里以外的乡下农场去庆祝圣诞节。
大学英语精读（第三版）第五册：unit3AYourKeytoaBetterLife（...Do you want a better life? According to the author of the following article, the solution is easy. Simply change the way you look at yourself --- and you will change the way you live. Improving your self-image is your key to living a better life.你想生活变得更美好吗？据下面这篇文章的作者所述，解决这个问题的办法很简单。
你只要改变看待自己的方式--你就会改变你生活的方式。
改善你的自我意象便是过上更加美好生活的关键。
Your Key to a Better Life生活更美好的关键Maxwell Maltz马克斯韦尔·马尔兹The most important psychological of this century is the discovery of the 'self-image.' Whether we realize it or not, each of us carries about with us a mental blueprint or picture of ourselves. It may be vague and ill-defined to our conscious gaze. In fact, it may not be consciously recognizable at all. But it is there, complete down to the last detail. This self-image is our own conception of the 'sort of person I am.' It has been built up from our own beliefs about ourselves. But most of these beliefs about ourselves have unconsciouslybeen formed our past experiences, our successes and failures, our humiliations, our triumphs, and the way other people have reacted to us, especially in early childhood. From all these we mentally construct a 'self,' (or a picture of a self). Once an idea or a belief about ourselves goes into this picture it becomes 'true', as far as we personally are concerned. We do not question its validity, but proceed to act upon it just as if it were true.本世纪最重要的心理学发现就是“自我意象”。
Lesson 11. A white lie is better than a black lie.一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。
1.To upset this homicide, ---Olympian manhood为了挫败这种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。
2.with a spirit straining ---- self-abnegation黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。
3.Striped of the right---- of this white power structure 被剥夺了决定自己生活和命运的权力，他只能听任这个白人权力结构所作出的决定的摆布。
这些决定是专断的，有时甚至是反复无常的。
4.what is needed is a realization---- sentimental and anemic: 必须懂得的是没有爱的权力是毫无节制，易被滥用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感，苍白无力的。
5.It is precisely this collision --- of our times正是这种邪恶的权力与毫无权力的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。
6.Now early in this century---and responsibility.在本世纪初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。
7.Now we realize ---- against their will : 我们现在懂得，我们经济地的市场运作混乱，歧视盛行，迫使人们无事可作并违背他们的意愿，使他们长期失业或不断失业。
8.New forms of work--- are not available: 有必要创造对社会有好处的新的工作形式，提供给那些找不到传统工作的人。
9.It is not the work---necessity. animal necessity: Something necessary 必需品,The necessities of life include food, clothing, and shelter.生活必需品，包括食物，衣服，住处10.It is the work of men--- where want is abolished: 这是这样一类人的工作，他们通过某种方式找到了一种工作模式，这种模式出于自身需要，带来安全保障，并创造了一种废除了匮乏的社会形态。
篇一：现代大学英语精读5 课文翻译 1-11课现代大学英语译文及练习答案一、Where_do_we_go_from_here我们向何处去？马丁.路德.金1．为了答复“我们向何处去〞这一问题，我们现在必须明确我们的现状。
当初拟定宪法时，一个不可思议的公式规定黑人在纳税和选举权方面只是一个完整人的60%。
如今又一个匪夷所思的公式似乎规定黑人只盂交纳一个人应交税的50%，只享受一个人应享受的选举权利的50%。
对于生活中的好事，黑人大约只享有白人所享受的一半；而生活中的不愉快，黑人却要承受白人所面对的两倍。
因此，所有黑人中有一半人住着低标准的住房。
并且黑人的收入只是白人的一半。
每当审视生活中的负面经历时，黑人总是占双倍的份额。
黑人无业者是白人的两倍。
黑人婴儿的死亡率是白人的两倍，从黑人所占的总人口比率上看，在越南死亡的黑人是白人的两倍。
2．其他领域也有同样惊人的数字。
在小学，黑人比白人落后一至三年，并且他们的被白人隔离的学校的学生人均所得到的补贴比白人的学校少得多。
20个上大学的学生中，只有一个是黑人。
在职的黑人中75%的人从事低收入、单凋乏味的非技术性工作。
3．这就是我们的现状。
我们的出路在哪里首先，我们必须维护自己的尊严和价值。
我们必须与仍压迫我们的制度抗争，从而树立崇高的不可诋毁的价值观。
我们再不能因为是自已黑人而感到羞耻。
几百年来灌输黑人是卑微的、无足轻重的，因此要唤起他们做人的尊严绝非易事。
4．甚至语义学似乎也合谋把黑色的说成足丑陋的、卑劣的。
罗杰特分类词典中与黑色相关的词有120个，其中至少60个微词匿影藏形，例如。
污渍、煤烟、狰狞的、魔鬼和恶臭的。
而与白色相关的词约有134个，它们却毫无例外都褒嘉洋溢，诸如纯洁、洁净、贞洁和纯真此类词等。
白色的(善意的)谎话总比黑色的(恶意的)谎话要好。
家中最为人所不齿的人是“黑羊〞，即败家子。
奥西．戴维斯曾建议或许应重造英语语言，从而教师将不再迫不得已因教黑人孩子60种方式蔑视自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的自卑感，因教白人孩子134种方式宠爱自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的优越感。
第一课大学时代鲍勃K哈特曼1.你可曾考虑过作为一个大学生你生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化？你可曾想到过大学时代教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长和发展制定了目标？你可曾注意过你在从青少年渐渐成人的过程中会发生某些变化？尽管大学生很少想这些，但是在大学生时代很可能会发生一些主要的变化。
2.在这段时期，学生们正经受自我认同危机，他们努力要了解自己的身份，掌握自身的优缺点。
当然，优缺点他们兼而有之，且两者都为数不少。
重要的是人们如何看待自己，其他人又如何看待他们。
皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在《国际社会百科全书》中有关理论，根据他们的观点，性格特征是由先天基因（即父母的遗传物质）所决定，由外部环境而形成，并受偶然事件的影响的。
人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们的环境。
人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的部分表现。
3.学生们经历自我认同危机的时候，他们也开始渐渐独立，但是可能仍然非常依赖父母。
这种介于独立与依赖之间的冲突常常发生在青少年末期。
事实上，这种冲突很可能因为他们选择继续接受大学教育而愈发激烈。
高中一毕业，一些学生便会立即走入社会开始工作。
这种选择的结果就是他们可能他们在经济上获得独立。
但是大学生已经选择了用几年的时间继续掌握新知并且发展自我，因此他们在一定程度上还要依赖父母。
4.1984年4月杰利弗K A K霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了《即将成人的青年与父母的心理距离》，文章中他提及了人与父母产生心理距离的四个不同方面。
第一，独立处理日常生活的能力，它包括个人独立处理实际事物和自身事务的能力，如理财的能力、选购服装的能力和决定每天工作日程的能力。
第二，态度独立，即个人学会正确看待和接受自己与父母的态度、价值和信仰上的差异。
第三个心理分离过程是情感独立，霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱父母的认可、亲近、陪伴和情感支持的过分依赖”。
例如，大学生们会随自己所愿自由选择专业，而且并不认为必须征得父母的认同。
课后翻译Lesson 21.Instead of getting big fat curls，I emerged with an uneven mass ofcrinkly black fuzz.我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花，而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛.2.She checked to see if that might be one way to pronounce “Helsinki”before showing me the answer.在她告诉我答案前, 她对了对手中的杂志，看看赫尔辛基是否能这样发音。
3.She seemed entranced by the music, a frenzied little piano piece witha mesmerizing quality, sort of quick passages and then teasing liltingones before it returned to the quick playful parts.她似乎被这音乐吸引住了。
这钢琴曲不长, 但有点狂乱，有着迷人的特点,乐曲一开始时快节奏的，接着是欢快跳动的节拍,然后又回到嬉戏的部分。
4.If she had as much talent as she had temper, she would be famousnow。
如果她的才气和她的脾气一样大，她早就出名了。
5.The part I liked to practice best was the fancy curtsy：right foot out，touch the rose on the carpet with a pointed foot，sweep to the side，bend left leg，look up, and smile.我最喜欢练习的部分是花哨的谢幕行礼的动作：先出右脚，脚尖点在地毯的玫瑰图案上，身子侧摆，左腿弯曲，抬头，微笑。
《现代大学英语精读5》课后句子解释Lesson1-5Explain the following in your own words, bringing out any impliedmeaningsLesson 1: Where Do We Go from Here?1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taughtfor so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any ot3her people.2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the mostpowerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depthsof his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is aMan/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, andjustice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5.At that time economic status was considered the measure of theindividual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was). 6.…t he absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habitsand moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working andlacked a sense of right and wrong.7.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, bythe taskmaster, or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed. 8.…when the unjust meas urement of human worth on the scale ofdollars is eliminated.…when the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has its done away with.9.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the keythat unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality.Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10.L et us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high bloodpressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination.Lesson 2:Two Kinds1. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me the best.2. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedienceand rebellion.3. The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was Shirley Temple—like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last. When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so T felt scared. But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5. And T could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill over.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self—control would collapse, and I wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6. The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery.Lesson 3: Goods Move. People Move. Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.1.Yet globalization… “is a reality, not a choice”.Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it isalready a matter of life which you will encounter and have torespond to every day.2.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about fo reign “cultural assault”.3.…where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled forthe upper hand……in China, the two trends of closed—door and open—door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while wewill have showers that work.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5.Westernization… is a phenomenon shot with inconsistencies andpopulated by very strange bedfellows.…westernization is a concept full of self—contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you do not need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.7.He… was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living in different time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.8.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising＄100,000.The Gucci store did not expect that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.9.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass toguide me through the wilds of global culture.From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena.10.T he penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Lesson 4: Professions for Women1.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses,are not needed by a writer.If you want to be musician or painter, you must own a piano or hiremodels, and you have to visit or even live in culture centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don’t need all this.2.She would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing.3.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of herhalo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her.Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power.4.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in thesesrespects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.It was a sensible thing for men to given themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely sever condemnation of such freedom in women.5.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sitdown to write a book without finding a phantom to be slain, a rock tobe dasher against.It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body and passions.6.Even when the path is nominally open—when there is nothing toprevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant—there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe looming in her way.Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman’s progress.7.You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusivelyowned by men.(Through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort,) you have gained a position or certain freedom in a society that has been up to now dominate by men.Lesson 5: Love Is a Fallacy1. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.I believe following passing crazes shows a complete lack of sound judgment.2. One afternoon, ---- appendicitis.One afternoon, when I went back to my dorm, Petey was lying on his bed. He wore such a depressed look that I came to the conclusion at once that he was suffering from appendicitis.3. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is as precise as a chemist’s scales, began to work at high speed.4. She was a girl who excited the emotions. But I was not one to let my heart rule my head.She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I would not let feelings and emotions get the upper hand of reason or good sense.5. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.She was not yet fully developed like pin-up girls but I felt sure that, given time, she would fill up and become just as glamorous.6. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction. This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.7. If you were out of the picture, the field would be open.If you were no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) others would be free to compete for her friendship.8. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.His head turned hack and forth (looking at the coat then looking away fro m the coat). Every time he looked, his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away Polly became weaker.9. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.To teach her to think appeared to be a very big task, and at first I even tho ught of giving her back to Petey.10. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear.。
商品流通、人员流动、观念转变、文化变迁兹温格尔·埃拉tectonica cultures, of reformation worldwide a of throes the in are we Today 1. and habits of shift "globscientists, social of vocabulary curious the in called, dreams hbusiness, politics, in changes of assortment wild a for term inexact an alization."It's entertainment. ealth, old-establiAll market. world the established has industry "Modern consumed,are products whose industries new by dislodged are industries national shed home, at only not fwe wants old the of place In globe. the of quarter every in but distant of products the satisfaction their for requiring wants, new ind climes.and lands ManifCommunist The in ago years 150 this wrote Engels Friedrich and Marx Karl " fact ordinary an describes now statement Their esto. life. of 用社会,一种习俗与追求的结构性变化今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化巨变的阵痛，。
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看不懂之处，敬请谅解！学习愉快！Lesson 1A. 词义的理解与语义转换1) We must honestly recognize where we are now. (1.2)正视2) When we view the negative experiences of life, the Negro has a double share.(1.8)不如意之事坎坷经历若论人生坎坷，黑人可谓倍加艰辛。
3) We must massively assert our dignity and worth. (3.1)Impressively？让世人知道4)We must stand up amidst a system that still oppresses us and develop anunassailable and majestic sense of values. (3.2)Develop a habit drop a habitDevelop a sense 意识Translation skill词性转换B. 词汇扩展1）A white lie is better than a black lie. (4.5)I had a white night, thinking of you.white elephantallusion 典故Trademark白象白马王子？white horse ？Mr. RightPrince charmingwhite meatfish/birdred meat 红肉2) The most degenerate member of a family is a black sheep. (4.6)blacklistblack market黑马dark horseScapegoat＝替罪羊＝WhipboyAllusion3) …teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child sixty ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority （4.7）inferiority complexsuperiority complex恋父情结Electra complex恋母情结Oedipus complexc. 搭配collocation1. the Negro is in dire need of this kind of legitimate power (6.2)紧急，极端dire warning/prediction/forecast(a warning about something terrible that will happen in the future)Last night there were dire warnings of civil war.2. …the preserving of the status quo (6.11)maintain / preserve / defend the status quo3. And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and power have usually been contrasted as opposites -- polar opposites- (7.5)（？)polar extremed．句子理解1）The job of arousing manhood within a people （that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody）is not easy. （3.4）2）Power is the ability// of a labor union like the UAW to make the most powerful corporation in the world, General Motors, say 'Yes' when it wants to say 'No.' That's power. （line three from the bottom, Paragraph 6）3) What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic. (8.6)Anemic：weak；贫血的=AnaemicAnaemia 贫血4)Now, early in this century this proposal would have been greeted withridicule and denunciation,（considered）as destructive of initiative andresponsibility. (10.2)5)The fact is that the work （which improves the condition of mankind,the work which extends knowledg e and increases power and enrichesliterature and elevates thought,）is not done to secure a living(12.1) She didn‘tmarry himfor he was richThe work is not 不是这样的done to secure a living ＝被做以谋生不是为了谋生而做e．修辞（Rhetoric）figure of speech1. Antithesis （A figure of speech in which sharply contrasting ideas are juxtaposed in a balanced or parallel phrase or grammatical structure）1) As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (5.5)2) …love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.(7.5)2．Metaphor simile (like, as)1) Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. (5.6)Self-esteem 自信2) The negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation. (5.9)3．Personal conflicts among husbands, wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on t he scale of dollars is eliminated. （14.4）3. parallel1)The tendency to ignore the Negro's contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood is as old as the earliest history books and as contemporary as the morning's newspaper. (5.1)StripperExotic dancing2) Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love. （8.6）4. Alliteration1）Now a lot of us are preachers, and all of us have our moral believes and concerns, and so often have problems with power. (7.1)Xiamen is a city full of vigor and vitality2） It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times. (9.2)f. 熟词偏义1. And, in the thinking of that day, the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.(10.5)Want =lackHe knows no want in his life.他什么都不缺Lesson3Text AnalysisA. 词义理解与翻译1. Today we are in the throes of a world wide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, ―globalization‖. (1.1)a) in the throes of ?b) reformation ?c) tectonic shift?d) curious vocabulary?今天我们正经历世界范围文化嬗变的阵痛，习俗和追求都在发生剧变，这用社会学家新奇的话来说就是，“全球化”。
商品流通、人员流动、观念转变、文化变迁埃拉·兹温格尔1. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, "glob alization."It's an inexact term for a wild assortment of changes in politics, business, h ealth, entertainment. "Modern industry has established the world market. All old-establi shed national industries are dislodged by new industries whose products are consumed, not only at home, but in every quarter of the globe. In place of the old wants we f ind new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the products of distant lands and climes. " Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote this 150 years ago in The Communist Manif esto. Their statement now describes an ordinary fact of life.今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化巨变的阵痛，一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。
对于政治、商贸、保健及娱乐领域的巨大变化，这个词并不贴切。
“现代工业已建立了世界市场。
已建立的所有旧的国民工业被其产品不仅在国内而且在世界各地范围内销售的新兴工业所取代。
人们用新的需求取代原有的需求，用外地的产品满足自己的需求。
”卡尔.马克思和弗雷德里希·恩格斯早在150年前就在《共产党宣言》中写下了这些。
他们那时的陈述描绘了现在生活中的普遍事实。
2. How people feel about this depends a great deal on where they live and ho w much money they have. Yet globalization, as one report stated, "is a reality, not a choice." Humans have been weaving commercial and cultural connections since before the first camel caravan ventured afield. In the 19th century the postal service, newsp apers, transcontinental railroads, and great steam-powered ships wrought fundamental c hanges. Telegraph, telephone, radio, and television tied tighter and more intricate knots between individuals and the wider world. Now computers, the Internet, cellular phone s, cable TV, and cheaper jet transportation have accelerated and complicated these con nections.对此人们有何感受很大程度上取决于他们的生活所在地和所拥有的金钱数。
然而，正如某篇报道所述，全球化“是一种事实，而不是一种选择”。
早在第一批骆驼商队冒险出外经商前至今，人们一直在编织着商贸和文化相互间的交往。
在19世纪，邮政服务、报纸、横跨大陆的铁路及巨大的蒸汽轮船带来了根本变化。
电报、电话、收音机和电视把个人和外部世界更紧密地连在一起，这种联系更为复杂、不那么直接也不易察觉。
现在，计算机、互联网、移动电话、有线电视和相对便宜的喷气式飞机空运加速了这种联系并使这种联系更加复杂。
3.Still, the basic dynamic remains the same: Goods move. People move. Ideas m ove. And cultures change. The difference now is the speed and scope of these change s. It took television 13 years to acquire 50 million users; the Internet took only five.然而，产生这种变化的动力是一致的：商品流通、人员流动、观念转变、文化变迁。
不同的是这些变化的速度和范围。
电视机拥有5,000万用户用了13年时间，互联网只用了5年时间。
4. Not everyone is happy about this. Some Western social scientists and anthropo logists, and not a few foreign politicians, believe that a sort of cultural cloning will r esult from what they regard as the "cultural assault" of McDonald's, Coca-Cola, Disne y, Nike, MTV, and the English language itself—more than a fifth of all the people inthe world now speak English to some degree. Whatever their backgrounds or agenda s, these critics are convinced that Western—often equated with American—influences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as one observer terms it, one big "McWo rld.对这种变化并不是人人满意。
一些西方社会学家、人类学家和为数不少的外国政治家认为文化．克隆是他们所认为的麦当劳、可口可乐、迪斯尼、耐克和MTV“文化轰炸”的结果，也是英语语言本身的结果，因为现在全球多于五分之一人口都或多或少地讲英语。
不管他们的背景和纲领如何, 这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响…往往等同于美国的影响...会把文化上的差异—一压平。
就像一位观察家所说的，最终产生一个麦当劳世界，一个充斥美国货和体现美国价值观的世界。
5.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties. In China, where xenopho bia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand, a recent book cal led China can say no became the best-seller by attacking what it considers the Chines e willingness to believe blindly in foreign things, advising Chinese travelers to not fly on a Boeing 777 and suggesting that Hollywood be burned,反映公众情绪(或得到公众支持)的派别不断滋生以便利用持此观点的国民的焦虑和不安。
在闭关锁国和发展经济两种政策并存并争取其主控地位的中国，《中国可以说不》这本新书成为畅销书，这本书对中国人的盲目崇洋媚外心理进行了，批驳，建议中国游客不要乘坐波音777飞机，还建议烧掉进口的好莱坞大片。
6.There are many Westerners among the denouncers of Western cultural influence s, but James Watson, a Harvard anthropologist, isn't one of them. "The lives of Chine se villagers I know are infinitely better nowthan they were 30 years ago," he says. " China has become more open partly because of the demands of ordinary people. They want to become part of the world—I would say globalism is the major force for de mocracy in China. People want refrigerators, stereos, CD players. I feel it's a moral o bligation not to say: ?Those people out there should continue to live in a museum w hile we will have showers that work.'"对西方文化影响持斥责态度的人中有许多西方人．而哈佛人类学家詹姆斯·沃森并不是其中一员。
