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英语口译（二级）精讲班第1讲讲义001 二级口译实务考试介绍Lecture 11、二级口译实务考试介绍英语口译二级考试分《口译综合能力》和《口译实务》测试两部分，旨在检测应试者的口译实践能力是否达到专业译员水平。
合格的应试者应能熟练运用口译技巧，完整准确地译出原话内容，无错译漏译。
英语口译实务（二级）考试含“英汉交替传译”和“汉英交替传译”。
题量各占50%，含总量约1000单词的英语讲话两篇和总量约1000汉字的汉语讲话两篇，时间约60分钟。
考试内容涉及政治、经济、文化、外交、旅游、信息科技、经融贸易、环境保护、卫生健康等，跟翻译专业所要求掌握的知识和技能相一致，要求应试者知识结构分布合理，专业技能达到一定的水平。
英语口译实务考试一律采取现场录音的方式，考试结果记录在磁带上。
考试的评分标准非常细化，一个考生的磁带要有两个以上的人去听，并且听出来的结果基本一致，最后再由专家组根据考生录音核定成绩。
应该说英语口译实务（二级）考试具有一定的挑战性，要求应试者过语言关、知识关和技术关，同时还要有稳定的心理因素。
按照翻译专业人员的四个等级来划分，即：助理翻译、翻译、副译审和译审，二级就是翻译级，也就是我们所说的中级职称。
因此，二级口译试题的定位基本上是针对大学外语专业比较优秀的毕业生，经过几年的翻译实践应能达到的水平。
二级口译考试模块的设计也是基于这一理念，即要求应试者具备比较全面的知识结构和良好的双语互译能力。
具体说来，应试者应具备良好的语言知识（Linguistic Knowledge）、语言外的知识（Extra-Linguistic Knowledge）以及分析能力（Analysis）。
同时应试者还应具备敏锐的听力、良好的短时记忆、行之有效的笔记、以及准确灵活的双语表达等口译所必须的基本能力。
2、口译学习讲解技巧和语言基本功相结合。
课程讲解同时关注这两点。
3、口译技巧介绍口译技巧( Interpretation Techniques) 根据口译步骤（信息接收—信息储存—信息处理—信息输出）为基础，总结出以下技巧：(2)思维理解1—逻辑分析；(3)思维理解2—信息视觉；(4)思维理解3 —将认知信息纳入理解轨道(5)记忆机制1—瞬时记忆、短时记忆、长时记忆；(6)记忆机制2－记忆训练方法；(7)笔记方法1—记什么?(8)笔记方法2—怎么记?(9)数字口译1—单纯数字口译(10)数字口译2—数字与信息相结合(11)习语的口译；(12)模糊信息处理技巧；(13) 口译中的文化差异；(14) 口译中的句法转换；(15) 语境因素处理技巧；(16) 临场应变技巧。
考研英语二翻译课件Passage 11生词Investment投资Investor投资者Be incapable of doing sth 不能够做某事、无法做某事Currency 货币Slow 下滑---rise增长Weight 高点the Federal Reserve 美联储jointly intervene to do sth 联手干预某事prop up支持the European currency= the euro欧元looking sickly 显得疲软theories 说法the European Central Bank= the ECB欧洲中央银行the euro-area economies欧元区经济are immune to sth对..免疫fighting inflation克服通货膨胀supporting growth支持经济增长plausible explanation合理的解释in and uncertain global economic climate在全球经济不稳定的情况下has resumed its traditional role as a safe-heaven currency重新获得了安全货币的传统角色reckon that认为is undervalued被低估a rebound 反弹optimistic乐观的predicting a rate预测汇率二、长难句解析1. International investors seem incapable of ending their love affair with the dollar.国际投资者们似乎无法舍弃他们对美元的偏爱。
2.America’s economy has slowed sharply this year, yet its currencyhas risen to a 15-year high in trade-weighted terms.本年度，美国的经济已急剧下滑，然而，美元却增长到了15年来的高点。
Although not so world widely accepted, people who are emotionally weak in daily business are often losers who are not able to fulfill any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure.Science developed as an autonomous method of intellectual inquiry that successfully disengaged itself from the social constrains of organized religion and from the political constrains of the centralized modern authority.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.Private businessmen. striving to make profits, produce these goods andservices in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Under a system deployed on the white house website for the first time at last time, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now navigate as many as nine web pages and fill out a detailed form that starts by asking whether the sender of the message supports the white house policy or differs with it.These comments, whether accepted, clarified the norms and requirements of the covenant which was already in power in practice and enabled the committee to make a significant contribution to the justice promotion in a particular right or issue, while other article has failed to function as has been expected in those meetings which was held with great hope.The American economic system is organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind and it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.In short，a leader of the new school contends，the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with across-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a societyWhorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a societyI shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。
Passage7生词boundary界限reasoning ability推理能力superior有优势的，超过的first-class mind一流的头脑straight-forward reasoning直接简单的推理doesn’t always work是行不通的productive thoughts富有成效的思想the rules of logic逻辑规律a wealth of experience and background information丰富的经验和背景知识generalize and interpret概括、解释genius天才lay foundation for a creative mind给一个有创造性的头脑打下基础plus并且，加上，还要长难句解析1.doesn’t always work Where is the boundary between human mindand machine?人的头脑和机器之间的界限究竟在哪里呢？2.If the test were reasoning ability, the computer would be oursuperior.要是把推理能力作为检验标准的话，计算机是胜过我们的。
3.But logic alone doesn’t make a first-class mind.但是只凭逻辑还不能成为一流的头脑。
4.In our complicated world straight-forward reasoning doesn’talways work.在我们这个复杂的世界里，直接简单的推理往往是行不通的。
5.As is known to all, productive thoughts requires not just the rulesof logic but a wealth of experience and background information, plus the ability to generalize and interpret new experiences using that information.众所周知，富有成效的思想不仅要求有逻辑规律，还要求有丰富的经验和背景知识，并有利用这些知识来概括、解释新的经验的能力。
