科技文章的翻译
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科技英文作文70字带提纲"英文,"As a tech enthusiast, I believe that technology has greatly impacted our lives in both positive and negative ways. On the one hand, it has made communication more convenient and efficient. For example, social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram allow me to easily stay connected with friends and family, no matter wherethey are in the world. On the other hand, technology hasalso led to issues such as cyberbullying and privacy concerns. For instance, I have personally experienced cyberbullying on a social media platform, which made me realize the dark side of technology."中文,"作为一个科技爱好者,我相信科技在积极和消极方面对我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
一方面,它使沟通更加便利和高效。
例如,像Facebook和Instagram这样的社交媒体平台让我能够轻松地与朋友和家人保持联系,无论他们身在世界的哪个角落。
另一方面,科技也带来了诸如网络欺凌和隐私问题等挑战。
例如,我曾在社交媒体平台上亲身经历过网络欺凌,这让我意识到了科技的阴暗面。
Sensing Human Activity:GPS Tracking感应人类活动:GPS跟踪Stefan van der Spek1,*,Jeroen van Schaick1,Peter de Bois1,2and Remco de Haan1Abstract:The enhancement of GPS technology enables the use of GPS devices not only as navigation and orientation tools,but also as instruments used to capture travelled routes:assensors that measure activity on a city scale or the regional scale.TU Delft developed aprocess and database architecture for collecting data on pedestrian movement in threeEuropean city centres,Norwich,Rouen and Koblenz,and in another experiment forcollecting activity data of13families in Almere(The Netherlands)for one week.Thequestion posed in this paper is:what is the value of GPS as‘sensor technology’measuringactivities of people?The conclusion is that GPS offers a widely useable instrument tocollect invaluable spatial-temporal data on different scales and in different settings addingnew layers of knowledge to urban studies,but the use of GPS-technology and deploymentof GPS-devices still offers significant challenges for future research.摘要:增强GPS技术支持使用GPS设备不仅作为导航和定位工具,但也为仪器用来捕捉旅行路线:作为传感器,测量活动在一个城市或区域范围内规模。
Unit1 text A福岛的燕子我们对低剂量辐射对生物体和生态系统的影响知之甚少。
福岛核灾难四年后,科学家们开始得到一些答案。
By Steven Featherstone 直到1986年4月26日切洛贝利核电站的一个反应堆发生爆炸,在整个北半球扩散了相当于400枚广岛核弹的辐射尘,对于辐射对植被和野生动物的影响科学家几乎一无所知。
这场灾难创造了一个活生生的实验室,特别是在爆炸地点周围1100平方英里的地方,被称为禁区。
1994年,德克萨斯理工大学生物学教授罗纳德·切斯尔(Ronald Chesser)和罗伯特·贝克(Robert Baker)都是首批获准进入该区域的美国科学家。
我们抓到了一群田鼠,它们看起来像杂草一样健康。
贝克回忆说:“我们开始对它着迷。
当贝克和切斯对田鼠的DNA进行测序时,他们没有发现异常突变率。
他们还注意到,狼、猞猁和其他曾经稀有的物种在该区域游荡,仿佛它是一个原子野生动物保护区。
切洛贝利论坛由联合国一些机构于2003年成立,发表了一份关于切洛贝利利灾难20周年的报告,证实了这一观点,声称“环境改变对该地区的生物群产生了积极影响”,将其转变为“一个独特的生物多样性保护区”。
在Baker和Chesser对该地区进行田鼠研究的五年后,Timothy A.Mousseau 前往切洛贝利对鸟类进行了计数,发现了相互矛盾的证据。
南卡罗来纳大学生物学教授穆索和他的合作者现任巴黎南部大学生态,系统学与进化实验室的研究主任-- Anders Pape Moller,特别的研究了常见的乡村谷仓燕(Hirundo Rustica)。
他们发现该地区的燕子少得多,幸存下来的燕子寿命较短,生育力降低(男性),大脑较小,肿瘤,部分白化病(一种基因突变)和白内障发生率较高。
Mousseau 和Moller在过去13年发表的60多篇论文中表明,暴露于低水平辐射对该区域的整个生物圈(从微生物到哺乳动物,从虫子到鸟类)都有负面影响。
Unit 1Artificial intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines,especially intelligent computer programs.人工智能是制造智能机器的科学与工程,特别是智能化的计算机程序。
It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence,but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable.这与使用计算机来理解人类智能的类似任务有关,但是人工智能不需要把它局限在生物可观察的方法上。
In this unit,the two passages present a general picture of AI research .在这个单元,两个章节提出了人工智能研究的概况。
Text A briefly introduces the definition of AI,some kinds of architectures of AI system,essential capabilities to AI programs and so on.文章A简要介绍了人工智能的定义,人工智能的系统的几种体系结构、基本功能以及程序等等。
Text B explains a particular area of AI research--natural language processing including its definition and a legendary Turing’s Test.文章A解释特定地区研究人工智能的自然语言处理包括定义和传说中的图灵测试。
科技的利弊英语作文带翻译科技的利弊英语作文带翻译在平平淡淡的学习、工作、生活中,许多人都有过写作文的经历,对作文都不陌生吧,借助作文可以提高我们的语言组织能力。
那么你有了解过作文吗?以下是店铺整理的科技的利弊英语作文带翻译,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
科技的利弊英语作文带翻译篇1科技是把双刃剑Improvement in science and technology is a double-edged sword, offering comfort and convenience to life, while simultaneously bringing harm and pain to people.When the development of science and technology brings mankind plenty of profits, it also brings us severely negative effects.积极影响:positive effects高科技对人类社会发展的积极影响1、促进了社会生产力的迅速发展。
New scientific discovery and technical revolution are changing the social mode of production, promoting the development of the social productivity2、提高了人们的物质和精神文化生活水平。
With the rapid development of science and technology,people's material and spiritual life have been greatly improved现代科技成果广泛应用,使人们的'闲暇生活变得丰富多彩,例如上网游戏,听音乐,看电影等。
科技作文简单英文英文,。
Technology has become an integral part of our lives, and it has significantly impacted the way we live, work and communicate. In my opinion, technology has both positive and negative effects on our lives.On the one hand, technology has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, we can now communicate with people from all over the world instantly through social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter. We can also shop online and have our purchases delivered to our doorstep, saving us time and effort. In addition, technology has revolutionized the way we work, allowing us to work remotely and collaborate with colleagues from different parts of the world.On the other hand, technology has also had some negative effects on our lives. For instance, the overuse oftechnology can lead to addiction and social isolation. People may spend too much time on their phones or computers, neglecting their relationships with family and friends. Moreover, technology has also led to job displacement, as many jobs are now automated, leaving many people unemployed.中文:科技已成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分,它对我们的生活、工作和交流方式都有着重要的影响。
科技带来的变化英文作文Title: The Transformative Impact of Technology。
In the fast-paced world of today, technology has become an integral part of our lives, influencing almost every aspect of human existence. From communication to transportation, healthcare to entertainment, technology has brought about significant changes that have revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact with one another.One of the most noticeable changes brought about by technology is the way we communicate. The advent of the internet, social media platforms, and instant messaging services has made communication faster, easier, and more convenient than ever before. People can now connect with friends, family, and colleagues across the globe in a matter of seconds, breaking down barriers of distance and time. Additionally, the rise of smartphones has enabled us to carry the power of communication in our pockets, allowing us to stay connected on the go.Furthermore, technology has revolutionized the way we work and conduct business. The proliferation of computers, software applications, and automation tools has streamlined processes, increased efficiency, and opened up new avenues for collaboration. Remote work has become increasingly common, allowing employees to work from anywhere with an internet connection. This shift has not only improved work-life balance but also reduced the need for physical office spaces, leading to cost savings for businesses.In the field of healthcare, technology has played a crucial role in improving patient care and outcomes. Advanced medical devices, such as MRI machines, robotic surgery systems, and wearable health trackers, have enabled healthcare professionals to diagnose diseases more accurately and treat patients more effectively. Telemedicine services have also emerged, allowing patients to consult with doctors remotely, particularly useful in areas with limited access to healthcare facilities.Moreover, technology has transformed the way we accessand consume information and entertainment. The rise of streaming services, online gaming platforms, and digital publishing has made content more accessible than ever before. With just a few clicks, we can watch movies, listen to music, play games, and read books from the comfort of our own homes. This has democratized entertainment, allowing people from all walks of life to enjoy high-quality content at affordable prices.In addition to its societal impacts, technology has also brought about significant changes in the global economy. The rise of e-commerce platforms, such as Amazon and Alibaba, has transformed the way we shop, leading to the decline of traditional brick-and-mortar stores and the rise of online retail giants. This shift has not only changed consumer behavior but also disrupted entire industries, forcing companies to adapt or risk becoming obsolete.However, along with its many benefits, technology has also raised concerns about privacy, security, and the ethical implications of its use. The collection andanalysis of vast amounts of personal data raise questions about individual privacy rights and the potential for misuse by corporations and governments. Furthermore, the increasing reliance on automation and artificial intelligence has led to fears of job displacement and economic inequality.In conclusion, technology has undoubtedly brought about profound changes in our society, economy, and way of life. From communication to healthcare, education to entertainment, technology has reshaped almost every aspect of human existence. While the benefits are undeniable, itis essential to address the challenges and ethical considerations that come with the rapid advancement of technology to ensure a more equitable and sustainablefuture for all.。
核电与核辐射1986年4月26日,切尔诺贝利核电站的一个反应堆发生爆炸,将相当于400颗广岛原子弹的放射性尘降物散布到整个北半球。
在此之前,科学家对辐射对植物和野生动物的影响几乎一无所知。
这场灾难创造了一个活生生的实验室,尤其是在这个被称为禁区的1100平方英里的区域。
1994年,德州理工大学生物学教授罗纳德·切瑟和罗伯特·贝克是首批获准完全进入该区域的美国科学家之一。
“我们抓了一群田鼠,它们看起来和野草一样健康。
我们对此非常着迷。
”贝克回忆说。
当Baker和Chesser对田鼠的DNA进行测序时,他们没有发现异常的突变率。
他们还注意到狼、猞猁和其他曾经稀有的物种在这片区域游荡,仿佛这里是原子野生动物保护区。
2003年由一组联合国机构建立的切尔诺贝利论坛发表了声明一份关于灾难20周年的报告证实了这一观点,称“环境条件对该地区的生物群落产生了积极影响”,将其转变为“一个独特的生物多样性保护区”。
五年前,贝克和切塞尔在这片区域搜寻田鼠。
Mousseau到切尔诺贝利去数鸟,发现了与之相矛盾的证据。
穆萨乌是南卡罗莱纳大学的生物学教授,他的合作者安德斯·佩普·穆勒现在是巴黎南方大学生态、系统学和进化实验室的研究主任。
他们发现该地区家燕的数量要少得多,而那些存活下来的家燕则遭受着寿命缩短、(雄性)生育能力下降、大脑变小、肿瘤、部分白化病(一种基因突变)以及白内障发病率更高的痛苦。
在过去13年发表的60多篇论文中,Mousseau和Moller指出,暴露在低水平辐射下对该区域的整个生物圈产生了负面影响,从微生物到哺乳动物,从昆虫到鸟类。
包括贝克在内的批评人士对穆萨和穆勒持批评态度。
贝克在2006年与切塞尔合著的《美国科学家》(American Scientist)文章中指出,该区域“实际上已成为一个保护区”,穆萨和穆勒的“令人难以置信的结论只得到了间接证据的支持”。
我们所知道的关于电离辐射对健康影响的几乎所有信息都来自于一项正在进行的对原子弹幸存者的研究,该研究被称为寿命研究,简称LSS。
英文科技专题文章范文(热门3篇)英文科技专题文章范文第1篇One way to get noticed is Reuben Smith Vaughn, another American college graduate. The most popular majors in this university are English, business and economics. Sitting here, he hears the real Emptiness: Bachelor's degree or above, major in machinery or trade.Our textbook is new international business English published by Cambridge University Press. How do you deal with training, becoming a celebrity and homework? I'm Li San from Jiujiang. I'm a fresh graduate majoring in Business English, with bachelor's degree or above in mining or business English Mechanical or business majors give priority to college education with Japanese as major, plus practical experience in translating business documents for homework.Write a letter to your parents and tell them about your life in college,.中文翻译:一个能引起注意的方法是鲁本·史密斯·沃恩,另一个美国大学的毕业生。
核电与核辐射1986年4月26日,切尔诺贝利核电站的一个反应堆发生爆炸,将相当于400颗广岛原子弹的放射性尘降物散布到整个北半球。
在此之前,科学家对辐射对植物和野生动物的影响几乎一无所知。
这场灾难创造了一个活生生的实验室,尤其是在这个被称为禁区的1100平方英里的区域。
1994年,德州理工大学生物学教授罗纳德·切瑟和罗伯特·贝克是首批获准完全进入该区域的美国科学家之一。
“我们抓了一群田鼠,它们看起来和野草一样健康。
我们对此非常着迷。
”贝克回忆说。
当Baker和Chesser对田鼠的DNA进行测序时,他们没有发现异常的突变率。
他们还注意到狼、猞猁和其他曾经稀有的物种在这片区域游荡,仿佛这里是原子野生动物保护区。
2003年由一组联合国机构建立的切尔诺贝利论坛发表了声明一份关于灾难20周年的报告证实了这一观点,称“环境条件对该地区的生物群落产生了积极影响”,将其转变为“一个独特的生物多样性保护区”。
五年前,贝克和切塞尔在这片区域搜寻田鼠。
Mousseau到切尔诺贝利去数鸟,发现了与之相矛盾的证据。
穆萨乌是南卡罗莱纳大学的生物学教授,他的合作者安德斯·佩普·穆勒现在是巴黎南方大学生态、系统学和进化实验室的研究主任。
他们发现该地区家燕的数量要少得多,而那些存活下来的家燕则遭受着寿命缩短、(雄性)生育能力下降、大脑变小、肿瘤、部分白化病(一种基因突变)以及白内障发病率更高的痛苦。
在过去13年发表的60多篇论文中,Mousseau和Moller指出,暴露在低水平辐射下对该区域的整个生物圈产生了负面影响,从微生物到哺乳动物,从昆虫到鸟类。
包括贝克在内的批评人士对穆萨和穆勒持批评态度。
贝克在2006年与切塞尔合著的《美国科学家》(American Scientist)文章中指出,该区域“实际上已成为一个保护区”,穆萨和穆勒的“令人难以置信的结论只得到了间接证据的支持”。
我们所知道的关于电离辐射对健康影响的几乎所有信息都来自于一项正在进行的对原子弹幸存者的研究,该研究被称为寿命研究,简称LSS。
科学技术作文英文英文:Science and technology have played an increasingly important role in our daily lives. From the invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, science and technology have changed the way we live, work, and communicate.One example of how science and technology have changed our lives is the smartphone. With a smartphone, we can easily communicate with people from all over the world, access information, and even control our home appliances.It has become an indispensable part of our daily lives.Another example is the development of renewable energy. As we face the challenge of climate change, renewable energy has become increasingly important. Solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric power plants are just a few examples of how science and technology are helping usto reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and transition to a more sustainable future.In addition to improving our daily lives, science and technology have also contributed to the advancement of medicine. With the development of new drugs and medical technologies, we are able to treat and prevent diseases that were once considered incurable. For example, the development of vaccines has helped to eradicate diseases such as smallpox and polio.Overall, science and technology have had a profound impact on our lives and will continue to shape our future. As we face new challenges, we will rely on science and technology to help us find solutions and create a better world.中文:科学技术在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
英汉互译练习题一、单词翻译1. economy2. technology3. environment4. education5. health6. culture8. transportation9. tourism10. globalisation二、短语翻译1. a piece of cake2. break the ice3. once in a blue moon4. hit the nail on the head5. see eye to eye6. face the music7. let the cat out of the bag8. kill two birds with one stone9. add fuel to the fire10. go overboard三、句子翻译1. Knowledge is power.2. Time waits for no one.3. No pain, no gain.4. Where there is a will, there is a way.6. Better late than never.7. Actions speak louder than words.8. A stitch in time saves nine.9. Rome was not built in a day.10. The early bird catches the worm.四、段落翻译2. Environmental protection is a major issue facing the world today. Governments and individuals should work together to reduce pollution, save energy and protect natural resources for future generations.3. Education is the key to personal development and national progress. A good education system should focus on cultivating students' creativity, critical thinking and practical skills.4. With the rapid development of technology, artificial intelligence is increasingly being applied in various fields, such as healthcare, transportation and finance.5. Culture is the soul of a nation. Protecting and promoting cultural heritage is essential for maintaining cultural diversity and enriching human civilization.五、谚语翻译1. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
科技类文章中英文对照范文带翻译现在是科技的时代了,因循守旧是行不通的,应该追随科技的脚步前进。
下面店铺整理了中英文对照的科技类文章,希望大家喜欢! 中英文对照的科技类文章篇一印度首富百亿美元建4G网免费向全国提供India's richest man is rolling out a $20 billion mobile network that could bring lightning-fast Internet to hundreds of millions of people.印度首富正斥资200亿美元建设移动网络,或可使十亿人高速连接互联网。
Indian consumers are already celebrating the arrival of Mukesh Ambani's new Reliance Jio service, seizing on the billionaire's promise to deliver rock bottom prices and download speeds that will enable streaming video.印度消费者已经在庆祝穆克什•安巴尼新推出的瑞来斯Jio网络服务。
这位亿万富翁承诺,该网络会以最低价格提供满足流媒体使用的下载速度。
The 4G network, which reaches more than 80% of the country, officially went live Monday with a set of generous introductory offers.这个覆盖印度超过80%地区的4G网络于周一正式开通,同时慷慨附送试用套餐。
Indians will be able to use Jio for free until the end of 2016, and pay as little as 149 rupees ($2.25) a month for data after that.印度人到今年年底都可免费使用Jio网络,之后的网费也只有每月149卢比(2.25美金)。
科技英语原文及简单翻译How ASIMO WorksIntroduction to How ASIMO WorksWant a robot to cook your dinner, do your homework, clean your house, or get your groceries? Robots already do a lot of the jobs that we humans don't want to do, can't do, or simply can't do as well as our robotic counterparts.Honda engineers have been busy creating the ASIMO robot for more than 20 years. In this article, we'll find out what makes ASIMO the most advanced humanoid robot to date.The Honda Motor Company developed ASIMO, which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, and is the most advanced humanoid robot in the world. According to the ASIMO Web site, ASIMO is the first humanoid robot in the world that can walk independently and climb stairs.Rather than building a robot that would be another toy, Honda wanted to create a robot that would be a helper for people -- a robot to help around the house, help the elderly, or help someone confined to a wheelchair or bed. ASIMO is 4 feet 3 inches (1.3 meters) high, This allows ASIMO to do the jobs it was created to do without being too big and menacing.ASIMO's Motion: Walk Like a HumanHonda researchers began by studying the legs of insects, mammals, and the motion of a mountain climber with prosthetic legs to better understand the physiology and all of the things that take place when we walk -- particularly in the joints. For example, the fact that we shift our weight using our bodies and especially our arms inorder to balance was very important in getting ASIMO's walking mechanism right. The fact that we have toes that help with our balance was also taken intoconsideration: ASIMO actually has soft projections on its feet that play a similar role to the one our toes play when we walk. This soft material also absorbs impact on the joints, just as our soft tissues do when we walk.ASIMO has hip, knee, and foot joints. Robots have joints that researchers refer to as \degrees of freedom.\A single degree of freedom allows movement either right and left or up and down. ASIMO has 34 degrees of freedom spread over different points of its body in order to allow it to move freely. There are three degrees of freedom in ASIMO's neck, seven on each arm and six on each leg. The number of degrees offreedom necessary for ASIMO's legs was decided by measuring human joint movement while walking on flat ground, climbing stairs and running.ASIMO also has a speed sensor and a gyroscope sensor mounted on its body. They perform the tasks of:? ?sensing the position of ASIMO's body and the speed at which it is moving relaying adjustments for balance to the central computer These sensors work similarly to our inner ears in the way they maintain balance and orientation.ASIMO also has floor surface sensors in its feet and six ultrasonic sensors in its midsection. These sensors enhance ASIMO's ability to interact with its environment by detecting objects around ASIMO and comparing gathered information with maps of the area stored in ASIMO's memory.To accomplish the job our muscles and skin do in sensing muscle power, pressure and joint angles, ASIMO has both joint-angle sensors and a six-axis force sensor.Unless you know a lot about robotics, you may not fully grasp the incredible milestone it is that ASIMO walks as we do. The most significant part of ASIMO's walk is the turning capabilities. Rather than having to stop and shuffle, stop and shuffle, and stop and shuffle into a new direction, ASIMO leans and smoothly turns just like a human. ASIMO can also self-adjust its steps in case it stumbles, is pushed, or otherwise encounters something that alters normal walking.In order to accomplish this, ASIMO's engineers had to find a way to work with the inertial forces created when walking. For example, the earth's gravity creates a force, as does the speed at which you walk. Those two forces are called the \inertial force.\ground, called the \posture has to work to make it happen. This is called the \zero moment point\(ZMP). To control ASIMO's posture, engineers worked on three areas of control:? ?Floor reaction control means that the soles of the feet absorb floor unevenness while still maintaining a firm stance.Target ZMP control means that when ASIMO can't stand firmly and its body begins to fall forward, it maintains position by moving its upper body in the direction opposite the impending fall. At the same time, it speeds up its walking to quickly counterbalance the fall.?Foot-planting location control kicks in when the target ZMP control has been activated. It adjusts the length of the step to regain the right relationship between the position and speed of the body and the length of the step.ASIMO's Motion: Smooth MovesASIMO can sense falling movements and react to them quickly; but ASIMO's engineers wanted more. They wanted the robot to have a smooth gait as well as do something that other robots can't do -- turn without stopping.When we walk around corners, we shift our center of gravity into the turn. ASIMO uses a technology called \predictive movement control,\Intelligent Real-Time Flexible Walking Technology or I-Walk, to accomplish that same thing. ASIMO predicts how much it should shift its center of gravity to the inside of the turn and how long that shift should be maintained. Because this technolgy works in real time, ASIMO can do this without stopping between steps, which other robots must do.Essentially, with every step ASIMO takes, it has to determine its inertia and then predict how its weight needs to be shifted for the next step in order to walk and turn smoothly. It adjusts any of the following factors in order to maintain the right position:? ? ? ?the length of its steps its body position its speedthe direction in which it is steppingWhile reproducing a human-like walk is an amazing achievement, ASIMO can now run at speeds up to 3.7 miles per hour (6 kilometers per hour). In order to qualify as a true running robot, ASIMO must have both feet off the ground for an instant in each step. ASIMO manages to be airborne for .08 seconds with each step while running. Honda engineers encountered an entirely new set of challenges while trying to give ASIMO the ability to run. They gave ASIMO’s torso a degree of freedom to aid in bending and twisting so that the robot could adjust its posture while airborne. Without this ability, ASIMOwould lose control while airborne, possibly spinning in the air or tripping when landing.In order to make turns smoothly while running, the engineers enhanced ASIMO's ability to tilt its center of gravity inside turns to maintain balance and counteractcentrifugal force. ASIMO could even anticipate turns and begin to lean into them before starting the turn, much like you would if you were skiing or skating.ASIMO如何工作介绍如何工作。
发现科技的英语作文带翻译Discovering Technology。
Technology has become an integral part of our lives, and it is constantly evolving. It has changed the way we communicate, work, and even think. The discovery of technology has revolutionized the world in ways that were once thought impossible. From the invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, technology has come a long way.The discovery of technology has been a gradual process over thousands of years. The earliest technological advancements were made by our ancestors who discovered fire and invented simple tools. These inventions helped them survive in a harsh environment and paved the way forfurther discoveries.The invention of the printing press in the 15th century marked a major milestone in the history of technology. Itallowed for the mass production of books and revolutionized the way knowledge was disseminated. The Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries brought about the mechanization of production, leading to the mass production of goods and the rise of factories.The 20th century saw a rapid advancement in technology, with the invention of the telephone, television, and computer. The internet, which was invented in the late 20th century, has changed the way we live and work. It has made communication faster and more efficient, and has opened up a world of information at our fingertips.The discovery of technology has not only improved our lives, but it has also had a profound impact on the world around us. It has transformed the way we interact with each other and has brought people from different parts of the world closer together. It has also had a significant impact on the environment, with the development of renewable energy sources and the reduction of carbon emissions.In conclusion, the discovery of technology has been agradual process over thousands of years, and it has transformed the world in ways that were once thought impossible. It has improved our lives, brought us closer together, and had a significant impact on the environment. As technology continues to evolve, we can only imagine what the future holds.发现科技。
科技文章因为其用词严肃,造句严谨枯燥,所以大家认为科技文章的翻译,就要追求/词对词,句对句0的对等翻译[1](P223)。
这些看法有些误解。
事实上,科技文章的遣词也讲究文采,造句也应具有美学特质。
本文欲从翻译遣词的方法以及造句中的美学追求来讨论科技文章的翻译。
一、科技文章的遣词科技文章的遣词也可以生动活泼,细究之下,似有三类:借、转、破。
它们给可能单调的行文平添几分亮色,使科技文章的沉滞之风,为之一扫,于是阅读便成为享受,翻译也充满兴趣。
[2](P77)现举例说明:(1) The furthest we have been is the Moon. If we want to travel into deep space, beyond our backyard, the Solar System, we.ll need a new breed of spacecraft.译文:我们人类迄今所到过的最远的地方是月球。
要想穿越地球的后院)))太阳系,进入外层空间,我们需要一种新型的宇宙飞船。
[2](P77)(2) Space is the most hostile environment we will ev-er explore. Even a single five-hour spacewalk requires months of training, and a vast technical backup to keep it safe.译文:太空是人类探索所进入的最恶劣的环境。
即便是一趟5小时的太空行走,也需要数月的强化训练,以及庞大的技术支持来确保其安全。
(3) Down here on earth we are protected by the at-mosphere and by our planet.s magnetic field (磁场),but in space long haul astronauts suffer gradual but irrevers-ible radiation sickness unless they are carefully shielded.译文:在地球上,我们受到大气层及地球磁场的保护,而在太空中,长时间逗留的宇航员会逐渐患上无法根治的辐射病,除非他们全身都能保护得滴水不漏。
遣词分析:例(1)中deep space,乃/借0来的专业术语。
Deep + space一旦成为航天术语,便不能从普通词汇的视角去解释,应译作/外层空间0。
例(2)中的hostile(本义:充满敌意的)文学色彩浓厚,它又体现了/转0字,其转义之一是:unfavorable to health and life (不利于健康及生活的)。
另如:a hostile climate/恶劣气候。
因此翻译the most hostile environment中的hostile,却不能/守0其本义,而必须以其转义译之。
当然,科技英语中体现/转0的意境的词汇,翻译时到底如何处理,是译其本义,还是译其转义,要视汉语的表达习惯而定,语言的奥妙与魅力,也许就在于此。
而例(3)中/long haul0的使用,充分体现了科技文章遣词的第三类:/破0。
5美国传统词典6对/longhaul0释义为:/informal: a long period of time0。
词典添加这个informal不可小视,科技文章使用如此informal的词组,很明显属于打/破0常规。
/破0在科技文章多为向下破格,孰料,本段出现了向上/破格0的例子。
Gradual but ir-reversible radiation sickness中的irreversible便是一例。
很多词典对其的注释是/不能取消的,不能改变的(律)0。
这个/律0告诉我们, irreversible本来是一个法律术语,属庄重语体。
从正式语体遣词到庄重语体遣词,应是向上o compete, produce, and succeed; this also affects thesurvival rate. Another part of the problem of male morta-lity is the male hormone testosterone, which brings about ahigher metabolic rate in most tissues, wearing them outfaster.(2) Later on in life man suffer from the strain of modern life to compete, produce, and succeed; this also affects the survival rate. Another part of the problem of male mortality is the male hormone testosterone, which brings about a higher, metabolic rate in most tissues, wearing them out faster.译文(1)的/the society puts strain on the man to,0和句(2)中的/man suffer from the strain of modern life to 0相比,前者的主语系非人称主语the society,而后者的主语系人称主语man,者的谓语结构乃puts strain ion on the man,与后者的谓语结构suffer from the strain of modern life 相比,无人称主谓句the society puts strain on the man to compete, produce, and succeed新意拂面,闪现出人文亮色,增添了人性美感。
另外,各种修辞手法的运用,也使科技文体带上了人性的色彩比如拟人的修辞手法。
如:(1) While many Californians dream of leaving their home state ofCalifornia, clams from Asia, a slug from New Zealand and a jellyfish from the Black Sea have decided to buck the trend and take up residence in San Francisco Bay.译文:正当很多加利福尼亚人梦想着离开他们的家园时,亚洲的一些蛤类,新西兰的一种海参,以及生长在黑海的一种水母,却拿定主意反潮流,来到圣弗朗西斯科湾定居。
(将蛤类等海生动物拟人化)(2)In the chilly month of November, most U.S production areas don.t harvest fruit. But a team of University of Florida scientists is trying to help growers in Northern Florida produce a crop by tricking strawberry plants into thinking it.s springtime.译文:寒风凛洌的11月对美国大多数水果产地来说不是收获季节,佛罗里达大学的一个研究小组却正在尝试让佛罗里达北部果农在这时候也有收成)))方法是对草莓进行欺骗,让它们觉得春天已经来临了。
(赋予草莓以生命)[4](p139)以上两种译文使用了拟人化的语言,拟人赋予各事物以人的特征、思想或活动,或带上人的属性,形象解释科技知识,使内涵化虚为实,格调轻松,明朗自然。
这样使得译文明确爽洁,直截了当,产生异曲同工之妙,也增加其审美想象力。
3、练达美科技英语中有一个重要的句法现象,那就是名词化(nominalization)结构的广泛运用,名词化使句子变为名词短语。
这种转换在科技英语中有两大作用:一是可以较少使用人称主语,从而表达生动形象的功能,突出科技英语简约之美感。
体现科技概念的客观性;二是可以避免结构臃肿。
[6](P274)如:由于光学纤维频带较宽,损耗较低,光源更为可靠,因此在这一角度、多层次的,并以此来推动翻译质量向更精、更准、更雅的方向领域会更具有竞争力。
译文:Larger fiber bandwidth, lower loss and more reliable optical sources would make optical fibers more competitive in this field.从汉语句子结构上看,整个句子是由四个短句组成的因果关系的复句,但是我们在翻译成英语时,为了简化句子结构,可将因果关系在译文中以另一种形式)))名词化形式表现出来,使译文既地道,又能表现出科技英语简约之美感。
另外,非人称名词主语在科技英语中的广泛应用也是为了达到一种简约美的效果,这里非人称名词指无生命的物质名词。
我们知道,名词大体分为两大类,一类是人称名词,一类是物质名词。
日常口语中,我们较多地使用人称名词来表明自己的主观愿望,但在书面语中,尤其是在科技文体中,我们强调客观性和准确性,人称名词使用不及口语中多,被动语态的使用和名词化结构就是很好的例证。
非人称名词作主语主要有两种修辞功能,一是简化句子结构,以简洁的形式表达各种逻辑关系,而且可以将表示逻辑关系的种种明显的词语标记省去。
用来预防结构强度可能发生的变化。
二是使句子形象生动。
如:如果我们测得地震波的走时和振幅,我们就能够确定地下的几何形状并估算与岩石速度和密度有关的声阻抗。
原译:If we measure the seismic travel time and amplitude, we can define the subsurface geometry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities.改译:Seismic measurements of travel time and amplitude define the subsurface geometry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities.从语法结构来说,以上原译可谓无可挑剔,似乎也很合符汉语原义,但不难看出,改译后的句子用非人称名词做主语,用一个简单句来代替条件关系的复句,其简洁效果是显而易见的。