广西民族大学622基础英语2015,2017-2019年考研专业课真题试卷

广西民族大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题（试卷代号：A卷）科目代码：241科目名称：法语(二外)适用学科专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：命题教师签名：考生须知1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题册上无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔作答，用其它笔答题不给分。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。

否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。

I Complétez les phrases suivantes en choisissant A, B, C, D. Chaque phrase a un choix. (从下列每题四个选项中选择一个正确的答案, 每题1分) 20%1. –Elle ne boit pas _________ café, elle préfère ___________ lait.A. de, leB.de, duC. du , de laD. le , le2. Ce_______ la police a découvert, c’est une voiture.A. quiB. queC. oùD. quoi3. Les enfants les mains avant de passer à table.A. se sont lavéB. ont lavéC. se sont lavésD. s’en sont lavé4. Qui a pris ces photos ?A. toutB. touteC. tousD. toutes5. Elsa va retourner Paris mai.A. en, àB. à, àC. à, enD. en, en6. Je vous remercie votre invitation.A. parB. grâceC. àD. de7. -Voyez-vous quelque chose dans la rue?-Non, je ne vois _________.A. rienB. pas quelqu’unC. personneD. pas personne.8. Un Français ______ cinq habite en villeA. parB. surC. deD. en9. – Pourriez-vous m’apporter le journal d’aujourd’hui ?– Bien sûr, je apporte tout de suite.A. le vousB. vous l’C. te l’D. le t’10. fasse froid, nous irons faire une promenade.A.Bien qu’ilB. Alors qu’ilC. Même s’ilD. Pour qu’il11. Voilà deux cartes postales! choisirais-tu ?A. LequelB. LaquelleC. QuelD. Quelle12. Posez livres sur table, s’il vous plaît !A. ces, cetteB. cet, cetteC. ce, cesD. cette, cette13. Son enfant ne comprend pas elle dit.A. queB. ce queC. qu’D. ce qu’14. Elle regrette de _________ hier soir.A. ne pas le rencontrerB. ne le rencontre pasC. ne pas l’avoir rencontréD. le ne pas rencontré15. Il parle________ français que nous.A. mieuxB. bonC. meilleurD. bien16. Mon pays natal est vingt kilomètres ________ ici.A. à, d’B. de, àC. à, àD. de, d’17. Son père lui a acheté une bicyclette il est content.A. quiB. queC. oùD. dont18. froid, la construction du pont avait été terminé.A. En raison duB. A cause deC. Grâce àD. A l’arrivée du19. Elle porte toujours de .A. beaus bijouxB. beaus bijousC. beaux bijousD. beaux bijoux20. Il ne parle pas anglais, à Londres, il a du mal à _________.A. comprendreB. se faire comprendreC. se comprendreD. comprisII. Mettez les verbes aux temps et au mode qui conviennent. (用动词的正确时态和语式填空, 每空1分) 10%1. Nous l’autobus depuis dix minutes. (attendre)2. , s’il vous plaît ! (se lever)3. Il beaucoup de vent hier après-midi. (faire)4. Je ne pense pas qu’on _________ trouver une solution convenable pour le moment. (pouvoir)5. Si je le savais, je ne le partir. (laisser)6. Qu’est-ce que nous dans cinq ans ? (devenir)7. Je regrette que vous malade. ( être)8. Ils sont allés jouer au football après . (dîner)9. Quand il son devoir, il m’aidera à réparer cette machine. (finir)10. Nous avons vu quelqu’un la rue. (traverser)III. Poser des questions sur les mots soulignés (就划线部分提问,每题1分) 5%1. Je m’appelle Sylvie.2. il a vu un livre intéressant.3. Il y a quatre saisons dans une année.4. Il est huit heures du soir.5. Il fait froid aujourd’hui.IV. Complétez avec les mots ou les expressions donnés. (用所给的词或词组填空，每题1分) 5%(être) célèbre pour pourtant au cours de en particulier y compris1. Nous devons prendre des mesures pour résoudre les problèmes posés devant nous,celui de la pollution.2. La circulation à Shanghai devient de plus en plus difficile, au centre-ville.3. La ville de Shanghai est son commerce international.4. Il joue très bien, il n’a pas appris à jouer..5. Vous obtiendrez de l’expérience les trois mois de stage.V. Refaites les phrases suivantes selon les consignes. (根据要求重写句子，每题2分)10 %1. Lucie a dit : « Nous avont passé l’examen hier. » (改写为间接引语)2. Les élèves aiment Madame Lemont. (改写为被动句)3. Quand elle est sortie de l’école, elle est allée chez ses grands-parents. (用过去分词重新造句)4. La culture française lui intéresse beaucoup. (用ce qui..., c’est...重新造句)5. Nous avons vu des jeunes. Ils travaillaient dans la classe. (用关系代词qui连接两个句子) VI．Compréhension écrite 阅读理解Lisez les textes suivants et répondez aux questions. Pour chaque question, il y a une seule réponse qui convient. (20 points) 阅读下列短文并回答问题。

2012年广西民族大学622基础英语考研真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.I didn't stop at John's house because he had visitors, and I didn't want to butt in.（分数：1.00）A.incurB.intrudeC.inferD.intercept2.The author dedicated the book to his son.（分数：1.00）A.inscribedB.submergedC.promotedD.reassured3.When you are hungry, you will devour what is up before you.（分数：1.00）A.gulpB.enhanceC.defrayD.doze4.We'd better wait inside until the storm subsides.（分数：1.00）A.transmitsB.distortsC.migratesD.diminishes5.The union and the company have come to terms on a new contract.（分数：1.00）A.brought to an endB.called onC.reached an agreement onD.terminated6.Several dissenting statements were made.（分数：1.00）A.lengthyB.novelC.unanticipatedD.opposing7.Speaking the truth, he is really stubborn.（分数：1.00）A.indignantB.obstinateC.ambitiousD.prodigal8.John is interested in and clever at many different things, so he is all-around.（分数：1.00）A.verticalB.versatileC.verdantD.vernal9.Because it was very contagious, everyone in the family came down with the disease.（分数：1.00）A.superfluousB.paternalC.sanitaryD.infectious10.If something can be easily seen, we say that it is conspicuous.（分数：1.00）A.picturesqueB.desolateC.vigorousD.eminent11.The judge's decision was appealed.（分数：1.00）A.applaudedB.unexpectedC.appropriateD.challenged12.As an artist, Jim is certainly an amateur, for he has had no training.（分数：1.00）A.a seniorB.an alienC.a laymanD.a steward13.That is a very interesting hypothesis.（分数：1.00）A.assumptionB.announcementC.conclusionment14.The agreement between them has been made.（分数：1.00）A.contentionB.concordC.conjunctionmune15.The warranty period is one year.（分数：1.00）A.initialB.trialC.guaranteeD.maximum16.During the weekends, they wander idly without purpose in the street.（分数：1.00）A.rambleB.rumbleC.fumbleD.clamp17.Many sick persons stayed in hospital waiting for the doctor.（分数：1.00）A.scavengersB.invalidsC.croniesD.deacons18.Mr. Harris has been in a coma for several days.（分数：1.00）A.very angryB.unconsciousC.distractedD.very busy19.They finally agreed unwillingly.（分数：1.00）A.consortedB.consoledC.consignedD.conceded20.The returning of his illness surprised us.（分数：1.00）A.relayB.relapseC.refrainD.refund二、Reading Comprehension(总题数：4，分数：80.00)Passage 1The standardized educational or psychological tests, that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics turn attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified condition. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be supported by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is the information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience, and upon such factors as cost and availability.（分数：15）(1).What is the author's attitude towards standardized tests?（分数：3）A.NegativeB.PositiveC.Slightly criticalD.Both A and B(2).Why is the target of attacks considered to be wrong?（分数：3）A.Because the standardized tests are criticized by too many magazines.B.Because the problems of the tests should not be referred to Congress.C.Because one fails to notice test users' lack of knowledge.D.Because attacks shouldn't be made by incompetent users.(3).“All informed predictions” in Paragraph 2 means all predictions that ________.（分数：3）A.are based on sound knowledge of the testsB.are based on information from the mass mediaC.are made by government agenciesD.are made by testes(4).One's predictions are never 100% accurate because ________.（分数：3）A.the predictor may not be wise enoughB.the predictor may not have sufficient experienceC.the predictor never receives complete informationD.the information received is subject to errors(5).According to the author, what is the context in which standardized tests should be considered?（分数：3）A.They provide a quick objective method.B.They get information about a particular person.C.They provide good quality information.D.They may be partly incorrect.Passage 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncementscloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years laterMany recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it's safer to stay where you are, but that's been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long.”（分数：15）(1).When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being ________.（分数：3）A.arrogant.B.frank.C.self-centered.D.impulsive.(2).According to Paragraph 2, senior executives' quitting may be spurred by ________.（分数：3）A.their expectation of better financial status.B.their need to reflect on their private life.C.their strained relations with the boards.D.their pursuit of new career goals.(3).The word “poached” (Line 2, Paragraph 4) most probably means ________.（分数：3）A.approved of.B.attended to.C.hunted for.D.guarded against.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.（分数：3）A.top performers used to cling to their postsB.loyalty of top performers is getting out-datedC.top performers care more about reputationsD.it's safer to stick to the traditional rules(5).Which of the following is the best title for the text?（分数：3）A.CEOs: Where to Go?B.CEOs: All the Way Up?C.Top Managers Jump without a NetD.The Only Way Out for Top PerformersPassage 3Read the following passages carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.【A1】 Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says. The researchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient's emotional state just before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.【A2】 Despite widespread belief in “road rage,” anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents. 【A3】Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries—those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents—also showed strong associations with anger.【A4】 The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.【A5】 Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,” said the study's lead author.【A6】 It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future.（分数：30）(1).【A1】（分数：5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(2).【A2】（分数：5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(3).【A3】（分数：5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(4).【A4】（分数：5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(5).【A5】（分数：5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(6).【A6】（分数：5）__________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4Read the following passages carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience. 【A7】 Self-knowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for the individual. History should forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive.【A8】 A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper and civilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom. 【A9】 History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation.The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. 【A10】 A nation's history must be both the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens.（分数：20）(1).【A7】（分数：5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(2).【A8】（分数：5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(3).【A9】（分数：5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(4).【A10】（分数：5）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、General knowledge(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、General knowledge A(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.The distinctive phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features, which include ________, ________, and ________.（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________22.In the predication analysis, the basic unit is called predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. It consists of ________ and ________.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________23.According to Austin's new model, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking:________, ________and ________.（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________24.According to cognitive linguistics, conceptual ________ and conceptual metonymy are cognitive models.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________25.“Care” is the ________ of the word “carelessness”.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、General knowledge B(总题数：4，分数：4.00)26.The Voice of the City ________.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________27.Life on the Mississippi ________.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________28.Song of myself ________.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________29.Syntactic Structure ________.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、General knowledge C(总题数：2，分数：2.00)30.APEC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________31.金砖四国（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________七、General knowledge D(总题数：2，分数：4.00)32.ASEAN（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________33.stream of consciousness（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________八、Translation(总题数：2，分数：30.00)34.The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.（分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________35.一个可能的应对方式（解决办法）是古典音乐表演者发明有吸引力的从唱片上听不到的曲子。

cause memories to shift over time.Further, our mind sets and emotions can influence what we pay attention to and thus remember. Scientists are tinkering with experimental chemicals that, when injected, can interfere withmemory-forming proteins and erase certain types of maladaptive feelings, such as an addict’s desire for drugs. Researchers have even managed to trick mice into forming entirely false memories. Memory formation and recollection is an evolving, active and plastic process that involves many different working parts of the brain, and scientists are just beginning to piece together how they coalesce into such a complex machine.1. The first sentences of this passage suggests that ________.A. scientists have little idea about the mechanism of memoryB. recollections are stored in memoryC. memory is the last big problem to solve about our brainD. if we know how our brain stores the recollections we know the nature of memory2. Fenton suggests that ________.A. ink on paper is different from inscriptions in clayB. using memory is harmful for our brainC. messages in our memory always change a little when we use themD. none of the above3. According to the second paragraph, ________.A. chemicals that can influence memory-formation work on proteinsB. addiction to drugs is a faulty type of adaptationC. altering memory-formation is already successful on miceD. all of the above4. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true about memory formation andrecollection?A. The process is not a rigid or static oneB. The process relies on every part of the brain working togetherC. Scientists are trying to combine what they know into a theory about memoryD. none of the above5. Which of the following is NOT true, according to this essay?A. Scientists are fascinated with the process of memory and recollectionB. We still don't know everything about our brainC. The research of scientists are focused on eliminating undesired memoriesD. “Ongoing biochemical processes” refer mainly to those intrinsic to our body, not to the experimentalchemicals in the laboratory.Passage 2 (15 points, 3 points each)A new study suggests holding a position of power, with weighty responsibilities, increases symptoms of depression in women but diminishes them in men. "Women with job authority -- the ability to hire, fire and influence pay -- have significantly more symptoms of depression than women without this power." Pudrovska, a sociologist at the University of Texas at Austin, explained in a press release. "In contrast, men with job authority have fewer symptoms of depression than men without such power."Pudrovska and her research partner conducted their study using data on mental health and jobauthority collected from 1954 to 2004 as part of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The study's authors claim that social and cultural norms allow for men to more seamlessly assume positions of power. According to them, a man in power is expected and accepted by his peers, colleagues and subordinates -- by those working alongside him as well as outsiders looking in. In contrast, previous studies have shown women in positions of authority regularly experience "interpersonal tension, negative social interactions, negative stereotypes, prejudice, social isolation, as well as resistance from subordinates, colleagues and superiors." The weight of these stressors and tensions results in an uptick of depressive symptoms, with women in power possessing depression symptoms more often than men not in positions of authority. As well, men in positions of power were even less likely to be depressed.The study's authors say their findings are proof that "we need to address gender discrimination, hostility and prejudice against women leaders to reduce the psychological costs and increase the psychological rewards of higher-status jobs for women."1. The first paragraph suggests that ________.A. women are depressed but men are notB. holding a position of power has different effects on women and menC. having more power is harmful for women but healthy for menD. none of the above2. The study was called a “longitudinal study” because ________.A. the study was based on collected dataB. the study was conducted on mental health and job authorityC. the study was done across 50 yearsD. none of the above3. In the study's authors' opinion, the differences between men and women in adapting to jobauthority________.A. lies primarily in social and cultural normsB. consists in the different expectations that society has on men and womenC. are manifested in their different patterns of depressionD. all of the above4. The study's authors believe that ________.A. society ought to pay women leaders more than men leadersB. social discrimination and hostility toward women leaders increase their psychological tensionC. women leaders had better be relieved of their higher-status jobsD. none of the above5. The author of this passage ________.A. reports on the study and the findings but gives no explicit commentB. apparently agrees with the study's authors on their conclusionC. shows sympathy to women in high positionsD. wants to draw public attention to the social discrimination addressed in the studyPassage 3Read the following passages carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.(25 points, 5 points each)Consider the times you’ve hopped on a subway, boarded a plane or entered a waiting room.speech acts are described as consisting of three parts, i.e. ________ act, ________ and ________ act.4.In terms of word formation, the words “edit”, “televise” etc. can be categorized as cases of________.5.In their book ________, Lackoff and Johnson argued that metaphors are a universal method ofhuman cognition.B. Write out the authors of the following works: (4 points, 1 point each)1. The Great Gatsby ________2. A Tale of Two Cities ________3. Leaves of Grass ________4.Gulliver's Travels ________C. Translate the following into English or Chinese (2 points, 1 point each):1.请勿践踏草坪2.WTOD. Explain the following terms briefly: (4 points, 2 point each)1.euphemism2.sonnetIV. Translation (30 points)E-C (15 points)Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson River must remember the Catskill Mountains. They are a dismembered branch of the great Appalachian family, and can be seen to the west swelling up to a noble height and lording it over the surrounding country. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their bold outlines on the clear evening sky, but sometimes when the rest of the landscape is cloudless, they will gather a hood of gray vapors about their summits which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will glow and light up like a crown of glory.C-E (15 points)在无数广为流行的生命理论中，惟一永恒的主题就是爱。

广西民族大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题试卷代号：A卷科目代码：622科目名称：基础英语考生须知1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。

否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。

一、Grammar,Vocabulary and General KnowledgeDirections:Find the ONE choice that best completes the sentence.（每小题1分，共40小题，共40分）1.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A.They have enough time to finish the paper.B.Dad says the meat is not enough cooked.C.You are not old enough to buy alcohol.D.She plays well enough for a beginner.2.In“She felt sick from tiredness”,the italicized word is used to indicateparison.B.purpose.C.cause.D.direction.3.Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A.I will buy you a present.B.Mom gave me a necklace.C.I’m going to paint it pink.D.Tom is teaching children Japanese.4.Smoking is so harmful to health that it kills____each year than automobile accidents.A.more seven times peopleB.seven times more peopleC.more people seven timesD.people seven times more5.Sorry I’m late.I____have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.mightB.shouldC.mustn’tD.couldn’t6.Mr.White,together with all his colleagues,____for Europe this morning.A.are leavingB.leaveC.is leavingD.are to leave7.The new designed bedroom seems to be a great deal larger than____.A.it is necessaryB.being necessaryC.to be necessaryD.is necessary8.He was determined to sail around the world____his illness and old age.A.givenB.althoughC.despiteD.in spite9.Mr.White has become bad-tempered since he indulges in Gambling.He is no longer the man____used to be.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that10.You____call your father’s name directly.It’s impolite in China.A.oughtn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t11.It is not____much his appearance I like as his personality.A.asB.veryC.soD.that12.There is much chance____Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if13.They did the experiment____their chemistry teacher had instructed.A.asB.thoughC.untilD.when14.He was listening attentively in class,his eyes____on the blackboard.A.fixingB.fixedC.are fixingD.are fixed15.I don’t think____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.thatB.thisC.youD.it16.Mary was____to tears by their criticism.A.sunkB.reducedC.forcedD.declined17.The police fortunately gained the key clew according to the foot mark in the____of theroad.A.clayB.dirtC.mudD.soil18.These magnificent____buildings demonstrate the great intelligence of the laboringpeople.A.antiqueB.ancientC.primitiveD.remote19.I don’t remember meeting him,but the name John Smith rings a bell.The underlined partmeans____.A.is omittedB.is warnedC.is appearingD.is familiar20.These goods are____for export,though a few of them may be sold on the homemarket.A.essentiallypletelyC.necessarilyD.remarkably21.Food will____if the temperature in your freezer rises above8℃.A.decayB.rotC.spoilD.corrupt22.The small company isn’t____of handling an order that large.A.ableB.capablepetentD.qualified23.Sometimes it’s good to stop for a while to think about the past and____the future.A.contaminateB.contemplateC.consolidateD.contradict24.School fees,illness,house repairs and other____have reduced his bank balance to almostnothing.A.paymentB.amountC.figuresD.expenses25.Many people,including college students of all ages,spend little time in____of physicalfitness.A.searchB.viewC.lightD.pursuit26.There’s no denying that as we age____,our body ages right along with us.A.chronologicallyB.significantlyC.deceptivelyD.deliberately27.We made an effort not to leave my friend out in the cold when we were planning thebirthday party.The underlined part means____.A.embarrassB.humiliateC.ignoreD.exhaust28.The company has to make its accounts and operations as____as possible.A.distinctB.evidentC.explicitD.transparent29.His ability to absorb information was astonishing,but his concentration____was short.A.gapB.intervalC.spanD.distance30.She is generally____as one of the best modern poets.A.classedB.gradedC.rankedD.rated31.____is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A.The Glorious RevolutionB.The English ReformationC.The RenaissanceD.The English Civil War32.In the US,the largest city along the Pacific Coast is____A.San FranciscoB.Los Angeles.C.Seattle.D.Chicago.33.In Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury,he used the technique of____,in which the whole story was told through the thoughts of a character.A.imagismB.stream of consciousnessC.naturalismD.symbolism34.Percy Bysshe Shelley did not write____A.Song of Myself.B.Prometheus Unbound.C.Ode to the West Wind.D.Queen Mab.35.____is not a modernist novelist of Britain.A.James JoyceB.Virginia WoolfC.wrence D.Henry James36.____is the manifestation of grammatical relationships through the addition of affixes,such as number,person,finiteness,aspect and case,which don’t change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are attached.A.Word formationB.InflectionpoundD.Derivation37.One way to analyze lexical meaning isA.predication analysis.B.stylistic analysis.ponential analysis.D.proposition analysis.38.____is NOT the characteristic of conversational implicature.A.CalculabilityB.CancellabilityC.DetachabilityD.Non-conventionality39.A sound pronounced with the vocal cords vibrating is said to be____sound.A.voicelessB.voicedC.consonantD.resonant40.Which function is the major role of language?rmative.B.Interpersonal.C.Performative.D.Emotive.二、ClozeDirections:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked[A]，[B]，[C]and[D].You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.（每小题1分，共20小题，共20分）According to BT's futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of1,000years),when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.Pearson has__1__together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a__2__millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key__3__and discoveries to take place.Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an__4__life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs__5__into use between now and2040.Pearson also__6__a breakthrough in computer human links.“By linking__7__to our nervous system,computers could pick up__8__we feel and,hopefully,simulate__9__too so that we can start to__10__full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”he says.But that,Pearson points__11__,is only the start of man-machine__12__:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will__13__lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”__14__his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted.However,there are still no__15__for when faster-than-light travel will be__16__,or when human cloning will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible.But he does__17__social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,__18__problems in2010,while the arrival of synthetic__19__robots will mean people may not be able to__20__between their human friends and the droids.And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.1.[A]taken[B]pieced[C]kept[D]made2.[A]complicated[B]delicate[C]subtle[D]unique3.[A]breakthroughs[B]findings[C]events[D]incidents4.[A]expanded[B]extended[C]enlarged[D]enriched5.[A]being[B]becoming[C]carrying[D]coming6.[A]schedules[B]plans[C]predicts[D]designs7.[A]directly[B]instantly[C]precisely[D]automatically8.[A]that[B]how[C]what[D]all9.[A]thinking[B]hearing[C]sight[D]feeling10.[A]form[B]develop[C]find[D]undertake11.[A]out[B]at[C]to[D]toward12.[A]program[B]production[C]experiment[D]integration13.[A]finally[B]ultimately[C]utterly[D]absolutely14.[A]Through[B]Though[C]During[D]By15.[A]forecasts[B]articles[C]stories[D]meetings16.[A]advisable[B]affordable[C]available[D]valuable17.[A]solve[B]arose[C]exercise[D]expect18.[A]confront[B]cause[C]witness[D]collect19.[A]lovely[B]likely[C]lifelike[D]lively20.[A]distinguish[B]differ[C]diagnose[D]deviate三、Reading Comprehension（选择题每小题1分，共10小题；填空题每小题1分，共8小题；简答题每小题2分，共11小题；共40分）PASSAGE ONEThe Work-Life BalanceThis month the TUC is campaigning against,what it calls,Britain's"long hours culture". But do the British actually work too long?And if we do,is it doing us,or society at large,anyharm?Over the past150years working hours across the developed world have been falling.In the mid-nineteenth century men in Britain,in paid employment,worked for at least55hours per week.Hours worked then began a steady drop--the rise of trade unionism is one explanation,but then,after the First World War they plateaued.From1951onwards they dropped again but this fall was brought to a sudden halt in1981with the onset of the deregulatory economic policies of the Thatcher years.Working hours reached a high in1997 when the UK average number of hours worked hit45.8per week,falling to44.3hours per week in2004.The main reason for this recent decline has been the impact of EU's Working Time Directive which stipulated that no one could work more than48hours in a week,unless special exemption had been jointly applied for by both employers and employees. Nonetheless,in European terms,we are still doing badly in terms of hours worked--British workers are at the top,or bottom,of the hours charts,depending on your point of view.In 2004British workers put in almost two and a half hours more per week than the average European worker--although that was an improvement on2001when the gap was three and a quarter hours.In terms of actual hours worked,for those fortunate enough to be living and working in the Netherlands the average was just38.8hours a week,whilst for those unfortunate enough to be working in Britain,the average was43.5hours.Workers in our closest European competitors,France and Germany,worked38.9hours and39.6hours per week respectively. And yet,according to research both French and German workers are around20%more productive than their British counterparts.And we do equally badly when it comes to holidays. The European average for annual paid leave is26.5days per year--again the UK is near the bottom of the league with an average of24.5days of annual leave.However,these raw figures don't tell the whole story.During the1980s and1990s it was fashionable to predict that the"revolution in work"had begun.Business gurus were forecasting that the then current work norm,in which the majority of the workforce were in full-time employment at places of work away from home would give way to the majority having portfolios of part-time,temporary jobs,with many working either from home or from mobile office environments.This would result in a blurring between work and home,leisure, and employment--thus concerns about hours worked would become little more than of historical interest.This view is backed up by Michael Moynagh in Working in the Twenty-First Century. After examining trends in working time over the past twenty years,and casting their findings forward,they conclude:"On balance it is likely that contracted working time will continue to drop,if slowly and intermittently".According to the research project"The Future of Work"led by Professor Peter Nolan of Leeds University,the notion that the nature of work is changing radically is systematically demolished.Based on a nationwide survey of employees Professor Nolan reports that the project found that,contrary to this conventional wisdom,the"end of work"scenario had not come to pass. In fact the1990s had seen a growth,not a contraction,in the proportion of employees in full-time permanent jobs.In2000,92%of workers were in permanent work compared with88%eight years earlier.And in2000only5.5%said they were working on a temporary contract,compared with7.2%in1992."Such startling figures do not suggest Britain is rapidly developing a more flexible labour market when measured by the extent of employment stability.Indeed,the permanent job remains very much the overwhelming norm and this is true across every occupational category."Nor was the notion of"going to work"in decline.The researchers found that most people still leave their homes for paid employment,only3%of employees said they worked partly at home and a further1.1%said they worked solely or mainly at home.Thus,arguments about working time are still very central to debates about the nature of the work experience.The Future of Work survey found that dissatisfaction with the hours that people were having to work had increased dramatically.In199235%of men were satisfied with their hours,by2000this had fallen to20%;the decline among women employees was even sharper,down from51%in1992to29%in2000.And this decline was,in terms of social class,across the board.Professor Jonathan Gershuny is an expert on the work-life balance.He paid particular attention,not just to paid work but to two related issues--women's unpaid work and leisure time.Gershuny notes how leisure time itself has become increasingly congested as people have less and less time to"consume"more and more leisure.He quotes from American sociologist Steffan Linder,who noted that as part and parcel of their"success"the harried executive might buy themselves a yacht;and yet the time they make available to enjoy their leisure activities diminishes the more successful they become.Gershuny paints a picture of the harried executive having to plan their leisure time almost as rigorously as they plan their working day.He also casts his eye over the unpaid work that is mainly done by women in the home.He notes how,despite the spread of"labour-saving"devices,the time women spend on domestic chores had not reduced,if anything it had gone up.This is because,as domestic work has become easier so"standards"have risen--rooms that were swept once a week are now swept once a day and meals that were cooked simply to be nourishing now had to be"interesting"as well.Gershuny reports that women on average spend45-hours a week on unpaid domestic work;but where they had a full-time job this time went down to22hours a week.For men, his research showed that irrespective of whether or not they were in full-time work they spent an underwhelming30minutes a day on domestic chores.No doubt many of those same men would privately applaud the sentiments expressed in a Japanese research report that concluded: "Housewives by nature enjoy doing housework.For housewives,it is difficult to distinguish between housework and leisure."Then again,perhaps not,as times have moved on somewhat.Questions1-4Choose the best answer.1.Which statement best describes the change of British working hours?A.Over the past150years,British working hours fluctuated by as long as10hours.B.British workers worked3hours longer every week than their European counterparts in2001.C.British workers worked longer than French and German workers with higherproductivity.D.British workers have the least annual paid leave.2.What does the sentence"thus concerns about hours worked would become little more than of historical interest"imply?A.Since there is no wild change in British working hours,the forecasting of work norm lostmeaning.B.There is no point in concerning about working hours since it is hard to separateemployment and leisure.C.The notion that the nature of work has changed is not right.D.The end of work scenario makes research impossible.3.What can we see from the research findings of Michael Moynagh and Peter Nolan?A.They agreed that in the future,contracted working time will decrease.B.They agreed that more British would like to work from mobile office environments.C.They have different conclusions and forecasts about British working time.D.Both are against conventional wisdom that the end of work has come.4.Professor Jonathan Gershuny notes that______.A.men take over most housework when women are in full-time workB.people work harder in free time to consume what they produce in work timeC.if you are top managers,you have more leisure time availableD.women spend less time on domestic chores latelyQuestions5-9Answer the following questions briefly by using NO MORE THAN TEN words.5.What is the result of working from home or mobile office environments?6.What are the percentages of people working partly at home and solely at home respectively?7.What is the dominant working norm?8.Which phrase expresses the meaning that both managers and manual workers complain about the long hours culture?9.What is one of the two issues that Professor Jonathan Gershuny paid special attention to.Questions10-12Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE words.10.According to the Future of Work survey,women are______________________dissatisfied with their working hours.11.The more successful people are,the_____________________time they have to enjoythemselves.12.The appearance of_____________________actually increased time of doing domesticchores.PASSAGE TWOAlready penitent for his angry action,but too stubborn to make amends,Mason toiled on at the head of the cavalcade,little dreaming that danger hovered in the air.The timber clustered thick in the sheltered bottom,and through this they threaded their way.Fifty feet or more from the trail towered a lofty pine.For generations it had stood there,and for generations destiny had had this one end in view--perhaps the same had been decreed ofMason.He stooped to fasten the loosened thong of his moccasin.The sleds came to a halt,and the dogs lay down in the snow without a whimper.The stillness was weird;not a breath rustled the frost-encrusted forest;the cold and silence of outer space had chilled the heart and smote the trembling lips of nature.A sigh pulsed through the air--they did not seem to actually hear it,but rather felt it,like the premonition of movement in a motionless void.Then the great tree,burdened with its weight of years and snow,played its last part in the tragedy of life.He heard the warning crash and attempted to spring up but,almost erect,caught the blow squarely on the shoulder.The sudden danger,the quick death--how often had Malemute Kid faced it!The pine needles were still quivering as he gave his commands and sprang into action.Nor did the Indian girl faint or raise her voice in idle wailing,as might many of her white sisters.At his order,she threw her weight on the end of a quickly extemporized handspike,easing the pressure and listening to her husband's groans,while Malemute Kid attacked the tree with his ax.The steel rang merrily as it bit into the frozen trunk,each stroke being accompanied by a forced,audible respiration,the'Huh!''Huh!'of the woodsman.At last the Kid laid the pitiable thing that was once a man in the snow.But worse than his comrade's pain was the dumb anguish in the woman's face，the blended look of hopeful，hopeless query.Little was said；those of the Northland are early taught the futility of words and the inestimable value of deeds. With the temperature at sixty-five below zero，a man cannot lie many minutes in the snow and live.So the sled lashings were cut，and the sufferer，rolled in furs，laid on a couch of boughs. Before him roared a fire，built of the very wood which wrought the mishap.Behind and partially over him was stretched the primitive fly--a piece of canvas，which caught the radiating heat and threw it back and down upon him--a trick which men may know who study physics at the fount.And men who have shared their bed with death know when the call is sounded.Mason was terribly crushed.The most cursory examination revealed it.His right arm，leg，and back were broken；his limbs were paralyzed from the hips；and the likelihood of internal injuries was large.An occasional moan was his only sign of life.No hope；nothing to be done.The pitiless night crept slowly by--Ruth's portion，the despairing stoicism of her race，and Malemute Kid adding new lines to his face of bronze.In fact，Mason suffered least of all，for he spent his time in eastern Tennessee，in the Great Smoky Mountains，living over the scenes of his childhood.And most pathetic was the melody of his long-forgotten Southern vernacular，as he raved of swimming holes and coon-hunts and watermelon raids.It was as Greek to Ruth，but the Kid understood and felt--felt as only one can feel who has been shut out for years from all that civilization means.Morning brought consciousness to the stricken man，and Malemute Kid bent closer to catch his whispers.“You remember when we foregathered on the Tanana，four years come next ice run?I didn't care so much for her then.It was more like she was pretty，and there was a smack of excitement about it，I think.But d'ye know，I've come to think a heap of her.She's been a good wife to me，always at my shoulder in the pinch.And when it comes to trading，you know there isn't her equal.D'ye recollect the time she shot the Moosehorn Rapids to pull you and me off that rock，the bullets whipping the water like hailstones--and the time of the famine atNuklukyeto--or when she raced the ice-run to bring the news？Yes，she's been a good wife to me，better'n that other one.Didn't know I'd been there？Never told you，eh?Well，I tried it once，down in the States.That's why I'm here.Been raised together，too.I came away to give her a chance for divorce.She got it.”“But that's got nothing to do with Ruth.I had thought of cleaning up and pulling for the Outside next year--her and I--but it's too late.Don't send her back to her people，Kid.It's beastly hard for a woman to go back.Think of it!--nearly four years on our bacon and beans and flour and dried fruit，and then to go back to her fish and caribou.It's not good for her to have tried our ways，to come to know they're better'n her people's，and then return to them. Take care of her，Kid--why don't you--but no，you always fought shy of them--and you never told me why you came to this country.Be kind to her，and send her back to the States as soon as you can.But fix it so she can come back--liable to get homesick，you know.”“And the youngster--it's drawn us closer，Kid.I only hope it is a boy.Think of it--flesh of my flesh，Kid.He mustn't stop in this country.And if it's a girl，why，she can't.Sell my furs；they'll fetch at least five thousand，and I've got as much more with the company.And handle my interests with yours.I think that bench claim will show up.See that he gets a good schooling；and Kid，above all，don't let him come back.This country was not made for white men.”“I'm a gone man，Kid.Three or four sleeps at the best.You've got to go on.You must go on!Remember，it's my wife，it's my boy--O God!I hope it's a boy!You can't stay by me--and I charge you，a dying man，to pull on.”Questions13-15Choose the best answer.13.What is NOT true about Mason’s accident?A.He was struck by an old pine on the shoulder and crushed.B.It was possible his organs had been injured in addition to broken bones.C.He suffered a great deal as he lay waiting for death.D.He was laid on some branches by a great fire in an attempt to recover.14.What do we know about Mason’s wife according to the text?A.She is white like him.B.She is not Mason’s only spouse in life.C.She has been to his hometown.D.She understands Greek.15.What is implied about the character’s lives from the passage?A.Sleds were the main method of transportation.B.The major source of income was fur trading.C.They had to be calm and resourceful in the wild.D.The far north is not suitable for white people.Questions16-17Answer the following questions briefly by using NO MORE THAN TEN words.16.Why does Mason think Ruth is a good wife?17.What was“fly”in paragraph3used for?PASSAGE THREENature versus cultureTo what extent have indigenous peoples suffered at the hands of conservation?When US primatologist Dian Fossey arrived in Rwanda to study the mountain gorillas of the Parcs des Volcans in September1967,her immediate concern was that their habitat was being eroded by human activity.As the government and wildlife authorities were turning a blind eye,she took the law into her own hands and organised patrols to drive out those she considered to be intruders in the park.Many of those targeted were local farmers who were grazing cattle and growing crops, collecting water,wood and bamboo or hunting small mammals.But the Virunga Mountains were also home to the Batwa,pygmy hunter-gatherers who,for thousands of years,had lived on their forested slopes.Fossey took an instant dislike to the Batwa and adopted-vigilante tactics to ensure they stayed away from"her"gorillas.While Fossey's actions represented a huge inconvenience for the Bahutu and Batutsi farmers,for the Batwa they proved devastating.The forest was integral to their lifestyle:it provided them with food and medicine and was the centre of their cultural activities.Without it,they became destitute.They had neither the skills nor the resources to become farmers and were given no compensation or alternative.Considered second-class citizens--unclean, stupid,untrustworthy--by their neighbours,they were forced to live in hovels on the fringes of villages,scratching around in wasteland to eke out a living.By the early1990s,begging was the main source of income for70per cent of Rwandan Batwa.The experience of the Batwa is one shared by millions of indigenous peoples around the world who have suffered at the hands of conservation."Historically the impact of protected areas has been very negative because the rights of the local communities of indigenous peoples haven't been taken into account,"says Marcus Colchester,director of the Forest Peoples'Programme,a UK organisation that promotes the interests of indigenous peoples around the world."The establishment of parks and reserves has often required their forced removal and placed severe limits on their rights of access and use of natural resources.Hence, there has been a lot of conflict,impoverishment,suffering and cultural loss."The traditional fence-and-guards approach to conservation grew out of the US national parks movement of the late19th century,which began preserving areas of'natural'wilderness for recreational purposes.Ecologists subsequently decided that nature should be preserved in a pristine form,uncontaminated by human activity.Over the past40years,conservation of biodiversity has become an increasingly high-profile topic and there has been a corresponding rise in the number of protected areas. According to the World Conservation Union(IUCN)there were just over1,000in1962; today there are more than102,000,covering a terrestrial area of17.1million square kilometres,11.5per cent of the world's land.To date,there hasn't been any conclusive research into the extent to which establishing these areas affects indigenous peoples.But most protected areas were inhabited at one time. In2000,WWF estimated that86per cent of South America's national parks were inhabited by people,most of them indigenous,and90per cent of protected areas in the Americas as a whole hosted indigenous peoples.However,it isn't just the indigenous peoples who have lost out to the traditional model of。

广西民族大学2019年考研专业课真题试卷
2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试试题
【A】卷
科目代码：627科目名称：图书馆学、档案学综合
考生须知
1．答案须写在答题纸密封线内，写在试题卷、草稿纸等均视为无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。

3．交卷时，请本人将答题纸放入试题袋内，密封后在封条与试卷袋骑缝处亲笔签名。

一、简答题（每小题5分，共6小题，共30分）
1.编码知识
2.知识鸿沟
3.图书馆
4.档案寄存中心
5.尊重全宗原则
6.档案编研
二、简答题（每小题10分，共6小题，S共60分）
1.简述知识与信息的关系。

2.简述“第三空间”的主要特征。

3.数字图书馆学研究的主要内容包括哪几个方面？
4.简述文件与档案的关系。

5.简述档案室的归档制度及其主要内容。

6.简述档案价值鉴定的“档案双重价值鉴定理论”。

三、论述题（每小题15分，共4小题，共60分）
1.试述文献的主要社会功能。

2.试述图书馆阅读推广的实现途径。

3.论述档案的基本价值及其价值形态。

4.论述谢伦伯格《现代档案──原则与技术》的基本内容与重要贡献。

第1页共1页。

2017年广西民族大学翻译硕士英语考研真题A卷Part I. Basic English Knowledge (30%)Section A: Multiple-choice (20 %)Directions: There are forty multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.After people have learned that magnets attract things, centuries passed ____ they took note of the fact that magnets sometimes also repel things.A. beforeB. untilC. afterD. since2.Most of North America receives _________ some form of continuous plant cover except in the arid and semiarid Southwest.A. moisture to sustain sufficientB. sufficient moisture to sustainC. to sustain sufficient moistureD. sufficient to sustain moisture3._________ industries, inventions, and communal endeavors of the Shakers, the best known is their fine furniture.A. Of the manyB. Their manyC. Are the manyD. Many of the4. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form.A. whatB. in whichC. in whoseD. that5.Settled by English Puritans in 1630, Boston became _________.A.so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay ColonyB.the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capitalC.it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay ColonyD.the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony6.The scents of the flowers was______ to us by the breeze.A. interceptedB. detestedC. saturatedD. wafted7.I f you______ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weak, for example by adding water to it.A. adulterateB. moorC. vaccinateD. sue8. Government loan have been the______ of several shaky business companies.A. tornadoB. salvationC. delinquencyD. momentum9. She made shorthand notes which she later _ .A. inscribedB. describedC. prescribedD. transcribedHe gave me an _ either Mary have to leave, or me.A. ulcerB. underdogC. ultimatumD. underworld11. _____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.A. There wasB. SinceC. BeingD. There beingI have never been to London, but that is the city_______.A. where I like to visit mostB. I’d most like to visitC. which I like to visit mostlyD. where I’d like most to visitThe experiment requires more money than _______.A. has been put inB. being put inC. have been put inD. to be put inFat cannot change into muscle ______muscle changes into fat.A. no more thanB. any more thanC. no less thanD. much more thanShe managed to save _______she could out of her wages to help her brother.A. how little moneyB. so little moneyC. what little moneyD. such little money16. A cinema was burnt out in north London last night. Police suspect _ .A. armpitB. arsenalC. arsonD. artifactShe trimmed the _ of the tulips before putting them in a vase.A. sprigB. spruceC. stakesD. stalksIt was as a physician that he represented himself, and_____ he was warmly received.A. as suchB. such asC. as thatD. so thatWhile most people would _ at the prospect of so much work, Daniels seems to positively enjoy it.A. accentuateB. collateC. dehumanizeD. blanch20.Even as a girl, _____to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.A.performing by Melissa wereB.Melissa knew that performing wasC.knowing that Melissa’s performances wereD.it was known that Melissa’s performances wereSection B: Proofreading and Error Correction (10 %)Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Many witnesses concerning the Chinese have told the truth, but perhapsa few of them have succeeded in telling nothing but the truth, and no one of(21)them has ever told the whole truth. No single individual, whatever the extentof his knowledge, could by any possible know the whole truth about the (22)Chinese.The difficulty of comparing Chinese with Anglo-Saxons will be more (23)strongly felt by those who have attempted. To such it will soon become (24)evident that many things which seem “characteristic” of the Chinese aremerely Oriental traits; but in what extent this is true, each reader in the(25)light of his own experience must judge by himself. (26)It has been said that in the present stage of our intercourse with Chinesethere are three ways in which we can come to some knowledge of theirsocial life—by the study of their novels, their ballads, and their plays. Eachof these sources of information doubtless have its worth, but there is likewise(27)a fourth, more valuable than all of them combining, a source not open to every(28)one who wrote on China and the Chinese. It is the study of the family life of(29)the Chinese in their own homes. As the topography of a district can be muchbetter understood in the country than the city, so it is with the characteristics(30)of the people. A foreigner may live in a Chinese city for a decade, and not gainas much knowledge of the interior life of the people as he can acquire by livingtwelve months in a Chinese village.Part II.Reading Comprehension (50 %)Section A (30 %)Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 39 are based on the following passage.My Views on GamblingMost of life is a gamble. Very many of the things we do involve taking some risk in order to achieve a satisfactory result. We undertake a new job with no idea of the more indirect consequences of our action. Marriage is certainly a gamble and so is the bringing into existence of children, who could prove sad liabilities.A journey, a business transaction, even a chance remark may result immediately or ultimately in tragedy. Perpetually we gamble—against life, destiny, chance, the unknown—call the invisible opponent what we will. Human survival and progress indicate that usually we win.So the gambling instinct must be an elemental one. Taking risks achieve something is a characteristic of all form of life, including humanity. As soon as man acquired property, the challenge he habitually issued to destiny found an additional expression in a human contest. Early may well have staked his flint axe, his bearskin, his wife, in the hope of adding to his possessions. The acquirement of desirable but non-essential commodities must have increased his scope enormously, while the risk of complete disaster lessened.So long as man was gambling against destiny, the odds were usually in his favor, especially when he used common sense. But as the methods of gambling multiplied, the chances of success decreased. A wager against one person offered on average even chances and no third party profited by the transaction. But as soon as commercialized city life developed, mass gambling become common. Thousands of people now compete for large prizes, but with only minute chances of success, while the organizers of gambling concerns enjoy big profits with, in some cases, no riskat all. Few clients of the betting shops, football pools, state lotteries, bingo sessions, even charity raffles, realize fully the flimsiness of their chances and the fact that without fantastic luck they are certain to lose rather than gain.Little irreparable harm results for the normal individual. That big business profits from the satisfaction of a human instinct is a common enough phenomenon. The average wage-earner, who leads a colorless existence, devotes a small percentage of his earnings to keeping alive with extraordinary constancy the dream of achieving some magic change in his life. Gambling is in most cases a non-toxic drug against boredom and apathy and many well preserve good temper, patience and optimism in dreary circumstances. A sudden windfall may unbalance a weaker, less intelligent person and even ruin his life. And the lure of something for nothing as an ideal evokes criticism from the more rigidly upright representative of the community. But few of us have the right to condemn as few of us can say we never gamble—even it is only investing a few pence a week in the firm’s football sweep or the church bazaar “lucky dip”.Trouble develops, however, when any human instinct or appetite becomes overdeveloped. Moderate drinking produces few harmful effects but drunkenness and alcoholism can have terrible consequences. With an unlucky combination of temperament and circumstances, gambling can only become an obsession, almost a form of insanity, resulting in the loss not only of a man’s property but of his self-respect and his conscience. Far worse are the sufferings of his dependents, deprived of material comfort and condemned to watching his deterioration and hopelessness. They share none of his feverish excitement or the exhilaration of his rare success. The fact that he does not with to be cured makes psychological treatment of the gambling addict almost impossible. He will use any means, including stealing, to enable him to carry on. It might be possible to pay what salary he can earn to his wife for the family maintenance but this is clearly no solution. Nothing—education, home environment, other interest, wise discouragement—is likely to restrain the obsessed gambler and even when it is he alone who suffers the consequences , his disease is a cruel one, resulting in a wasted, unhappy life.Even in the case of the more physically harmful of human indulgences, repressive legislation often increase the damage by causing more vicious activities designed to perpetuate the indulgence in secret. On the whole, thoughnegative, gambling is no vice within reasonable limits. It would still exist in an ideal society. The most we can hope for is control over exaggerated profits resulting from its business exploitation, far more attention and research devoted to the unhappy gambling addict and the type of education which will encourage an interest in so many other constructive activities that gambling itself will lose its fascination as an opiate to a dreary existence. It could be regarded as an occasional mildly exciting game, never to be taken very seriously.31.According to the author, we gamble regardless of the risk, because weA.want to survive.ually win in the gamble.C.don’t know the indirect consequences of the action.D.wish to achieve what may bring us satisfaction.32.The bringing into existence of children is also a gamble because they mayA. be mentally retarded.B. become our disappointment.C. go against us.D. become our opponents.33.According to the passage, we all take risk in gambling because we areA.born with the tendency of taking risks.B.forced to achieve satisfactory result.C.obliged to achieve what we desire.D.born with the nature of achieving satisfaction.34.The gambling instinct, according to the author, is reinforced by human’s desiretoA.give up unnecessary property.B.add more to their material possession.C.get desirable commodities.D.change their living conditions.35.Which of the following is true?A.If we dare to gamble, we will usually win.B.If we use common sense to gamble, we will usually lose.C.The luck is usually on our side so long as we have the confidence to changeour fate.D.We all have the luck to win the gamble if we use common sense.36.Which of the following is true?A.The more methods to gamble, the fewer the chances to succeed.mon sense plays a role in a gamble.C.The more methods there are, the less profit we will make.D.The more methods there are, the more chances for us to win a gamble.37.Who get profits from gambling activities with no risks?A.Those who organize the activities.B.Those who often go to state lotteries.C.Those who often go to football pools.D.Those who do not take so seriously.38.M any people would like to give away a small sum of money because they constantly think the donation mayA.not affect their general income.B.bring them unexpected big sums of money.C.help them preserve their temper and patience.D.bring them some pennies from heaven.39.According to the author, gambling may lose its fascination if weA.create more chances.B.do not take it so seriously.anize more other activities.D.help develop an interest in other activities.Passage TwoQuestions 40 to 45 are based on the following passage.Russia’s new revolution in conservationWhen naturalist Sergei Smirenski set out to create Russia’s first private nature reserve since the Bolshvik revolution, he knew that the greatest obstacle would be overcoming bureaucratic resistance.The Moscow State University professor has charted a steep course through a variety of foes, from local wildlife service officials who covet his funding to government officials who saw more value in development than conservation. But with incredible dedication, and the support of a wide range of international donors form Japan to the United States, the Murovyovka Nature Reserve has finally come into being.Founded at a small ceremony last summer, the private reserve covers 11000 acres of pristine wetlands along the banks of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. Here, amid forests and marshes encompassing a variety of microhabitats, nest some of the world’s rarest birds—tall, elegant cranes whose numbers are counted in the mere hundreds.The creation of the park marks a new approach to nature conservation in Russia, one that combines traditional methods of protection with an attempt to adapt to the changing economic and political circumstances of the new Russia.“There must be a thousand ways to save a wetland. It is time for vision and risk, and also hard practicality,” wrote Jim Harris, deputy director of the International Crane Foundation, a Wisconsin-based organization dedicated to the study and preservation of cranes, which has been a major supporter of the Murovyovka project.Dr. Smirenski’s vision has been eminently down to earth. At every step, he has tried to involve local officials, businessmen and collective farms in the project, giving them a practical, economic stakes in its success. And with international support, he is trying to introduce new methods of organic farming that will be more compatible with preserving the wetlands.40.The Murovyovka Nature Reserve came into being because ofA.Russian government officials.B.the International Crane Foundation.C.the determination of one man.D.an unrealistic dream.41.I f one “charts a steep uphill course” (paragraph 2), oneA.expects an arduous journey.B.maps out a mountain trip.C.assumes that life will be uneventful.D.sets himself a difficult goal.42.The preserved “pristine wetlands” mentioned in paragraph 3 areA. unspoiled.B. precious.C. immaculate.D. uncontaminated.43.The passage states that the Nature Reserve isA.an arid, uninhabited area.B.the only reserve in Russia.C.home to many different birds.D.economically beneficial to local inhabitants.44.The passage implies that the preservation of wetlandsA.can only be accomplished with traditional methods.B.requires imagination, daring and pragmatism.C. is usually a popular concern of politicians.D. limits an area’s development.45. Where is the headquarter of the International Crane Foundation?A. MoscowB. JapanC. WisconsinD. MurovyovkaSection B: Cloze (20 %)Please fill in blanks 46 to 65 of the following passage. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense,for that is a born quality 46 our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are 47 . Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, 48 being seen.There is a type of authority which can be 49 from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership.50 there is movement and action, the true leaders is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the 51 for anecdotes, whether true or 52 , character.One of the simplest devices is to be absent 53 the occasion when the leader might be 54 to be there,enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business 55 has detained him. To 56 up for this, he can appear when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display57 thingswhich other folks might 58 as trivial.With this gift for 59 curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is 60 in other people he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all61 is relevant. He never leaves a party 62 he has mentally filed a minimum dossier ( 档案) on 63 present, ensuring that he knows 64 to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert buthe would usually rather listen 65 talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof。

广西民族大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题（试卷代号： A卷）科目代码： 622科目名称：基础英语英语语言文学、适用学科专业：外国语言学与应用语言学研究方向：所有方向命题教师签名：考生须知1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔作答，用其它笔答题不给分。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。

否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。

I. Vocabulary (20 points)Directions：There are 20 sentences in this part. Each sentence has a word or phrase underlined. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of he original sentence and write down the letter on your answer sheet.1．I didn’t stop at John’s house because he had visitors, and I didn’t want to butt in.A. incurB. intrudeC. inferD. intercept.2. The author dedicated the book to his son.A. inscribedB. submergedC. promotedD. reassured.3. When you are hungry, you will devour what is up before you.A. gulpB. enhanceC. defrayD. doze4. We’d better wait inside until the storm subsides.A. transmitsB. distortsC. migratesD. diminishes5. The union and the company have come to terms on a new contract.A. brought to an endB. called onC. reached an agreement onD. terminated.6. Several dissenting statements were made.A. lengthyB. novelC. unanticipatedD. opposing7. Speaking the truth, he is really stubborn.A. indignantB. obstinateC. ambitiousD. prodigal8. John is interested in and clever at many different things, so he is all-around.A. verticalB. versatileC. verdantD. vernal9. Because it was very contagious, everyone in the family came down with the disease.A. superfluousB. paternalC. sanitaryD. infectious10. If something can be easily seen, we say that it is conspicuous.A. picturesqueB. desolateC. vigorousD. eminent11. The judge’s decision was appealed.A. applaudedB. unexpectedC. appropriateD. challenged12. As an artist, Jim is certainly an amateur, for he has had no training.A. a seniorB. an alienC. a laymanD. a steward13. That is a very interesting hypothesis.A. assumptionB. announcementC. conclusionD. comment14. The agreement between them has been made.A. contentionB. concordC. conjunction D commune15. The warranty period is one year.A. initialB. trialC. guaranteeD. maximum16. During the weekends, they wander idly without purpose in the street.A. rambleB. rumbleC. fumbleD. clamp17. Many sick persons stayed in hospital waiting for the doctor.A. scavengersB. invalidsC. croniesD. deacons18. Mr. Harris has been in a coma for several days.A. very angry B unconscious C distracted D. very busy19. They finally agreed unwillingly.A. consortedB. consoledC. consignedD. conceded20. The returning of his illness surprised us.A. relayB. relapseC. refrainD. refundII. Reading Comprehension: (80 points)Directions:The following two passages are followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down the letter on your answer sheet. Passage 1. (10 points, 2 points each)The standardized educational or psychological tests, that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics turn attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified condition. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be supported by later performance de-ends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is the information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience, and upon such factors as cost and availability.1. What is the author's attitude towards standardized tests?a. Negativeb. Positivec. Slightly criticald. Both a and b2. Why is the target of attacks considered to be wrong?a. Because the standardized tests are criticized by too many magazinesb. Because the problems of the tests should not be referred to Congressc. Because one fails to notice test users' lack of knowledged. Because attacks shouldn't be made by incompetent users3. "All informed predictions" in Paragraph 2 means all predictions that ________.a. are based on sound knowledge of the testsb. are based on information from the mass mediac. are made by government agenciesd. are made by testes4. One's predictions are never 100% accurate because _______.a. the predictor may not be wise enoughb. the predictor may not nave sufficient experiencec. the predictor never receives complete informationd. the information received is subject to errors5. According to the author, what is the context in which standardized tests should be considered?a. They provide a quick objective methodb. They get information about a particular personc. They provide good quality informationd. They may be partly incorrectPassage 2 (10 points, 2 points for each)When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”6. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingA. arrogant.B. frank.C. self-centered.D. impulsive.7. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred byA. their expectation of better financial status.B. their need to reflect on their private life.C. their strained relations with the boards.D. their pursuit of new career goals.8. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably meansA. approved of.B. attended to.C. hunted for.D. guarded against.9. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA. top performers used to cling to their posts.B. loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.C. top performers care more about reputations.D. it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.CEOs: Where to Go?B.CEOs: All the Way Up?C. Top Managers Jump without a NetD. The Only Way Out for Top PerformersPassage 3Read the following passages carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.(30 points, 3 points for each)(1) Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says. The researchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient’s emotional state just before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.(2) Despite widespread belief in “road rage,” anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents. (3) Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries – those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents – also showed strong associations with anger.(4) The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.(5) Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,” said the study’s lead author. (6) It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future.Passage 4Read the following passages carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.(30 points, 3 points for each)History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience. (7) Self-knowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for the individual. History should forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive.(8) A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper and civilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom. (9) History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation.The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. (10) A nation’s history must be both the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens.III. General knowledge (20 points,)A. Fill in each blank with a suitable word which should be written on the answer sheet. (10 points, 1 for each)1. The distinctive phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features, which include ________, _______, and ________.2. In the predication analysis, the basic unit is called predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. It consists of _______ and _______.3. According to Austin’s new model, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: ________, _________and ________4. According to cognitive linguistics, conceptual ______ and conceptual metonymy are cognitive models.5. “Care” is the ______ of the word “carelessness”.B. Write out the authors of the following works: (4 points, 1 point each)1)The Voice of the City ________________2) Life on the Mississippi _______________3）Song of myself __________________4）Syntactic Structure __________________C. Translate the following into English or Chinese (2 points, 1 point each):1) APEC2) 金砖四国D. Explain the following terms: (4 points, 2 point each)1) ASEAN2) stream of consciousnessIV. Translation (30 points)E-C (15 points)The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.C-E (15 points)一个可能的应对方式（解决办法）是古典音乐表演者发明有吸引力的从唱片上听不到的曲子。

附件4：广西民族大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题（试卷代号：A卷）科目代码：357科目名称：英语翻译基础适用学科专业：翻译硕士（MTI）研究方向：英语笔译、英语口译命题教师签名：考生须知1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔作答，用其它笔答题不给分。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。

否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。

Part I.Terminology and Phrase Translation(30%)1.Translate the following terms,phrases or acronyms into Chinese(15points).(1)electoral fraud(2)Tainted stars(3)extradition treaty(4)stealth fighter(5)car exhausts(6)overcapacity(7)bricks-and-mortar stores(8)poverty-alleviation funds(9)the Global Infrastructure Initiative(10)house-for-pension program(11)Grand Slam(12)anti-monopoly investigations(13)hard-berth(14)time-honored restaurants(15)genetically modified product2.Translate the following terms,phrases or acronyms into English(15points).(1)领土争端(2)栖息地保护区(3)跨太平洋伙伴关系协议(4)天然气管道(5)法庭调查阶段(6)城镇化(7)农地流转(8)公车私用(9)规模化种植(10)医保体制(11)看客心态(12)依法治国(13)冰桶挑战(14)不患难，但患无备(15)众人拾柴火焰高Part II Passage Translation(120%)1.Translate the following into Chinese(60points).On a flight from Frankfurt to Shanghai,a foreign engineer noticed row after row of Chinese passengers deep into their iPads,playing games or watching movies.None was doing any reading.The engineer posted his observation online and got a tidal wave of responses,most of which corroborated his view.Before we get to"Why Chinese do not read",I'll reveal the spoiler,which is the most frequent defense. "We read.We just do not read in the same way as the old generations do.We rely on modern gadgets for faster access."It is true that you cannot claim that only content on a printed page is knowledge.Anything that's printed can be displayed digitally.There are millions of books available in digital form.And true electronic books can incorporate sound and video,thus enhancing the reading experience.To those who believe they can get anything and everything from the Web,I'll hereby add my two cents'worth:Yes,you can,but you won't do it.My publishers(I work with several publishing houses in China)told me that most of the best-sellers in China are textbooks or supplement reading material,in other words,books that students are forced to read, or rather,forced to buy.So,let's compare China's best-seller list with that of the New York Times.While the latter has a mix of serious books,especially about history,and celebrity memoirs,the former is almost totally nothing.A walk through an airport bookstore will bring you more doom and gloom:mostly how-to-get-rich titles written by those who've done it or who claim to have the secret recipe.On top of that,there are buyers of books in China who decorate their rooms with wall-to-wall tomes but never bother to open the pages.Yes,people do read in China to enrich their bank accounts,but not to enrich themselves comprehensively.2.Translate the following into English(60points).中国作为人口最多的发展中国家的基本国情和定位没有改变，发展仍然是我们的第一要务。