南京学术论文翻译论文翻译价格

全国翻译价格关于全国各地区翻译价格我们根据客户的不同需求和具体情况，提供多种等级和特色的翻译服务，供客户选择：（注：以下报价均为参考价格，精确报价将根据稿件内容的难度、技术处理的复杂程度和时限要求的缓急而定。

品质控制坚持高端定位是外语通翻译的核心要素，追求高品质翻译需要译员具备深厚的语言功底和专业背景知识，更需要严格的质量控制体系来管理这一过程：外语通六阶梯质量控制体系第一阶梯：译文评估承接分析稿件性质、用途要求、商务背景、专业术语、数量和交稿时间等，确定是否有100%的把握承接，否则坚决放弃，以免因质量或交稿时间耽误客户和影响品牌形象。

第二阶梯：专业译员翻译专业背景的译员只专注于一个行业领域的精准翻译，项目经理根据译文评估，从外语通全球译员库中分析挑选多名此行业的专业译员成立项目组，统一专业术语和标准，协同翻译。

第三阶梯：翻译质量监控项目经理监控翻译进展，每日集中疑难词汇，请签约专家释疑。

每日抽查译文质量，及时解决译文质量问题。

第四阶梯：译文校对排版汇总所有译文，查错补漏，进一步统一术语，按原文进行排版，形成完整初稿。

第五阶梯：专家译审修改专家译审对翻译初稿进行翻译准确性审核，确保译稿忠于原文，专业词汇纯正地道。

六阶梯：外籍母语润色第在华外籍翻译（外译中稿件由中文功底深厚的编辑）对译稿的语法、词汇进行修正和润色，确保译稿纯正、地道，达到母语品质。

外语通翻译严格执行《ISO译文质量体系》，《翻译质量国家标准GB/T 19682-2005》：译文质量标准Ⅲ类通用笔译Ⅱ类专业笔译Ⅰ类高级笔译译文用途内容概要、参考资料一般文件和材料正式文件、法律文书、出版物错漏译率小于5‰小于2‰0‰译员经验3年以上5年以上8年以上译员学历硕士以上硕士以上硕士以上行业背景常识业内资深海外背景无/短期中期长期译文校对有有有专家译审无有有母语润色无无有译文排版简单排版详细排版出版级别。

客户需要翻译的目标语言的普遍性和稀缺性将导致收费标准的巨大差异。

毫无疑问，英语是最受欢迎的语言，并且有很大的需求。

市场上也有很多专业的英语翻译。

无论是降低价格抢占市场还是计算成本，英语收费标准都是相对合理和透明的。

其他诸如法语、德语、日语、俄语排在第二梯队，翻译公司收费标准一般都是在200-280元，视稿件专业度和数量略有调整；意大利，西班牙，越南，泰文等东南亚语种已经接近稀有语种了，翻译报价至少300元千字起。

全球有170多个官方语言，那些剩下的可能很多您都没有听过，那都归为稀有语种，报价更是五花八门，翻译公司也没法全部列出每个语种收费标准。

内容重要性翻译公司收费标准里面往往会分成：一般级别、专业级别、出版级别，其实在不二外语小编看来，这个也不是很科学的。

除了一些外语文献，客户只需要大略翻译出来能看懂即可，其他的诸如邮件、合同、章程、说明书哪一个不重要呢？不是说非要发表到美国自然杂志的SCI论文就是最重要的。

以英语为例，现在大部分公司都不缺懂英语的人才，既然选择付费找翻译公司，那肯定是客户觉得重要的。

所以，如果您真的想找一个翻译公司，很多虚头八脑的东西都不能信，先试译，看看您们要求的质量是否和翻译收费标准匹配的上。

给大家普及下翻译收费标准的“千字”是如何计算的。

国内所有翻译公司收费标准里的单位千字/元，指的都是千字中文（“字数”或“字符数”有区别，具体请看不二外语先前发表的《翻译字数到底如何计算？——以Word字数统计规则为例》一文）。

如果是WORD文件的话，自带统计功能，只需要点击工具栏里的字数统计功能，然后如下图所示，按显示的字数统计的。

如果原文是其他语种，我们又迫切想知道文件翻译的费用，那么我们就需要做一个字数转换。

中文和拉丁语的转换比例大致是1：1.8，。

翻译公司论文翻译价格2016最新版近年来，论文翻译的需要日渐增长，翻译市场的竞争也越来越激烈，论文翻译的价格也成了众多客户的关注点之一。

与此同时，翻译人员的效率也在提高，使得很多的翻译公司和翻译人员可以提供更好的翻译服务。

翻译达人从成立之初就一直将质量放在首位，严格把控，建立了完整的审校机制。

为了给客户提供更好地服务，在论文翻译报价方面，也有着比翻译公司更优惠的价格。

不仅如此，翻译达人对于客户的资料，都会选择有专业背景的译员来翻译。

例如医学论文，我们选择的译员一定是具有医学背景五年以上的译员，对医学行业有比较充分的了解，这样才能保证客户的资料在翻译过程中不会出错，为客户呈现最佳的翻译质量。

以下由翻译达人提供的论文翻译价格专业级别供参考：无论是用于发表还是职称评定，或者是学术交流，论文的翻译都显得尤其重要。

一篇论文翻译的难度并不亚于写作一篇论文，不仅要求翻译者熟悉该领域，对专业词汇有相当熟悉的程度，还要求对其牵涉的其他行业的专业词汇也有一定的涉猎。

比如医学SCI论文，不管是职场还是学生，在很多方面都需要SCI论文的撰写和发表。

而要想翻译好SCI论文，全面的语法知识和广泛的专业词汇量缺一不可。

还要掌握大量科研学科的理论知识及一定的实践经验。

同时译者还要具有丰富的百科知识,对天文地理、古今中外不说通晓,也要了解其中的一些基本知识。

没有这些常识，译者的语言水平即使再高，也是无法做好翻译工作的。

此外，翻译者的中文水平也需要想当熟练，对于书面用语的规范驾轻就熟。

因此，论文翻译要求译员具备丰富的专业背景知识和灵活地语言应用能力，而翻译达人正好拥有众多具有专业背景的译员。

尤其像金融、医学、法律等行业的论文，对于专业性的要求是非常严格的，不懂这一行的译员根本无法正确的进行翻译。

而翻译达人秉承着对客户认真负责的态度，为客户提供专业的翻译服务，根据客户不同的翻译种类选择合适的译员，满足客户各方面的需求。

翻译的收费标准在当今全球化的时代，翻译服务变得越来越重要。

无论是商务文件、学术论文还是文学作品，都需要翻译来进行跨语言传播。

而对于翻译工作者来说，他们的辛勤劳动也需要得到相应的回报。

因此，翻译的收费标准成为了一个备受关注的话题。

翻译的收费标准通常是根据不同的语言对来确定的。

一般来说，翻译从一种语言到另一种语言的费用会受到多种因素的影响，比如文字数量、难度、专业性、紧急程度等。

在此，我们将介绍一些常见的翻译收费标准，以供参考。

首先，翻译的收费标准通常是按照每个源语言文字的数量来计算的。

在一般情况下，翻译工作者会按照每千字或每千字节来计费。

这种计费方式相对比较简单直接，也比较容易理解和接受。

但需要注意的是，不同语言对的翻译难度和工作量是不同的，因此在确定收费标准时需要考虑到这一点。

其次，翻译的收费标准还会受到翻译难度和专业性的影响。

一些专业性较高的文件，比如法律文件、医学论文等，通常会需要具备相应专业知识的翻译工作者来进行翻译。

这类文件的翻译收费标准会相对较高，因为翻译工作者需要花费更多的时间和精力来完成翻译工作。

因此，对于这类文件的翻译收费标准需要进行适当的调整。

此外，翻译的收费标准还会受到紧急程度的影响。

有些文件可能需要在较短的时间内完成翻译，这就需要翻译工作者加班加点来完成任务。

因此，对于紧急翻译的收费标准会相对较高。

当然，这也需要双方在协商时进行合理的沟通和协商，以确保双方的利益得到合理的保障。

最后，翻译的收费标准也会受到市场行情的影响。

不同地区、不同国家的翻译市场行情是不同的，因此翻译的收费标准也会有所差异。

在确定翻译收费标准时，需要充分了解当地的市场行情，以确保自己的收费标准是合理的、可接受的。

总的来说，翻译的收费标准是一个相对复杂的问题，需要考虑到多种因素。

对于翻译工作者来说，需要根据实际情况来确定自己的收费标准，同时也需要与客户进行充分的沟通和协商。

对于客户来说，也需要理解和尊重翻译工作者的辛勤劳动，以确保双方的利益得到合理的保障。

精诚翻译团队震撼全行业最低价-翻译报价50元千字起（市场价格100以上，至少比传统翻译公司价格低40%或更多，互联网+时代，去中介运作，我们已经为众多大型外企和国企翻译过许多专业文件!联系我们可以百度搜索“精诚翻译”COOE和儒家面子文化如何中国消费者第2章：文献回顾这一现象定性研究是为了探讨COOE和儒家面子文化如何中国消费者对国际品牌，特别是国际时尚奢侈品的消费价值观。

企业不断寻求新的方式来获得竞争优势，提高他们的商业机会和业绩并获得较好的竞争地位。

COOE和儒家面子观念也许可以帮助企业在中国市场发现商业机会。

本文假定COOE和儒家面子观念对中国消费态度、观念、行为和消费都有重大的影响。

然而，现有的研究对于COOE 和儒家面子观念对中国消费者心态影响的分析很少。

本文中现象定性研究的目的是调查天津、北京和上海经常购买国际时尚奢侈品的不同消费人群的想法。

同时，这项研究也是为了探讨COOE和儒家面子观念对中国消费者关于国际奢侈品牌的消费观念、看法、观点、经历、行为和态度。

在领导、市场营销、国际商务、跨文化研究等许多领域，人们越来越想了解文化和跨文化差异对不同国家的人想法、行为和反应的影响。

一些研究和理论已经涉及到了这种跨文化分析，这些包括水平和垂直集体主义和个人主义（施威特等人，2006）、中国消费者对国外产品的评价（Zhang，1996）、儒家面子观念(Leung & Chan, 2003) 、中国现代消费行为与现代性（Xiao，2005）等等。

在这一章中，作者仔细讨论了上述所有方面和理论，以得出中国消费者消费观念和行为相对于西方人的文化差异。

例如，来源国效应、文化差异、儒家面子文化与西方的自我概念、马斯洛的需求层次理论、中国关系观念、霍夫斯泰德的文化框架（即，权力距离、集体主义与个人主义）、全球品牌，与之前关于COOE的研究。

来源国研究的历史观点和儒家面子文化张关于来源国的研究张（1996）的研究侧重于COOE如何影响消费者的评价、态度和对国外产品的选择。

一般翻译收费标准在现代全球化的时代，翻译服务变得越来越重要。

无论是商务文件、学术论文还是文学作品，都需要进行跨语言的翻译。

翻译服务的收费标准也因此成为了人们关注的焦点之一。

本文将介绍一般翻译收费标准的相关信息，帮助您更好地了解翻译费用的计算和支付方式。

1. 翻译类型对收费标准的影响不同类型的翻译任务对收费标准有着不同的影响。

一般来说，商务翻译和口译相对较为简单，因此收费相对较低。

这类翻译任务通常包括商务文件、合同、报告等专业文档的翻译，一般按照每千字的价格进行计费。

而学术翻译和文学翻译的难度较高，需要更多的专业知识和艺术表达能力，因此收费也较高。

2. 收费方式的选择常见的翻译收费方式有按字数计费、按小时计费和按项目计费。

按字数计费是最常见的方式，翻译公司或翻译个人会根据文件的字数进行收费。

按小时计费则适用于口译任务，因为口译需要即时进行，时间更为关键。

而按项目计费适用于某些特定项目，比如语音配音、演讲稿翻译等。

3. 翻译费用的一般范围翻译费用的具体数额会受到多种因素的影响。

一般来说，翻译费用的范围会受以下因素影响：3.1 翻译语种不同语种之间的翻译难度和需求不同，因此收费也会有所差异。

一般来说，常见的语种如英语、法语、德语等的翻译费用相对较低，而少数语种如阿拉伯语、日语、韩语等的翻译费用较高。

3.2 文件难度和专业程度一些专业性较强的文件，比如医学、法律、金融等领域的文件，需要更高水平的专业知识和翻译技能，因此收费也相对较高。

3.3 翻译时限如果在比较紧迫的时间内完成翻译任务，翻译人员需要加班或加急处理，这也会对翻译费用产生影响。

4. 翻译客户的选择翻译服务的收费标准也与翻译客户有关。

大型企业、跨国公司等有着较高质量和安全需求的客户，通常会选择有一定知名度和公信力的翻译公司，对于这类客户，翻译费用会相对较高。

而一些个人、小型企业可能会选择翻译个人，对于这类客户，翻译费用会相对较低。

5. 补充费用有些特殊情况下，还可能会产生一些额外费用。

石家庄宏圣翻译有限公司报价表备注:1.稿件以中文字符数计算价格。

字数统计方法是:使用Microsoft Word 菜单"工具"-"字数统计 "-不记空格的字符数，笔译资料不足500字符按 500字符计费,超过500字符按1000字计算。

2.以上价格为税前价格。

3.证件、出国资料、公证资料、驾照、入学通知书、盖章材料均按每份收费。

4.对于专业性较强、严谨度要求较高的专利、法律文件、合同等资料将根据技术难度增收 20%-30%的费用，加急稿件加收 20%-100%加急费。

加急标准(翻译人员每天 8小时工作量为 3000-4000字符左右)。

5.签订协议后预付 50%的款项，交稿后结清尾款。

6.本翻译公司对译稿的内容、用途和对译文的直接或间接使用产生的后果不承担责任；本翻译公司只对译文的准确性负责。

对原文的来源、内容和用途不承担责任；只承担翻译稿件费用以内的责任。

7.笔译的浮动价格是针对普通技术资料和专业翻译材料制定的。

如需详情，请致电与我们联系！笔译价格标准（单位：元/千字）类 别英 语德/法/俄/韩/日 其它小语种 其它 英译中中译英外译中中译外外译中中译外外译外普通类 100-160 120-160 140-260 180-280 220-400 260-500 320-600专业类 120-180 140-220 180-300 180-320 260-440 300-540 360-640高级类 140-240 160-250 220-350 200-360 300-480 340-580 420-6801) 普通类：商业信函、公司简介、广告宣传、邀请函、商务报告、科普资料等非专业性文档； 2) 专业类：产品说明、用户手册、技术文档、学术论文、医学资料、安装指南等技术文档； 3) 高级类：合同、标书、专利文献、司法/仲裁文件、公证资料、政府公文、公司年报等文档证件类报价(以下为英语报价，其它语种另计)公证件: 出国证明材料、证明信、票据、资格证、专利证书等等。

Ivysci收费标准Ivysci是一家专业的科研服务平台，致力于为科研人员提供高质量的学术服务。

为了更好地满足用户的需求，我们特别制定了一套收费标准，以便用户能够清楚地了解我们的服务费用，并做出相应的选择。

以下是Ivysci的收费标准：1. 论文润色服务。

Ivysci为用户提供专业的论文润色服务，涵盖语法、拼写、标点符号、用词精准度、句子结构等方面的修改。

我们的收费标准根据论文字数来确定，具体如下：3000字以内，每千字收费100元人民币。

3000-6000字，每千字收费90元人民币。

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我们的收费标准根据论文字数和难度来确定，具体如下：5000字以内，难度一每千字收费200元人民币，难度二每千字收费250元人民币。

5000-10000字，难度一每千字收费180元人民币，难度二每千字收费230元人民币。

10000字以上，难度一每千字收费160元人民币，难度二每千字收费210元人民币。

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我们的收费标准根据论文字数和翻译语言来确定，具体如下：1000字以内，每千字收费180元人民币。

1000-3000字，每千字收费160元人民币。

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我们的收费标准根据论文字数来确定，具体如下：5000字以内，每千字收费50元人民币。

5000-10000字，每千字收费45元人民币。

10000字以上，每千字收费40元人民币。

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上海樱通翻译公司是一家涵盖众多学科和专业领域，并集笔译，口译，证件翻译，音视频翻译于一体的大型专业翻译公司。

作为中国翻译协会单位会员，我们热情诚挚的为每一位客户提供专业翻译服务。

公翻译公司价格：常见的几种翻译项目的价格及收费标准目前翻译的工作在现在的市场中多为文字翻译，主要分为抽象翻译和具体翻译两种展现形式。

具体翻译的主要工作就是以书面文字翻译居多的各种文件的翻译，主要有法律文件，历史文件，现代的合同，论文，以及需要研究的资料的翻译。

而抽象的翻译，多表现为视频的翻译和ppt 的字幕翻译。

对于，听力口语翻译，在这里将不作为主要研究对象，就不在一一赘述了。

对于，很多需要翻译的人员来说，价格无疑是困惑所有人的主要影响力。

于是，在众多读者小伙伴的追问之下，今天就简单来给需要翻译的小伙伴儿们主要讲一讲几种常见的文件翻译的价格以及收费标准。

首先是论文翻译。

论文翻译的价格主要是由论文的内容和论文翻译之后的质量决定的。

大家都知道，论文翻译的市场价格是每千字英译中是160到220之间，这是之前的市场报价，现在的实际价格是比这个要高的。

论文在翻译的时候，翻译公司的人员都会和客户进行保密协议的签订，之后就是翻译公司的主要工作了。

但是，翻译公司在翻译论文的时候，是需要客户的配合的，例如翻译的文字需要书面表达还是口头叙述。

因为，学习过外语的都知道外语都有口语和书面语的区别，这就好比汉语的官方语言和口语表达。

此外，翻译成果展示之后，翻译的客户是有一定的核对期限的，过了一定的时期就需要支付翻译公司相对应的报酬了。

论文翻译的价格和报价不一样的原因，除了翻译公司的整体实力不一样之外，还包括翻译的效率和质量。

翻译公司联盟里面的译员都是非常专业且敬业的。

通常在翻译的之前的协议里面都有仔细的介绍，翻译的时候，客户最好现在网上仔细的了解翻译公司的整体实力，包括口碑和成功案例等。

上海樱通翻译公司是一家涵盖众多学科和专业领域，并集笔译，口译，证件翻译，音视频翻译于一体的大型专业翻译公司。

精诚翻译五折优惠中翻译报价50到70元千字（市场价100左右），全网最低，找最便宜，就百度搜索精诚翻译或者50元翻译免费试译，免费修改满意付款Ladies and gentlemean, I want to thank XXXXX for giving me such an opportunity to meet many veteran and new friends here. It is a great honor for me to analyze on current condition of China’ fuel oil market and predict its future.In 2011, the global economy slowed down and faced the danger of reaching bottom, developed economies’ debt crisis continu ed, the international oil price shocked a lot, China 's foreign trade environment worsened further, emerging economies were faced with "dilemma" situation which features both increasing inflationary pressure and economic decline, China realized "soft landing". China' fuel oil market pattern experienced a subtle change. Non-standard diesel fuel and light boat fuel market suddenly merged; Local refineries established comprehensive cooperation relationship with Sinopec and PetroChina to share their advantages;Bonded oil market became further open, ship supply market experienced a large year-on-year increase.Under the government's guidance, China's fuel oil market developed towards a more reasonable orientation.The introduction of tax rebate policy for fuel oils further encourage deep processing of fuel oil; And the reduction of fuel oil tariff brought about good environment for imports of fuel oil; Integration of fuel oil import quota provided private enterprises with more extensive market spaces.In recent years, Chinese economy has maintained stable and rapid growth,investments on construction of ports and related facilities also has also increased, coupled with frequent exchanges of vessels, ship oil market get great development space. The healthy competition in the market leads to its accelerated development. I want to introduce the market's main characteristics.China's ship fuel market mainly includes two parts, one is for domestic ships, the other is for bonded ships, now 90% of bonded ships rely on imports. The market mainly has following features. Firstly domestic ships' demand increases steadily, because there is relevant data from any authoritative organization, I just give estimated result. Secondly, the market of domestic boats is more intense, there are over 500 enterprises which are engaged in the field, due to relatively low threshold of market access,the number of market players is enormous. Thirdly, the price of fuel oil for domestic trade ships is mainly determined by the market, while the prices of diesel and petrol are controlled by the government, which is the most obvious characteristic. So there is fuel oil future in futures exchanges. Fourthly, bonded oil market developes quickly, but also become increasingly competitive. Recently the government introduced a new policy to encourage chain operation in the bonded fuel market, this is actually a kind of opening policy. Fifthly, the price of domesticbonded oils is obviously higher than the international price, although now most of bonded oils are imported, because of higher price, consumers have to pay higher price when they buy bonded oils in domestic ports, which hinders the development of marine bonded oil market. Sixthly, bonded oils' procurement channels become more and more diversified.The global market of ship fuel oils has an turnover of 200 to 250 million tons a year, ship oils' market price is closely related to international price. Generally, a car moves within a city, while a ship travels around the world, the ship owner usually choose a oil supplier which offer the lowest price, this is the biggest characteristic. The quick growth of world economy leads to increasing demand, so far, Chinese boat oil market has great potential which has not been fully developed.The situations of local refineriesAccording to the 2011 edition of "Industrial Structure Adjustment Directory", all small refineries whose processing capacities are below 2 million tons / year will be phased out by the end of 2013. Now, the policy has been implemented for nearly a year, those refineries are under enormous pressure, they have to consider transition or scale expansion. And 2012 is a key year for them.Three kinds of situations among local refineriesIn China's refining and petrochemical field, in addition to the large state-owned enterprise groups-Sinopec and China Petroleum, there are also a group local refineries. They are distributed in Shandong, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Hebei, Henan and other oil producing regions surrounding or are close to major ports. Some of them are privately owned enterprises,some are state-owned enterprises, foreign enterprises and joint venture companies are also available in the market. They need to struggle to survive in the market, because they have little quota and few sales networks.With policy restriction in raw materials, any adjustment of policy can cause them in trouble. According to the 2011 edition of "Industry Structural Adjustment Directory", all small refineries whose processing capacities are below 2 million tons / year will be phased out by the end of 2013.With many policy restrictions and and enormous pressure, how are they operating? How do they respond to industry adjustment strategies?Situation 1: Struggling for survivalAs for local refineries with processing capacity of below 2 million tons / year, industrial structure adjustment policy means the choice of life and death, they have to struggle hard to meed the requirement, if they want to survive in the market.The relevant provisions concerning the phasing out in the 2011 edition of "Industrial Structure Adjustment Directory cause greatest threat on them, for example, waste rubber and plastic tufa refining process, tar intermittent asphalt production and other backward technologies and equipments have to be removed. Take a local refinery enterprise from Zibo, Shandong- Hongyuan Petrochemical as an example, on one hand, it get a heavy oil deep processing project with its strong resource operation ability, thus making good use of national policy; On the other hand, as a large taxpayer in the region,it obtains favor from political leaders in both county and city level and get great policy support.There are many enterprises like Hongyuan Petrochemical company, Shandong Huifeng Petrochemical Group is one of them.Situation 2 Facing difficulty in scale expansionAs for local oil refining enterprises whose processing capacity is between 2 million tons/year and 5 million tons/year, industrial structure adjustment means not only restriction on scale expansion but also more fierce competition.2011版《产业结构调整目录》中限制类内容石油石化部分明确指出：限制新建1000万吨/年以下常减压、150万吨/年以下催化裂化、100万吨/年以下连续重整（含芳烃抽提）、150万吨/年以下加氢裂化装置……The 2011 edition of" directory" industrial structural adjustment in the restricted content petroleum petrochemical part clearly pointed out: the new restrictions on10000000tons / year following decompression,1500000tons / year following the FCC,1000000tons / year following the CCR ( containing aromatic extraction ),1500000tons / year following the hydrocracking unit ... ...The State encourages petrochemical enterprises forward intensive is changed, dimensions is changed, standardization direction development, environmental and safety standards are also more mention is higher, the industry development is a goodthing, but according to these enterprises at present the financial strength, only to gradually expand the scale of development, step by step, but according to the latest catalog request, future to examine and approve to moderate or even smaller refinery project would be more difficult.当前国家鼓励石化企业朝着集约化、规模化、规范化方向发展，环保和安全方面的标准也越提越高，对行业发展而言是好事儿，但按照这些企业目前的资金实力，要发展只能逐步扩大规模，循序渐进，但根据新版目录的要求，今后要审批到中等甚至较小规模的炼化项目会越来越难。

精诚翻译全网最低报价50元-70元千字（市场价为100元）先翻译后付费不仅仅是便宜的收费，保证让您满意，不满意免单咨询翻译事宜可以百度搜索精诚翻译找到我们1<A closer look at destination: Image, personality, relationship and loyalty>Drawing on brand relationship theory and attitude theory, this study investigates the relationships among destination image, destination personality, tourist-destination relationship and tourist behavior. Using a sample of 428 foreign tourists visiting the Angkor temple area of Cambodia and the structural equation modeling technique, the results reveal that destination image and destination personality have positive effects on the tourist-destination relationship, which in turn affect tourist behavior. The study lends support to brand relationship theory, indicating that tourists form em otional relationships with destinations, and further supports Bagozzi‟s (1992) reformulation of attitude theory with regard to the cognitive, affective and behavior sequence.Destination imageDestination image is defined as the sum of beliefs, ideas, and impressions that a tourist holds about a destination (Crompton, 1979), and it is viewed as a multidimensional construct composed of three primary dimensions, i.e. cognitive, affective, and conative (Beerli & Martin, 2004; Prayag, 2007). The cognitive component involves beliefs and knowledge about the physical attributes of a destination, while the affective one refers to the appraisal of the affective quality of feelings towardthe attributesandthe surrounding environment (Baloglu & McCleary,1999). The conative component is considered analogous to behavior, and evolves from cognitive and affective images (Beerli & Martin, 2004; Prayag, 2007).Brand personalityBrand personality is defined as the set of human characteristics associated with a brand. Aaker (1997) conceptualizes it using the five trait dimensions of sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness. These dimensions have been applied to various settings across different cultures to gauge consumers‟ symbolic consumption and thei r effects on behavior (Ekinci & Hosany, 2006). By adopting Aaker‟s (1997) terminology of brand personality, Ekinci and Hosany (2006) define destination personality as the set of human characteristics associated with a destination, and find that tourists ascribe personality characteristics to destinations based on three salient dimensions: sincerity, excitement and conviviality. The concept of destination personality has been applied to characterize tourism destinations (Hosany et al., 2006; Murphy, Benchendorff, & Moscardo, 2007; Park & Jung, 2010; Prayag, 2007), and its effects on differentiating among them (Murphy, Moscardo, & Benckendorff, 2007).2<A model of destination branding: Integrating the concepts of the branding and destination image>Despite the significance of destination branding in both academia and industry, literature on itsconceptual development is limited. The current study aims to develop and test a theoretical model of destination branding, which integrates the concepts of the branding and destination image. The study suggests unique image as a new component of destination brand associations. It is proposed that the overall image of the destination (i.e., brand image) is a mediator between its brand associations (i.e., cognitive, affec tive, and unique image components) and tourists‟ future behaviors (i.e., intentions to revisit and recommend). The results confirmed that overall image is influenced by three types of brand associations and is a critical mediator between brand associations and tourists‟ future behaviors. In addition, unique image had the second largest impact on the overall image formation, following the cognitive evaluations.Destination BrandingDestination branding can be defined as a way to communicate a destination‟s unique identity by differentiating a destination from its competitors (Morrison & Anderson, 2002). Similar to the general knowledge on brands, destination brands exert two important functions: identification and differentiation. In the branding literature, the meaning of “identification” involves the explication of the source of the product to consumers. While a product in general terms represents a physical offering, which can be easily modified, a place as a product is a large entity which contains various material and non-material elements to represent it (Florek, 2005). For example, a place includes tangible attributes such as historical sites or beaches as well as intangible characteristics such as culture, customs, and history. Because of the complex nature of a destination to be a brand, generalization of the identity is inevitable.Brand identity and imageBrand identity reflects the contribution of all brand elements to awareness and image (Keller, 1998, p. 166). It provides a direction, purpose, and meaning for the brand and is central to a brand‟s strategic vision and the driver of brand associations (Aaker, 1996). On the other hand, brand image can be defined as consumer perceptions of a brand as reflected by the brand associations held in consu mer‟s memory (Keller, 2008). To brand a destination, the sender (i.e., destination marketers) projects a destination brand identity through all the features and activities that differentiate the destination from other competing destinations. All the while, the receiver (i.e., a consumer) perceives the image of the place, which is formed and stored in their minds (Florek et al., 2006).Brand associationsbrand associations are classified into three major categories: attributes, benefits, and attitudes (Keller, 1993, 1998). According to Keller (1993, 1998), attributes are those descriptive features that characterize a brand. In other words, an attribute is what a consumer thinks the brand is or has to offer and what is involved with its purchase or consumption. The benefits that may occur are the personal value consumers associate with the brand attributes in the form of functional, symbolic, experiential attachments. That is, what consumers think the brand can do for them. Brand attitudes are consumers‟ overall evaluations of the brand and are the basis for consumerbehavior (e.g., brand choice).3<A multidimensional analysis of the information sources construct and its relevance for destination image formation>The images of a tourist destination often depend on information and contents generated by travelers, suppliers, and residents. This article analyzes the weight that different information sources exert in defining the overall information source construct. The authors adopt a multidimensional methodology; unlike prior research, this study considers the combined weight of various web platforms for determining the images of tourist destinations. Thus, in addition to integrating various explanatory models to detail how the images of a tourist destination form, this study adds web platform factors and thereby moves beyond the influences of traditional, offline sources of information. The results of a survey of 541 tourists and residents of Mallorca, according to different descriptive statistics and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, indicate that different websites, reflecting both supplier- and user generated content, exert important influences and combine to form an information source construct. Furthermore, users who publish tourist information online value web platforms that offer user-generated content when they seek information about a tourist destination for themselves. These findings in turn offer several managerial recommendations.4<China‟s Chairman Mao: A visual analysis of Hunan Pro vince online destination image>Chairman Mao Zedong, founder of the People‟s Republic of China, is the main attraction in Shaoshan Village, Hunan. The Great Helmsman was born here and his likeness lives on after him in the form of statues, portraits, and souvenirs. His legacy is commemorated at his childhood home and family shrine filled with markers, displays and artifacts. This paper describes how these representations of Mao work as a key element of the Hunan (湖南) Province online tourism destination image. The study was based on a compound content analysis-semiotic analysis method and a purposive sample of 995 photographs gathered from 257 websites. It was found that Mao-related photographic representations found online make up an interconnected and internally self-referential destination image of Hunan. The image combines intrinsic cultural value with commercial use value in ways that complement China‟s Green and Red Tourism policy. The control of this complex image is not, however, entirely in the hands of tourism marketers.Tourism Destination ImageDestination image theory in tourism research was originally used to describe an induced-organic image dualism (Gunn, 1972) that contrasted destination marketing against the experiences and perceptions of visitors. Recognizing that induced and organic image perspectives might be mutually independent, the theory was refined into a set of three constructs, including: 1) destination imagery as the topography of the touristic landscape and its material objects and experiences (Wolcott, 1995); 2) perceived destination image as the effect of individual or collective audiences‟ exposure to destination imagery; and 3) projected destination image as the purposive generation and packaging of imagery in print and electronic forms for marketing orcommentary (Gartner, 1994; Pritchard & Morgan, 2001).5<Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis>Extant literature is inconclusive on the linkage between destination image and tourist loyalty, due to the multi-dimensional nature of the two concepts. The present study attempts to draw some informative conclusions about the relationship through a meta-analysis. A research framework was proposed in which 14 hypotheses were developed. A total of 66 independent studies were synthesized and analyzed. The findings reveal that the impact of destination image on tourist loyalty is significant, with varying degrees. Specifically, overall image has the greatest impact on tourist loyalty, followed by affective image and cognitive image. Cognitive affective joint image fails to demonstrate a stable impact on tourist loyalty. Of the three levels of tourist loyalty, destination image has the greatest impact on composite loyalty, and then on attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty, successively. The findings are discussed in light of their theoretical and practical implications for destination marketing and management.Destination ImageCustomer LoyaltyCustomer loyalty has been defined in several ways (Jacoby & Kyner, 1973). The first definition of loyalty is attitudinal. Customers‟ beliefs about the value received lead to their overall attitude toward a product or service, such as the intention to repurchase (Fournier, 1994; Hawkins, Best, &Coney, 1989). The second defines loyalty as behaviors, including continued patronage and act of recommendation (Hughes,1991; Sönmez & Graefe,1998). An alternative conceptualization is the integration of the two views, which defines customer loyalty as the relationship between relative attitude and repeat patronage (Dick & Basu, 1994; Oliver, 1999).Tourist loyaltyTourist loyalty has been treated as an extension of customer loyalty in tourism setting (Backman & Crompton,1991; Baloglu, 2001); that is, if destination experience is considered as a product, tourists may choose to revisit or recommend it to friends and relatives (Yoon & Uysal, 2005). Specifically, tourist loyalty has been conceptualized in one of the following approaches: behavioral loyalty, attitudinal loyalty, and composite loyalty (Jacoby & Chestnut,1978). Behavioral loyalty focuses on the behavioral outcome such as repeat visits. This approach usually fails to disclose the anteceding factors that affect customer loyalty (Yoon & Uysal, 2005). Attitudinal loyalty refers to tourists‟ psychological expression such as intention to revisit a destination or recommend to other potential tourists. The composite or combined approach of loyalty suggests the integration of both attitude and behavior (Backman & Crompton, 1991; Iwaskaki & Havitz, 1998); that is, tourists who demonstrate behavioral loyalty toward particular destinations tend to have a positive attitude toward those destinations.At operational level, revisit intention and recommendations to others are the most commonly used measured for tourist loyalty (Alcañiz et al., 2009; Horng et al., 2012; Hung & Petrick, 2012; Oppermann, 2000). Repeat visitors represent a much desired market segment for many tourism products and destinations (Lau & McKercher, 2004). They tend to stay longer at a destination (Oppermann, 1998), spread positive word of mouth (Oppermann, 2000; Shoemaker & Lewis, 1999), and participate in consumptive activities more intensively (L ehto, O‟Leary, & Morrison, 2004). Repeat visitors are also cost-effective as they incur a much lower marketing costs than first-time visitors (Shoemaker & Lewis, 1999).6<Destination image as a mediator between perceived risks and revisit intention: A case of post-disaster Japan>Despite the significance of perceived travel risk and destination image, relatively few studies address the effect of perceived travel risks on the formation of destination image, and the mediating role of destination image. This study draws new insights by examining (1) the effects of perceived risks on destination image, and (2) the mediating role of destination image between perceived risks and revisit intention of repeat tourists to a risky destination. With perceived risk and destination image being empirically distinctive constructs, findings revealed that perceived socio-psychological and financial risks influenced both cognitive and affective destination images. Perceived physical risk did not have a significant influence on destination image, although it directly affected revisit intention. Additionally, destination image significantly mediated the relationships between two risks, namely, perceived sociopsychological and financial risks, and revisit intention. Several managerial implications concerning the management of risk perceptions and the promotion of risky destinations are discussed in this study.Perception of RiskPerception of risk is of paramount importance in tourists‟ decision-making process as it can alter rational decision-making pertaining to destination choice (Sönmez & Graefe, 1998a). Perceived risk is defined as consumer perception of the probability that an action may expose them to danger that can influence travel decisions if the perceived danger is deemed to be beyond anacceptable level (Mansfeld, 2006; Reichel et al., 2007). A certain level of probability can be attached to risk to determine probable loss (Stone & Grønhaug,1993). The perception of travel risks such as physical risk, psychological risk, financial risk, and health risk may arise from perceived potential loss as a result of natural disaster (Mansfeld, 2006), epidemics (Rittichainuwat & Chakraborty, 2009), terrorism (Sönmez & Graefe, 1998b), and political instability (Carter, 1998). Such perceptions may differ from reality (Roehl & Fesenmaier, 1992) as media plays a key role in forming consumers‟ risk perceptions through information dissemination of affected destinations.7<The contribution of website design to the generation of tourist destination image: The moderating effect of involvement>The question of how tourist destination image is generated is an issue of significant interest in the tourism management field. The present work analyzes the effect of the design of a tourist destination website, and the effect of the tourist's processing of information, on the destination image that the tourist creates. In order to achieve this objective, an experimental design was carried out, in which a destination website was specially created in order to manipulate message type and information overload. The results demonstrate that destination image is more positive when emotional messages are employed on the website and when the individual does not experience overload. The work also demonstrates the moderating role of involvement, in the effect of the factors manipulated in the study (message type and information-overload) on tourist destination image. The conclusions reached in this study hold some interesting implications for practitioners working in tourist destination management.Destination image8<The relationship between travel constraints and destination image: A case study of Brunei>This study evaluated the relationship between travel constraints and destination image of young travelers to Brunei. This study found a significant relationship between destination image and travel constraints during the early decision-making process. This study concluded travel constraints impact on the formation of destination image during the early decision-making process. Study results contribute to the body of knowledge in two areas. First, four dimensions of travel constraints and three dimensions of perceived destination image were identified. In addition to the 3-dimension hierarchal constraints (structural, intrapersonal, and interpersonal), a new constraint dimension (unfamiliar cultural constraints) was revealed. Second, this study confirmed the relationship between travel constraints and destination image. Relatively few studies address the role of travel constraints to the formation of destination image. This is the first study providingempirical evidence demonstrating Brunei‟s destination image and travel constraints impact young travelers during the early decision-making process.Travel ConstraintsPast research has shown participation in leisure activity, including travel, might be inhibited by constraints (Jackson, 1988, 1991). Leisure constraints and the benefits of leisure are the two basic factors that influence the travel decision-making process. The major constraints affecting travel are social, political, physical, financial, time, health, family stage, lack of interest, fear and safety, lack of transportation, companionship, overcrowding, distance, and limited information about potential destinations (Carneiro & Crompton, 2010; Jackson, 1988). As such, leisure constraints have been shown to prohibit participation in tourism activities (Um & Crompton, 1999).9<Tourists' opinions and their selection of tourism destination images: An affective and motivational evaluation>Image is an important component of tourism destination marketing because it influences tourists' behavior by stimulating multiple creative activities and experiences. Previous studies have shown that destination image formation affects travelers' thinking and feeling. Therefore, exploring the role of destination images is vital for the promotion of tourist destinations as holiday resources. We were interested in exploring the tourist's opinion in selecting touristic images used for promotional aims. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the affective and motivational factors with regard to a case-tourist destination, comparing two sets of images. The results showed that tourists considered the images in the first set to be stereotypical, while those in the second set evoked more affective and motivational attributes, increasing their desire to visit the represented places. The results of logistic regression analyses underlined that tourists are more influenced by the images in the second set. Finally, marketing implications are discussed.10<Visual destination images of Peru: Comparative content analysis of DMO and user-generated photography>With the arrival of new media and communication technologies in recent years, user-generated content (UGC) on the internet has increasingly been considered a credible form of word-of-mouth. Social media websites, such as Facebook, Flickr, and Panoramio, allow tourists to share their travel experiences with others by uploading travel photos online, an activity that has gained popularity among internet users. Unlike images created and projected by destination marketing organizations (DMOs), pictorial UGC reflects users‟ perceptions of a destination. This study compared images of Peru collected from a DMO‟s site and from Flickr, a photo-sharing website and identified statistical differences in several dimensions of these images. The study visualized these differences by constructing maps representing “aggregated” projected and perceived images of Peru, as well as maps of geographical distribution of the images.11<Destination images of non-visitors>This article provides much needed understanding of destination images held by non-visitors. Recognizing the characteristics of non-visitor images and their formation is important in order to understand images more widely. This qualitative study assesses images of London. The views of three hundred people in the Czech Republic who have never visited London were obtained via an innovative open-ended research instrument. The study showed that non-visitors imagine destinations through comparisons with their own experiences of places. Findings indicate that images can be very persistent and that the first images formed of a destination endure over time. Although the research is based on people with no direct experience of London, the research highlights that arrange of secondary …experiences‟ influence image formation.City ImageFor many urban researchers the city is best understood as an …imagined environment‟ even for those who experience that environment on a daily basis (e.g. Donald, 1999; Raban, 1974). As Pike(1996, p. 246) states, the city is itself ……by any definition, a social image‟‟. The very idea of …the city‟ has been created through practices, representations and the meanings that are generated by human cultures. According to Donald (1999, p. 8) ……the city is an abstraction which claims to identity what, if anything, is common to all cities‟‟. Therefore, it is impossible to e xamine city images without recognizing the importance of urban representations, particularly iconographic representations distributed via film, television and painting. Distinct from perspectives relating to the cognitive personal and psychological perception of the urban landscape, cultural analyses of place image emphasize the importance of mythic places, imaginary places, and places constructed through the production of discourse.12<Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An integrated approach>The purpose of this paper is to study the interrelationships among electronic word of mouth (eWOM), destination image, tourist attitude, and travel intention in the tourism industry. In addition, the paper examines the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on the research variables. A 10 min pen and paper questionnaire was distributed to international tourists in Isfahan through a nonprobability, convenience-sampling approach. Reliability and validity of the measurement scale were established through average variance extracted (A VE), Cronbach‟s alpha analyses, and intercorrelation analyses. A structural equation model (SEM) test with maximum likelihood estimation was performed to test the relationship among the research variables using 264 participants. In addition, the possible influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the research variables was analyzed using an ANOV A. The empirical results from the structural model suggest that: (1) eWOM positively influences the destination image, tourist attitude and travel intention; (2) destination image and tourist attitude have a significant relationship with intention to travel; (3) destination image positively affects tourist attitude, and (4) the socio-demographic characteristics influence using eWOM, destination image, tourist attitude, and travel intention. Implications and future research issues were discussed.Electronic word of mouthElectronic WOM (eWOM) communication refers to any positive or negative statement made by potential, actual, or former custo- mers about a product or company, which is made available to a multitude of people and institutions via the Internet (Litvin et al., 2008). eWOM is considered as an important information source influencing tourists‟ travel intention and choice of destination (Grewal, Cline & Davies, 2003; Soderlund & Rosengren, 2007; Ying & Chung, 2007; Yun & Good, 2007; Jalilvand & Samiei, 2012b, 2012c). Findings of recent studies show different effects of online reviews on the product/service sales. For instance, Chevalier and Mayzlin (2006) and Ye, Law, Gu, and Chen (2011) also indicated that online reviews have a significant impact on online sales. Since online traveler reviews are an important source of information to both travelers and tourism firms, researchers have attempted to analyze and understand online traveler reviews by sophisticated technolo- gies (Govers & Go, 2005; Ye, Law & Gu, 2009, Ye, Zhang & Law, 2009). Previous studies have shown that online travel reviews may influence the decisions of travelers (Vermeulen & Seegers, 2009).////Tourism has become increasingly dependent on image (Tasci & Gartner, 2007). Holidays are intangible products, which are concurrently produced and consumed and therefore cannot be evaluated beforehand (Lewis & Chambers, 2000; Mundt, 2000).Thus, image plays a major role in travel decisions and choice of destinations (Chen & Tsai, 2007; Nadeau, Heslop, O'Reilly, & Luk, 2008; Tasci & Gartner, 2007). Accordingly, the study of destination image has been a focus of tourism research for nearly four decades. While there is a relative abundance of research analyzing the image induced by the tourism industry's promotional materials (e.g., Gartner, 1989; S€onmez & Sirakaya, 2002) only a few of these studies have focused on the Internet (Lepp, Gibson, & Lane, 2011).。

论文翻译价格
根据目前一般的翻译市场价格，翻译一篇700字的论文的价格通常在200-300元之间。

价格的具体定价还取决于以下几个因素：
1. 翻译难度：论文涉及的专业知识、术语和理论复杂程度会影响价格。

如果论文的内容涉及到高度专业化的领域，翻译难度相对较高，价格也会相应提高。

2. 翻译语言对：不同语言之间的翻译难度也会影响价格。

例如，将英文翻译成中文或将中文翻译成英文相对较容易，而将一种非常不常见的语言翻译成另一种非常少有人掌握的语言则会更加困难，价格也会因此提高。

3. 翻译人员经验：翻译人员的经验和专业素养也是价格定价的重要因素。

经验丰富的翻译人员通常收费更高，因为他们具有更高的翻译质量和效率。

4. 交付时间：如果需要在紧迫的时间内完成翻译任务，通常价格也会相应上涨。

需要注意的是，以上价格仅为一般市场参考价，具体的价格还需要与翻译服务提供商进行商议以确定最终价格。

专心翻译，做到极致！译国译民笔译标准与价格信息流级（译国译民1.0标准）：120元/千中文字符数仅限于信息使用者个人阅读信息掌握，了解原文大致相同信息译文。

在信息爆炸的时代，信息分级与信息用途使用范围 翻译要素 翻译流程综合错译率个人信息阅读掌握个人或信息要点组织分享客户经理+项目专员+译员（B 级）译员翻译≤12‰信息交流级（译国译民2.0标准）：180元/千中文字符数限于企业事业单位等组织内部交流使用或外部非正式用途交流使用，译文与原文的思想完全相符，语信息用途使用范围 翻译要素 翻译流程 综合错译率组织内部交流，外部普通交流内部小范围交流使用，外部小范围普通交流使用客户经理+项目专员+译员（B+级）+CAT 技术+品质专员译员翻译+译员自检+CAT 技术机检+品质初审≤6‰ 标准信息级（译国译民3.0标准）：250元/千中文字符数标准信息：工业标准、学术标准、技术标准等，译后信息符合阅读者行业习惯，达到可生产、执行、信息用途 使用范围翻译要素 翻译流程 综合错译率工业生产、技术引进、学术交流、产品说明书、网站翻译组织内部、非公众出版、普通大众客户经理+项目专员+译员（A 级）+CAT 技术+品质专员译员翻译+译员自检+ CAT 技术机检+品质初审+审校老师专业二审≤3‰ 出版级（译国译民4.0标准）：400元/千中文字符数信息传播对象：大众、读者、专业人士等，符合信息使用国家的语言阅读习惯，术语统一，风格书面信息用途使用范围翻译要素 翻译流程 综合错译率出版、公众展示、印刷、媒体组织对外宣传、公众出版客户经理+项目专员+译员（高级）+CAT 技术+品质专员高级译员翻译+译员自检+ CAT 技术机检+品质初审+专家审校专业二审≤0.5‰。

【关键字】资料标题 50元千字英文资料翻译价格专业英文资料翻译价格翻译收费价格（样例）参考关键词翻译公司翻译报价英文资料翻译收费北京翻译公司报价上海翻译公司网站翻译合同翻译论文翻译文献翻译翻译收费标准可随意组合，但没发一条，标题不能一样必须填写联系方式，手机和qq正文工作室（加入我们网站，百度搜索第一个就是）-翻译报价50-70元千字（市场价格100左右，团队网络化运作，零成本，价格自然低）在线咨询QQ 6 TEL （有任何翻译方面的问题，可随时来电咨询）Email:工作室网站：福建省福州市仓山区建新上店41号9303室淘宝交易无数好评见证可靠品质！！价格是我们永远的优势！！！！最低价格支付宝担保交易，让你省钱又放心接受试译！！自信源于专业精诚工作室,让翻译成为平民服务！价格是我们永远的优势！！！！为什么我们收费这么便宜？网络化运作，相对于一般翻译公司，可以节约许多成本-经营费用、办公费用等。

其实翻译公司大多数都是接稿，再派发给兼职翻译人员去做，赚钱部分差价，因此客户的话费自然比较高。

因为合理有竞争力的和质量保证，我们已经积累了许多的客户，工作室已经取得了不错的发展。

我们会继续坚持低价保质的原则，以在市场上争取一席之地。

翻译资讯中新社伦敦8月6日电(记者张子扬)近日有媒体报道称，奥运会乒乓球女单决赛当值意大利籍主裁判班格丽已主动向中国选手丁宁道歉，“承认自己的判罚有失公正”，不过丁宁6日向记者回应说，“我没听到这样的消息，也没什么人向我道歉。

””当地时间8月1日下午，伦敦奥运会乒乓球女子单打决赛中，被裁判出示红牌的丁宁1：4不敌队友李晓霞，失去了完成“大满贯”的机会。

当天的比赛中，丁宁的发球遭到裁判的质疑。

第四局比赛进行到2：5时，丁宁的发球直接被判罚红牌。

该局比赛结束后，丁宁通过翻译与裁判交涉，试图找到判罚的理由。

丁宁回忆说，伦敦奥运会之前她一共准备了四套发球方案，其中三套都在比赛中被判违例。

20XX 专业合同封面COUNTRACT COVER甲方：XXX乙方：XXX2024年度学术论文发表与翻译合同本合同目录一览1. 学术论文发表1.1 论文提交时间1.2 论文审稿流程1.3 论文发表平台1.4 论文发表数量1.5 论文发表质量要求2. 翻译服务2.1 翻译范围2.2 翻译质量要求2.3 翻译完成时间2.4 翻译人员资质2.5 翻译费用支付3. 合同金额与支付方式3.1 合同金额3.2 支付方式3.3 支付时间3.4 发票开具4. 合同履行期限4.1 学术论文提交期限4.2 翻译完成期限5. 违约责任5.1 甲方违约5.2 乙方违约6. 争议解决方式6.1 协商解决6.2 调解解决6.3 仲裁解决6.4 法律诉讼7. 保密条款7.1 保密内容7.2 保密期限7.3 保密泄露责任8. 合同的生效、变更与解除8.1 合同生效条件8.2 合同变更8.3 合同解除9. 甲方权利与义务9.1 甲方权利9.2 甲方义务10. 乙方权利与义务10.1 乙方权利10.2 乙方义务11. 丙方权利与义务11.1 丙方权利11.2 丙方义务12. 不可抗力12.1 不可抗力事件12.2 不可抗力事件的后果处理13. 合同的附件13.1 附件一：学术论文摘要 13.2 附件二：翻译需求说明书13.3 附件三：支付凭证样式13.4 附件四：保密协议14. 其他条款14.1 通讯方式14.2 合同修改与补充14.3 合同解除后的权益处理14.4 法律适用14.5 合同签署日期第一部分：合同如下：第一条学术论文发表1.1 论文提交时间1.1.1 甲方应在合同签订后六个月内，向乙方提交学术论文全文。

1.1.2 乙方应在收到论文后的十五个工作日内完成审稿，并向甲方反馈审稿结果。

1.2 论文审稿流程1.2.1 乙方收到论文后，应按照既定的审稿流程进行审稿，确保审稿的公正、公平和高效。

1.2.2 乙方应在审稿结束后，向甲方提供审稿意见和修改建议。

翻译论文公司收费价格翻译论文公司收费价格精诚翻译震撼报价50-80元千字（市场价格100左右）找最便宜翻译就找精诚英语翻译公司让您省一半费用，可以网上搜索精诚翻译找到我们百字以内可免费翻译郑重承诺专业（无效退款）保密快速负责好消息-近期还有优惠恩，机会难得！《波特兰商业杂志》（俄勒冈）2021年12月2日星期二希尔斯伯勒航空出售西海岸最大的飞行学校撰稿人：Erik Siemers希尔斯伯勒一家飞行学校（美国西部最大）已由两家私人股本公司收购。

11月21日，希尔斯伯勒航空把其在希尔斯伯勒机场的业务出售给Renovus Capital Partners(一家资金总额为1.8亿美元，专注教育的私募股权基金)和Graycliff Partners（一家私人股本和投资公司，在纽约和巴西有办事处）。

该学校，拥有200名员工，现在的新名称为希尔斯伯勒航空学院，仍然由相同人员来管理。

希尔斯伯勒航空的所有者Max Lyons将保留其在该学校的少数股权，他表示该业务给他带来了将近一半的收入，但是对于收入总额，他拒绝透露。

这些业务的出售让他可以专注于他的两项其它核心业务：飞机销售/包机和服务。

该公司租赁用于灭火、搜索和救援行动、天然气勘探在其他用途的飞机。

Lyons将保留其公司90架飞机中的12架，但是飞行学校将保留设施。

正因为如此，Lyons表示他计划在波特兰空港上机场护栏网后面建设60000平方英尺的新大楼（45000平方英尺的设施），并在该公司拥有的土地上建设另一个15000平方英尺的设施。

对于新机库和飞行操作设备，波特兰空港委员会已经签署了35年租期，Lyons希望在2021年初建设完成。

Lyons在1998年首次加入希尔斯伯勒航空空，并在1992年接手管理。

“我们有16个利润中心和三个核心业务，而且发展的特别好，平均每年增长20%，” Lyons说。

出售“是让我生活变得简单，且可以专注这两个业务领域。

”飞行学校培训每年超过700名来自75个国家的学生。

论文翻译报价多少才合理
论文翻译的报价多少才合理呢?365翻译认为这与公司规模和经营情况有很大关系，下面我们来具体分析一下。

大型公司（推荐）：管理科学，服务流程完善，翻译经验丰富。

通常选择具有类似翻译经验的译员来完成论文翻译工作，专业词汇翻译准确，汉语/语基本功扎实，报价通常略高于市场平均价格。

中型公司（推荐）：在业务管理、客户服务上略逊于大型公司（由于员工稍少），译文质量通常没问题，服务价格基本与市场价格持平。

成长型/小型公司（慎重）：创业初期，译员和工作人员的数量普遍不多、专业能力参差不齐，论文翻译质量难以保证。

虽然这类翻译公司开价通常低于市场价格，但是在合作前一定要试译，了解其水平如何。

翻译工作室/事务所（不推荐）：规模比较小，一般擅长翻译一两个方面的翻译，比如证件翻译，不太适合论文翻译。

自由译员（慎重）：整体报价比较低，个人擅长领域和翻译水平不同，建议大家在选择前了解其专业能力、翻译经验、译稿速度。

365翻译建议大家选择大型或者中型的公司来进行论文翻译，虽然服务价格比较高，但是翻译质量最有保证。