2019最新高考英语考点强化过关(二十二)—定语从句(详解03)

2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习讲义定语从句定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。

2，代替先行词。

3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。

一般whom作为宾语。

4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

主要由形容词担任。

此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

（一）限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。

2而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。

定语从句知识梳理1. 定语从句的概念定语从句（也称形容词性从句），一个句子跟在一个名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。

2. 定语从句的关系词易错知识点1. 混淆that 和which 的用法that 和which 都是关系代词，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语。

一般来说，当先行词是物的时候，两者都可以用，但并不是都通用。

要注意一些只能用that 或者只能用which的特殊情况。

1.1 易错例题1This is the very book ________I've looked everywhere for.A. thatB. asC. whatD. which【陷阱】误选D。

认为A/D都正确。

【分析】最佳答案A。

本句是定语从句，先行词为the very book，切忌看到物就直接选which，要注意这里book前面有the very 修饰，关系词只能用that。

【点拨】只能用that的情况有：☆当先行词为：all，little，few，much，none 及some-，any-，no-，every- 与thing 所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。

如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.没有事情会阻止我们进步。

☆当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。

如：This is the only problem that we can't work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。

☆当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。

如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。

☆当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。

2019年高考英语定语从句真题汇编(名师精选全国真题+实战训练，建议下载练习)【定语从句真题演练】1. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when2. It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..A. asB. whereC. thatD. which3. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.A. whomB. whichC. themD. that4. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who5. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when6. China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which7. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______school education depends.A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which8. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.A.whoB. whichC. whenD. Where9. A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. why10. I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, ______ is quite unexpected.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it11. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work________ a good impression is a must.A. whichB. whenC. asD. where12. The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. WhenB. whereC. whyD. which13. I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescuea kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. why14. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ____ are family members.A．them B．that C．which D. whom15. _____is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As一、定语从句定义及相关术语1、定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。

考点22 关系副词引导的定语从句高考频度:★★★★★关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when，where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因（一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。

有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。

☞I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。

2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that.☞Is this the reason （that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where 引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。

☞The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed。

媒体经常能够帮助解决问题,把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况.关系代词和关系副词的选择用法依据根据从句谓语动词若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词则用关系副词.根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词。

1.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空）Self—driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are o n the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC。

which D。

when【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查定语从句。

高考英语新定语从句知识点知识点总复习(3)一、选择题1．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship.A．when B．where C．before D．until 2．Optimism is the essential ingredient of top performers,__________we assume separates the high achievers from the rest.A．as B．who C．which D．that3．The background music is such wonderful music _______ is played in the background to put you in a particular mood.A．what B．that C．as D．which4．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.A．them B．thatC．which D．whom5．Claims, if any, must be made within 30 days, _____ no claims will be accepted.A．without which B．for which C．during which D．after which6．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky.A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 7．Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately.A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which8．The beautiful dress _______ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers. A．that B．which C．in which D．wearing which 9．Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales. A．which B．that C．when D．where10．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect. A．as B．that C．where D．when11．In China, “mythical creatures” is used to describe troublesome schoolchildren ________ behaviors drive their parents crazy.A．whose B．when C．who D．of whom 12．Though it is 30 years_______we last met, I still remember the scene_______we got separated on a rainy day.A．before; where B．before; which C．since; when D．since; where 13．The Molalla High School has a wall of Post-it notes ________ students write kind messages for kids to take when they have a bad day.A．that B．which C．when D．where14．We won’t forget the heroes ________ lost their lives while fighting against a forest fire. A．who B．whose C．when D．why15．Car races are recorded and uploaded to YouTube and other video platforms, ______________ they can be viewed repeatedly.A．which B．where C．when D．there16．Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson.A．which B．when C．where D．who17．The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control.A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 18．You were very impolite to him, for _____ you should make an apology to him, I think. A．this B．which C．what D．that19．I shall never forget those years _______ I spent on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.A．when; who B．that; which C．which; that D．when; which 20．Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything _______makes a man".A．that B．which C．who D．不填21．There was a time _______, if a lady got onto a crowded bus or train, a gentleman would immediately stand up and offer her his seat.A．while B．as C．when D．unless 22．Eventually, the butterfly manages to reach the place____________ it will spend the winter. A．which B．when C．that D．where23．This is the last factory ________ he used to work at, many workers of _______ still have a good relationship with him.A．/; it B．which; whom C．/; which D．which; that 24．What surprised me was not what he said but the way _______ he said it.A．that B．in thatC．what D．where25．I saw a man shouting at a driver, ________ the car is blocking the street.A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．whom【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。

高考英语语法词汇专项突破：03-2定语从句强化训练50题(答案解析版)姓名：__________ 班级: _________ 限时：40分钟得分：____________养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

一、根据语境填上一个合适的词，使句意完整。

1.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to____ she could turn for help.答案与解析：whom。

题中包含短语“turn to sb. for help”，意思是“向某人求助”。

本句可以转换成：In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person （whom/ who/ that）she could turn to for help. 属于“介词+关系代词”结构。

句意是：在漆黑的大街上，连一个她可以求助的人都没有。

2.______ has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.答案与解析：As。

考查非限制性定语从句。

这是as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面的整个句子，关系代词as指代后面的主句的内容，在定语从句中as作主语，意思是“正如”。

句意：正如宣布的那样，下个月我们要举行期末考试。

3.There comes a time________ the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.答案与解析：when。

考点21 关系代词引导的定语从句高考频度：★★★★★【考点解读】定语从句在高考的基础知识方面的考查主要体现在单选题，语法填空及短文改错中，在单项选择中主要考查定语从句的一些基本用法，如常见关系词的选择，在选择的过程中，一定要注意限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，定语从句与名词性从句，及状语从句的引导词的区别等，有时也会与其他修饰性的句型结构之间进行误导性考查，如与强调句性等，所以重点掌握的是从高考题中总结规律，达到熟练应用。

【高考预测】定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/ when/where 的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。

在高考的中主要体现在语法填空，短文改错，完型填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。

考向一常见关系代词的基本用法1. that可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。

指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which。

不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。

2. which指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。

如：The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）3. who, whom, whose（1）who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人（2）whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人（3）whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。

译为：某人的，某物的（4）whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的)注意：①关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用 whom；表物用 which)②关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。