英汉翻译技巧——转换 翻译讲座
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OTS英译汉王蕙⏹一、翻译的标准及评分方式⏹二、翻译的难点⏹三、翻译的步骤—三步曲⏹四、英语、汉语两种语言句式上的差异⏹五、翻译的方法⏹六、翻译的考前准备一、翻译的标准及评分方式⏹1、翻译的标准信达雅忠实通顺文雅⏹2、翻译的评分方式按点给分二、翻译的难点⏹Each year in the United States more people are killed or injured in accidents—at home, at work or school, at play, or while traveling-than were killed or injured in the⏹Vietnam war.In the early 1990s, about half of these accidental deaths were the result of motor-vehicle accidents. Other major causes of accidental deaths were falls, fires, and poisoning. On a worldwide basis, accidents involving motor vehicles are the primary cause of accidental deaths, followed byaccidents in industry and in the home.Efforts to lessen or to eliminate thehazardous conditions that cause accidents are known as safety measures. Safety is a growing concern around the world, and safety skills are being taken more seriously today than ever before.People have come to realize that safety skills can be learned, and most safety experts agree that it is possible to predict, and take steps to prevent, themajority of accidents. Few accidents simply "happen".Most are caused by ignorance , carelessness, neglect , or lack of skill.翻译难点:⏹一、词汇(关键词和常用词组)⏹二、句型⏹1、复杂的名词结构(后置定语)⏹2、特殊句型(比较、否定)⏹3、代词的指代⏹4、长句的理解⏹三、语序三、翻译的步骤—三步曲⏹理解(全篇意思整句意思)⏹表达(理清语序准确表达)⏹核对(有无错译+有无漏译)四、英语、汉语两种语言句式上的差异英语汉语形合的语言(结构严谨)意合的语言(结构松散)前重心(核心词+修饰成分)后重心(修饰成分+核心词)动词的变化复杂(时态语态、非谓语动词)动词的变化简单多变化(多替代、多省略)多重复⏹1.It’s not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suitable to his interests and abilities .⏹2.He was admitted to the Party when he was at university .⏹3.Little does he care whether his parents live or die.⏹4.The issue related to the recent drop in the stock market will be discussed in this conference.⏹5.It’s essential that every child should have the same opportunity to have education . ⏹6.Great efforts should be made to inform young people of the dreadful consequences of taking up smoking .⏹7.A violent earthquake broke out in Los Angeles in 1994,causing 60 deaths. ⏹8. It is our duty to rebuild and defend our home and our land.⏹9. Ignoring a problem does not solve it .⏹10. Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their lines.五、翻译的方法⏹1、名词词组的翻译⏹2、动词时态语态、非谓语动词的翻译⏹3、从句的翻译⏹(1)名词性从句⏹(2)定语从句⏹(3)状语从句⏹4、特殊句型的翻译⏹5、长句的理解及翻译1、名词词组的翻译⏹1. We find that we have to deal with things like climate, solid, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations ...⏹2. My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.⏹3. National ecological security refers to the sustainability of the ecological environment for one country‘sexistence and development.⏹4.Effortsto lessen or to eliminate thehazardous conditions that cause accidents are known as safetymeasures.⏹5. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor .⏹6.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties .2、动词时态语态、非谓语动词的翻译⏹1.Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form to another. ⏹2. Safety is a growing concern around the world , and safety skills are being taken more seriously today than ever before .3. Various forms of “green farming”employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals .4. With socialists demanding an end to “wage slavery”and anarchists singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite, middle-of-the-roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison.3、从句的翻译(一) 名词性从句⏹宾语从句⏹表语从句⏹同位语从句⏹主语从句顺译法先译从句,再译主句先译主句,冒号后再译从句先译从句,再译主句常用句型同位语从句⏹1. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.⏹2. If you can wake up feeling well-rested, it will be an indication that you are starting to get an appropriate amount of sleep at night.主语从句⏹1. …it stands to reason that you may start to feel a little run down.⏹2. …, it is an undeniable fact that , on the whole, efforts to improve the environment have largely failed to match destructive forces working against them.常用主语从句句型⏹It is said that …据说⏹It must be pointed out that ……必须指出的是It is asserted that …可以肯定的是⏹It is supposed that …人们认为/假使It must be admitted that …必须承认的是It is reported that …据报道⏹It will be seen from …that …从…可以看出It has been proved that …已经证明It is generally believed that …人们普遍认为⏹It cannot be denied that …不可否认的是⏹It is well-known that…众所周知(二) 定语从句⏹1、限定性定语从句尽量前置,对应于汉语的“…的”⏹2、非限定性定语从句先译主句,再译从句。
!考试专栏!被动语态在英语中的使用极为广泛,尤其在科技英语中。
汉语中的被动结构则不那么常用,因为从习惯上讲,汉语中的“被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨”等字眼总给人不太舒服的感觉,因此在英译汉时,应本着约定俗成的原则,按汉语的习惯表达法,尽量将被动语态转换为主动结构。
请看下面这一典型译例:原文:Asoilisfounddeepinthegrounditspresencecannotbedeterminedbyastudyofthesurface.Consequently,ageologicalsurveyoftheundergroundrockstructuremustbecarriedout.Ifitisthoughtthattherocksinacertainareacontainoil,a“drillingrig”isassembled.Themostobviouspartofadrillingrigiscalled“aderrick”.Itisusedtoliftsectionsofpipe,whichareloweredintotheholemadebythedrill.Astheholeisbeingdrilled,asteelpipeispusheddowntopreventthesidesfromfallingin.Ifoilisstruckacoverisfirmlyfixedtothetopofthepipeandtheoilisallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvalves.译文:由于石油深埋地下,靠研究地面不能确定是否有石油。
因此必须对地下岩层结构进行地质勘探。
如果认为某地区的岩层含石油,则在该处安装“钻机”。
钻机中最显眼的部件叫做“井架”。
井架用来吊升分节油管,把油管往下放入由钻头打出的孔中。
钻孔过程中,放入钢管以防孔壁坍塌。
如钻探到石油,则在油管顶部紧固地加盖,让石油通过一系列阀门流出。
英译汉的方法和技巧
1. 哎呀,要做好英译汉,咱得先理解原文啊!就像你要了解一个人,得先知道他的性格一样。
比如说“Love me, love my dog”,可别直接翻成“爱我,爱我的狗”,得理解这是表示“爱屋及乌”呀!
2. 嘿,注意语境可重要啦!就好比说话要看场合,不同的地方说不同的话。
“How are you?”你总不能不管啥场景都翻成“怎么是你”吧!哈哈哈!
3. 哇塞,词性转换得掌握好呀!有时候英语的名词到了汉语可能就得变成动词咯。
像“She has a good command of English”,就得翻成“她精通英语”,这里“command”就从名词变成动词啦。
4. 哟呵,增减词也得会呢!不是所有词都非要直译的哦。
“as busy as a bee”,直接翻成“像蜜蜂一样忙”好像还差那么点意思,咱得加上“非常”,变成“像蜜蜂一样非常忙”才行。
5. 咦,文化差异得考虑到呀!英语和汉语的文化背景不一样,可不能乱翻。
“black tea”可不是黑茶,而是红茶呀!
6. 呐,拆分长句子有技巧哦!就像拆积木一样,得找到关键的连接点。
“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”,就可以拆成“我昨天买的那本书,非常有趣”。
7. 哈,翻译也得灵活应变呀!不能死脑筋。
“It rains cats and dogs”,总不能翻成“下猫和狗”吧,那得是“倾盆大雨”呀!
8. 嘿,多积累多练习可不能忘呀!只有这样才能越来越厉害。
就像学骑自行车,多骑骑就会啦!
我觉得呀,英译汉的方法和技巧都掌握了,那翻译起来就能又快又好啦!。
《英汉互译》教案与讲义教案章节一:英汉互译概述教学目标:1. 了解英汉互译的基本概念和原则。
2. 掌握英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。
3. 能够进行简单的英汉互译实践。
教学内容:1. 英汉互译的概念和定义。
2. 英汉互译的原则和标准。
3. 英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。
4. 英汉互译的实践案例分析。
教学活动:1. 引入英汉互译的概念和定义。
2. 讲解英汉互译的原则和标准。
3. 介绍英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。
4. 提供实践案例,让学生进行翻译练习。
教学评价:1. 学生能够回答英汉互译的概念和定义。
2. 学生能够理解英汉互译的原则和标准。
3. 学生能够掌握英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。
4. 学生能够进行简单的英汉互译实践。
教案章节二:词汇与翻译1. 了解词汇在英汉互译中的重要性。
2. 掌握英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。
3. 能够准确翻译词汇和短语。
教学内容:1. 词汇在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。
2. 英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。
3. 常见词汇和短语的翻译实例。
教学活动:1. 引入词汇在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。
2. 讲解英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。
3. 提供常见词汇和短语的翻译实例。
4. 让学生进行词汇翻译练习。
教学评价:1. 学生能够理解词汇在英汉互译中的重要性。
2. 学生能够掌握英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。
3. 学生能够准确翻译常见词汇和短语。
教案章节三:语法与翻译教学目标:1. 了解语法在英汉互译中的重要性。
2. 掌握英汉语法的差异和转换方法。
3. 能够正确翻译句子和段落。
1. 语法在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。
2. 英汉语法的差异和转换方法。
3. 常见语法错误的分析和纠正。
教学活动:1. 引入语法在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。
2. 讲解英汉语法的差异和转换方法。
3. 提供常见语法错误的分析和纠正。
4. 让学生进行句子和段落的翻译练习。
教学评价:1. 学生能够理解语法在英汉互译中的重要性。
2. 学生能够掌握英汉语法的差异和转换方法。
谈英汉两种语言的几种互译策略和技巧
英汉交流处于一种重要的语言状态,因此进行英汉互译时必须恰
当地开展,以达到良好的翻译效果。
主要从以下几个方面提出英汉互
译策略和技巧:
一、词汇层面
1. 同义替换:把英文单词替换成国内同义词翻译,以保证翻译的准确
性和语言概念表达正确。
2. 短语拆解:把一个英文单词或者短语拆解成多个汉语单词或短语,
以便更好地表达英文原文的含义。
3. 搭配复制:按照英文的表达,把原文的搭配模式复制到汉语译文中,确保表达意思准确无误。
二、句法层面
1. 句子重排:重新组合英文的句子,翻译成汉语的句子句法,保证汉
语句子传达的原意。
2. 并列句拆解,将并列句中的并列并用法,将同一并列句中的任何部
分拆解成独立的句子翻译。
3. 汉语结构匹配,根据汉语句型,对英语句子进行相应的结构调整,
以汉语的句法结构为主体进行翻译。
三、文化层面
1. 修辞技巧:用汉语的修辞技巧,来替换英语的修辞方式,以更好地传达原文文化内容。
2. 常用习语:以汉语习语为主体,替换英文套话,使汉语翻译更加地道自然。
3. 事物转换:把英文中涉及的某些事物与汉语中的事物相对应,以表达原文本意。
总之,进行英汉互译,在狭义上会集中关注文字表达,而在广义上则需要考虑文化内容,进行适当的调整才能协调不同语言的深层思想内容。
正是在此基础上,才能达到一种完美的翻译效果。
翻译技巧(转换)第六讲——英汉互译讲义三翻译技巧第二节转换Conversion一、名词的转换1.He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.他对总统声明为保住职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
评析:此句谓语动词为admires,其他用的是过去分词(stated)、动词性名词(decision)、不定式(to fight)和介词(for)。
汉语没有词性变化,但可以几个动词连用。
在本句中,“decision”转化成动词“决心”。
2.My admiration for him grew more.我对他越来越钦佩。
评析:“admiration”巧妙地和后面动词“grew more”结合在一起,转化成动词。
3.Indo-China is a drain on French resources.印度支那战争不断地消耗法国的资源。
评析:“drain”也只能译成“消耗”,否则无法成句。
4.The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries.直译:国际粮食的缺乏对科威特和其他不毛的沙漠国家产生了一种直接的影响。
改译一:由于世界普遍粮食缺乏,这就直接影响到科威特和其他不毛的沙漠国家。
改译二:全球性食品短缺现象直接影响了科威特等贫瘠的沙漠国家。
评析:直译按照原词性翻译显得僵硬,改译一变换了许多词的词性,把原来的主语部分变成了原因状语成分,使整个句子灵活。
改译二则只将“a direct impact on”动词化,显得更简洁。
5.It’s mighty to make him work Saturdays, when all the boys is having holiday, but he hates work more than anything else, and I’ve got to do some of duty by him, or I’ll be ruination of the child.要说星期六别的孩子都在过假日你让他干活儿很难倒还罢了,可他压根儿就恨透了干活儿,比什么都恨,我真的是看不过去,非尽些责任不可,要不我非把这孩子毁了不可。