上海市继光高级中学2014年高考英语新题型练习(冲刺精编) 04[ 高考]

上海市继光高级中学2014届高考英语新题型试卷(冲刺精编）I. Grammar（A)Nate suffered a （25)__________（shock) blow when he lost his job. His boss had spoken rudely，“Your services are no longer needed。

”Nate left the building （26）__________（fill）with despair. By the time he reached home，he was in deep depression. When he entered his house, he said to his wife Sophia, “I lost my job。

I am a complete failure.” A tense silence （27)__________（follow). Then a smile crept across Sophia's face。

“（28)__________ great news！” she responded。

“Now you can write the book you have always wanted to write。

”“But I have no job and no prospect of a job，”he objected, completely without hope。

“(29）______ ____ I struggle to be an author，then what will we live on？Where will the money come from？”Sophia took her husband by the hand and led him to the kitchen。

2014年上海高考英语试题及答案(清晰完整版)2014年上海高考英语试题及答案(清晰完整版)Part A: Reading Comprehension (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)Passage 1A: When Mangalyaan successfully entered the Mars orbit, India became the first country to achieve this on its first attempt. Scientists were thrilled with the success of the mission, which was proof of India's growing strength in space technology. Mangalyaan, or Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) as it's officially known, was launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) on November 5, 2013 and entered Mars orbit on September 24, 2014.B: The journey to Mars was not an easy one. The spacecraft traveled 420 million miles over a span of 300 days to reach its final destination. Mangalyaan had to overcome various challenges, including exposure to extreme radiation and the risk of failure during the intricate process of entering Mars' orbit. However, the mission was completed successfully, and Mangalyaan is currently conducting experiments to gather data on Mars' atmosphere and climate.C: India's successful mission to Mars is a significant achievement in the field of space exploration. It showcases India's technological prowess and its ability to compete with established space agencies such as NASA. The mission also brings hope to many other countries that aspire to explorespace and conduct scientific research beyond Earth. Mangalyaan has inspired scientists, engineers, and students around the world and has fuelled an increased interest in space exploration.1. What did Mangalyaan achieve?A. It completed experiments on Mars' atmosphere and climate.B. It became the first spacecraft to reach Mars.C. It successfully entered Mars' orbit on its first attempt.D. It traveled 420 million miles to reach Mars.2. What was the challenge Mangalyaan faced during its journey?A. Exposure to extreme radiation.B. Competing with established space agencies.C. Conducting experiments on Mars' atmosphere.D. Traveling a long distance.3. How does India's mission to Mars inspire others?A. It showcases India's technological prowess.B. It fuels interest in space exploration.C. It provides hope for other countries' space missions.D. All of the above.Passage 2In the future, driverless cars may become a common sight on our roads. These autonomous vehicles are capable of sensing their environment and navigating without human input. They use advanced sensors, machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence to analyze and interpret data from their surroundings.One of the main advantages of driverless cars is increased safety. Human errors and distractions are often the cause of accidents on the road. With autonomous vehicles, the risk of accidents due to human error is greatly reduced. These cars can react faster than humans and are not affected by fatigue, alcohol, or other factors that can impair driving abilities.Driverless cars also have the potential to improve traffic flow. They can communicate with each other and with road infrastructure, such as traffic lights, to optimize their movements. By avoiding unnecessary stops and maintaining a constant speed, driverless cars can reduce congestion and make the overall driving experience more efficient.Additionally, driverless cars have the potential to increase accessibility for people who are unable to drive or do not have access to private transportation. These vehicles can be programmed to accommodate individuals with disabilities and can provide a reliable means of transportation for those who are unable to drive themselves.4. What technology do driverless cars use to navigate their surroundings?A. Advanced sensors.B. Machine learning algorithms.C. Artificial intelligence.D. All of the above.5. Why are driverless cars considered safer than human-driven cars?A. They can react faster than humans.B. They are not affected by distractions.C. They eliminate the risk of human errors.D. All of the above.6. How can driverless cars improve traffic flow?A. By communicating with each other and with road infrastructure.B. By optimizing their movements to avoid unnecessary stops.C. By maintaining a constant speed.D. All of the above.7. What is one potential benefit of driverless cars for individuals who are unable to drive?A. Increased safety on the roads.B. Improved accessibility to transportation.C. Reduced traffic congestion.D. optimized driving experience.Passage 3In recent years, there has been a growing interest in sustainability and environmentally friendly practices. Many individuals and businesses aremaking efforts to reduce their carbon footprint and minimize their impact on the environment. One area where these efforts are being seen is in the fashion industry.Fast fashion, the production of cheap and disposable clothing, has been a major contributor to environmental degradation. The industry consumes vast amounts of water, energy, and natural resources, and also produces a significant amount of waste and pollution. However, a shift towards sustainable fashion is slowly gaining momentum.Sustainable fashion refers to the production and design of clothing that prioritizes environmental responsibility and social equity. It promotes the use of eco-friendly materials, such as organic cotton and recycled fibers, and encourages practices such as recycling, upcycling, and fair trade. Sustainable fashion also emphasizes the importance of transparency and ethical supply chains.Despite the challenges, there are promising signs of progress in the fashion industry. Various brands are adopting sustainable practices and offering eco-friendly alternatives to fast fashion. Consumers are becoming more conscious of the environmental impact of their clothing choices and are demanding more sustainable options. By supporting sustainable fashion, individuals can contribute to a more sustainable future and help drive positive change in the fashion industry.8. What is one of the negative impacts of the fast fashion industry?A. Increased consumption of natural resources.B. Environmental degradation.C. Waste and pollution.D. All of the above.9. What is the goal of sustainable fashion?A. Prioritizing environmental responsibility and social equity.B. Using eco-friendly materials.C. Encouraging recycling and upcycling.D. All of the above.10. What are consumers increasingly demanding in the fashion industry?A. Sustainable and eco-friendly options.B. Fast and disposable clothing.C. Ethical supply chains.D. Transparent production processes.11. How can individuals contribute to a more sustainable fashion industry?A. By supporting sustainable fashion brands.B. By choosing eco-friendly materials.C. By demanding transparency and ethical practices.D. All of the above.Passage 4The concept of Universal Basic Income (UBI) has gained traction in recent years as a possible solution to economic inequality. UBI is a system in which all citizens receive a regular, unconditional sum of money from the government, regardless of their employment status or income level. Proponents argue that UBI can help alleviate poverty, provide financial security, and promote equal opportunity.One of the main advantages of UBI is that it ensures a minimum standard of living for all individuals. It provides a safety net that guarantees basic needs can be met, regardless of fluctuations in the job market or personal circumstances. This can help reduce poverty and improve the overall well-being of society.UBI also has the potential to empower individuals to pursue their passions and take risks. With a guaranteed income, individuals may have more freedom to explore their interests, start businesses, or engage in creative endeavors without the fear of financial instability. This can lead to greater innovation and personal fulfillment.However, critics argue that UBI may disincentivize work or encourage dependency on the government. They suggest that providing unconditional income may reduce the motivation to seek employment or pursue educational and career opportunities. Additionally, implementing UBI on a large scale would require significant financial resources and could potentially lead to increased taxation.12. What is Universal Basic Income (UBI)?A. A system in which all citizens receive a regular sum of money from the government.B. A program to alleviate poverty.C. A method to promote equal opportunity.D. All of the above.13. How can UBI help reduce poverty?A. By ensuring a minimum standard of living for all individuals.B. By providing a safety net for basic needs.C. By improving the overall well-being of society.D. All of the above.14. What potential advantage does UBI offer to individuals?A. The freedom to pursue their passions and take risks.B. Financial stability.C. The ability to start businesses.D. All of the above.15. What is one criticism of UBI?A. It may discourage work.B. It could lead to increased taxation.C. It may create dependency on the government.D. All of the above.Part B: Non-Text Information (共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分)16.其中一段是2014年上海高考英语试题及答案。

上海高考英语区县学校同步练习试卷集（11）2014届上海英语高考新题型十月练习卷（本卷满分150分；完卷时间120分钟）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airport ticket counter. B. At a tourist agency.C. At a train station.D. At a bus terminal.2. A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient.C. Manager and office worker.D. Travel agent and customer.3. A. An art museum. B. A college campus.C. A beautiful park.D. An architectural exhibition.4. A. The bus was late. B. She forgot her class.C. She got up later than usual.D. Her clock went wrong.5. A. Hurry to the conference. B. Skip the conference.C. Take the subway.D. Take the bus.6. A. He thinks the book should include more information.B. He doesn’t think it necessary to provide the answers.C. The answers will be added in a later edition.D. The book does include the answers.7. A. She believes she’ll stay overnight. B. The cost was extremely high.C. The cost was unbelievably low.D. She believes the cost was reasonable.8. A. The woman has trouble getting along with the professor.B. The woman regrets having taken up much of the professor’s time.C. The woman knows the professor has been busy.D. The woman knows the professor has run into trouble.9. A. The weather is mild compared to the past years.B. They are having the coldest winter ever.C. The weather will soon get warmer.D. The weather may get even colder.10. A. Having confidence in her son. B. Teaching her son by herself.C. Asking the teacher for extra help.D. Telling her son not to worry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He ran a village shop. B. He worked on a farm.C. He was a gardener.D. He worked in an advertising agency.12. A. It was boring. B. It was colorful. C. It was stressful. D. It was peaceful.13. A. The crisis in his family life. B. His desire to start his own business.C. The decline in his health.D. His dream of living in the countryside.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Monitor students’ sleep patterns. B. Help students concentrate in class.C. Record students’ w eekly performance.D. Ask students to complete a sleep report.15. A. Declining health. B. Lack of attention. C. Loss of motivation. D. Improper behavior.16. A. They should make sure their children go to school regularly.B. They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment.C. They should help their children accomplish high-quality work.D. They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Joseph used to be a salesman. He 25 (work) 30 years for the same company and now he had to retire. As a sign of gratitude, the company held a dinner in 26 honor. “Joseph,”announced the boss, “it is my great honor 27 (present) a gift as a souvenir (纪念品) to you on behalf of the company.”Sam walked down to the front of the table and accepted 28 gift with pride. It was a gold watch and on it was written “To faithful Joseph for 30 years of service.” Joseph wept. “I am lost for words to describe 29 happy I am right now!”At home, Joseph showed his wife the watch. “For this you worked 30 years —a cheap gold-plated watch?” his wife asked, 30 (look) at the watch critically. “It’s the thought that really matters,” answered Joseph. “The important thing is that I am not working any more.” His wife held the gold watch to her ear and said, “31 is your watch.”(B)Human males living with their moms may not expect to have much luck hooking up this Valentine’s Day. 32 that isn’t the case with other species. Among the northern muriqui monkeys, males that spend the most time around their mothers seem to get an added boost 33 mating time rolls around.The findings, 34 (publish) in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, suggest that females in some species may have evolved to play a critical role 35 their sons’ reproductive success. Karen Strier, the paper’s lead author and a professor of anthropology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, says the paper “extends” the so-called grandmother hypothesis, a concept in which human females evolved to spend more time 36 (help) offspring (后代).The research team visited a protected reserve in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest37 team members observed and collected genetic data from a group of 67 wild monkeys. They found that six out of the 13 adult males they studied spent 38 (much) time in close proximity (接近) to their mothers than would be expected by chance. These same six monkeys, on average, sired (繁殖) the greatest number of offspring.The investigators 39 (puzzle) about the reason. “It’s not like we see moms intervening and helping their sons out,” Strier says. “Maybe they just get more familiar with other females.” Strier also found that there was no inbreeding among sons and their close female relatives,a process that might also be mediated by mothers.“Mating may be less random 40 their mothers’ influence is there,” she says.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Are organic foods more nutritious than conventionally raised ones? Stanford University scientists cast 41 on that concept last year in a widely publicized report. But the secret is that whether your apples and spinach are organic or not, nutrient levels can vary 42 depending on growing conditions, such as soil type and quality, temperature, and days of sun versus rain. As a consumer, you have no independent way of confirming that you have chosen a 43 batch (批次). But what if you had a handheld scanner that would allow you to check nutrient density? Professor Dan Kittredge, executive director of the Bionutrient Food Association, is 44 the funds to research such a device.The basic technology has existed for decades. NIR spectroscopy (光谱学) — the modality that Kittredge is currently focusing on —has found 45 in manufacturing, medicine, agriculture and astronomy. NIR works on the principle that different molecules (分子) vibrate in slightly different ways. When infrared light (红外线) is transmitted through or reflected from a 46 sample, certain wavelengths are absorbed more than others. By measuring the fraction of near-infrared light absorbed at each wavelength, scientists can obtain a 47 fingerprint that is characteristic of the sample. The results are precise — and fast.Until recently, NIR and related forms of vibrational spectroscopy were 48 to the laboratory, where they required large benchtop instruments that only skilled scientists could operate. Now, with miniaturization, they are being packaged in simple handheld devices that a worker without a Ph.D. in chemistry can use in a warehouse or in the field.Still, NIR has one major limitation as far as a supermarket scanner is concerned, which is that it cannot give an accurate 49 for compounds(化合物) at a concentration of less than 0.1 percent. To solve this problem, Kittredge is now working with others to run thousands of assays on key foods to establish the algorithms (算法) needed to develop a workable scanner since plants develop certain types of compounds in specific ratios (比例) to 50 minerals.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Some people think lost memories are impossible to regain, but, 51 , that is not true. A new research reveals that even facts “forgotten” by people during a busy day may be retrieved if this is followed by a good night’s sleep.In the study, researchers from the University of Chicago asked 52 to remember simple words. Researchers, writing in the journal Nature, said the brain could “rescue”lost memories during the night. Many found their memories 53 towards the end of the day, but the following morning, as the experiment has shown, those who had had a 54 sleep could recall much more.The 12 people tested in the experiment were played words created through a speech synthesizer (合成器) which were purposely 55 to understand. Initially, the written version of the word was available, but afterwards the volunteers were asked to identify the word from the 56 version only. Tests revealed that as the day ended the ability to recall the right word tended to tail off. But in 57 , when the volunteers were retested after a good night’s sleep, they were able to recall some words that they had “forgotten” the previous evening.Dr Daniel, one of the study authors, explained, “When the brain is first asked to remember something, that memory is laid down in an ‘unstable’ state, meaning that it is possible that it could be 58 . At some point, the brain consolidates(巩固) important things into a 59 state. However, it was possible for a “stable” memory to be made “unstable” again. This would mean that memories could be modified then filed away again 60 new experiences.”“But, according to the experiment results, sleep consolidates memories and 61 them against subsequent interference or decay(衰退),”he added. “62 , sleep also appears to ‘recover’ or restore memories. If performance is reduced by decay, sleep might actively recover what has been lost.”Dr Karim Nader, from the Department of Psychology in McGill University in Montreal, said: “Memory research is undergoing a 63 — no longer is memory thought to be a hard-wiring of the brain. 64 , it seems to be a process of storage and clearance. Sleep helps some memories ‘mature’ and also 65 other unimportant memories.”51. A. probably B. actually C. suddenly D. generally52. A. volunteers B. sleepers C. scholars D. authors53. A. putting them off B. turning them down C. getting them over D. letting them down54. A. long B. restless C. sound D. light55. A. complicated B. simple C. easy D. designed56. A. printed B. audio C. copied D. sight57. A. reality B. contrast C. trouble D. depth58. A. employed B. regained C. altered D. lost59. A. lasting B. limited C. dangerous D. critical60. A. in memory of B. in terms of C. in face of D. in pursuit of61. A. protects B. facilitates C. declares D. measures62. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Otherwise63. A. transmission B. transformation C. transplant D. transportation64. A. In other words B. Instead C. At the same time D. In one word65. A. corrects B. stores C. releases D. deletesSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.When I boarded an Amtrak train this summer, I had no idea what kind of ride I was in for.Upon arrival at my home stop, I realized that my mobile phone was missing. I still had hope, though. A free service can use GPS information to locate lost phones on a map. After a couple of days, the service e-mailed me with a map revealed it to be at a house in Seat Pleasant, Md.But how was I going to retrieve a phone five states away? On a whim, I posted a note to my blog followers about my lost phone. And I included a map showing the green locator dot over a satellite image of a nondescript house.It did pay off. Using the address, local police got involved. The homeowner confessed to stealing the phone — no doubt baffled as to how the police had known exactly how to find him. And a day later I had the phone back.But, to my surprise, not everyone is as happy as I am. Lots of people were disturbed by the affair. They saw my posting the thief’s address as ____________________.My initial thought was: “Are they expressing sympathy for the thief? When you steal something, don’t you risk giving up some rights? How was my blog post any different from the “wanted” posters of suspects’ photographs that still hang in post offices?”Of course, the difference in this case is that I, not law enforcement, posted the map and began the chase. Does that constitute a breach of the thief’s rights?Those are tricky questions. Even when the government or law-enforcement agencies want to get cell location information, the law is not always clear-cut. Sometimes the police require a warrant (许可证) to obtain such information from cell phone companies; in other instances, they do not. In my case, there’s not even much law to guide us. Yet combining the powers of geotracking and social networking seemed such an obvious tactic that, at the time, I hardly gave it a second thought.In the end, maybe what society really needs is an app called Find My Moral Compass.66.To get his phone back, the author _____.A. turned to the police for help directlyB. posted the image of his phone onlineC. used a service known as geotrackingD. asked the followers to contact the thief67.Which of the following is most likely the missing part in Paragraph 5?A. a dishonest way of revengeB. an unpleasant violation of privacyC. a demonstration of modern technologyD. a misinterpretation of the law68.The underlined word “clear-cut” in Paragraph 8 probably means _____.A. definiteB. cut throughC. understandableD. unacceptable69.Which of the following statements FAILS to describe author’s thoughts?A. Before the journey he never thought his phone could be lost.B. He never thought that his phone could be regained.C. He never thought that people would disagree on his way of getting the phone back.D. He originally thought it to be ridiculous to highlight the rights of the thieves.It was a horrible feeling; I was having a heart attack. Now I ’m exercising, watching my diet, and trust my heart to Lipitor70.LIPITOR is a medicine _____.A. specially designed for young kidsB. to cure serious liver problemsC. for mothers-to-be to lower cholesterolD. that can lower the risk for heart attack71.Which of the following is most likely to be a bad sign for LIPITOR takers?A. Drinking alcohol twice a day.B. Changes in medical tests.C. Discomfort and ache in muscles.D. Feeling tired after a day’s work.72.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. LIPITOR should never be taken with other food at the same time.B. Skipping is the best choice for those who have missed one dose.C. People can consult the professionals for details of the medicine.D. Recommendation is encouraged if one feels LIPITOR to be good.(C)Therapists have long known that men and women experience their blues differently. Yet when clinicians designed the guidebook they use to diagnose(诊断) psychiatric maladies, they made the descriptions gender-neutral. Today, evidence is mounting that in turning a blind eye to gender, they are actually doing their patients a disservice. As more researchers investigate sex differences in depression, the inescapable conclusion is that gender influences every aspect of these disorders.More recently, researchers have started to study the deeper dissimilarities. Perhaps the most important of these, and the one most frequently misunderstood by people of both genders, is the difference in symptoms expressed by women and men. For women, the primary emotion of depression is usually sadness. For men, it is more typically anger or irritability, often coupled with recklessness (不顾一切). As a result, many women and men, including depressed men, mistake male depression for general frustration and restlessness rather than a serious disorder in desperate need of intervention. Depressed men are also much less likely to seek help than depressed women, and they are much more likely to hurt themselves.The big question is whether the variations are a matter of nature or nurture(后天养育). Some researchers believe the brain chemistry of depression is the same in men and women but that social norms do not let men express sadness, so they often have difficulty articulating their symptoms. “They’ll say, ‘I’m not getting as much done,’ or ‘I keep getting into fights with my girlfriend,’ rather than ‘I’m sad,’” says Sam Cochran, director of counseling at the University of Iowa. “But once we get past that, the symptoms are pretty much the same as for the female patients.”Cochran and others who emphasize the importance of cultural influences are increasingly in the minority. An ever growing body of evidence suggests that biology sets men and women apart in ways that have real consequences for mood and behavior. Not surprisingly, these differences emerge from the very substances that define gender in the first place: sex hormones (激素).Understanding the effects of these hormones on the brain may be the only way to make sure that every depressed patient gets the right treatment. The biochemistry of sex hormones in the brain, however, is difficult to study because the hormones themselves are hard to measure and their effects are so widespread. But the evidence is strong for a primary role in gross brain physiology. The male brain tends to be larger than the female brain and matures more slowly. Although scientists have not yet pinpointed the mechanism behind the delay, animal research has shown that one main component(组成部分) of the male hormones can increase brain size by stimulating the production of a protein that contributes to neuron(神经元) development. The additional growth may mean that the male brain needs more time to reach full maturity.73.What did the author say of the action of describing the symptoms gender-neutral?A. It is quite reasonable for the clinicians to make it gender-neutral.B. Clinicians are unaware of the different responses male and female make.C. Therapists should have made the real conditions known to the public.D. It is better if patients could learn the truth from the researchers.74.According to the passage, when it comes to depression, men _____.A. would share his own sorrows with his friendsB. actually call for immediate help from othersC. are less likely to express his anger than womenD. are mistaken because of their frustration75.For those believing in nurture theory, men would have these responses because _____.A. men are normally expected to be stronger than women areB. sex hormones have a bigger impact on men than on womenC. men are less likely to be influenced by traditional beliefsD. men’s shyness prevent themselves from expressing their emotions76.Which of the following is TRUE according to the last two paragraphs?A. More scientists believe it is nurture that leads to the variations in symptoms.B. Different elements of sex hormones may result in different depression symptoms.C. It takes men far more time to get matured than women.D. Scientists did experiments on animal reactions because it was hard to measure hormones.77.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Sex matters in understanding depression reactionsB. How different people suffer from depressionC. Reasons for our bluesD. Different theories in explaining depression symptomsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.In a few years you will be able to order a transcript of your entire genetic code for less than $1,000. Adults cannot do much to alter their biological lot, but what if parents could examine their unborn child’s genome? Two different university laboratories have developed tests that will reveal the entirety of a baby’s genetic code using just a blood sample from the mother plus a drop of saliva (唾液) from the father.Prenatal (出生前的) whole-genome sequencing will provide volumes of information beyond the currently available tests exclusively for genetic disorders such as Down’s syndrome or Tay-Sachs disease. The three billion units of code furnished in the new tests will also dwarf the relative trickle(零散) of information provided by consumer gene-testing services such as 23andMe, which currently look only at perhaps about one million locations in the genome.Attitudes toward child rearing might change along with the new technology. Without careful planning, the new prenatal genetics might rob a child of the chance to make decisions best left until adulthood —whether or not to learn, for instance, if a mutation(突变) predicts the inevitability of Huntington’s disease 20 years hence.Another fear is that a customer without conferring with a genetics counselor can receive information via the Internet about a multifold greater risk of breast cancer. Similar laissez-faire action to prenatal whole-genome testing could portend (预示) tragedy.Ultimately certain agency will need to develop a comprehensive policy on prenatal whole-genome testing. Bioethics scholars wrote an analysis last summer that calls on the medical community to develop a guide to the most relevant genomic data for future parents. Unfortunately, there aren’t nearly enough trained genetics counselors to handle the coming upsurge in demand for this type of information. Without access to a much higher level of refined expertise, the secrets of our off spring’s genetic code will continue to remain an unnerving cipher — or worse.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78.__________ is / are needed to complete a prenatal whole-genome testing.79.In which two ways is the new testing better than the current one?80.Under the influence of the new testing, when will decisions concerning the child be probablymade according to the passage?81.“Similar laissez-faire action to the testing” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to __________.2014届上海英语区县学校同步练习试卷集2第II 卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 他来参加你的生日聚会让你很惊喜，是吗？(surprise) 2. 人们排队等着打电话的日子一去不复返。

上海市继光高级中学2014届高考英语新题型试卷（冲刺精编）I. Grammar(A)IPad apps for babies are flooding the market. Developers say the apps are educational, and busy parents know that a digital babysitter (25)__________ buy them a few minutes of valuable time. But is the iPad a healthy thing for young kids?As (26)__________(report) by Healthland, the American Academy of Pediatrics(儿科) (AAP) has advised parents again (27)__________(eliminate) screen time for children under two, with concerns about language delays and disrupted s leep. The academy’s new report drew on studies (28)__________(show) that TV, whether it’s the parent or the child watching, interferes(干扰) with “talk time” between parent and child, (29)___ _______is crucial to language development.Does the TV effect appl y to iPads too? That’s not clear. “We just don’t have the data yet,” says Dr. Ari Brown, a pediatrician and member of the AAP.Perhaps (30)__________ depends on how you’re using it. Tablets used like a TV should fall under the same guidelines, says Tanya Altmann, a Los Angeles-based pediatrician and author of the best-selling parenting book Mommy Calls. However, she doesn’t rule out the possibility (31)__________ interactive apps may have some value for toddlers. “In some ways, applications are just (32)__________(new) versions of the game that we used to play when we were kids -- you tap the cow and it says ‘moo,’” she says.(B)Steve Jobs didn’t think that technology alone could fix what causes American education difficulties. Tha t’s worth (33)__________(remember) in the wake of last week’s breathless coverage of Apple’s new iBooks platform, (34)__________ the company promises will radically change (35)__________ students use and experience textbooks. Under Apple’s plan, companies and individuals will be able to self-publish textbooks, ideally (36)__________(create) a wider range of content. Students will be able to download and use these books on their iPad much (37)__________ they would use a regular textbook -- including highlighting passages, making notes and pulling out passages or chapters that are especially important to them. Apple says it also plans to cap(限制) the price of textbooks available through iBooks (38)__________ $14.99, a significant departure from the price of many textbooks now.Critics were quick to comment that Apple wasn’t being revolutionary enough. Former school superintendent(监管人) and current ed-tech investor Tom Vander Ark (39)__________(scold) Apple for not thinking past textbooks, which he considers hopelessly 20th century. Others worried that Apple’s real goal wasn’t to open up the textbook industry but (40)__________(control) it and profit from it through restrictive licensing agreements and a platform that dominates the market. I’m sure the for-profit company’s shareholders will be horrified at that news.II. VocabularyThe study of translation of advertising texts from the perspective of cultural elements involved is of great value and practical significance. Advertising is not only an economic activity but also a kind of cultural communication which (41)__________ people’s lifestyle and consumption habits. The rapid growth of international advertising has been introducing new ideas and culture as well as new commodities and services. Clearly, advertising culture is (42)_______ ___, commercial, national and fashionable. Therefore, a custom, belief or value, in a certain (43)__________, controls the thought and behavior of commercial traders and consumers, thus (44)_______ ___ advertising activities.The translation of advertising texts is different from that of literature or scientific papers in that the former focuses on economy and culture. Advertisements are not created in a cultural void(真空). The language used in an advertisement is not a direct (45)__________ of the culture, but a sign system used to communicate in that culture. Signs and symbols (46)__________ to a specific culture add to the meaning in advertisements. Behavior, custom, habits, (47)__________ and norms form the basis of a culture, and differentiate one culture from another on that basis.A problem (48)__________ when advertisements created in one culture are translated for use in another culture. It does not merely mean to find linguistic(语言学的) equivalents in the target language. It also means that a different social frame of reference has to be recreated in the target culture. thus, (49)__________ strategies(策略) have to be found to deal with cultural aspects when (50)__________ advertisements from one culture into another.III. Translation1.如果遇到火警，千万要冷静，并跟随保安前往安全地带。

广东省语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

SHANGHAI: Plans for a tall tower at the renowned West Lake scenic spot that were shelved(搁置) two years ago for exceeding the height limit were recently brought up again —with the building’s d esign still taller __1__ is allowed.The latest blueprint for the property，__2__ display in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, shows a 48-meter tower that will contain __3__ five-star hotel boasting views of the lake. This replaces the 85-meter building __4__(propose) two years ago.But the new tower still exceeds the height limit of 25 meters as dictated in Hangzhou’ s plan for buildings within the West Lake scenic spot，__5__ was developed to “better protect the landscape and flavor of the world-famou s scenic site”．The developer, Kerry Property, declined __6__ (comment) yesterday.Staff from Hangzhou’s municipal urban planning bureau said __7__ had not received any __8__(apply) from the developer, which means the project has not yet been approved by the authorities.“The newly proposed height is still too high for the West Lake area. The developer should take the interests of the whole region __9__ consideration，” Zhou Fuduo, a city-planning professor from Zhejiang University, was quoted as saying by Xinhua.The developer said the additional stories_ _10__ (need) to make more profits, he said.广东省语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

高中英语真题:2014高考英语阅读理解全程冲刺训练（12）及答案阅读理解EDGEWOOD—Every morning at , customers pour into a special experiment :t he district’s first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs.Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes, C appuccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, during the first period, t eachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries.By closing time at 9.20 a.m. , the shop usually sells 90drinks.“whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schwartzman says it was good,”Christy McKinley , a second year student , announced recentl y, after hanging up with the teacher.The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Tra nsition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many a re, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school. They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to de al with their affairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks, which they keep in check registers.Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced th e Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in .Not that it was easy. Chevalier’s first problem to overcome was pr oduct-related. Should schools be selling coffee? What about sugar co ntent?Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use non-fat milk, fell within nutrition（营养）guidelines.The whole school has joined in to help.Teachers agreed to give up their lounge(休息室)in the morning. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks. The bask etball team helped pay for cups.( ) 1.What is the text mainly about？A. A best-selling coffee.B. A special educational program.C. Government support for schools.D. A new type of teacher-student relationship.( ) 2.The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to .A. raise money for school affairsB. do some research on nutritionC. develop students’ practical skillsD. supply teachers with drinks( ) 3.How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schwartzman’s opinio n of the chi tea？A. She met her in the shop.B. She heard her telling others.C. She talked to her on the phone.D .She went to her office to deliver the tea.( ) 4.We know from the text that Ginger Gray .A. manages the Dixie PIT program inB. sees that the drinks meet health standardsC. teaches atD. owns the school’s coffee shopB篇1.选B。

上海市继光高级中学2014届高考英语新题型试卷（冲刺精编）I. Grammar(A)Do you find the American education system confusing and different from the education system in your own country？Do you want to attend a university in the USA? A USA high school？A USA graduate school？The American education system offers international students the most diverse set of options in the world. In fact，an international student （25)__________ chooses to take advantage of the American education system can pursue anything from nuclear science to film and dance。

The possibilities are almost endless！The American education system requires （26）__________ students complete 12 years of primary and secondary education prior to （27）__________(attend) university or college。

This may be accomplished either at public (or government—operated）schools, or at private schools. These 12 years of schooling （or their equivalent）may also be completed outside the USA，thus giving foreign students the opportunity (28)___ _______（pursue）the benefits of the American education system and obtain a quality American education. Perhaps one of the most impressive facts is (29）__________ large number of presidents，prime ministers and leaders from other countries who (30）__________(experience) the American education system and graduated from a university or school inthe USA。

2014年高考英语学科新课标卷新题型（英语知识运用第二节）专项训练阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于三个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

A. 对话体1)W: Hello, Thomas Brothers.M: Hello, ___1___ is Mike Landon here. Is Jack Cooper there ___2___ any chance? W: I am afraid not, he is ___3___ for a day or two, back on, let’s see, Monday morning.M: Oh, well, perhaps I can leave a message for him.W:Yes, of course, just a minute. Now, let’s see, to Jack Cooper from Mike London. M: No, Landon, L-a-n-d-o-n.W: Sorry, yes, ___4___ (get) that, and what’s the message?M: Well ___5___ is just this: ___6___ he come to a meeting on Monday afternoon at 5:00 pm?W:That’s this ___7___ (come) Monday, October 12th ?M:Right, it’s ___8___ (discuss) the new factory in France.W:Fine, I’ve got that. I ___9___ (see) that he gets it as ___10___ as he comes in on Monday.M: Good, thank you, goodbye.2)M: The service is really slow here. I ha ve been trying to get the waiter’s attention for the last ten minutes.W: I hope he takes our ___1___ soon. ___2___ I’ll be late for my class at two o’clock.M: Me,too. I have a class at 2 as ___3___ .W: I’ve noticed you have a math book. Do you like the summer school here?M: It’s pretty good. I think I’ve learned a lot.W: Yeah, I only wish the class ___4___ (be) a little ___5___ (small), but I like my teachers a lot. They are very kind and patient.M: I see. By the way, may I ask ___6___ you come from?W:I’m from Boston. How about you?M: I’m from Washington DC. I’m only ___7___ (stay) here for three more weeks. Then I’ll go to Columbia University in New Yo rk.W: Oh, ___8___ comes the waiter. ___9___ seems we are going to get ___10___ (serve) after all.M: Good, I’m starving.3)W: David, we all know you took up skateboarding at ten, but did your parents support you?M: Yeah, my parents even let me skate in the house.W: Did they?M: Yeah! They were pretty cool.W: How about your school work?M: That was fine. I was able to get my school work ___1___ (do) with good grades.My only problem was that I had ___2___ much physical energy that I ___3___ not sit still in class. Then some teachers started taking my skateboard away.W: That couldn’t stop you from ___4___ (skate)?M: No way! The cool thing was ___5___ my parents managed to find me a different school. The headmaster there was wonderful. He let us plan our ___6___ PE classes. So guess what class I ___7___ (create)?W: Skateboarding …M: You got ___8___ . That was my PE class. By that time I was turning professional and started showing off some techniques at competitions.W: Is that ___9___ your new style became famous?M: Yeah. Other skaters had this smooth flowing style, but I was kind of like a robot, always ___10___ (come) up with new tricks.4)M: Hi, mom.W: There you are. I’m getting worrie d. It’s so late.M: Yes. I ___1___ (run) into Linda and we went to a pub. She told me a funny thing. W: Oh? What was that?M: Well, she was driving home ___2___ work, and she suddenly saw an old lady on her hands and knees in the middle of the road.W: Really?M: Yes, Linda was so ___3___ (shock) that she stopped suddenly and the car behind ___4___ (crash) into ___5___.W: ___6___ (be) she hurt?M: No.W: And what was the old lady doing?M: I am just coming to that. So Linda got out of her car and saw the old lady pick up something and ___7___ (walk) away.W: Lucky indeed. Linda didn’t run her over.M: Then a policeman came.But he didn’t believe what Linda said.W: Well…M: ___8___ there was a witness, a man ___9___ (wait) for a bus. He saw it all. Guess what the old lady was doing?W: I haven’t the ___10___ (slight) idea.M: She was looking for her gold tooth.W: A gold tooth?M: Yes, it fell out as she was crossing the road. The witness heard her saying, “Oh, my gold tooth…”5)M: What ___1___ we do this weekend?W: Did you have something special in mind?M: No, not really. I just ___2___ (think) that ___3___ might be fun to do something new.W: Do something for ___4___ change, you mean?M: Yes, something different.W: I usually go ___5___ (shop) and have my hair ___6___ (do) during the weekend. And you usually watch the football game on TV.M: Yes. You often have tea with your friends and I sometimes play cards with my friends. We seldom do anything together. It’s quite unlike___7___ we were first married.W: Now, I’ve got an idea! Autumn is the___8___ (good) season in Beijing. Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend? You’ll invite your friends and I’ll invite ___9___ . We’ll go together.M: Good idea! I will see about the car and you will prepare the food. ___10___ are you sure you really want all our friends to come along?6)W: Do you have ___1___ time, Alfred?M: It’s 7：20.W: We are ___2___(early) than expected. The film starts at 7: 30. Let’s have something to drink.M: That’s a good idea.W: Something ___3___ (smell) good.M: Right, that’s popcorn. ___4___ you like some popcorn?W: Yes, I’d love some. Do you know ___5___ invented popcorn?M: ___6___ is said that popcorn is a delicacy that was developed by the Indians of North America.W: When did they invent it?M: It has been dated back thousands of years.W: I see.M: Do you know that the Indians were not only eating popcorn, but they also used popcorn in head-dresses, necklaces and in religious ___7___ (ceremony)?W: Yes, we have seen these in some films and according to most sources, a deerskin bag full of popcorn was served at the first Thanksgiving dinner at Plymouth Rock in 1621.M: You know popcorn’s popularity ___8___(grow) during the Depression of the1930s, ___9___ people realized that a little popcorn could go a long way. But its success was clinched when movie theatres across the continent started serving the snack. By 1947, 85 percent of movie houses were selling popcorn at their concession stands.W: Oh, the movie’s ___10___ to st art, let’s go.7)W: Excuse me, have you seen a dog on this path? I’ve lost my dog and I wondered ___1___ you’d seen him ___2___ (run).M: You’ve lost your dog? Oh, what a shame! No, I’m sorry I haven’t seen ___3___ dog, but I’ll look for him. What does he look ___4___?W: He’s a black-and-white dog. He looks a bit like a sheepdog. His name’s Jack. I always take a run around this lake at this time and I bring Jack with me. He ___5___ (love) the exercise. Of course he goes ahead sometimes, ___6___ he always waits for me. Today he’s ___7___ (disappear). I can’t find him ___8___ .M: Do you always walk along the ___9___ path around the lake?W: Yes, I go north this way around the lake and then I go back from the south way. The dog knows the path very well.M: He ___10___ be here somewhere. I’ll look out for hi m. I hope you can find him. W: Thank you.8）W: Good morning, Sir. Can you help me?M: What’s wrong?W: My daughter is missing. I can’t find her ___1___ .M: OK, calm down. I’m going to help you to find her. How long ago ___2___ she go missing?W: About one hour ago. At 4 o’clock, perhaps. I ___3___ (look)for her for almost an hour now.M: And where did you last see her?W:We ___4___ (be) just shopping in the vegetable section. I turned around and she was ___5___ (go).M: What’s her name?W: Melissa. M-E-L-I-S-S-A. She’s only five. She doesn’t speak Spanish.M: OK. What does she look ___6___ ?W: She has dark brown hair. She’s thin and small for her age.M: OK. What is she wearing today?W: Blue shorts and a pink T-shirt. She has a hat on too, I think.M: Don’t worry. ___7___ is going to be OK.W: What should I do?M: Stay right at ___8___ front of the store ___9___ she is looking for you. We will start ___10___ (look) for her now.9)M:I’m sure you’ve n oticed a lot of things that are different ___1___ our school.W:Oh, yes. In the United States, we don’t have to carry a big school bag with us like you do.M: ___2___ is that?W:We have a locker of our ___3___ which is a small box with a lock. We keep textbooks and our personal things in it. I just bring a daypack to school.M: A daypack?W:Yes. It’s a small bag that you carry on your back.M: What do you carry in it?W: My notebooks or a few books for homework.M:That’s convenient. Is there anything ___4___ you’ve noticed about our school? W: Yes. I am ___5___ (surprise) that everyone is so silent in class.M: What do you mean?W: Well, we usually ask questions about exams, homework ___6___ textbooks on the ___7___ (one)day of the school year. The teacher likes such questions.M: So you felt it different?W: Yes. I ___8___ (expect)to see a lot of discussions in class ___9___ we learn that way in the United States.M: I see. That will be a good topic for our school newspaper for the first month of the term. Nice ___10___ (talk) with you. See you around. Bye!W: Bye!10)W: Good morning, everybody! Today for our writing class, we are glad to have Mr. Henry Stone with us, a well-known writer in this country. He is going to share with us ___1___ (he)writing experiences. Now, Henry, please tell us how you find so many interesting things for your stories?M: Okay. I watch people a lot. I do that when I travel. I’ve ___2___ to many countries such as Britain, Italy and Sweden, so I spend a lot of time at airports. While ___3___ (wait) for my flights, I watch people passing by and start my imagination. For example, ___4__ other day when I was waiting for my flight to Greece, I saw a couple. They were buying magazines at that moment. They were not wearing business clothes but the man was carrying a suitcase. Every few seconds the woman looked around. I wondered ___5___ someone was following them. Perhaps they were running away and…. You know, this ___6___ (remind) me of a story in the newspaper that day. A bank clerk stole one million pounds a week ___7___ and disappeared with his wife. There was a picture of them in the paper. The couple really looked like the ___8___ (thief). Maybe I ___9___ stop them. Just then, I saw them say goodbye to each other, and the woman walked away. Well, sometimes I make mistakes like that. ___10___ I find things like that very useful for my writing.Keys:1)1. this2. by3. away4. got5. it6. could7. coming8. to discuss9. will see 10.soon2）1. order2. Otherwise3. well4. were5. smaller6. where7. staying8. here9. It 10. served3）1. done2. so3. could4. skating5. that6. own7. created8. it9. when 10. coming4）1.ran2. after3. shocked4. crashed5. hers6. Was7. walk8. Luckily9. waiting 10. slightest5）1. shall2. thought3. it4. a5. shopping6. done7. when8. best9. mine 10. But6）1.the2. earlier3. smells4. Would5. who6. It7. ceremonies8. grew9. when 10. about7）1. if2. running3. a/ any4. like5. loves6. but7. disappeared8. anywhere 9. same 10. must8）1.anywhere2. have been looking3. did4. were5. gone6. like7. Everything 8. the 9. in case 10. looking9)1.about2. Why3. own4. else5. surprised6. or7. first8. expected9. because 10. talking10)1.his2. been3. waiting4. the5. if6. reminded7. before8. thieves9. should 10. ButB. 短文体1)One of my father's favorite ___1___ (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn't say I didn't like something, ___2___ it might be, until after I tried it. Over the years I've come to realize how much of my success I owe to my ___3___ (accept) of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career. ___4___ (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get ___5___ (marry), stay home and raise a family, so I didn't think the job I took mattered that much. I couldn't ___6___ more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that ___7___ (begin) level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into ___8___ (differ) positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the thought, “Well, I'll try it; ___9___ I don't like it I can always go back to my ___10___ (early) position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years.2)People ___1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred ___2___ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ___4___ these.To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ___5___ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ___6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books ___7___ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them.When you meet ___8___ new word, look it ___9___ in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your ___10___ (much) useful book.3)___1___ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women___2___ any clothes on, and he and his ____3____ always tried to keep the small girl out ___4___ he was doing this, “She is ___5___ young to understand,” they said.But one day, when the artist ___6___ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs ___7___ her, but when she got to the room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. ___8___ her parents waited for her to speak.For a few seconds the little girl said ___9___, but then she ran to her mother and said ___10___ (angry), “Why do you let her go about withoutshoes and socks on when you don’t let me?”4)Most Americans don’t like to get advice ____1___ members of their fami-ly. They get advice from “_____2___ (strange)”. When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. ___3___ many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines _____4___ give advice on many different subjects ______5___ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, ____6___ even on how to buy a house or a car.Most newspapers _____7_____ (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are _____8___ written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, ____9____ are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special ____10___ (train) for this kind of work.5)Without proper planning, tourism can cause___1___.For example, too many tourists can crowd public places ___2___ are also enjoyed by the inhabitants (居民) of a country. If tourism create too much traffic, the inhabitants will become ___3___ (annoy) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists ___4___ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. ___5___ is important to think about the people of a destination country and ___6___ tourism affects them. Tourism should help ___7___count-ry keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and ___8___ (happy) of local inhabitants.Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism ___9___(grow) too quick-ly, people must leave other jobs to work ___10___ the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.6)Why is setting goals so important ? Because goals ___1___ help you do, be, and experience everything ___2___ you want in life. Instead ___3___ just letting life happen to you, goals allow ___4___ to make your life happen. ___5___ (success) and happy people have sets lots of goals to help them reach their aims. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It’s ___6___ having a map to show you ___7___ you want to go.Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and ___8___ (set) goals.Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. G oals aren’t difficult to set, and ___9___ aren’t difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are ___10___one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life.7)In the small towns of the United States in the ___1___ (nineteen) century, the general store was ___2___ everyone bought the things he couldn’t make ___3___ grow at home. What the stores sold ___4___ (tell) a great deal about ___5___ life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and___6___ foods that the farm didn’t produce; articles of clothing that they couldn’t make ___7___ ; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were ___8___ (thank) for what they had and that they looked___9___ with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex? Would they enjoy ___10___ (live) a life as we do now?8)Do you feel ___1___ difficult to be happy all the time? Now I’ll give you some tips ___2___ how to make yourself happy. One way is being ___3___ (self) because unselfishness is the key factor ___4___ (require) if you want to get along well with others. By ___5___ (say) being unselfish we mean we ___6___ not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in ___7___ people. You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, ___8___ don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not ___9___ (bad) that others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, ___10___ surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.9)We may be very ___1___ (please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present ___2___ (exam) systems which focus ___3___ t esting the students’ memory instead of their___4___ (able). As soon as a child begins schoo, he enters a world of examination___5___ will decide his future of job. In fact a good examination stystem should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember ___6___ is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often many be the ___7___ (good) in their studies. In addition, such ___8___ examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the___9___ (come) examination.There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as ___10___ as their knowledge.10)Many Chinese believe ___1___ (eat) pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat ___2___ (cook) eggs to keep their minds sharp.___3___ , doctor don’t reco mmend to eat___4___ raw eggs or animal brains. Then,what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found ___5___ relationship___6___ diet and a healthy brain. Generally speaking, fish is a brain food. Besides fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet ___7___ most people lack the special vitamins ___8___ these brain food provide. If you eat brain foods ___9___ (regular), they can increase brain power---help you pay attention, keep you motivated, improve your memory and ___10___ ( less) stress from studies. Then you can do much better in your test.Keys:1）1.sayings2. whatever3. acceptance4. Actually5. married6. have been7. beginning8. different9. if 10. earlier2)1. living2. languages3. or4. all5. Before6. bigger7. written8. a9.up 10. most3)1. An2. without3. wife4. when/while5. too6. was painting7. after 8.both 9. nothing 10. angrily4)1. from2. strangers3. Instead4. that/which5. including6. and7.regularly 8. answers 9. others 10. training5)1. problems2. that/which3. annoyed4. and5. It6. how7. a8.happiness 9. grows 10. in6)1. can2. that3. of4. yourself5. Successful 6 .like 7. where8. setting 9. they 10. the7)1. nineteenth2. where3. or4. tells5. the6. other7. themselves8. thankful9. forward 10. living8)1. it2. on3. unselfish4. required5. saying6. should7. other8. so 9. worse 10. the9)1. pleased2. examination3. on4. ability5. which/ that6. what7. best 8. an 9. coming 10. well10)1. eating2. uncooked3. However4. either5. a6. between7. because 8. that 9. regularly 10. lessen。

上海市虹口区上海市继光高级中学2024学年高考英语三模试卷注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2．答题时请按要求用笔。

3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．The security judge was very _________ when she explained that the driving licence was necessary for her work . A．reasonable B．natural C．ridiculous D．available2．I still find it hard to imagine that such a clever child __________ make such a foolish mistake.A．shall B．mustC．can D．should3．Jane’s pale face suggested that she ______ ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical exam.A．be; should have B．was; haveC．should be; had D．was; had4．He was still full of optimism for the future despite many problems, and never once ______ him get worried or upset. A．I saw B．I would seeC．did I see D．would I see5．—Why can’t John land a__________job in years?—Anyone with criminal records will be laid off first when it comes time to let staff go.A．rewarding B．demanding C．worthwhile D．stable6．Some business owners are keen on public welfare. This is local services have been funded.A．whether B．what C．where D．how7．I usually do the washing up and leave the cooking to my wife，______she’s a better cook than me．A．unless B．as C．even though D．in case8．How did it come about ________ a quiet person should appear so wild today?A．whether B．that C．if D．what9．—I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.—________？Mary is interested.A．Why bother B．Why notC．So what D．What for10．In the US, there are currently over 5,000 community schools _____, in addition to serving as educational institutions, function as community centers for the surrounding neighborhood.A．which B．whereC．whose D．as11．—I wonder why the thinnest plastics bags, though ________ , are still in use here.—Well, it’s no easy job to solve this problem effectively.A．banning B．banned C．to ban D．having banned12．We’ll build a power station ______ water resources are plentiful.A．where B．in whichC．which D．that13．Be calm, Madam. Can you remember _____________ you had your mobile phone stolen?A．when was it that B．that it was whenC．where it was that D．it was where that14．By the time I saw the angry expression on his face, I ________ exactly what I was having to face.A．knew B．had known C．would know D．have known15．It seems late to say anything. We probably ______ it if we had made an offer sooner.A．would have got B．would getC．had got D．got16．If we forgave criminals, we might become a society of endless excuses _____ no one accepts responsibility for anything．A．which B．where C．when D．as17．______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see films so often.A．If it is not B．Had it not beenC．Were it not D．If they were not18．— How do you find your new classmate?— Oh, she is really ________ of a musician, who can not only sing very beautifully, but also compose skillfully. A．something B．somebodyC．everything D．everybody19．—She got her first science fiction published. It turned out to be________.—When was that?—It was in 2009 ________ she was still in college.A．success; that B．a success; whenC．success; when D．a success; that20．The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front to arrive.A．is expected B．is expectingC．expects D．will be expected第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

上海市虹口区上海市继光高级中学2024年高三第三次质量预测英语试题试卷注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。

2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。

3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．The document film ______ next week aims at introducing local cultures to the world.A．released B．being releasedC．to be released D．having been released2．Jenny nearly missed the flight _________________doing too much shopping.A．as a result of B．on top ofC．in front of D．in need of3．Different tastes among tourists from outside the mainland ________ the list of the country's attractions．A．top B．shape C．lead D．show4．The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017.A．announced B．was announced C．announces D．is announced5．I _____up my mind what I was going to say in the seminar, but it was cancelled.A．have made B．had madeC．was making D．would make6．The crazy fans ________ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A．were waiting B．had been waitingC．had waited D．would wait7．A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ you year ahead.A．sharpen B．switchC．stretch D．shape8．Though Professor Liu ____ in New York for seven years, he has never regretted moving back to Shanghai, his hometown.A．lived B．has lived C．had lived D．was living9．_______ his overseas study, he was eventually employed by his dream company.A．Having completed B．CompletingC．Completed D．To complete10．Large quantities of time ______ for practising guided writings.A．was needed B．are needed C．needs D．is needed11．—Why didn’t you try to finish the composition?— I tried to, but ________ I could, the bell ran announcing the end of the examination.A．until B．whenC．after D．before12．____________the fierce competition in job seeking, many university graduates have no choice but to reduce their own demand for the salary.A．Faced B．FacingC．To face D．Having faced13．As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ________ rising these days.A．was keeping B．keepC．keeps D．were keeping14．___________the effect of culture shock, he is trying to read a lot about it before going to France for further study. A．To reduce B．ReducedC．Reducing D．Having reduced15．One of the most important questions they had to consider was ___________ of public health.A．what B．that C．this D．which16．Playing with the foreign visitors, my cousin is beginning to several different languages.A．pick up B．pick outC．turn up D．show out17．I believed him to be honest but his actions showed that he had ________.A．the top dog B．the feet of clayC．his cup of tea D．the apple of his eye18．—Alice, why aren’t you at work today?—I a day off．A．have given B．have been given C．gave D．was given19．In my opinion,_____ shouldn’t be any doubt that China will become one of the most powerful countries in the near future．A．this B．that C．it D．there20．The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book, ______ both of them fail to express. A．where B．whenC．who D．which第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

上海市继光高级中学2014届高考英语新题型试卷（冲刺精编）I。

Grammar（A）“Where there is a will, there is a way。

” Those who believes in this saying usually have a （25)__________（good) chance to succeed than others. One such person is Lin Hwai-min，the founder of Cloud Gate Dance Theatre of Taiwan，a dance company (26)__________ has played an important role in the development of modern dance in Taiwan。

(27)__________ doubt，Lin’s determination to pursue his dream has greatly inspired many people.For Lin Hwai—min, the road to success was not easy, especially because his parents were never serious about his dream. Although his parents didn’t agree with what he had chosen，Lin's love of dancing never (28)__________（fade). Eventually，Lin not only successfully started his career as （29）__________ great dancer at professional dancer troupes in the USA，but also，in 1973，founded Cloud Gate in his home town，Taiwan。

定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校2014高考英语阅读理解冲刺全程训练（14）及答案阅读理解请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AWe know the famous ones—the Thomas Edison and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?Joan Mclean thinks so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,” When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?( ) 1. By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the author indicates that countless inventions are .A. beneficial, because their inventors are famousB. beneficial, though their inventors are less famousC. not useful, because their inventors are less famousD. not useful, though their inventors are famous( ) 2. Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to_____.A. add color and variety to students’ campus lifeB. inform students of the windshield wiper’s inventionC. carry out the requirements by Mountain UniversityD. prepare students to try their own invention( ) 3. Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was _________.A. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producerB. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiperC. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstormD. not related to Professor Joan McLean’s lectures( ) 4. Which 0f the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?B How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?C Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?D Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?A篇第一篇文章是关于生活中离不开小发明，鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，推动社会的进步。

2014届高考英语冲刺模拟试题（四）及答案第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共小题；每小题I分，满分7分）听下面段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回来有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1 What' the prie f a tdent tiket?A 10 dllarB 7 dllarC dllar2 What tie i it nw?A It' 3:00 pB It' 4:00 pC It' 3:30 p3 What an we learn abt the an?A He wrk like a ehaniB He han't engh neyC He ha gt a ehani4 What de Rbert plan t d?A G t New YrkB Viit a plantatinC Mve t the thWhat la de the girl prefer t have?A The PEB The artC The bilgy第二节（共1小题：每小题1分，满分22分）请听下面段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给出的A、B、C三个选项种选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。

，每小题秒钟；听完后，各小题给出秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6 Why did Bb g t Canada?A T d bineB T g ighteeingC T frther hi tdy7 What bjet d tdent fr Canada like?A Eni and engineeringB Bine and ptingC Cpting and eni听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

2014高考英语阅读理解全程冲刺训练(4)及答案【2014高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】CHow could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals。

How ever，most z oos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats。

Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored，lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species，but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior，intelligence, or beauty。

Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name，diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal be havior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals' natural needs.The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self—destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth， a sign of unhappiness and pain。

上海市继光高级中学2014届高考英语新题型试卷（冲刺精编）I. Grammar（A)Plimoth Plantation brings history to life in a fun and interesting setting。

It is a historical experience that （25）__________（delight) visitors of all ages for 60 years. (26)__________ you’ve lived in Massachusetts you entire life or are here on vacation，a visit to Plimoth Plantation and the ship Mayflower II should be at the top of your list!A journey to the Wampanoag Homesite in a land （27）__________ Native people have survived and thrived for over 12，000 years enables you to discover how the 17th-century Wampanoag would have lived along the coast during the growing seasons：planting their crops, fishing and hunting，（28）__________ (gather) wild herbs and berries for food, and reeds（芦苇）for making mats and baskets。

It is the same New England Coast where 102 English colonists，popularly (29）__________ (know）as “Pilgrims”，landed in 1620 and founded Plymoth CoLony ——where the story of two peoples began。

上海市继光高级中学高二英语模拟试题含解析一、选择题1. There must be something wrong with your car. You have to have it _______.A. repairB. repairingC. repairedD. to repair参考答案：C略2. --John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month. --Oh, ______!A. cheer upB. well doneC. go aheadD. congratulations参考答案：D11.I couldn’t ______ what they were saying, for they both spoke to me at once.A. listen toB. make outC. hearD. make up参考答案：B4. Prices of daily goods ___through computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying参考答案：B5. She tried her best to _____the life there, but failed to make any _______.A. adjust to, sensesB. adapt to , troubleC. adapt to , effortD. adjust to , difference参考答案：D6. He ______ change his mind tomorrow; we are not sure.参考答案：C略7. Sarah looked at ______ finished painting with ______ satisfaction.A. /; aB. a; theC. the ; /D. the; a参考答案：C8. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A．why B．that C．where D．because参考答案：B本题考查同位语从句。

高中英语真题:2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（4）及答案解析A(2011·东北三省四市联考，B)You're in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater. You listen to their convers ation: “I can't believe it—Lorenzo Bertolla! They are almost impossible to find. Isn't it bea utiful? And it's a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome.”They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. It's nice and the price is right. You've never heard of Lorenzo Bertol la, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So，you buy it. You never realize that those young women are empl oyees of an advertising agency. They are actually paid to go fro m store to store, talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes. Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eatin g. If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. This is t he secret of undercover marketing. Companies from Ford to Nik e are starting to use it.Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people t hat don't pay attention to traditional advertising. This is particula rly true of the MTV generation—consumers between the age of 18 and 34. It's a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend，but they don't trust ads. So advertising agencies hire young actors to“perform” in bars a nd other places where young adults go. Some people might call this practice misleading, but marketing executive Jonathan Res sler calls it creative. “Look at traditional advertising. Its effective ness is decreasing. ”It is true，because everyone knows an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. However，you don't know when a conversation you overhear is just a perf ormance.本文是说明文。

2014年高考英语——上海卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25) ______ I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulders. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had said that (29) ______ ______ ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps, (30) ______ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration. I eventually decided to go back to my smalltown. Not until I returned (32) ______ I realise that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine（自动售货机）is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in the form of the country's first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33) ______ electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34) ______ (equip) with security cameras and alarms, and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35) ______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said: "I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36) ______. The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term automatic shop is far (37) ______ (appropriate)."In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38) ______ (force) village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39) ______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new community stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and openedup their own volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40) ______ those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simplyLet's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food _41_ at the supermarket. Since you really _42_ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help _43_ some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to _44_ healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with _45_ hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to _46_ foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains _47_ by looking at the lights on the package. A green light _48_ that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be _49_; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in _50_. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _52_ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult _53_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _54_，of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. Infact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really _55_ issues.Dunbar _56_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—_57_, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _58_ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or _59_ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar _60_ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the _61_ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to _62_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be _63_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _64_ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-largergroups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one _65_ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggsand fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by___________.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means_______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?（B）Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. "This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with herpartner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achievea similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to_________.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that____________.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, __________.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that_________.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sortof thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。

高中英语真题:2014高考英语阅读理解全程基础训练（4）及答案【2014陕西省商南县高级中学高三上二模】BIt’s good to make mistakes, and here is why.First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new thin gs. It’s always good to try new things because when you are tryi ng new things you are growing. If you never try anything new, h ow can you improve? How can you expand? The simple answe r is “You can’t”. Look around you. With very few exceptions (例外), either everything you see in your physical world or every si ngle detail of every single thing is the result of someone trying s omething new.Another good thing about mistakes is this: When you are ma king mistakes, you are learning. Consider this: Edison failed 10, 000 times before he perfected the light bulb. When asked how it felt to fail that many times, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times, but rather had learned 10,000 things that did n’t work.Finally, when you make a mistake you are much closer to su ccess. Why?Because when all is said and done, you will have tried some number of things before you succeeded. Every time you makea mistake you eliminate one of those things and are one step cl oser.But this all doesn’t mean that you should go ahead without c onsidering the consequences of a mistake. Quite the contrary, when you try something new you have to be willing to set some reasonable limits so that in the event that it d oesn’t work out the way you want it to, you will be in a position to try again.We all have limited resources in the form of time and money so don’t blow them all on one approach to a problem. Realize th at it probably won’t be perfect the first time and allocate (分配) these resources appropriately so you can learn, make corre ctions, and try it again. Only by accepting and using your mistak es in this way can you make significant advances in your busin ess and your career.There is an old saying that goes, “If you’re not making mistakes , you’re not trying hard enough.”So go forth and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. And pr osper(成功).50. From the second paragraph, we can conclude that _______.A. mistakes are better than not tryingB. we are afraid of trying new thingsC. it’s common for people to make mistakesD. mistakes are unnecessary for developmen51. The underlined word “eliminate” means _______.A. avoidB. solveC. acceptD. dismi ss52. According to the article, one thing you should pay attention t o about making mistakes is _______.A. avoiding making the same mistakesB. accepting the puni shment willinglyC. taking consequences into accountD. trying things out o ne by one53. The article is mainly about _______.A. how to deal with mistakesB. what benefits mistakes bringC. how to achieve successD. how to make use of you r mistakes54. What would the writer probably suggest we say to ourselves when we make a mistake?A. Never mind, I can always try again.B. I’d better stay out of trouble.C. Great! Now I can learn something.D. Look at this mess . Anyone would be upset.【参考答案】50-54 ADCBC阅读理解------E(2013·江西，D)One might expect that the evergrowing demands of the tourist tr ade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive t he holidaymakers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the longt erm future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the buildin g of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rockbou nd Pacific island is advertised as the ‘last paradise (天堂) on earth’.However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destro y the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries wher e there was a rush to make quick money out of seaside holiday s, overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless ho tels have begun to lose their appeal.Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most . In recent years, set out to attract foreign visitors to fund devel opments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and r are flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched par adise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousand s of holidaymakers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tra cks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudde n growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. F armland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The onetime farmer is now the servant of some mul tinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploit ed. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his villag e working his own land.Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilitie s it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand i n hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial sup port from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are bein g encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its f ate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs an d problems are more important than those of the tourist compan ies. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have bee n destroyed.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。