2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

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(完整word版)解析2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空(原卷版),文档

(完好word版)分析2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空(原卷版),文档2019 届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherentand grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star _____1_____ she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June.According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she _____2_____ (receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal _____3_____ the authorities her true remuneration ( 薪酬 ) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes.Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million.Because she was _____4_____ first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation _____5_____ she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but _____6_____ didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter _____7_____ (post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government."As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, _____8_____ led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests.""Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there_____9_____ have been no Fan Bingbing," she added.Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration ofTaxation saying it had launched a campaign _____10_____ (recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry.II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections ：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ms. Angela McQueen, a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School, Illinois, has a routine when shelunch-monitoring duty. She ___11___ (keep) an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps(圈)around the school cafeteria.In September 2017, McQueen, then 40, had hardly finished one lap ___12___ a 14-year-old freshman standingnot far from her pulled out a gun. She knew too well that he was going to start shooting.School employees ___13___ (train) on how to handle active shooters: Attack their ability___14___ (aim). Sowith the shooter’ s finger on the trigger, McQueen rushed to him15.___ (grab) at his arm, she forced the gun intothe air, but not ___16___ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another. As students ran for the exits,McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer, ___17___ disarmed the student and tookhim into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later. Afterward, McQueen went outside to give hugs and supportto her shaken students.“ It ’ s the mama-bear instinct,” she told the local paper.“ I don’ t have kids of my own, but these are sti ‘ 18___’ kids. ”_______19_______ McQueen, a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the countryhad a relatively happy ending.“ If it hadn’ t been for her, the situation would have been a lot different,Jeff Branson said at a news conference.As one ___20___ (impress) student told CBS News,“ Mr. McQueenourhroinis.”II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherentand grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the properform of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Best News Ever: Researchers Confirm Chocolate Is Good for Your BrainSure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it’ s a staple of some of our favorite desserts. Butalithfood, so it should be enjoyed in moderation — right? Well, it turns out that _____21_____(eat) chocolate mightactually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to recent research _____22_____(conduct) by fivescientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (黄烷醇), can help boost cognitive (认知的)performance. Yes, chocolate’ s good for your brain. The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L_____23_____ (record) research from 10 different studies. The studies assessed people ’ s performance cognitivetests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were telling: in 9 out of the 10 studies, there was anoticeable improvement _____24_____ the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in“ general cognition, attention, processing speed, and working memory.” Sounds pretty good to us!And that’ s not all. In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanolshelped “ counteract” the negative effectstheleepof deprivation. And there’ s even more good news.25_____(take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months, chocolate can produce noticeable long-termimprovements in cognition. Older adults, ____26____ memories were already declining, saw an especiallysignificant improvement.All chocolate has flavanols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers, are happier,_____27_____ it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists _____28_____ haveclaimed that, after doing this research, they’ ve started eating dark chocolate every day! Here are some other hea benefits of eating dark chocolate. Now, we’ re not saying29that you start eating chocolate for breakfast,lunch, and dinner — it ’ s stillhigh in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after asleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead, _____30_____ takeadvantage of chocolate’ s newfoundowerbrainpwith these delicious recipes.II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherentand grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the properform of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves andExperimental Psychology , a little anxiety –not to mention fatigue –might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239college freshmen, each ___32___ (agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test ___33___ (give)on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours andfive-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. ___34___ (boost) thestress level in the students –who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college –Ackerman andKanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who___35___ (beat) their high-school score.___36___ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked themabout their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of thetest and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the studentsanxiety___37___ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers ose steadily’ fatigue and str ___38___ the test got longer. ___39___ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of thetest increased, so ___40___ the students’ scores. The average score on the-andthree-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.II． Grammar and Vocabulary SectionA Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherentand grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the properform of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. The home-sharingservice provides some people with a way_____41_____ （ make） extra money while they work other jobs.The company announced recently that one of its _____42_____ (popular) professions among AmericanAirbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out _____43_____ industries itsAmerican hosts work in.The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified _____44_____ as teachers or inthe field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. Inaddition, the study says there are _____45_____ estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.The study did not provide data from hosts about _____46_____ they choose to become part of Airbnb. But thecompany noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earningsfrom hosting _____47_____ help.Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb’ s estimatedAirbnbnationalspkesmanaverage. Christopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry is not a total solution for the currentproblems _____48_____ (face) many teachers. But he said he thinks Airbnb can be an“ important tool teachers make extra money and give them respect“theand dignity” they havernead.The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb _____49_____ (continue) to face opposition byactivists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices inseveral cities. Elected officials in some areas _____50_____ (propose) or approved rules to limit the influence of theservice. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition.II ． Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherentand grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the properform of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Famous Irish poet Oscar Wilde (1854- 1900) once wrote:“ Ah! Realize your youth while you have it.”out the important truth about how precious youth is in one’ s journey through life.However, the popular internet slang word foxi( 佛系 ) –or“ Buddhist”–51_____ (challenge) this norm by encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible–in other words, tolive like a Buddha.The phrase _____52_____ (create) in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to startrelationships with women or follow someone else’ s life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world withou _____53_____ (disturb) and care little about passion and success.Now, Chinese internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For example,“ Buddhist students” are those who study just the right amounttheydon’ t cut class,–but neither_____54_____ theyburn the midnight oil, either. There are also“ Buddhist parents” , who interfere55little their children’ slives and let them develop _____56_____ they like–the opposite of“ helicopter parents”.In this fast- changing and competitive world, it’ s only natural that eekingpeople aarespiritual anchor.However, some would compare foxi with“ demotivational(丧)culture a”phrase– that describes young people who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality _____57_____ young people arelosing their will to fight. They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply _____58_____they ’ re incapable of succeeding.But no matter what, there is one thing that“ Buddhist youngsters” should keep in mind: You may wa calm mindset regarding failure, but you _____59_____ also be passionate and positive about school, work and life.After all, Wilde also wrote:“ Live the wonderful life that is in you! 60Let_____ be lost upon you. Bealways searching for new sensations. Be a fraid of nothing.”II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherentand grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the properform of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever embarrassed because you forget something important? What kind of things do you have the mosttrouble _____61_____ (remember) ?Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the audience, but then paused in horror. He had forgotten her name.Barbara hid her jewelry when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldn’ t remember ______62______ she ’ d put it.Perhaps you’ ve had experiences like these. Most people have. And, what’ s worse, most people____63____(b ow) to a life of forgetting. They naware of’aresimpleu but important fact: Memory can be developed.If you just accept that fact, this book will show you _____64_____it can be improved.First, relax. If you are overanxious about remembering something, you’ ll forget it. Relaxing willyourenhance awareness and ability to concentrate. You can’ t remember65anything you can concentrate.Second, avoid being negative. If you keep telling _____66_____ that your memory is bad, your mind will cometo believe it and you won’ t remember things. When you forget something, don’ t say,“ Gee, I need _____67_____ (rewire).” Instead, you need to take an active role.____68____ your body, your memory can be strengthened through exercise. Look for opportunities to exerciseyour memory. For example, if you are learning a language, try to actively remember irregular verbs.You may also want to make associations or links between _______69_______you are trying to remember andthings you already know. For example, if you need to catch a plane at 2:00 p.m., you can imagine a plane in your mindand notice that it has two wings. Two wings =2:00. You are now ten times ________70________(likely) to forget thetake-off time.Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherentand grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test ___71___ they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now ___72___ (include) a writing part.Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies ___73___ (develop) computer programs. These can grade student writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost___74___(little) to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial ( 人工的 ) intelligence to think in a way___75___teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by ___76___ human readers.The entrance test commonly ___77___(use) by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language.Systems ___78___ (use) to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.Some teachers say it can never really understand___79___ a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems ___80___(mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then I had a physical problem and hadto go to hospital for _____81_____ whole examination. It seemed a small challenge _____82_____ (compare) to the one I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning. Not having a car or knowing the city,I was depending on a couple of buses _____83_____ (get) me from A to B. Although I'd left myself plenty of time,soon ______84______ was obvious that I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that______85______ (take) me in the opposite direction.I got off the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do. I looked into the eyes of a stronger，who was trying to get past me. Surprisingly, _____86_____ moving on, she stopped to ask if I was OK. After I explained_____87_____ was troubling me, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, _____88_____ a bus would take me back into the city to my appointment. ______89______ (sit) there waiting, I felt grateful that someone had been willing to help. Then， hearing a horn (喇叭 ) nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend waving at me to get in. She had returned to offer me a lift to the hospital.Such unexpected kindness from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive. _____90_____ I climbed out of the carat the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose faith, for all things are possible.II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherentand grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the properform of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Every weekend, after hiking in the Saneum Healing Forest east of Seoul, the firefighters sip tea and enjoy an arm massage. The aim of program is ___91___ offer)“ forest healing” ; the firefighters all have certain tresstypes of s disorder. Saneum is one of three official healing forest in South Korea, which offer a range of programs from meditation to woodcraft to camping. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans, many of whom suffer from work stress, digital addiction, and intense academic pressures,___92___(welcome) the medicalization of nature with great enthusiasm. In fact, the government is investing a hundred million dollars ___93___ a healing complex next to Sobaeksan National park.There is increasing evidence ___94___ being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But whatis frustrating is that fewer of us actually enjoy nature regularly. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor atCanada’ s Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring at a time___95___ we are most disconnected from it. The pressures of modern life lead to long hours spent working indoors. Digital addiction and strong academic pressure add to the problem. In America, visits to parks have been declining since the dawn of email, and so___96___ visits to the backyard. Research indicates that only about 10 percent of American teens spend time outside every day.So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to?___97___ (surround) by nature has one obvious effect: the more time we spend in nature, the ___98___ (stressful) we become. This has been shown to lower blood pressure, heart rates, and levels of the stress hormone, as well as reduce feelings of fear or anger. But studies also indicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an ___99___ (improve) sense and well-being; it can lower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably ___100___ we evolved in nature and have been adapted to the natural environment.。

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

上海市各区2019年高三英语二模汇编----完型填空-老师版(已经校对)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the __41__ of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in __42__ the paths of storms.Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network __43__ 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized __44__ takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.These __45__ are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen, giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. __46__, on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will __47__ severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. __48__, the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail(冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is __49__ when severe weather is around.On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, __50__ from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your __51__ area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported.When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds,__52__ wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado __53__. Meteorologistsin the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, __54__ which areas needed to be warned.Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek __55__ before the storm hit. Paying attention to your local weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety.41.A. loss B. increase C. protection D. value42.A. changing B. controlling C. predicting D. guiding43.A. faced with B. exposed to C. involved in D. made up of44.A. structure B. system C. mode D. style45.A. figures B. data C. readings D. statistics46. A. Most likely B. Most evidently C. Most interestingly D. Most importantly47.A. decide B. estimate C. handle D. issue48.A. By the way B. In that case C. To some extent D. On the contrary49.A. vital B. reasonable C. normal D. available50.A. expanding B. spreading C. ranging D. extending51.A. proper B. specific C. typical D. regular52.A. straight B. unique C. general D. circular53.A. process B. threat C. warning D. sign54.A. indicating B. recognizing C. revealing D. recommending55.A. rescue B. residence C. support D. shelterKeys:41-45: ACDBC 46-50: ADBAC 51-55: BDCADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Being Bigger isn’t Necessarily Considered BetterThe firm, which famously started life in 1939, has now declared a new age: that of smaller start-up. By 2014, when Ms Whitman announced HP’s decision to separate its computer and printer business from its corporate hardware and services operations, the company had grown into a clumsy __41__. Its fortunes started to __42__ with a series of expensive and much criticized purchases. By 2012 it had lost its position as the world’s leading supplier of PCs to Lenovo. The dramatic __43__ was aimed at helping the firm adapt to the new age of mobile and online computing, responding to shareholder demands for more aggressive __44__.“I would go from laser jet printing to our big enterprise services contracts where we were running the back end of IT for many big companies and organizations. These two things are not like each other. So the ability to focus and engage with customers on a(n) __45__ set of objectives and business outcomes... I can already see the difference.” Ms Whitmann, who now heads the new spin-off, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) selling servers and services, says the change has already __46__ her performance. “One big change is it __47__ each of the divisions to pursue the strategy that is right for them. __48__ , there is ‘no way’ printer and PC company HP Inc’s decision last year to buy Samsung’s printing business for $1bn would have happened when it was part of the larger firm. So it’s that ability to drive your own program, not __49__ by other businesses that don’t have the same characteristics.” Ms Whitman is so convinced her strategy is working that she’s __50__ HPE further, spinning off both its business services division and its software business into separate companies last year.Her assumption that bigger doesn’t always mea n better seems __51__. After all, a larger company should find it easier to dominate the market it operates in. But the rapid rise of much smaller start-ups, competing and often overtaking these established powerful companies means the accepted wisdom that __52__ equals success is being challenged. __53__ in 2014, eBay carved PayPal, the electronic payments arm it bought in 2001, off from the main online sale business.Box, a cloud storage company, is another case in point. Founder Aaron Levie says “Whether Uber, Airbnb, those same lessons __54__, which is if you can build something that’s cheaper, faster and more scalable and delivers a far better customer experience than what the traditional sellers were able to do, then you can be extremely __55__.”41. A. appearance B. construction C. giant D. possession42. A. decline B. increase C. stay D. vary43. A. adventure B. combination C. development D. split44. A. behavior B. growth C. markets D. policies45. A. ambitious B. complex C. narrow D. overall46. A. delivered B. improved C. measured D. standardized47. A. allows B. employs C. reminds D. threatens48. A. All in all B. For example C. On the contrary D. What’s more49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down50. A. dissolved B. expanded C. operated D. shrunk51. A. fundamental B. reasonable C. surprising D. widespread52. A. diligence B. discipline C. profit D. size53. A. Comparatively B. Generally C. Similarly D. Unexpectedly54. A. apply B. fail C. hide D. increase55. A. friendly B. miserable C. motivated D. troublesomeKeys:41-45 CADBC 46-50 BABAD 51-55 CDCADⅢ. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defined as the free movement of people, goods and capital. It’s been the most important __41__ force of modernity. Until the financial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as the global economy itself. __42__, thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it is developing fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade? If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas, no—it’s actually __43__. Indeed, the cross-border flow of digital data—e-commerce, web searches, online video, machine-to-machine interactions—has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is __44__ to grow much faster than the global economy over the next few years.There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global and national levels. But free trade can also widen the __45__ gap within countries, in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers. Free trade has made goods and services cheaper for Americans—think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods at Walmart—but it hasn’t always __46__ their job prospects. From 1990 to 2008, the areas most __47__ to foreign competition saw almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans is on track to be _-48__ than their parents.The gains of free trade do not always __49__ the losses. This realization that the tide of __50__ doesn’t raise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement. And companies themselves are __51__ globalization.Nevertheless, there is one reason to be __52__ about the future of globalization—at least, the new information-based kind. McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digital goods, services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than in the past. An estimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business-- __53__ before the arrival of the Internet, when globalization was dominated by super powers. That means that more of the wealth generated by globalization couldflow down to the 80% of the population that hasn’t __54__ as much as it should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and freer trade, it could help swing the political pendulum（钟摆）back toward globalization in some form. Despite its laws, it has been an economic force that has lifted more people out of __55__ than anything else the world has ever known.41. A. political B. cultural C. economic D. natural42. A. Otherwise B. Hence C. Moreover D. Yet43. A. depressing B. increasing C. approving D. operating44. A. projected B. tracked C. signaled D. needed45. A. price B. welfare C. pension D. wealth46. A. ruined B. helped C. foreseen D. reversed47. A. resistant B. suited C. exposed D. inaccessible48. A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer49. A. outweigh B. balance C. suffer D. substitute50. A. materialism B. modernization C. globalization D. consumption51. A. withdrawing from B. counting on C. profiting from D. insisting on52. A. confused B. concerned C. optimistic D. curious53. A. adaptable B. accessible C. affordable D. impossible54. A. striven B. consumed C. benefited D. digested55. A. fear B. poverty C. frustration D. embarrassment Keys:41-45 C D B A D 46-50 B C D A C 51-55 A C D C BIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ask Siri if she’s a woman. Go ahead; try it. She’ll tell you she’s ___41___. “Like cacti. And certain species of fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S Voice, and Google Now. But, man, do they ever sound a lot like women. 42 , we think of them as ladies too. (In Old Norse, Siri transla tes to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory.”) We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold feminine turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally inane answers to our requests.If we prize gender diversity in other areas of daily life, why does our tech sound so_____43____? The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greater acceptance of female____44_____,” says Karl MacDorman, an associate professor at Indiana University who specializes in human-computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders, then asked them to identify which they _____45_____. The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer. ____46_____, women even showed a subconscious preference for responding to females; men remained subconsciously neutral.Why the_____47____? Stanford University communications professor Clifford Nass, who coauthored the field’s seminal book,Wired for Speech, wrote that people tend to perceive female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority figures who tell them the answers to their problems. We want ____48_____ to help us, but we also want to be the boss of it, so we are more likely to opt for a female interface.This tendency suggests that companies will make a better impression on a _____49____ group of customers with a woman’s voice. But not just any voice. It has to _____50_____ a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its ____51_____ of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino’s Pizza app, which has an assistant,Dom. He sounded like my high school English teacher—educated and helpful but not_____52_____. That’s about right for a brand attempting to ____53_____ guys ordering pies before the big game.As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already let you ____54____ a voice interface. Homer Simpson can tell you where to take a left on your GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to ___55_____. Want to know how to do it? Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful—and female—tone.41. A. robotic B. high-tech C. genderless D. creative42. A. Culturally B. Obviously C. Grammatically D. Undoubtedly43. A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D. reasonable44. A. charm B. researchers C. speech D. participants45. A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred46. A. In practice B. On the contrary C. By this means D. At first47. A. neutrality B. prejudice C. authority D. conscience48. A. interaction B. technology C. personality D. society49. A. more sociable B. more talented C. broader D. wealthier50. A. improve B. develop C. admire D. suit51. A. market B. business C. research D. library52. A. strange B. bossy C. reliable D. unique53. A. appeal to B. look into C. meet with D. run after54. A. build B. tailor C. play D. improve55. A. repeat B. assist C. reprogram D. communicateKeys:41-45 CAACD 46-50 ABBCD 51-55 DBABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restoreKeys:41-45 BADAC 46-50 BBCAC 51-55 BDDBCⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To Apologize or Not to ApologizeWhy difficult?When we do wrong to someone we know, even not 41 , we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are42 . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the43 but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression 44 ,as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.Why now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more 45 . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more 46than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of 47 apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of 48 apologies. Although they are not carried out in the public place, we can’t neglect the importance of this performance.Why 49 ?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for50 . They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong 51 . Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why refuse?Why is it that leaders so often try every means to 52 apologies, even when a publicapology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even 53risky. Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that 54 of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 55 .41. A. immediately B. intentionally C. occasionally D. accidentally42. A. simple B. ridiculous C. abnormal D. different43. A. individual B. company C. family D. society44. A. conflicts B. matters C. appeals D. deceives45. A. urgent B. possible C. necessary D. simple46. A. interestedly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully47. A. faithful B. trusty C. immediate D. public48. A. sincere B. acceptable C. private D. positive49. A. bother B. reduce C. regret D. ignore50. A. promotion B. criticism C. appreciation D. identification51. A. personality B. will C. reason D. desire52. A. attempt B. involve C. commit D. avoid53. A. financially B. professionally C. academically D. physically54. A. avoidance B. admission C. involvement D. elimination55. A. fulfillment B. statement C. occupation D. strategy\Keys:41-45 .BDABA 46-50 . CDCAB 51-55. CDBBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or; phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robots’ IntelligenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be 41 , according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figure out how to turn human 42 into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s n ecessary to translate our morals into AI language. 43 , if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the44 children. “You would want that robot 45 with a good set of valu es,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a46 distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a 47 brought-up person would do.It will be possible to48 more complicated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are 49 .The biggest 50 with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will 51 some kind of taboo(禁忌). One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with a(n) 52 situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps, and ask for 53 from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in 54 , and how to create a set of ethical（伦理的）rules. But if we 55 an answer, robots could be good for humanity.41. A. avoided B. revised C. increased D. rejected42. A. personalities B. behaviors C. intentions D. values43. A. Instead B. For example C. After all D. As a result44. A. special B. demanding C. bright D. starving45. A. preloaded B. downloaded C. uploaded D. upgraded46. A. comfortable B. private C. sufficient D. noticeable47. A. literarily B. independently C. properly D. naturally48. A. manufacture B. install C. introduce D. create49. A. careless B. senseless C. powerless D. thoughtless50. A. doubt B. threat C. concern D. prospect51. A. subject B. prohibit C. observe D. break52. A. similar B. familiar C. unusual D. ideal53. A. permission B. guidance C. feedback D. comment54. A. principle B. moral C. standard D. technology55. A. look into B. pick out C. turn to D. come up withKeys:41-45 ADBDA 46-50 ACDAC 51-55 DCBBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The announcement came the day before Thanksgiving, but there was nothing in it to be __41__ for: An experimental Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症) drug many thought would slow the disease’s steady cognitive decline had failed to make a __42__ difference in a massive trial of people with early signs of the illness.Marty Reiswig took the news __43__ .“I was just sad,” he says. “I was really hopeful that it would be life-changing for us.” He doesn’t have Alzheimer’s disease, but he is part of a large __44__ family that’s been bothered by Alzheimer’s for generations. His family has a genetic mutation (变异) that means its carriers will develop Alzheimer’s at a much __45 __ age, usually 30 years earlier than those without the mutation. But there’s also a chance his monthly infusions (输液) include a drug that could __46__ him, his family members and others like them from losing loved ones to Alzheimer’s.The key is early interference, before symptoms are __47__ and brain damage is too extensive. “That’s how you stop the disease,” says Rud y Tanzi, director of the Genetics and Aging Research Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital. “You don’t wait.” The attempt to prevent Alzheimer’s rather than treating it is the most exciting new development in decades. Traditionally, drug companies have __48__ their therapies on patients who already have memory loss, trouble thinking and other signs of dementia (痴呆). It’s been a __49__method. More than 99 percent of all Alzheimer’s drugs have failed tests in the clinic, and the few that have made it to the market only improve some __50__. Not a single medicine has been shown to slow the continuous progression of the disease.__51__, with this new approach, even partial success —an appreciable slowing of brain degeneration —could have a big impact, says Dr. Reisa Sperling, who directs the Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. If a drug therapy can __52__ the attack of dementia by five or ten years, she says, “many more people would die of ballroom dancing __53__ in nursing homes.”Developing drugs to prevent Alzheimer’s disease could be a discovery of Nobel proportions. There is no __54__ that the current trials will succeed, but researchers believe they are gettingclose to __55__ what had, until recently, seemed to be on e of medical research’s toughest challenges.41. A. important B. thankful C. hateful D. precious42. A. significant B. racial C. slight D. psychological43. A. happily B. peacefully C. hardly D. hard44. A. extended B. nuclear C. expanding D. single45. A. maturer B. younger C. older D. elder46. A. save B. cure C. stop D. avoid47. A. vague B. tremendous C. unpleasant D. evident48. A. reported B. tested C. established D. invented49. A. losing B. decreasing C. winning D. dropping50. A. symbol B. sign C. symptom D. signal51. A. Additionally B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. However52. A. push on B. push around C. push back D. push forward53. A. instead of B. in the end C. in all D. except for54. A. doubt B. guarantee C. denying D. possibility55. A. meeting B. facing C. accepting D. solving[来源学_科Keys:41-45 BADAB 46-50 CDBAC 51-55 DCABDIII. Reading Comprehension。

完整word版解析2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空原卷版

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June._____1_____According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after shemisreported how much money she (receive) for certain film projects, using so-called yin-yang_____2_____contracts to conceal the authorities her true remuneration () and avoid millions of dollars in taxes._____3_____薪酬Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fineof $86 million.Because she was first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed_____4_____against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation she had been detained by_____5_____the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but _____6_____didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter (post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and_____7_____government.As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry andsociety, she said. I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, led to _____8_____the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests.Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there have been no Fan Bingbing, she added._____9_____Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of1Taxation saying it had launched a campaign (recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry._____10_____II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirectionsAfter reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and ：grammatically correct. Forthe blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ms. Angela McQueen, a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School, Illinois, has a routine whenshe's onlunch-monitoring duty. She ___11___ (keep) an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps() 圈around the school cafeteria.In September 2017, McQueen, then 40, had hardly finished one lap ___12___ a 14-year-old freshman standingnot far from her pulled out a gun. She knew too well that he was going to start shooting.School employees ___13___ (train) on how to handle active shooters: Attack their ability___14___ (aim). Sowith the shooter's finger on the trigger, McQueen rushed to him. ___15___ (grab) at his arm, she forced the gun intothe air, but not ___16___ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another. As students ran for the exits,McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer, ___17___ disarmed the student and tookhim into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later. Afterward, McQueen went outside to give hugs and supportto her shaken students.“It's the mama-bear instinct,”she told the local paper. “I don't have kids of my own, but these are still‘___18___' kids.”_______19_______ McQueen, a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the countryhad a relatively happy ending. “If it hadn't been for her, the situation would have been a lot different,”Police ChiefJeff Branson said at a news conference.As one ___20___ (impress) student told CBS News, “Mr. McQueen is our heroin.”II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.2Best News Ever: Researchers Confirm Chocolate Is Good for Your Brain Sure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it's a staple of some of our favorite desserts. But it's not exactly a healthfood, so it should be enjoyed in moderation—right? Well, it turns out that _____21_____(eat) chocolate mightactually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to recent research _____22_____(conduct) by fivescientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (), can help boost cognitive () 认知的黄烷醇performance. Yes, chocolate's good for your brain. The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L'Aquila,_____23_____ (record) research from 10 different studies. The studies assessed people's performance on cognitivetests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were telling: in 9 out of the 10 studies, there was anoticeable improvement _____24_____ the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in“general cognition, attention, processing speed, and working memory.”Sounds pretty good to us! And that's not all. In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanolshelped “counteract”the negative effects of the sleep deprivation. And there's even more good news. _____25_____(take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months, chocolate can produce noticeable long-termimprovements in cognition. Older adults, ____26____ memories were already declining, saw an especiallysignificant improvement.All chocolate has flavanols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers, are happier,_____27_____ it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists_____28_____ haveclaimed that, after doing this research, they've started eating dark chocolate every day! Here are some other healthbenefits of eating dark chocolate. Now, we're not saying that you _____29_____ start eating chocolate for breakfast,lunch, and dinner—it's still high in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after asleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead,_____30_____ takeadvantage of chocolate's newfound brainpower with these delicious recipes.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SA T, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, ___31___ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of3Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety –not to mention fatigue –might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239college freshmen, each ___32___ (agree) to take three different versions of the SA T reasoning test___33___ (give)on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours andfive-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. ___34___ (boost) thestress level in the students –who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college –Ackerman andKanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who ___35___ (beat) their high-school score.___36___ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked themabout their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of thetest and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students' energy andanxiety___37___ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers' fatigue and stress rose steadily___38___ the test got longer. ___39___ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of thetest increased, so ___40___ the students' scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237. IIGrammar and Vocabulary Section A ．Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. Thehome-sharingservice provides some people with a way _____41_____ （makeextra money while they work other jobs.）The company announced recently that one of its _____42_____ (popular) professions among AmericanAirbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out _____43_____ industries itsAmerican hosts work in.The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified _____44_____ as teachers or inthe field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. Inaddition, the study says there are _____45_____ estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.The study did not provide data from hosts about _____46_____ they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the4company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earningsfrom hosting _____47_____ help.Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb's estimated national average. Airbnb spokesmanChristopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry is not a total solution for the currentproblems _____48_____ (face) many teachers. But he said he thinks Airbnb can be an “important tool”to helpteachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity”they have earned.The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb _____49_____ (continue) to face opposition byactivists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices inseveral cities. Elected officials in some areas _____50_____ (propose) or approved rules to limit the influence of theservice. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition. IIGrammar and Vocabulary Section A．Direction: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Famous Irish poet Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) once wrote: “Ah! Realize your youth while you have it.”He pointedout the important truth about how precious youth is in one's journey through life.However, the popular internet slang word foxi() –or “Buddhist”–_____51_____ (challenge) this norm by 佛系encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible –in other words, tolive like a Buddha.The phrase _____52_____ (create) in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to startrelationships with women or follow someone else's life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without_____53_____ (disturb) and care little about passion and success.Now, Chinese internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For example,“Buddhist students”are those who study just the right amount –they don't cut class, but neither_____54_____ theyburn the midnight oil, either. There are also “Buddhist parents”, who interfere little _____55_____ their children'slives and let them develop _____56_____ they like –the opposite of “helicopter parents”.In this fast-changing and competitive world, it's only natural that people are seeking a spiritual anchor. However, some would compare foxi with “demotivational() culture”–a phrase that describes young people 丧who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality_____57_____ young people are5losing their will to fight. They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply _____58_____they're incapable of succeeding.But no matter what, there is one thing that “Buddhist youngsters”should keep in mind: You may want to keep acalm mindset regarding failure, but you _____59_____ also be passionate and positive about school, work and life._____60_____ be lost upon you. Be After all, Wilde also wrote: “Live the wonderful life that is in you! Letfraid of nothing.”always searching for new sensations. Be a II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fillin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever embarrassed because you forget something important? What kind of things do you have the mosttrouble _____61_____ (remember) ?Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the audience, but then paused in horror. He had forgotten her name.hid her jewelry when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldn't remember Barbarashe'd put it.______62______Perhaps you've had experiences like these. Most people have. And, what's worse, most peoplenaware of a simple but important fact: Memory can be developed. ____63____(bow) to a life of forgetting. They're u If you just accept that fact, this book will show you_____64_____it can be improved.your overanxious about remembering something, you'll forget it. Relaxing will enhance First, relax. If you are______65______ you can concentrate.awareness and ability to concentrate. You can't remember anythingSecond, avoid being negative. If you keep telling _____66_____ that your memory is bad, your mind will cometo believe it and you won't remember things. When you forget something, don't say, “Gee, I need to have my brain_____67_____(rewire).”Instead, you need to take an active role.____68____ your body, your memory can be strengthened through exercise. Look for opportunities to exerciseyour memory. For example, if you are learning a language, try to actively remember irregular verbs. You may also want to make associations or links between _______69_______you are trying to remember andthings you already know. For example, if you need to catch a plane at 2:00 p.m., you can imagine a plane in your mindand notice that it has two wings. Two wings =2:00. You are now ten times ________70________(likely) to forget the6take-off time.Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannotwrite well.The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have topass a writing test ___71___ they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests arechanging now ___72___ (include) a writing part.Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed toread through large amounts of work. So some companies ___73___ (develop) computer programs. These can gradestudent writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost___74___ (little) to carry out bycomputer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial () 人工的intelligence to think in a way___75___teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing testbegan with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officialssay there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by ___76___ human readers.The entrance test commonly ___77___(use) by business schools, the GMA T, already uses e-readers. The GREand TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Testof English as a Foreign Language.Systems ___78___ (use) to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples ofstudent writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.Some teachers say it can never really understand___79___ a writer is trying to say. Critics say a programcannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the sameway. They also say the systems ___80___(mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form7of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then I had a physical problem and had togo to hospital for _____81_____ whole examination. It seemed a small challenge _____82_____ (compare) to theone I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning. Not having a car or knowing the city,I was depending on a couple of buses _____83_____ (get) me from A to B. Although I'd left myself plenty of time,soon ______84______ was obvious that I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that______85______ (take) me in the opposite direction.I got off the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do. I looked into the eyes of a stronger，whowas trying to get past me. Surprisingly, _____86_____ moving on, she stopped to ask if I was OK.After I explained_____87_____ was troubling me, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, _____88_____ a bus would take me backinto the city to my appointment. ______89______ (sit) there waiting, I felt grateful that someone had been willing tohelp. Then，hearing a horn () nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend waving at me to get in. She had 喇叭returned to offer me a lift to the hospital.Such unexpected kindness from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive. _____90_____ I climbed outof the carat the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose faith, for all things are possible.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Every weekend, after hiking in the Saneum Healing Forest east of Seoul, the firefighters sip tea and enjoy an armmassage. The aim of program is ___91___offer) “forest healing”; the firefighters all have certain types of stressdisorder. Saneum is one of three official healing forest in South Korea, which offer a range of programs frommeditation to woodcraft to camping. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans, many of whom suffer from workstress, digital addiction, and intense academic pressures,___92___(welcome) the medicalization of nature with greatenthusiasm. In fact, the government is investing a hundred million dollars ___93___ a healing complexnext toSobaeksan National park.There is increasing evidence ___94___ being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But whatis frustrating is that fewer of us actually enjoy nature regularly. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at8Canada's Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring at a time___95___ we are most disconnectedfrom it. The pressures of modern life lead to long hours spent working indoors. Digital addiction and strong academicpressure add to the problem. In America, visits to parks have been declining since the dawn of email, and so___96___visits to the backyard. Research indicates that only about 10 percent of American teens spend time outside every day.So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to?___97___ (surround) by nature has one obviouseffect: the more time we spend in nature, the ___98___ (stressful) we become. This has been shown to lower bloodpressure, heart rates, and levels of the stress hormone, as well as reduce feelings of fear or anger. But studies alsoindicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an ___99___ (improve) sense andwell-being; it canlower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably ___100___ we evolved in nature and have been adapted tothe natural environment.901。

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(已校对珍藏版)

II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.China’s first private research-oriented university Westlake University, which is backed by some of the country’s biggest business tycoons, was 31 inaugurated on Saturday morning in Hangzhou, East China’s Zhejiang Province, according to media reports.Westlake University is the first research-oriented university funded by private 32 and supported by the Chinese government in the country, 33 news website reported on Saturday. The non-profit institution was launched by a slew of 34 academia (学术机构) in the country and funded by high-profile business 35 , including Tencent Holdings Ltd Chairman Pony Ma and Wanda Group Chairman Wang Jianlin, according to information on the school’s website.Headed by Shi Yigong, a biologist and former vice president of the prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing, Westlake will be 36 to the study of natural science and engineering, with world-class environment and state-of-the-art research facility. Construction for the university started in April and is expected to be completed by 2021. Total investment for the project is ____37____ to be 3.68 billion yuan ($585 million), according to media reports.The opening of Westlake University also comes as Chinese business leaders are throwing their support behind the country’s education 38 . Several other Chinese business leaders, including Alibaba Group founder Jack Ma Yun and Lenovo Group founder Liu Chuanzhi, have also 39 started a non-profit institution --Hupan University in Zhejiang. The university was inaugurated in March 2015. Jack Ma, who announced his retirement from Alibaba in September to focus on 40 work, including education, was the university’s first president.II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Photography is often perceived as an objective, and therefore unbiased, medium for documenting and preserving moments and national and world histories, and for visualizing and narrating news stories. But the choices made by a photographer--including how the image is ____31____, what is left in or out of the frame, and how it may be cropped, edited, or otherwise altered after it is taken--introduce a point-of-view into the photograph and ____32____ impact how we receive and understand images. Such considerations raise critical questions about how willingly we accept any one photograph as a reflection of ____33____ truth.Photographs can bear ____34____ to history and even serve as catalysts(催化剂) for change. They can foster sympathy and raise awareness or, ____35____, offer critical commentary on historical people, places, and events. Throughout the history of the medium, photographers have aimed to capture the essence of events they saw with their own eyes--though the question of the trustworthiness of their images is always up for debate.Though Dorothea Lange had been operating a successful portrait studio in San Francisco since 1919, she was moved by the homeless people as the Great Depression began to take its toll, and she started photographing them. These photographs led to her being hired by the federal Farm Security Administration(FSA), formed to raise awareness of and provide aid to poor farmers. Lange closely identified with the FSA’s mission, which was to ____36____ the effects of the Depression on Americans, bringing attention to their struggles so that such events would never recur. Due in part to her work with the FSA, Lange became known as a pioneer of documentary photography, a ____37____ she disliked because she felt the term did not reflect the passionate social motivations that fueled her work.Dorothea Lange took this photograph Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California in 1936, while employed by the FSA program. In Nipomo, California, Lange came across Florence OwensThompson and her children in a camp filled with field whose livelihoods were devastated by the failure of the pea crops. Recalling her encounter with Thompson years later, she said, “ I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother. I do not remember how I explained my ____38____ or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions. I made five exposures, working closer and closer from the same direction.” One photograph from that shoot known as Migrant Mother was widely ____39____ to magazines and newspapers and became a symbol of the plight farm workers during the Great Depression.As Lange described Thompson’s situation, “She and her children had been living on frozen vegetables from the field. Yet they could not move on, for she had just sold the tires from the car to buy food.”However, Thompson later ____40____ Lange’s account. When a reporter interviewed her in the 1970s, she insisted that she and Lange did not speak to each other, nor did she sell the tires of her car. Thompson said that Lange had either confused her for another farmer or embellished(渲染) what she had understood of her situation in order to make a better story.II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The throngs of tourists flooding Russian cities for the World Cup are expected to provide a(n) ____31____ boost to the country’s economy. However, the influx has proved difficult for some host cities to fully ____32____ visitors.In the city of Samara, where England will play Sweden on Saturday in a quarterfinal match, water pressure is decreasing due to a(n) ____33____ in customers. In response, the city utility company has offered an unusual solution to mitigate (缓解) the low pressure. The proposal by the city’s water system authorities was ____34____ in a simple statement. “Save water, take showersin pairs,” the company said, accompanying its _____35____ with a smiley face. The Moscow Times reported the water authorities have increased output in recent days to compensate for the visitors, but the utility company is still trying to ____36____ residents about the strains placed on the water service. Rather than trying to change the habits of visitors, the water service has asked locals to alter their daily ____37____. “Thousands of the city’s visitors, who also consume water, are ____38____ to the increase,” the utility company, Samarskiye Kommunalniye Systemy, wrote in a press release on Wednesday.Recommended SlideshowsThe city has also experienced a heat wave that has increased the ____39____ for water during the tournament. The Associated Press reported said that medical staff distributed water to fans traveling to last month’s game between Russia and Uruguay via public transit. Utility issues also arose when Russia hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. The host nation seemed unable to provide the infrastructure needed to host athletes, fans, reporters and others who attended the tournament. Journalists who visited the city to report on the games ____40____ discolored and brown water coming out of faucets(龙头).II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Germany Crashes Out of World CupGermany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle, part of a trend but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here.A smooth-running ___31___ machine when it won the Cup in 2014, Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing, 2-0, to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye toRussia about three weeks earlier than many expected.It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938, which seems even more ___32___ when you consider Hitler was then the country’s leader and only 15 teams participated.With stars like Kroos, Mesut Özil and Mats Hummels, Germany won every match in ___33___ for this World Cup, the first German team to do so. But it could not even ___34___ it out of the group phase in Russia.There seems to be a World Cup curse at ___35___. Since the 1998 edition, the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions: France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014 and now Germany.But this team’s early exit was still a(n) ___36___ shock, and Joachim Löw, the German coach since 2006, used that same word — “schock,” in his own language — to describe the experience on Wednesday.“The ___37___ of being eliminated is just huge,” said Löw, who added that the team deserved to go out early. “It turned ___38___. I must take responsibility for this.”A four-time World Cup winner, Germany was a finalist in 2002, third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals, the ___39___ of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain.The Germans certainly have historical company, however. The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how ___40___ it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs.The New York subway system is one of the largest in the world, ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week. Riders find more than ___41___ below the streets; among the dirt and the screech of the trains, there is also music. The subway system is like a free ___42___ hall, offering almost every kind of music.You never know what you might ___43___, depending on the day of the week and the particular station. At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently, Rawl Mitchell, an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago, was playing the steel drums. He said he’s been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s. “The people do ___44___ the music,” he said. “They stand around listening and if it pleases them, they applaud and put their money in the case or whatever. They ___45___ clap and say things like ‘It’s nice.’ They offer me some positive feedback.”Singer-songwriter Rosateresa, who often sings on a station at 14th Street, has been at it almost as long. She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago. “My ___46___ is to sing like the jilguero, a Puerto Rican bird, which wakes up the sun,” said Rosateresa.Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform ___47___, outside the transit authority’s official “Music Under New York” program, which sponsor 150 performances each week, by more than 200 individuals and groups.Like Rosateresa and Mitchell, Musicians who participate in “Music Under New York” ___48___ only whatever people choose to give. Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital, part of a group called “Opera Collective”, said they ___49___ performing in the subways, though it isn’t lucrative. “Music in general is not about money, and ‘Music Under New York’ is definitely more about making opera ___50___ than it is about making a living,” McNichols said.II．Grammar and Vocabulary Section AS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Air pollution is a killer.The World Health Organization says it kills about seven million people around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us, it can make us very sick.However, breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body. It can also affect your brain and your ability to think. A new study shows that air pollution can cause a “huge” 31 in our intelligence. The study was a project 32 researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.The researchers reported that long-term33 to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities in two areas: language and mathematics.They studied about 25,000 men, women and children from across China by giving them language and math tests between 2010 and 2014. Then they compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, 34 nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing 35 air can reduce a person’s education level by about one year. Chen said that the effect 36 is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those working outdoors than those working indoors. And the test subjects studied came from 25 of China’s 33 provinces, ranging in age from 10 to 90, which, according to Chen, provided a “good 37 sample.”The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on 38 ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The smallest pieces of air pollution, called particulate matter 2.5 or simply PM2.5., are only 2.5 micrometers long; sometimes they are even smaller. So one can easily breathe them in, and they are found indoors.Chen urges 39 policymakers to make serious changes. "The longer-term effects suggests to the policymakers that we need to engage in cleaning up the sky instead of investing in short-term 40 , for example the face masks or air filters.” He said.II．Grammar and Vocabulary Section AS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.World’s Best RestaurantCritics of renewable energy often cite the fact that technologies like wind and solar only produce energy when the wind is blowing or the sun is shining. They argue that we can’t effectively utilize renewable energy until appropriate energy ____31____ technology is developed. While the fact that wind and solar don’t produce energy around the clock is certainly a major ____32____, I find that the problems associated with the intermittent(间歇的) nature of many renewables are often exaggerated, and rarely discussed from a(a)____33____ perspective. With this post, I’ll introduce a few of the main challenges posed by intermittent energy ____34____, and then discuss three possible solutions.The difficulty associated with integrating variable sources of electricity ____35____ from the fact that the power grid(电网) was designed around the concept of large, ____36____ electric generators. Today, the grid operator uses a three-phase planning process to ensure power plants produce the right amount of electricity at the right time to ____37____ and reliably meet electric demand. Because the grid has very little storage capacity, the balance between electricity supply and demand must be ____38____ at all times to avoid a blackout or other problem.Intermittent renewables are ____39____ because they disrupt the conventional methods for planning the daily operation of the electric grid. Their power fluctuates(波动) over multiple time horizons. Take the example of solar panels. Solar energy is only available during daylight hours, so the grid operator must adjust the day-ahead plan to include generators that can quickly adjust their power output to compensate for the rise and fall in solar generation. Furthermore, power plants that ____40____ produce electricity all day every day might instead be asked to turn off during the middle of the day so that the energy produced from solar can be used instead of fossil electricity.II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association(NBA) 31 at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed ____32____over the years, and managers have been more than willing to 33 team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.However, the trend in sports may be 34 an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the US for many generations—apparently reached their 35 in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as we can go,” says anthropologist of Wright State University.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed 36 tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood 37 got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5’9’’for men, 5’4’’ for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoid substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been 38 for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal(双足行走的) posture and cannot easily withstand 39 strain imposed by oversize limbs.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. If you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, by and large, you could use today’s data and feel 40 confident.II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Botany, the study of plants, occupies a ____31____ position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest (含糊的) of insight. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must extremely ancient. This is ____32_____. Plants are the basis of the food ____33____ for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, eyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognized accurately hundreds of plants and know many ____34_____of each. To them, botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less ___35_____ our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes ____36____ on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer ____37____ the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them___38_____ the wonder of agriculture; cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the ____39____ production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the ____40____ knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close relationship with plants in the wild would begin fade away.2019届上海市各大名校高三英语试卷题型分类汇编珍藏版：选词填空II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Science is accompanying us. It is the body of knowledge about nature, ____31____the collective efforts, insights, findings, and wisdom of the human race. The enormous success of science has led to the general belief that scientists have developed and are ____32____a “method” extremely effective in gaining, organizing and applying new knowledge.Although this method has a certain appeal, it has not been the key to the most of the ____33____in science. Regular research, experimentation without guessing, and other methods account for much of the progress in science.Rather than a particular method, the success of science has more to do with an attitude common to scientists. This attitude is essentially one of ____34____before the facts. In the scientific spirit, scientists must accept facts even when they would like them to be different, regardless of the reputation of the number of ____35____. They must strive to distinguish between what they see and what they wish to see. People have traditionally tended to adopt general rules,beliefs and theories without ____36___questioning their validity(正确性)The most widespread assumptions are the least questioned. Most often, when an idea is adopted, particular attention is given to cases that seem to support it, while cases refuting(反驳)it are ignored. In this sense, scientists must be truly expert at ____37____ their minds, because science seeks not to defend our beliefs but to improve them.Away from their profession, scientists are no more honest than other people. But in their profession they work in an area that ____38____honesty. To reduce the likelihood of errors, scientists should accept the words only of those whose ideas, theories, and findings are ____39____---at least in principle. Sooner or later, mistakes are bound to be found out and wishful thinking to be exposed. The honesty so ____40____to the progress of science thus becomes a matter of self-interest to scientists.11。

2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--完形填空(解析版)

onsiderately体贴地；B. traditionally传统地；C. influentially有影响力地；D. intellectually智力上地。根据上文可知，在大学里迎接新挑战，会让你在智力上（intellectually）得到很好的锻炼，故选D。
根据后面的因为老师们非常熟悉你的能力所以他们可以提供宝贵的帮助帮助你找到适合你的大学可知当你为满足各学院和大学的学术要求作准备时你的高中老师是最好的信息源sources故选a
2019届高三英语二模汇编——完形填空
1、2019黄浦二模
Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
44.A.observeB.overcomeC.investigateD. complete
45.A. indicationB. implicationC. innovationD. intention
46.A. In additionB.In other wordsC. By comparisonD. By contrast
Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself48. These places represent appropriate “bodies of water” for you academically.

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI’ve become increasingly concerned about the linguistic sloppiness of the average worker, and not those who have learned English as a second language but native English speakers, regardless of income level, schooling or other determining factors.The number of people who read seems to be decreasing. The digital world has become the preferred baby sitter for children and the most effective way for adults to comfort themselves after a day’s work. Teachers, overworked and underpaid, seem to be fighting a losing battle – or are some prolonging it?These days I see glaring grammatical errors on résumés and cover letters, websites, signs, emails regardless of management skills or income level. Job hunters write asking me for “advise”. People who are in the job market, hoping to be invited in for an interview, write some of these, and the paperwork is full of punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Were they careless? Or do they not know? Maybe it doesn’t matter. Maybe the hiring authority doesn’t know the difference either.The other day I saw the back of a company shirt that said: “providing quality service since 10 years.” A company shirt? How many were printed and are worn by employees who walk around advertising that their company has someone in an upper-level management position who didn’t catch the error or, worse yet, didn’t know the difference?Last week a senior level manager emailed me. He confused “its” and “it’s” in three different places. Here’s another example: I do product testing for a research panel. The product came with a slip of paper that said: “This commitment covers not discussing this product or it’s usage with others outside your home.”Here’s what really bugs me: a rule that seems to have come into effect – if in doubt, add an apostrophe. So what has happened is that people all over America have lost the understanding of the difference between plural and possessive.Your résumés and your cover letter are not just a summary of your background. They are not just an introduction of you when you hope to be considered for an interview. First and foremost, it is a brochure, and it is selling a product, and the product is you. If you wouldn’t go to an interview in blue jeans, don’t send your cover letter and résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.Don’t rely on Microsoft Word’s ABC/grammar checker. It isn’t able to detect if a word is spelled correctly but used out of context. The grammar checker won’t help you unless you have a fundamental understanding of grammar to begin with. In fact, if you defer to the grammar checker’s advice, you’ll probably increase your number of mistakes.An excellent reference book to keep on hand is The Elements of Grammar by Margaret Shertzer. In “Words Often Confused”, it clarifies the differences between pairs of words such as “well/good” and “less/fewer”.Don’t tell yourself it doesn’t matter. Above all, don’t tell yourself that everyone speaks poorly these days, and the hiring authority won’t know or care. The ability to communicate, written and spoken, is of utmost importance – certainly in business. And it only becomes more valuable as fewer people are able to demonstrate it.56.The examples cited in paragraphs 4 and 5 are intended to illustrate ______.A. the employees are proud of their companyB. to err is humanC. holding senior positions doesn’t guarantee correct usage of languageD. managers are so busy as to be careless with their language57.According to the author, when American people are not sure whether to use “it’s” or “its”, they are likely to ______.A. use the formerB. use the latterC. ask the author for adviceD. turn to Microsoft Word58.The underlined word “defer” can be best replaced by ______.A. consultB. followC. objectD. yield59.Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Going to a job interview in smart jeans is better than sending résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.B. Microsoft Word’s spelling checker cannot always spot a mistake because it has a limitedvocabulary.C. Some teachers are themselves using language incorrectly.D. The hiring authorities care about linguistic correctness and act as role models.Keys: 56-59 CADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.The summer I turned 16, my father gave me his ‘69 Chevy Malibu convertible(敞篷车)’. Beautifully repainted with V-8 engine—it was a gift wasted on me at that age. What did I know about classic cars? The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the top down.Hannah was my best friend, a year younger but much taller, almost five foot ten. “Hannah’s going to be something,” my mother always said. And sure enough, that summer she signed with a modeling agency. She was already doing catalog and runway work.A month after my birthday, Hannah and I went to the movies. On the way home, we stopped at the McDonald’s drive-through, putting the fries on the seat between us to share.“Let’s ride around awhile,” I said. It was a clear night, oven-warm, full moon cast low over the desert. Taking a curve too fast, I hit a patch of dirt and slid from side to side. I then cut through a neighbor’s landscape wall and drove into a full-grown palm. The front wheels came to rest halfway up the tree trunk.French fries on the floor, the dash, and my lap. An impossible amount of blood on Hannah’s face, pieces of skin hanging into her eyes. They took us in separate ambulances. In the emergency room, my parents spoke quietly: Best plastic surgeon in the city. End of her modeling career.We’d been wearing lap belts, but the car didn’t have shoulder bands. I’d damaged my cheekbone on the wheel; Hannah’s forehead had split wide open on the dash. What would I say to her?When her mother, Sharon, came into my hospital room, I started to cry, bracing myself for her anger. She sat beside me and took my hand. “I hit my best friend’s car in the rear when I was your age,” she said. “I wrecked her car and mine.”“I’m so sorry,” I said.“You’re both alive,” she said. “The rest is window dressing.” I started to protest, and Sharon stopped me. “I forgive you. Hannah will too.”Sharon’s forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer, to stay friends throughout high school and college, to be in each other’s weddings, and to watch my four teenagers fawn over her three younger children. I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I’m tempted to blame someone for something recognized as wrong. And whenever I see Hannah. The scars are so faded that no one else would notice, but in the sunlight I can still see the faint shimmer(微光) just below her hairline—for me, an sign of grace.56. Which of the following about Hannah is TRUE according to the passage?A. She was not as badly injured as the author.B. She never really forgave me though her mother did.C. She learned the gift of forgiveness through the accident.D. She could have been a model if she hadn’t experienced the accident.57. In paragraph 4, “window dressing” is closest in meaning to “_______”.A. insignificantB. colorfulC. undeterminedD. hopeful58. According to the passage, Sharon comforted the author by _______.A. showing her own scarB. mentioning her own storyC. visiting the author in personD. teaching the author a personal lesson59. Which of the following might be the best title of the article?A. A Graceful FriendB. A Lasting FriendshipC. A Lucky Car AccidentD. The Gift of ForgivenessKeys: 56-59 DABDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AMeasles (麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine (疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.56. The first two paragraphs suggest that __________.A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD. information about measles spreads quickly57. Herd immunity works well when __________.A. exemptions are allowedB. several vaccines are used togetherC. the whole neighborhood is involved inD. new regulations are added to the state laws58. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A. The overuse of vaccine.B. The lack of medical care.C. The features of measles itself.D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.59. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the idea of exemption.B. To discuss methods to cure measles.C. To stress the importance of vaccination.D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Keys: 56-59 ACDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sandra Boynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imagination follows curiosity pretty naturally.It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing.I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content that’s both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. I’m proud of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.81. What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A. It fascinates both adults and children.B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D. It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.82. When writing children’s books, Sandra ______.A. finds herself confused about remembering childhoodB. agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC. puts herself in a child’s place and thinks like a childD. is delighted that she doesn’t need to find another job83. Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were ______.A. new ways to increase interactions between usersB. interactive by combining theatre and bookC. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-likeD. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend84. We can conclude from the interview that ______.A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cuteB. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of thingsC. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authorsD. there were no interactive book apps before Sandra’s appsKeys: 81-84CCBAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliestforefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote, “You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory. You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing – not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people. ”I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.56. There is no more hunting in India now partly because __________.A. it is dangerous to hunt thereB. hunting is already out of dateC. hunters want to protect animalsD. there are few animals left to hunt57. The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly __________.A. to make the countryside safeB. to earn people’s admirationC. to gain power and influenceD. to improve their health58. What do we learn about the big-game hunters?A. They hunt old animals.B. They mistreat animals.C. They hunt for food.D. They hunt for money.59. What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face.B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons.C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers.D. Modern hunters should put their safety first.Keys: 56-59DBCAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and enco unters with “nonhuman creatures” such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate(精美的) pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet —meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials(外星人) as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not takelong to scoff at and abandon von Daniken’s theory. Over the years severa l other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America’s past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms. Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.56. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.57. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the _______ the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter58. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of ______.A. the participation of scientistsB. the emergence of the InternetC. the birth of new theoriesD. the interest in the Internet59. The author is _______ about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticKeys: 56-59 ACBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A traffic jam when you’re already late.A free ride when you’ve already paid.The fact that the King James Bible is the most spotlighted book in the United States.One of these three things is an example of irony-the reversal of what is expected or intended. The other two are not. The difference between them may be one of the most curious linguistic(语言学的)misunderstanding you’re likely to encounter. “Ironic” does not, technically, mean “unfortunate”, “interesting” or “coincidental” despite these terms often being used interchangeably. And that frequent misuse has not escaped linguists(语言学家); according to the editors “We estimate that ironic might be the most abused word in the English language.”So what does irony really mean and where does the confusion come from? Part of the ambiguity probably originates from the fact that there are no fewer than three definitions of irony depending on which dictionary you use. There’s Socratic irony (an ancient dialogue move) , and dramatic irony(an ancient theatrical move), but the definition of irony we care about is situational irony. Situational irony occurs when, as the Oxford English Dictionary defines it, “a state of affairs or an event... seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often slightly amusing as a result.”The trick, is the deliberately contrary part-for a situation to be ironic, it must be the opposite of what is expected, not merely an amusing coincidence. A traffic jam when you’re already late may be an undesirable coincidence, but it is not the opposite outcome one would expect when leaving for work late. Instead, College Humor writer Patrick Cassels corrects the situation like this: “A traffic jam when you’re already late to receive an award from the Municipal Planning Board for changing the city’s automobile congestion by 80 percent.” Now that’s irony.56.The common misunderstanding of the word “ironic” is that_______.A. It describes something unlucky, amusing or coincidentalB. It shows something that is opposite to what is expected or intendedC. It means unfortunate, interesting and coincidental at the same timeD. It is not the abused word in the English language57. The underlined word “ambiguity” means_________.A. distinctionB. understandingC. uncertaintyD. issue58.Which following situation can be described as “ironic” according to the above passage?A. John was supposed to enjoy a free ride but actually he had paid for it before.B. Alexander Bell invented the telephone, but refused to keep one in his study for fear of distractionC.You had planned a perfect wedding and invited all the important people, when it started to rain.D. McDonalds’ employee warned against eating Kentucky Chicken burgers and fries.59. What will be the best title for the passage?A. An Unexpected Traffic JamB. The Most Misused Word in EnglishC. Why Is the Word Irony MisusedD. Curious Linguists Settled Another MisunderstandingKeys: 56-59 ACBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Everyone gathered around and Paddy read out loud, slowly, his tone growing sadder and sadder. The little headline said: BOXER RECEIVES LIFF SENTENCE.Frank Cleary, aged 26, professional boxer, was today found guilty of the murder of Albert Gumming, aged 32, laborer, last July. The jury(陪审团) reached its decision after only ten minutes, recommending the most severe punishment to the court. It was, said the Judge, a simple case. Cumming and Cleary had quarreled violently at the Harbour Hotel on July 23rd and police saw Cleary kicking at the head of the unconscious Gumming. When arrested, Cleary was drunk but clear-thinking.Cleary was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. Asked if he had anything to say, Clear y answered, “Just don’t tell my mother.”“It happened over three years ago,” Paddy said helplessly. No one answered him or moved, for no one knew what to do. “Just don’t tell my mother,” said Fee numbly(麻木地). “And no one did! Oh, God! My poor, poor Frank!”Paddy wiped the tears from his face and said. “Fee, pack your things. We’ll go to see him.”She half-rose before sinking back, her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead. “I can’t go,” she said without a hint of pain, yet making everyone feel that the pain was there. “It would kill him to see me. I know him so well—his pride, his ambition. Let him bear the shame alone, it’s what he wants. We’ve got to help him keep his secret. What good will it do him to see us?”Paddy was still weeping, not for Fr ank, but for the life which had gone from Fee’s face, for the dying in her eyes. Frank had always brought bitterness and misfortune, always stood between Fee and himself. He was the cause of her withdrawal from his heart and the hearts of his children. Eve ry time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away. But Paddy’s love for her was as deep and impossible to wipe out as hers was for Frank.So he said, “Well, Fee, we won’t go. But we must make sure he is taken care of. How about i f I write to Father Jones and ask him to look out for Frank?”There was no excitement in the eyes, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks. “Yes, Paddy, do that. Only make sure he knows not to tell Frank we found out. Perhaps it would ease Frank to think fo r certain that we don’t know.”56.Paddy cried because he thought ___________.A. Frank did kill someone and deserved the punishmentB. Frank should have told Fee what had happenedC. what had happened to Frank was killing FeeD. Frank had always been a man of bad moral character57.The underlined sentence “She half-rose before sinking back…” in Paragraph 6 shows that___________.A. Fee was so heart-broken that she could hardly stand upB. Fee didn’t want to upset Paddy by visiting FrankC. Fee couldn’t l eave her family to go to see Frank。

2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--语法填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对

One【2021届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Way of Losing WeightForget what the skinny movie stars and the TV adverts say - losing weight is hard work.(21)you do it through exercise, diet, or a bit of both, it ' s extremely challenging to lose th pounds and then to keep them off. Sometimes it can involve (22)(change) huge parts of your day-to-day life and it can mean breaking decades-old habits.But it turns out there ' s one little (2i3ig you do to help you achieve your goal andit ' s got nothing to do with food or exercise. The experts at Weight Wat chers did research which shows many of their members were more successful and (24)(discouraged) when they shared regular updates on their new healthy lifestyle online. They found people who shared a diary of their daily lives with friends and followers were stimulated and inspired by positive feedback (25)they lost some pounds and kept them off.More than 50 per cent of people said the support of a weight loss community was crucial when it came (26)changing their eating habits and 53 per cent shared photos of their meals on social media. With this knowledge under their belts, Weight Watchers (27)(launch) a series of short films lately which show people recording their daily weight loss journey.One of the members who shared her journey was Danielle Duggins, and her video shows her enjoying a range of healthy meals and a few treats, while (28)(play) with her children.The company ' s marketing director Claudia Nicholls said: " The support of a community has always proved to be an effective way of forming and sustaining healthy habits, but there has never been an easier or more affordable way (29)(tap) into the power of the crowd for support and inspiration with the explosion of online communities. Weight Watchers owns a social community for members, Connect, (30)sees over 14,000 daily posts in the UK alone, and provides our members with instant access to a community of people who are on similar journeys to them.Keys：21. Whether 22. changing 23. can 24. less discouraged 25. that 26. to 27. has launched 28. playing 29. to tap 30. whichn . Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is Hothouse Earth Avoidable?Nearly 50 years ago, the Club of Rome report “ Limits to Growth " warned that if economic growth continued fast without regard for the environment, the world could face ecological and economic collapse in the twenty-first century. Yet that is essentially (21)has happened. As new research for the Club of Rome shows — and the latest report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states — the world (22) well be headed towards disaster.Many wrongly (23)(interpret) the “ Limitsto Growth " as an attack on uncontrolled economic expansion. In fact, the report argued that (24)the unlimited-growth pathway was chosen, it would require complementary policies (including funding) (25)(preserve) the planet ' s limited -support systems.This argument (26)(ignore). Instead, the world has continued to pursue fast growth, without regard for the environmental consequences. This has enabled us to make enormous progress in reducing poverty, increasing longevity, and increasing wealth. (27)it has come at a high cost to the formation of the society and the restoration of the planet.As scientists have conclusively shown, in the last decade, we have entered a new geological era, the Anthropocene, in which human activity ——in particular, economic activity —— has been the dominant factor (28)( influence) Earth ' s climate and environment. In the Anthropocene, our planet's life-support system is changing faster than ever.Climate change now represents a clear and present danger. If our planet becomes just 2 C warmer than pre-industrial temperatures, we may be placed irreversibly on the path toward“Hothouse Earth"a situation (29)temperatures are many degrees warmer than today,sea levels are considerably higher, and extreme weather events are (30)(common) — and more destructive — than ever.Keys:21. what 22. may/might 23. interpreted 24. if 25. to preserve26. has been ignored 27. But 28. influencing 29. where 30. morecommon/commonerSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Meet Alexa, Your Digital RoommateWho is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice- activated Echo Dot “ smart speaker " produced by Amazon. This year Saint LosiUniversity in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in every dorm room (21) its campus. Students can ask the vi rtual assistant anything from “ When are the football teams playing?" to " What' s the square root of 1440?SLU student Brendan McGuire said: " Insteacbf searching on the Internet while I (22) (tap) away at my computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what ' the molecular (分子的) weight of water? And I can have the answer without (23)(interrupt) my process. That ' exactly (24) school officials had in mind when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.“The students we attract (25)(drive) to achieve success in and out of the classroom, David Hakanson, SLU ' s vice president, said. " Every minute we can save our students from havingto search for the information online is another minute (26)(commit) to their education.Saint Louis University is the first in the U.S. (27) (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in every campus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technologyto students. This year Northeastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places (28) students could get answers to common questions.At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the option of adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. " Our focus is putting this technologyinto the hands of our students in a way (29) will build an ecosystem. (30) supports voice technologies throughout the ASU campus, “ said Heredia, a director at ASU.Keys:21. on 22. am tapping 23. interrupting 24. what 25. are driven26. committed 27. to include 28. in order that 29. that/which 30. ItFour【2021届上海市长宁区高三英语二模试题】II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To any soldierI served as a second lieutenant(少尉)in a war thirty years ago. Married for only a year and a half, I missed my wife and baby daughter a lot. In the years before cell phones and Wi-Fi, we had limited opportunities (21)(communicate) with loved ones.One night while sitting by myself, I investigated the Any Soldier" mailbox, a cardboard box with letters and packages from Americans. I chose one shoebox-size package. Inside I found about 20 greeting cards (22)children. At the bottom was a letter written by their teacher (23) (explain) how her kids had put the box together and how they supported our efforts in the war. Truly touched at that moment by this gesture, I decided to write a letter of gratitude. I thanked the teacher for (24) her children had done---its impact on my patriotism, my morale, and, (25)(significantly), my uplifted faith. For security reasons, I was able to sign only my name.Around 2021, I received a Facebook friend request from a woman with (26) I replied that (27) we were friends, I could not accept her request. "Areyou SecondLieutenant Bartholomew? 〞 I replied that I had been at one time.“Dear sir, “ she wrote. " We have never met, but thirty yearsaagecowasgrade teacherat a school in Ohio and our classroom sent a car package (28)(address) to ' Any S Member. ' The thankou letter you composed was framed and it (29)(post) on the wallof the school for more than 20 years. I wanted to again thank you for your service to our country.We never spoke again, but this gracious teacher strengthened my belief in doing what my motheralways taught me: Write thank-you notes---(30) never know how many people yourkindness can touch.Keys: 21. to communicate 22. from 23. explaining 24. what 25. (the) most significantly 26. whom 27. unless 28. addressed 29. has been posted/ was posted 30. youFive【2021届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试题】II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The biggest house of cards, the longest tongue, and of course, the tallest man: these are among the thousands of records logged in the famous Guinness Book of Records. Created in 1955 after a debate (21) (concern) Europe's fastest game bird, (22) began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords (23)(promote) Guinness, an Irish drink, became the bestselling copyright title of all time (a category that excludes books such as the Bible and the Koran). In time, the book would sell 120 million copies in over 100 countries — quite a leap from its humble beginnings.In its early years, the book set its sights on (24) (satisfy) man's inborn curiosity about the natural world around him. Its two principal fact finders, twins Norris and Ross McWhirter, moved wildly around the globe to collect facts. It was their task to find and document aspects of life that can be sensed or observed, things that can be quantified or measured. But not just any things. They were only interested in superlatives: the biggest and the best. It was during this period (25)some of the remarkable Guinness Records were documented, answering such questions as "What is the brightest star?" and "What is the biggest spider?"Once aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge, the book's authors began to branch out to cover increasingly doubtful, little-known facts. They started documenting human achievements as well. A forerunner for reality television, the Guinness Book gave people (26)chance to become famous for accomplishing odd, often pointless tasks. Records were set in 1955 for consuming 24 raw eggs in 14 minutes and in 1981 for the fastest solving of a Rubik's Cube (which took a mere 38 seconds). In 1979 a man yodeled (用真假嗓音交替唱) non-stop for ten and aquarter hours.In its latest appearance, the book has found a new home on the internet. No longer (27) (restrict) to the limits of physical paper, the Guinness World Records website contains seemingly innumerable facts concerning such topics as the most powerful combustion (燃烧) engine, or the world's longest train. What is striking, however, is that such facts are found sharing a page with the record of the heaviest train to be pulled (28)a beard.Originating as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records (29)(evolve) over decades to provide insight into the full range of modern life. And although one may be (30) (likely) now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into thefuture of fact-finding and record-recording.Keys:21. concerning 22. what 23. to promote 24. satisfying 25. that 26. a 27. restricted 28. with 29. has evolved 30. more likelyn . Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Rhiannon Lambert, who treats about 180 clients a year with various kinds of eating disorders, says the number of those caused by “ clean eating " (21)(double) in the psast three yea“They develop particular habits, or won' t eat food when walking, because they think that food canonly be eaten when they (22)(seat), “ she said.Clean eating is promoted by some food bloggers, who are increasingly thought by a number of medical experts to be having a bad influence on young people today. " Young people lose this and cannot afford the lifestyle needed to follow it, “ Lambert said. Health bitaggers (23)have enough knowledge but offer dangerous advice. These people are now role models (24)word will inspire young people. I have clients who think they have to be a strict vegetarian to be successful. The extreme form of this is known as orthorexia nervosa (健康食品强迫症).Ursula Philpot, a dietitian at the British Dietetic Association, said, “Its difficult to blame them completely. If it weren ' t the bloggers, then it could be (25)else. Orthorexia affectsmore girls than boys, although boys are much more affected than girls. " Philpot said, " /of most people 'li s ts of bad foods includes gluten (效质)and dairy. (26) you talk to young people more, you will find some of them worry all day about eating a biscuit. 〞The condition starts out as an attempt (27) (eat) more healthily, but those who experience it fully focus on food quality and purity. " There may be several reasons for someone to t ake up clean eating, “ Philpot said. " Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses and their causes are complex.Research is telling us that they may be more biologically based than we thought, (28) social and environmental factors also play a part in their development. 〞Deanne Jade, the founder of the National Centre for Eating Disorders, said, “ A lot of yo people don' t hink they need treatment and there are too many messages in the media. What worries me is that a lot of people (29) (promote) these ideas have no knowledge of nutrition. I don ' t know what the solution is, but in many cases, getting people to recover from an eating disorder means (30)(get) them to relax their ideas about clean eating. 〞Keys:21. has doubled 22. are seated 23. may / might 24. whose 25. someone26. When / If 27. to eat 28. but/ although / though 29. promoting 30. gettingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Make the Most of Your Lunch HourShould you grab a bite at your desk or eat with yo ur colleagues? That depends on what ' s onyour agenda for the rest of the day.Lunch hours (21)(get) shorter and shorter and even disappearing in some parts of today ' s working world. With fewer employees (22)(ask) to accomplish more in a day , many Americans treat lunch not as a break but as just another task to squeeze into an already over-booked day.But do quick meals at the desk actually improve productivity over more leisurely meals?The researchers only studied 32 employees, so the findings are debatable. But when they assigned one group to eat at their desks and another to dine with a colleague at a restaurant, they found those who ate lunch together showed a decline (23)their performance on tests that measured concentration, memory and the ability to catch errors and read emotions in facial expressions following lunch than before lunch. Both groups ate the same meals, but those who ate alone were only given 20 minutes to consume their food, (24)the paired participants were allowed one hour in the restaurant. Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cognitive processing as those who ate in the restaurant.What was responsible for the change? There were too many variables at play to determine which had the strongestinfluence on cognitive control-- was it the companionship, or was it the restaurant environment (25) other diners were present, music was played and the meal was served by wait staff, or was it the longer time to enjoy the meal?(26)factor was responsible, the group that took a restaurant lunch break came back more relaxed, say the authors, and that likely affected their cognitive sharpness. Sharing a meal outside the office with a friend appears to have a (27)(calm) effect, and while it reduces intellectual skills, it may develop social harmony and teamwork, which (28) be an important feature of some work tasks.But don' feel sorry for the lone lunchers. It turns out (29) since they were able to maintain their cognitive skills following the meal, they might be in a better position (30) (think) creatively for projects that require more innovative solutions or approaches.Keys:21.are getting 22. asked 23. in 24. while 25.where 26.Whichever/Whatever 27.calming 28. can/may 29. that 30.to think Eight【2021届上海市静安区高三英语二模试题】II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When Jennifer Lawrence tripped on her way to accept her best actress Oscar one year, her pink princess-like Dior dress (21) (capture) in all its glory. The unscripted moment became hot topic throughout social media.That bonus air-time for a single dress at one of the worlds global events is priceless for the likes of Dior, one of the (22)(influential) fashion houses in the luxury marketplace.Success on the red carpet can earn exposure and profits for luxury brands for years (23) (come). The red carpet, which will be televised live before Academy Award ceremony, presents a great opportunity for a designer to reach an audience that expands (24)the fashion setting. The Lawrence dress received about 40 million mentions on various social media.One way of estimating the monetary benefits of having a standout dress on the red carpet is to compare how much a brand would otherwise spend on commercial advertising during the same time. (25)Lawrence had only 75 seconds of solo camera time for her Oscar acceptance speech, Dior had to pay more than $4 million for a commercial spot of the same duration on similar occasions. And this didn't include the time (26)(devote) to Lawrence and her dress on the pre-showtelevised red carpet. Lawrence, 23, had an advertising contract with Dior.(27)the group ' s deal with Lawreffccted its sales was clearly stated in its annualfinancial report. That year, the group clothing section ' s profits (28)(total)165 millioneuros, up 26 percent from the previous year.Heston, the founder of a publicity firm, (29)success stories include introducingJimmy Choo shoes and designer Saab to Hollywood, believes that the Oscar red carpet is today dominated by established luxury brands. Finding it much more difficult to compete with big brand names to dress super stars on big events, many young designers turn to (30)(bet) on promising rising stars, expecting an overnight success if the young stars rise to sudden fame.Keys: 21 was captured 22 most influential 23 to come 24. beyond 25 Although28 totaled 29 whose 30 betting26 devoted 27 HowNine【2021届上海市崇明区高三英语二模试画II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New " Star Wars " Attractions Set to Open at Disney Theme Parks in 2021The galaxy (银河系)that seems so far, far away just got a little closer.On Tuesday, Disney announced “Star Wars: Galaxy ' s Edge 〞 , a highKexb秘t) themed land under construction, would open in summer 2021 at California ' s Disneyland and in late fall 2021 at Florida ' s Disney World.(22)the announcement was made, officials had only said the new land would open soon.No specific date (23)(announce) for the Disneyland opening. But if past summer openings are any indication, “ Galaxy ' s Edge " is expected to open in late June.The additions will be Disney ' (24) (big) “singlethemed land expansion ever,according to Disney CEO Bob Iger. Each will be an expansive 14 acres (英亩).A copy of theMillennium Falcon spaceship, (25) guests will be able to pilot, will be a key attraction.Galaxy ' Edge will immerse (使沉浸于)visitors in the Star Wars universe, (26)(transport) them to a never-before-seen Star Wars planet —a remote trading port largely ignoredby warring people and one of the last stops before wild space. This planet is (27) StarWars characters and their stories will come to life. It will feature two major attractions:(28)allowing guests to pilot the Millennium Falcon and the other dropping riders intothe middle of a battle. The most advanced video techniques are expected to power each attraction.Even as Galaxy ' s Edge 29) (approach), Disneyland is making changes, both largeand small, in advance. Recent projects have shifted queues for “ Dumbo the Flying Elephant"It ' s a Small Wor:ldThese are the efforts to improve traffic flows near the attractions. Similarchanges have been made in Adventureland (30) (ease) congestion points. Work hasstarted on a new luxury resort in Downtown Disney. Officials have closed Rainforest Caf , ESPN e Zone and AMC Theaters to make room.Keys:21. expected 22. Until/Before 23. was announced 24. biggest 25. which26. transporting 27. where 28. one 29. approaches/is approaching 30. to easeII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Going out to Sun Peaks for FunWe went looking for some family ski fun, not too far from greater V ancouver, and we found it and more at Sun Peaks resort, (21) ____________________________ (locate) just 20 minutes outside of Kamloops.Pulling into the village, you feel like you ' vcome along a mountainside wonderland (22) two hills. Right away you feel at peace in the mountains.Sun Peaks has two mountains for skiing and boarding, with lots of lift and capacity (23)(get) you around. Most accommodations throughout the village are ski-in/ ski-out, so you can park your car once and walk or ski (24)you need togo. Morrisey is on one side, and Todd Mountain on the other, connected by trails and a covered bridge, with skiable ground second in Canada only to Whistler. There is (25)for everyone, from snow flying saucer and snowmobile, to mini golf and jungle live CS. During the two days of skiing on the holiday, we never met more than five minutes of lineup, and many times we (26)(run) ourselves with fresh powder.Tubing is right there at the bottom of the main ski hill, perfect for parents who want to have some drinks at Bottoms Bar & Grill (27)the kids keep the fun going into the evening. The village is small and quite, so the kids (28)have a lot of freedom to run around and play.Bring your skates! There is an NHL-sized outdoor rink ( 溜冰场),just a 10 minute walk from the main village. Skate rentals are available, and you can join a game of drop-in hockey, or enjoy a family skate during one of the open ice times (29)go well into the evening, under the stars. Check with guest services to see if the rink is open, since it is weather dependent.In the summertime at Sun Peaks, the chairlifts switch up to accommodate mountain bikes and hikers. Downhill biking trails create adventure for those (30)(look) for excitement, and the golf course at Sun Peaks provides hours of great scenic links.Keys:21. located 22. between 23. to get 24. where 25. something26. ran 27. while 28. can 29. that/which 30. lookingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to Learn How to SortWhatever we don want ---- no matter whether it eggshi£lls,newspapers, soda cans or old socks ---- it '谢garbage. And garbage goes to the garbage bin. There seems to be (21) wrong with that. But do you really know how to throw away garbage properly?China (22)(promote) garbage sorting for over a decade, but for the majority of the public the concept hasn -in.tSsunkzhen issued a new regulation. It says residents will be finedup to 100 yuan and organizations 1,000 yuan for not sorting rubbish(23)specific groups.“It evident that the government is determined to push this forward, said Zhang Ning, a program officer (24) (serve) in a Beijing- based public welfare organization. " Butl ' m afraid the regulation will prove to be counter-productive because garbage sorting has never been achieved by merely imposing severe punishments. 〞A recent survey found that 49.5 percent of the respondents said they still don how tot knowsort garbage, (25) 45.5percent just can ' b e bothered to do it. " Loof citizens(26) (confuse)about what'recyclable and what' general waste. For example, it ' scarcely known that tissue is non-recyclable because it ' s toooisture-prone and usually too polluted(27) (recycle). 〞 said Zhang, a representative.According to Zhang, 70 percent of garbage is a "(28)(misplace) resource 〞For instance, a ton of test steel can be refined into 0.9 tons of usable steel, and a ton of kitchen waste is able to produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.But all of this is based on the condition(29)the garbage is categorized properly. And the behavior of households(30)the sorting process initially starts ---- is the key. Garbage sorting is a chain effect. Misconduct at the very beginning will make all the following efforts go in vain.Garbage sorting is a complex issue and takes patience. So next time when you throw away what is called “ garbage 〞 , do it in the right way.Keys21.nothing 22. has promoted/ has been promoting 23. into 24. serving25. while 26. are confused 27. to be recycled 28. misplaced 29. that 30. whereSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one。

2019届上海市高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编(含答案)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Minghai had been a monk for four years. He came here when he was thirteen. The name of this place is a bit strange. It’s called Nunnery Zhao Village. Zhao, because most of the folks in the village were surnamed Zhao. It’s called a village, but people lived scattered all over – two or three families here, two or three families there. Stepping outside, the houses could be seen in the distance, but it took some time to reach them on foot because there were no roads, and a person had to follow the winding field ridges. Nunnery, because there was a nunnery there. It was called Bodhi Nunnery, but most people pronounced it Biqi Nunnery. _______67_______ “Where is your temple?” “Biqi Nunnery.” A nunnery was originally a place where nuns resided; monks lived in temples and nuns in nunneries. But Monks lived at Biqi Nunnery. Perhaps it was because Biqi Nunnery was small – temples are big and nunneries are small.When Minghai lived at home, he was called Little Mingzi. ______68______ They didn’t call it leaving the home life where he came from; they called it being a monk. His hometown producedmonks the way other places produced pig gelders, mat weavers, bucket makers, cotton fluffers, artisans, and prostitutes. His hometown produced monks. If a family had a lot of boys, one would be sent to be a monk. In order to be a monk, one had to rely on connections or groups. Minghai’s family didn’t have a large amount of farmland, and his three older brothers were enough to farm the land they had. He was the fourth son. The year he turned seven, his uncle, who was a monk, returned home for a visit. After his parents conferred with his uncle, it was decided that he would become a monk. ______69______ Being a monk had its advantages. One didn’t have to cook – every temple had someone who was in charge of the meals. One could also save money. As long as one learned to relieve the hunger of hungry ghosts and release their souls, and to chant the Litany of Liang Wu Di for the dead, he normally shared some money, and by saving it up, he could resume secular life by taking a wife. If he didn’t resume secular life, he could buy several mu of land. But being a monk wasn’t that easy. One had to have a face like a bright moon, a bell-like voice, and be smart and have a good memory. His uncle examined his features and had him take a few steps forward and then back. He had him shout as if he were driving an ox on a threshing ground: “gedangde…” His conclusion was: “Mingzi has what it takes to be a good monk. I guarantee it!” But to be a monk, one had to invest a little by studying for several years. _______70_______ Thus Mingzi began to study. He read The Three-Character Classic, The Hundred Surnames, The Four Characters and Mixed Words, The Elegant Valuable Collection for Young Learners, The Analects in two volumes, and The Mengzi in two volumes. Every day he wrote a page of characters, which the villagers praised as good and solid.Keys: 67-70 ACFBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Bill Gates doesn't pretend he lives in an egalitarian(主张平等的）household. When it comes to parenting his three children, the billionaire Microsoft giant readily admits his wife Melinda has done more than her share of the work raising the kids."My wife does 80%," Gates told a crowd of Harvard students last Thursday. Gates spent two years there taking math and computer science courses as a pre-law student, but never finished up his degree. "My eldest graduates from Stanford in June, so I'm optimistic she won't fall into my footsteps," Gates joked._______67_______ They followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model. The core idea of their philosophy is centered on the idea of exerting emotional control, essentially minimizing emotional reactions like shouting or scolding kids. ____68______ Gates admits he and his wife haven't been perfect at carrying out the approach. "Can you get rid of the emotion? You can't totally do it," he said.Aside from reining in hot-blooded parent tempers, the love and logic model also stresses the importance of not leaning into rewards for kids, but instead demonstrating unconditional love and admiring kids for who they are, not what they do (or don't) achieve, like a poor test score."Many highly successful people struggled with grades as children," Fay wrote on his site. "______69______"The model is a bit like the ideal method, in that it pushes parents to focus on asking questions of their kids and getting them to think about how to solve their own problems, instead of feeding them answers._____70_____. However, he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids.It wasn't the only way he set boundaries for his children while they were growing up. None of his kids owned a cell phone until they were 14 years old. And they will each get about $10 million of their parents fortune as inheritance, a mere fraction of the mogul's roughly $90 billion net worth. "We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything, but not a lot of money showered on them so they could go out and do nothing," Gates once told TED.Keys: 67-70 FBDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.There’s no denying crows are smart. They can remember where food has been hidden, recognize faces and craft tools.And, according to a new paper in Scientific Reports, some crows can even make those tools from memory. This skill may point to these clever corvids having a sort of culture of their own.Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, worked specifically with New Caledonian crows. _____67_____ But experts haven’t been able to make sure where the crows pick up their skills. A bird in one area can construct the same tool as another bird miles away — but there’s no evidence bird one watched bird two build the gadget in order to copy it. And New Caledonian crows don’t really have a language, either._____68_____ Jelbert and her team had a hunch(预感) that it was because the birds were building based on the memory of tools they’d seen.To test this, the group trained eight crows to place pieces of paper into a pseudo-vending machine (really just a wooden box) to get a treat. _____69_____ Once they learned which sizes were rewarded, Jelbert and her team then gave the feathered participants large cards; the birds could fashion these into the coin sizes they’d picked up on earlier. Importantly, the crows didn’t get any sort of template(模板) when they were working with the big cards. And the birds snipped them into pieces that were similar in size to the coins they’d learned would get them treats.Given the lack of a template to copy, it seems the crows were able to construct mental images of the coins and use it to replicate a tool. ______70_____ These birds can see something and not just build it from memory, but potentially make improvements in their designs. “Most importantly,” the authors say in the study, “an improvement made by a crow during its lifetime could become part of the template learnt by subsequent generations, leading to an increase in tool complexity over time.” And this progression is a key component of cultural progression.Jelbert and her team recognize there’s still work to be done to see if their hypothesis is solid, like testing how long the crows can remember their mental images of the tools.Keys: 67-70 D A C EIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.When we talk about healthy brain ageing we are really discussing one of two things: how to minimise ongoing damage to the hardware of the brain, mostly by keeping its blood supply as good as possible; or how to improve the operation of the brain’s software. ______101_____ There is currently no magic bullet to protect the brain, but one area that has been best researched, and about which we can say with reasonable confidence, “this will help”, is mental activity.There is plenty of evidence that older people who stay mentally active, by learning a new language, doing crosswords or taking part in other intellectually challenging activities, preserve full cognitive function for longer. They have spent more time doing cognitively demanding activities over a lifetime, and they are, to some extent, buffered from the physical effects of brain ageing and degenerative diseases. We call this buffer “cognitive reserve” – a back-up reservoir of brain functionthat can protect from the consequences of brain damage, allowing us to continue to perform well. For example, people with a higher IQ, longer education or cognitively challenging employment have been found to have a lower risk of developing dementia. ______102______ In fact, studies have found that people with higher cognitive reserve who do get dementia exhibit less severe symptoms even when they have more brain damage than those with lower cognitive reserve.______103_____ The more we understand about its role in protecting our brain and how to boost our reserve, the more effective we will be in designing interventions to keep the human brain healthier for longer.The good news is that cognitive reserve isn’t exclusive to those who have the IQ of a genius or who’ve devoted their life to theoretical physics. ______104______ Therefore, taking part in cognitively challenging activities, learning new skills and continuing to “use it or lose it” probably applies no matter how old you are. Crucially, it’s never too late to start.Keys: 101-104 E C F AIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. _______67_______.It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ______68_______.People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. _______69______. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.This is what the story of mankind has been like. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years.______70______. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.Keys: 67-70BADEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.In Western countries, it is common to talk about American technology being dominant. However, Asian firms have leapfrogged ahead, offering a new model of financial technology. Exhibit A is Ant Financial, a payments company attached to Alibaba. _____67_____ it has 520 million payments customers at home and 112 million in its affiliates(隶属机构) abroad, mainly in Asia. In May, Ant signed a deal to install its payments system in millions of American retail outlets. It is in the process of buying Money Gram, a Texas-based money-transfer firm active in over 200 countries.Jack Ma, the tycoon who controls Alibaba and Ant, has a grand vision to turn a Chinese empire into a global one. For Ant there are two opportunities. One is a business known as “merchants acceptance”, machines for paying for goods in shops and hotels. At the moment Chinese travellers often use Union Pay. _____68_____ Besides, Ant is expanding through its affiliates overseas. It owns about half of Paytm, an Indian digital-payments star. And has bought stakes in fintech firms in numerous Asian countries. Buying Money Gram would give Ant licenses abroad and clients who could be urged to use digital services._____69_____ First, rising competition is dampening(抑制) margins. At home WeChat has helped boost Tencent’s market share in digital payments from 15% in 2014 to 33% last year. Abroad, Ant is not the first mover. In South-East Asia several e-commerce firms are bolting payments onto their apps to attract and keep more customers. In America, Apple Pay is accepted in 4.5m locations. Another is foreign governments’ unwillingness for Chinese firms to have a big role in their financial systems. America’s national-security review panel is looking at the Money Gram deal. China’s financial system is isolated from the rest of the world. Ant has evolved in a distinct and more efficient way. ______70______.Keys: 67-70 CFADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.FIVE WAYS TO KILL YOUR DREAMSI dedicated the past two years to understanding how people achieve their dreams. When we think about the dreams we have, and the dent we want to leave in the universe, it is striking to see how big of an overlap there is between the dreams that we have and projects that never happen. So I'm here to talk to you today about five ways how not to follow your dreams.One: 67You know the story, right? The tech guy built a mobile app and sold it very fast for a lot of money. You know, the story may seem real, but I bet it's incomplete. If you go investigate further, the guy has done 30 apps before and he has done a master's on the topic, a Ph.D. He has been working on the topic for 20 years.This is really interesting, I myself have a story in Brazil that people think is an overnightsuccess. I come from a humble family, and two weeks before the deadline to apply to MIT, I started the application process. And, voila! I got in. People may think it's an overnight success, but that only worked because for the 17 years prior to that, I took life and education seriously. Your overnight success story is always a result of everything you've done in your life through that moment. Two: Believe someone else has the answers for you.Constantly, people want to help out, right? All sorts of people: your family, your friends, your business partners, they all have opinions on which path you should take: 'And let me tell you, go through this pipe.' But whenever you go inside, there are other ways you have to pick as well. And you need to make those decisions yourself. 68 .And you need to keep picking those decisions, right? The pipes are infinite and you're going to bump your head, and it's a part of the process.Three: it's very subtle but very important: Decide to settle when growth is guaranteed.So when your life is going great, you have put together a great team, and you have growing revenue, and everything is set -- time to settle. When I launched my first book, I worked really, really hard to distribute it everywhere in Brazil. With that, over three million people downloaded it, over 50,000 people bought physical copies.When I wrote a sequel, some impact was guaranteed. Even if I did little, sales would be okay. But okay is never okay. When you're growing towards a peak, you need to work harder than ever and find yourself another peak. Maybe if I did little, a couple hundred thousand people would read it, and that's great already. But if I work harder than ever, I can bring this number up to millions. That's why I decided, with my new book, to go to every single state of Brazil. And I can already see a higher peak. There's no time to settle down.Four：Blame others for the fault.I constantly see people saying, 'Y es, I had this great idea, but no investor had the vision to invest.' 'Oh, I created this great product, but the market is so bad, the sales didn't go well.' Or, 'I can't find good talent; my team is so below expectations. 69 Y es, it may be hard to find talent. Yes, the market may be bad. But if no one invested in your idea, if no one bought your product, for sure, there is something there that is your fault. Definitely. You need to get your dreams andmake them happen. And no one achieved their goals alone. But if you didn't make them happen, it's your fault and no one else's. Be responsible for your dreams.Five: Only pay attention to dreams themselves.Once I saw an ad, and it was a lot of friends, they were going up a mountain, it was a very high mountain, and it was a lot of work. You could see that they were sweating and this was tough. And they were going up, and they finally made it to the peak. Of course, they decided to celebrate, right? I'm going to celebrate, so, 'Yes! We made it, we're at the top!' Two seconds later, one looks at the other and says, 'Okay, let's go down.'Life is never about the goals themselves. Life is about the journey. Yes, you should enjoy the goals themselves, but people think that you have dreams, and whenever you get to reaching one of those dreams, it's a magical place where happiness will be all around. 70The only way to really achieve all of your dreams is to fully enjoy every step of your journey. That's the best way.Keys: 67-70 BCDFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.We Americans ingest an average of 25 pounds of rice a year-and a portion of that comes drinking beer. Yes, rice is a sample in our diet. But is it a safe one? Consumer Reports recently found" troubling "levels of inorganic arsenic, a known human carcinogen (a substance which can cause cancer), in almost every rice-containing food it tested. (67)._________ But rice takes up arsenic from soil and water more readily than other grains do.Health-conscious consumers rely on brown rice, which has even more arsenic. In the Consumer Reports test, a quarter cup of uncooked white rice had from roughly 1 to 7 micrograms of inorganic arsenic, while brown rice had from 4 to 10 micrograms. Why the difference? (68) __________.What about rice cakes? They contained from 2 to 8 micrograms per serving, while hot and ready-to-eat rice cereals had 2 to 7 micrograms: These levels are at least five times higher than rice cereals had 2 to 7 micrograms. These levels are at least five times higher than those found in other cereals, such as oatmeal.Studies show that people exposed to large amounts of arsenic for many years are more likely to die of cancer. In Bangladesh, people who drank tap water that contained 50 to 149 micrograms of arsenic per liter for a0 or 30 years, for example, were 44 percent more likely to die of cancer.(69)________ (The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limits the total amount of arsenic in drinking water to 10 micrograms per liter.) But our total risk is unclear. There isn’t enough date to set a limit on inorganic arsenic in food, says the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.The Bottom Line: (70)_______ Consumer Reports recommends that adults eat no more than 11/2 to 2 cups of cooked(brown or white)rice a week, And here is a way to lessen risk: Rinse yourrice, cook it in six parts water to one part rice until it reaches eating texture, and then pour off the extra water. This can remove about half the arsenic.Keys: 67-70 CFBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Asking for a little can go a long wayThroughout this book we’ve attempted to provide evidence to support ou r claims that we can successfully move people to say yes. 67Along with several colleagues, one of us sent out to do just that. We thought that, when asked to make a donation, even those who would like to support the charity in some way say no, because they can’t afford to donate very much, and they assume that the small amount that they can afford wouldn’t do much to help the cause. 68To set this hypothesis(假设), our research assistants went door to door to request donations for the American Cancer Society. After introducing themselves, they asked the residents, “Would you be willing to help by giving a donation?” For half the residents the request ended there. _____69_____When we analyzed the results we found that, consistent with our hypothesis, people in the “even a penny will help” half of the sample were almost twice as likely to donate to the cause. And the amount the individuals gave was also found to be more or less the same in both halves, so the people in the “even a penny” half did not donate less.70 Applications in the workplace might be: to a co-worker regarding a joint project, “Just an hour of your time would really help;” to a co-worker whose handwriting is illegible, “Just a little more clarity would help.” The chances are that this little step in the right direction won’t prove so little after all.Keys: 67-70 EACBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.To Wear or Not to WearAfter a strict head teacher in the U.K. sent 80 students home for uniform violations(违例), the Guardian held a discussion about whether wearing school uniforms makes a difference.School uniform is very important. It does improve my concentration, because it reminds me that I’m at school to learn. But I’m not sure if that’s because I’m used to wear ing uniform and associate my own clothes with free time. 67 If everyone is wearing the same clothes, it’s impossible to make fun of other people’s clothing. I don’t think this ignores a child’s need to express themselves.-- David Hershman, a student at Stafford grammar school68 Students should start school with no uniform. As they progress through the school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school, and uniform is important for that. So, make them earn it! If they let the school down, they shouldn’t be allowed to wear it. Look at the Marines（海军陆战队）---- they can’t wait to get that beret（贝雷帽）.--Tim Francis, a former teacherI have had experience of teaching in both uniform and non-uniform schools. I can definitely see the benefits of students wearing uniform. Uniform can be important in creating a sense of school identity and community. It is often a source of collective pride for students. 69Teaching students how to express themselves with confidence, rather than the length of their tie, should be the priority.--Enayah Byramjee, an educational development directorIn a perfect world, school uniform would not exist. Children would express their personalities through their clothes at school, just as they do at home. School wouldn’t impress on pupils the need to wear skirts to a certain length. We don’t live in a perfect world, however. 70My house is often filled with uniform-wearing girls. The best thing about uniform, for me as a parent, is the simplicity.--Joanna Moorhead, a mother of fourKeys: 67-70 BAEFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, 41 . I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost 42 on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____43____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____44____or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor (倦怠) had ____45____ this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet (铅锤) and sounding-line (测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ____46____ before my education began, only I was without ____47____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____48____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____49____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____50____ all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____51____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____52____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____53____ with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____54____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____55____.41. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant42. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously43. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away44. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel45. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated46. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet47. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion48. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor。

2019年高考英语完形填空真题详解及备考建议

2019年高考英语完形填空真题详解【2019年上海卷】(A)Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restauran than they are at your own home? Probably so. 45 you are aware that people judge you byyour table manners. You take special pains when you are eating 46 . Have you ever stoppedto realize how much less self-conscious you would be on such occasions if 47 tablemanners had become a habit for you? You can make them a habit by 48 good tablemanners at home.Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at50 make mealshome as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Goodmore enjoyable for everyone at the table.By this time you probably know quite well what good table manners are. You 51 thatkeeping your arms on the table, talking with your 52 full and wolfing down your food arenot considered good manners. You know also that if you are mannerly, you say “please”　andr things to be passed to you.“Thank you” and ask foHave you ever thought of a pleasant attitude as being 53 to good table manners? Notonly are pleasant mealtimes enjoyable, but they aid digestion. The dinner table is a 54 forenjoyable conversation. It should never become a battleground. You are definitely growing in socialmaturity(成熟) when you try to be an agreeable table companion.45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though46. A. in public B. at home C. at ease D. in a hurry47. A. such B. no C. some D. good48. A. acting B. enjoying C. practicing D. watching49. A. comfortable B. stressed C. depressed D. outstanding50. A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends51. A. mention B. prefer C. doubt D. realize52. A. stomach B. bands C. mouth D. bowl53. A. essential B. considerate C. obvious D. unusual54. A. time B. place C. chance D. way【题号】45 【答案】A【详解】在朋友家或饭店的table manners 比在家好，是因为别人会通过table manners评判你。

2019届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--语法填空(带答案精准校对提高版)

II．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ASection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, (21)________members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct is (22)_______ the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many peoples lives. It is the same instinct that drives people (23)_______(dress) one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” (24)_____ _______ it is not necessarily true. There is (25)______ practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important (26)_______ it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults (27)______ feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt (28)______ they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may (29)_____ ______ (urge) to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be (30)_______, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believeare wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.Keys: 21on 22 why 23 to dress 24 even if 25 a26 that 27 may 28 because 29 be urged 30 themselvesII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Victorian village children had little more than their surroundings and the imaginings (21)______ ______ to content themselves. Francis Kilvert came across this happy scene one day in January 1870:” In the Common Field in front of the cottages(村舍) I found two little figures in the dusk. One tiny naughty boy (22)______(bind) a handkerchief carefully round the face of another even more tiny than (23)______. It was Fred and Jerry Savine. “What are you doing to him?”, I asked Fred. “Please, Sir,” said the child seriously, “we are going to play seek-and-hide.” The two children were quite alone, bu they went on seriously with their game （24）______ _____ they were in a magnificent playground with dozens of children to play with. Oh, the wealth of a child’s imagination and capacity for enjoyment of minor stuff.Sometimes their fun served all the family--blackberrying, (25)______(nut) or picking apples in autumns--though often it was to gather for themselves a little of (26)______ the countryside had to offer. Sybil Marshall and her friends in Cambridgeshire explored and en joyed the world that lay all around them. Looking back to her childhood she wrote: “We dug up tansy roots (27)______(eat) and filled our pockets with wheat whenever we could. We then went on w gather different sorts of flowers to dress ourselves up to play”Kings and Queens”.Children played in the Victorian countryside-- and shopkeeping was one of their games. They also worked Labouring families were among the largest in this country for the reason that almost as soon as they could walk and talk the children (28)_______(expect) to help in some way. The help might be (29)______ the form of small domestic duties, though in areas of cottage industry girls would be made to learn handicraft skills at an early age. And there were always jobs to bedone outside--gathering branches or running errands-- and promises to be carried from tasks such as scaring birds or picking stones from the fields. Farmers would prevent children working together, (30)______ they would soon turn to play. “Two boys is half a boy, and three boys no boys at all. At harvest, everyone, of any age, took part in the communal effort.The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a (31) _____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. It (32) ________ coastlines, communities and brought death to many people.Keys: 21. with which 22. was binding 23. himself 24. as if/as though 25. nutting26. what 27. to eat 28. would be expected 29. in 30. since /as /because/forII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Car Cleaner Sent to PrisonLast week, cleaner Peter Blain was sent to prison for six years after (21)________ (find) guilty of stealing. Blain is no ordinary, however, and at first, police were confused about the case. The fact was that over a period of months, Blain cleaned thirty-six cars. This (22)_________not sound like a crime, but they were not his cars, it was not his job and he (23)_________(not pay) to clean them.All the cars, many of (24)________had a price of more than ￡40,000 each, were stolen from expensive car showrooms in the Midlands area of England. Blain was able to steal the cars using a technique which he perfected over time. He walked into car showrooms and pretended that he wanted to buy a car. He then chose a car and said he wanted test-drive it. He drove away from roads, never (25)_________(come) back, absolutely spotless inside and out. Blain washed and clean each one (26)_________leaving it. He was called, “the man you would most want to steal your car” by one judge.When asked in court, Blain revealed that he stole cars in order to make (27)________feelimportant. He explained that he was a cleaner who didn’t have his own car. So, he drove each car to a different street and spent time cleaning it. He said he felt happy when people saw him and thought the car was (28)__________.When the police finally worked out what was happening, Blain was arrested at his home in Sheffield. (29)_________the cars weren’t damaged and he didn’t sell the cars for his own financial benefit, Judge Alan Goldsack told him that a long prison sentence was inevitable. The judge explained that the owners of the car showrooms were victims and (30)_________Blain’s actions did affect their business.Keys: 21.being found 22. may 23. wasn’t paid24. which ing26. before27. himself28. his29. Although/ Though/ While30. thatII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Documentary in Japan Reveals Dark HistoryEvery September 2 --a day marking Japan’s surrender in the War of Aggression Against China --is a sensitive day for China and Japan. It has become routine (21)______ on the day Japan’s prime minister gives an empty speech and China urges Japan to reflect upon the history. This year, however, Japanese broadcaster NHK’s independent voice won universal praise in China.Last month, NHK, Japan’s national public broadcasting organization, broadcast a documentary titled The Truth of Unit 731. Unit 731 was a secret chemical warfare development of unit of the Japanese military during WWII. Set up around 1936 in Harbin, it conducted cruel experiments (22)______ live human beings to test chemical weapons. Most of the victims were Chinese, some of (23)______ were children. The unit is a subject seldom touched in Japan. The authorities have been eager to cover up that part of history. The documentary, however, reveals the cold-blooded truth to the public.“I have seen no one who left the camp alive after (24)______(experiment) on,” said an officer of Unit 731. Another officer told NHK that (25)______(cover) up their crimes, the unit killed all the people who survived their experiments. “The war was so cruel... it was something that (26)______ never have happened,” he said with tears in eyes in the documentary.In China, Unit 731 has had such a bad reputation that even kids in kindergarten(27)______(hear) about it. The documentary immediately caught Chinese audience’s attention(28)______ was widely discussed on China’s social media. Many netizens praised NHK’s courage and called it a “station with a conscience” for releasing the documentary at such a sensitive time.When (29)______(ask) about China’s opinion on the documentary, the Foreign Ministry spokesperson replied that the country appreciates the courage of (30)______ who chose to reveal the historical truth. Meanwhile, she urged the Japanese government again to deeply reflect upon the history of aggression by the Japanese military.Keys: 21. that 22.on 23.whom 24.being experimented 25. to cover26.should 27.have heard 28.and 29.asked 30.thoseSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Crown Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to any guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator(发电机). The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint. Guests will have to produce at least 10 watt hours of electricity-roughly 15 minutes of cycling for someone of average fitness. Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will ______21_____（give）meat tickets worth $ 36 _____22_____they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity. The bicycles will have smart phones ____23______ (attach) to the handlebars measuring how much power _____24_____ (generate) for the hotel.The plan, a world-first, _____25______ (start) on 19 April and run for a year. Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part. Fredericka Tomemmergaard, hotel spokeswoman,said, “Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym. There ____26______be people who will cycle just _____27_____(get) a free meal, but generally I don’t think people will take advantage of our programme.”Copenhagen has a long-standing cycling tradition and 36% of locals cycle to work each day, one of _____28______(high) percentages in the world , according to the websites visitcopenhagen dk. US environmental website treehugger com recently voted Copenhagen the world’s best city for cyclists. “____29___Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling, we felt the bicycle would work well _______30___a symbol of the hotel’s green profile(形象).”If successful, the electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK, the hotel said in a statement.Keys: 21. be given 22. once 23. attached 24. is being generated 25. will start26. might 27. to get 28. the highest 29. Because 30. asII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.AA young man was getting ready to graduate from college.For many months he had wanted a beautiful sports car in a show room,and (21)_______(know) his father could well afford it,he told him that was all he wanted.As Graduation Day came near,the young man expected signs(22)______that his father had bought the gift.Finally,on the morning of his graduation,his father called him into his own study and told him how proud he was(23)________(have) such a fine son,and told him how much he loved him.He handed his son a beautifully wrapped gift box.Curious,and somewhat disappointed,the young man opened the box and found a lovely,leather(24)_________(bind) Bible, with the young man's name pressed in gold.Angry,he raised his voice to his father,and said "With all your money,you give me a Bible?" and stormed(25)_________the house.Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business.He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, (26)________realized his father was very old,and thought perhaps he should go to him.However,(27)________he could make arrangements,he received a telegram(28)_______(tell) him his father had passed away, and willed all his possessions to his son.When he arrived at his father's house,sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.He began to search through his father's important papers and saw the still gift-wrapped Bible just as he (29)_________(leave) had left it years ago.With tears,he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages.Suddenly,a car key dropped from the back of the Bible.It had a tag,which(30)________(read) the date of his graduation on it,and the words PAID IN FULL.BThe need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. (31)_________97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture,the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. (32)_______the idea of a water shortage seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country,many of the world's agricultural industries (33)________(experience) constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons,the costs of water redistribution are very high.Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself,but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. (34)________valleys（山谷）are flooded to create dams,houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides,water may flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to (35)_________.Each country (36)_________ therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation.In Texas, farmers overuse of irrigation water (37)_______ (result) in a 25% reduction of the water stores.In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA,a huge water engineering project provided water (38)________ farming in dry valleys,but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia's attempts (39)________ (grow) wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping ofhuge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves.Because there is no rainfall in these areas,such reserves can only decrease,and it is believed that fifty years of pumping (40)_______ (see) them run dry.Keys: 21.knowing 22.that 23.to have 24.bound 25.out of26.but 27.before 28.telling 29.had left 30.read31.With 32.Although 33.experience 34.Where 35.the other36.must 37.has result 38.for39.to grow 40.will seeII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.“Have you gotten married received a salary raise?” “Have you bought a house?”Are you familiar with these questions starting with have you?If you answer is yes, and you are getting sick of answering these questions, you probably have become a member of the “home-fear group”.The “home-fear group” refers to (21)________ feeling anxious about returning home during the spring Festival, they have deep concerns about going back home for such factors as heavy economic pressure, high cost of the festival, the troubles of buying tickets, the long distance of the journey and exposure of private matters (22)________ (involve) family or love life.Now, a special song has been tailor-made for this group.The seven-minute song utilizes a choir style and rap. The beginning of the song (23)_______(sing) by the choir, which involves a family scene (24)________ a recently returned young adult is asked a series of questions by family members. After the “question attack” from relatives, the young man decides to reflect (25)________ his past and also defend himself through rap.According to the official Weibo account of Shanghai rainbow indoor chorus, This is more than just a funny song but a useful guide for young people, a careful listen to some of the lyrics will inspire you on (26)________ to wisely answer many spring festival specific questions.“It is a very interesting yet brainwashing song, truly describing the (27)________ (satisfactory) situation quite a few young Chinese people have been trapped in” Sina Weibo user Santilin clouds said.According to a survey recently conducted among 1,918, young people have been by the research center at China Youth Daily, an overwhelming 86.4 percent of interviewees think it is necessary (28)_______ (return) to their homeland during the spring Festival, (29)______ _______ they are afraid of losing face for an average life or career.“Indeed, we (30)_______ not be that good but we will work hard in the future. That's enough! After all, the essence of spending the Spring Festival is reunion not compression,” the song echoes the theme at the ending.Keys: 21. those 22. involving 23. is sung 24. where 25. on26. how 27. less satisfactory 28. to return 29. even if 30. mayDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In most industrialized countries about 105 boys are born for every 100 girls, for a ratio of 1.05, known as the secondary sex ratio, or SSR; the primary sex ratio is the ratio at conception. This is often expressed as the percentage of boys among all births, or about 51.2 percent. The percentage of males among all births is not fixed, however. Since the 1950s and 1960s the overall SSR (21)__________ (decline) in the U.S., Canada and several European countries. There are also both personal and environmental factors that affect the average sex ratio.(22)_________chance of having a boy appears (23)__________(decline) with the mother's age, the father's age and the number of children the family already has. These effects are small. One study in Denmark found that the SSR of children born to fathers younger than 25 was 51.6 percent, which decreased (24)_________51.0 percent among children of fathers at least 40 years of age. Therefore it is unlikely that the declining SSR in many countries results solely fromlarge-scale changes in such personal factors. With regard to environmental factors, improved prenatal and obstetrical care during the first part of the 20th century is largely responsible for an (25)_________(increase) SSR over this period in many countries. The male fetus is more susceptible to loss in the womb than is the female fetus, so with more conceptions reaching term, proportionally more males are born.It is difficult to discern how much of the decrease in sex ratio since the 1950s arises from contaminants in the environment. What is known is that drug use, high occupational exposures and environmental accidents (26)__________ affect SSR. For example, hopeful mothers (27)_________ (take) clomiphene citrate (Clomid) for infertility bore babies with an SSR of only 48.5 percent. Workers producing 1,2- dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), a chemical used to kill worms in agriculture, experienced even larger decreases in the number of male babies . Effects of DBCP on sperm quality (28)__________ (discover) incidentally when male workers found that they were unable to father children. After the exposure ended, male workers experienced some recovery of sperm quality and 36 children were born to 44 workers. Of these 36 children only 10 were boys--an SSR of just 27.8 percent.These dramatic changes resulting from extreme exposures raise the concern that chemicals in the environment at (29)_________ (low) concentrations may also change the SSR by exposing people over longer periods of time. For example, there are reports that parental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury, each of which is widely distributed in the environment, can affect the sex ratio. (30)___________(confirm)such effects will take careful work on large populations, but the results may be quite important.Keys: 21.has declined /has been declining 22.The 23.to decline 24.to 25. increased26. can 27.taking 28. were discovered 29.lower 30.ConfirmingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never (21)______ (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys (22)________ (play) with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies (23)________ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls (24)_________ (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.(25)_________ is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly (26)_________ craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present (27)_______ is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life (28)________ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys (29)________ be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to (30)_________ used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.Keys: 21. to have been 22. played 23. where 24. are [being] prepared 25. What26.in 27.that 28.because 29.can 30.oneII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Feds Want to Know Who’s Protesting TrumpInternet companies often receive requests by law enforcement (21)________ customer info. to help with ongoing investigation. Rarely, however, (22)________ a court order hit up a Web hosting company for upwards of 1.3 million IP addresses to find out who’s been visiting a particular Web site.That’s exactly what happened recently when the U.S. Justice Department tried to get the company DreamHost to turn over contact info, e-mails, photos and data related to a Web site called DisruptJ20. DisruptJ20 (23)________(involve) in organizing protests against the Trump administration.DreamHost bristled at the court order and filed (24)________ appeal. Company special counsel Chris Ghazarian told me that DreamHost rarely gets requests to turn over that much client information. IP addresses, in particular, can identify (25)________ computers visited a site, when they visited, what they viewed and for how long. IP addresses can also be used to reveal a Web user’s identity.The Justice Department later revised its request, (26)________ (say) it was not going to force DreamHost to turn over text and photos from blog posts written but never (27)________ (post) to DisruptJ20.A Washington, D.C., Superior Court then further amended the government’s request. The judge asked the Justice Department to list the names of all government investigators who will have access to DreamHost’s data and to explain how it will search through the data to gather evidence against Trump dissenters. Justice (28)________ (bar) from sharing the information with other government agencies.We’ll see whether the government ends up prosecuting anyone (29)________(use) DreamHost’s data. If that happens it could drive digital civil disobedience to encrypted mobile apps or possibly the Dark web, a largely uncharted online realm (30)________ it’s easier to remain anonymous.That would raise disturbing questions about the state of citizens’ First Amendment11 rights in the U.S. these days.Keys: 21. for 22. will 23 has been involved 24. an 25. which26. saying 27. posted 28. is barred 29. using 30. whereII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Hair products have risen sharply in popularity over the past decade. The average woman spends about $50,000 on her hair over her lifetime and almost two hours a week (21) (style) her hair. What is the reason for the high interest in hair maintenance? This is not just because women believe that appearances are important, (22) also because hair represents their personality, thoughts and beliefs."I’m having a bad hair day!" Many women have said it. For them a bad hair day equals a bad day: when their hair is too frizzy (卷曲的),too dry, turning grey or falling out, their self-esteem is seriously affected. The ties (23)_____ hair and self-esteem is evident throughout history, philosophy and even religion.To some extent, hair has become a big part of women's identity. It helps define the persona (人物角色）they aim to create to impress others, whether as an intellectual or a rebel. Hair can also influence the way (24) they define themselves, as an extension of their identity.Blonde women, for example, often have to justify themselves about "not being dumb." Nevertheless, a significant percentage of white women have recently dyed their hair blonde. That may be attributed to the fact that blonde women are relatively (25) (attractive) to the opposite sex. Meanwhile, brunettes (26)________ (depict) as competent and red-haired women are believed to be "fiery (暴躁的)."However, (27)________most women can choose to change their hair as they wish, we often hear that some religions force women to cover their hair. And in Brazil, the Dominican Republic and many other Latin American countries, hairstyles are so important that women feel the need to straighten their hair to land a job. Hair really matters, as Hillary Clinton told Yale graduates in her commencement speech back in 2001. "'Your hair will send significant messages to those around you --- (28)________hopes and dreams you have for the world and for your hair"In a sense, the time and money (29)________ (spend) on their hair isn't just the exercise of personal preferences. It tells everyone how they feel about (30)________and their ability to。

2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones (无人机) hold huge ___41___ in the fight to save the world’s remaining wildlife from extinction. So researchers can now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It’s estimated that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade ___42___ to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to ___43___ the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable (易受伤害的) species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help ___44___: drones can circle high above the ocean to spot whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species.According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changing how preservation research is done —but it’s in a(n) ___45___ way. As technology gets better and cheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. ___46___, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university ___47___. Some teach drone surveying methods in depth while others don’t even mention them. “The fact is, using drones is quite a(n) ___48___ to the interdisciplinary (跨学科的) ‘unknown’ of engineering, and potentially an area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet,” Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. “Students are tau ght about ___49___ technologies such as automatic sound recorders, but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly ____50____ and focused on getting photos.”Wich’s team of researchers used t echniques to develop a fully automated drone technology system that ____51____ and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It’s designed to be cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it ____52____ without technical background. Yet it’s not more widely used on the grounds ofresearchers’ lack of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can programan algorithm(算法) specifically for their preservation or research p roblem. “There’s much thatneeds to be done to ____53____ those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that peoplewho can’t program can still use the technology,” Wich says.____54____, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save any more species from . dying out, Greengrass warns. “As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wildplaces. Preservationists are ____55____ for not doing enough but it’s often an issue of people,conflict and governance.” Technology may h elp provide far greater knowledge, but governmentsstill need to act.41. A. shortage B. threats C. potential D. responsibilities42. A. researchers B. authorities C. opponents D. professionals43. A. highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44. A. education B. preparation C. preservation D. distinction45. A. evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46 A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47. A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49. A. ill-intentioned B. fully-prepared C. well-established D. narrowly-applied50. A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51. A. controls B. tracks C. supervises D. improves52. A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55. A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedKeys: 41-45 CBACA 46-50 DABCD 51-55 BBACDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is ___41___?Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their ___42___ levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort level with different academic environments ___43___ a good college “fit”. Just as you might study a body of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to ___44___ the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment —and your ability to keep your “head above water” if admitted—before deciding to apply.When looking at academic difficulties as a(n) ___45___ of “fit”, you are likely to find that you have the capacity to “get the job done” academically in a range of college environments. ___46___ , you are not likely to have difficulty with the “water” itself. You will fit best, however, at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation enable you to rise to new levels of ___47___ .Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself ___48___. These places represent appropriate “bodies of water” for you academically.The best ___49___ of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academic requirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer ___50___ help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the ___51___ of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores) pile up against those of other students who will be ___52___ , most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?You need to be honest in ___53___ this part of the picture, especially if you are considering colleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over their heads competitively when they fail to consider the realodds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a ___54___ candidate at schools that can be very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools at such schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don’t___55___ your chances of getting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!41. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different42. A. explosive B. respective C. potential D. reasonable43. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of44. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete45. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention46. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast47. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience48. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually49. A. sources B. origins C. concerns D. demands50. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable51. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation52. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting53. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending54. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive55. A. grasp B. change C. create D. increaseKeys: 41-45 CBDCA 46-50 BCDAB 51-55 CABBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize（苦苦思索）over projectsat work, and even worry about small errors from the past. High ___41___ are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, ___42___ perfection can have serious consequences to mental and physical well-being.Since perfectionism is ___43___ with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___44___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being unsuccessful. ___45___, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. ___46___, imperfection can actually help us in the long run.One possible ___47___ to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset（思维方式）.Researchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with ___48___ mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a ___49___ role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to ___50___ when they make mistakes.Another ___51___ option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion（自我同情）. To understand self-compassion, thank about how you would ___52___ a close friend if they made a mistake. Chances are that you’d probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves ___53___ when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human, and avoid being ___54___ by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial for mental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate w ays. If you’re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try.Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive（认知的）behavioral therapy can be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning ___55___, and replacing self-criticism with self-compassion, it’s possible to overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself.41. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards42. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing43. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced44. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D. bound45. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average46. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead47. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent48. A. various B. fixed C. positive D. keen49. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable50. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive51. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable52. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with53. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently54. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed55. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunities Keys: 41~45 DDBAC 46~50 ABBCA 51~55 ACBDDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping it in the family“You understand grandmother when she talks to you, don’t you, darling?” The girl nods. I met her, her Danish mother and English father on a plane to Japan. The parents were eager to ___41___ their experience of bringing up their daughter bilingually(使用双语地) in London. It isn’t easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from her mother, who has come to ___42___ that she will reply in English. This can be painful. Not sharing your first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it on to your own child can be especially tough. Many immigrant parents feel a sense of ___43___.Children are languages easily, but this doesn’t mean that ___44___ exposure is enough. They must hear a language quite a bit to understand it—and use it often to be able to speak it comfortably. This is mental work, and a child who doesn’t have an intention to speak a language will often avoid it. So languages often die when parents move abroad. In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages. These days, officials tend to be ___45___; some even see a valuable resource in immigrants’ language abilities. Yet many factors ensure that children still lose their parents’ languages, or never learn them.A big one is institutional ___46___. A child’s time spent with a second language is time not spent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. Parents often ___47___ obey, worried about their children’s education. Th is is a(n) ___48___, for children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeed suggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while. But other studies hint at intellectual advantages among bilinguals. They may be more skillful at complex tasks, better at maintaining attention.Even without those side-effects, ___49___, a bilingual child’s connection to another culture is a good thing in itself. How to ___50___? When both parents share the native language, the strategy is often to speak that at home, and the national language outside. But when they have ___51___ languages, perhaps the most common approach is “one parent, one language”. François Grosjean, a language expert from Switzerland, ___52___ the necessity. He recommends reserving occasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs ___53___. Sabine Little, a language expert at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere. Making the native language yet another task ___54___ by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. She recommends letting the child form their own ___55___ connection to the language, for languages are not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.41. A. conceal B. publicize C. discuss D. imagine42. A. accept B. argue C. decide D. ensure43. A. excitement B. inferiority C. failure D. injustice44. A. momentary B. maximum C. repeated D. continued45. A. less stimulated B. less controlling C. more relieved D. more discouraging46. A. engagement B. feature C. prejudice D. pressure47. A. cheerfully B. faithfully C. immediately D. reluctantly48. A. instance B. shame C. ambition D. suggestion49. A. though B. hence C. besides D. otherwise50. A. keep it up B. carry it on C. figure it out D. bring it about51. A. multiple B. different C. foreign D. target52. A. removes B. challenges C. emphasizes D. ignores53. A. performed B. imposed C. shared D. recommended54. A. skillful B. powerful C. apparent D. emotionalKeys: 41-45 CACAB 46-50 DDBAD 51-55 BCABDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas(睡衣)! At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher ____41____ the students’ progress.The cyber school was ____42____ as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade 8 who have trouble succeeding in the district’s ____43____ public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual schools help students avoid the social pressures that can ____44____ with learning. In addition, supporters argue, online courses provide kids with more focused ____45____ and course options than they can get in a typical school.Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade, however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Many parents also feel that cyber schools put ____46____ time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids’ daily work.Technology can benefit education, but it shouldn’t ____47____ education. Students who go to virtual schools will miss many of the benefits of being in a real school.If kids attend school online, they will miss out on important social ____48____. PaytonMcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, III., agrees. “I don’t know how I could sit at a computer all day without ____49____ interacting with my peers and teachers,” he says.In addition, virtual schools don’t have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying ____50____ .Furthermore, online schooling puts stress on parents because they have to ____51____ what their kids do at home. Many parents have full–time jobs. How are they going to run their children’s education, ____52____ in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?Virtual schools will make it harder for students to learn and will put too much pressure on parents.Virtual learning does not need to replace classroom learning ____53____, but it can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those courses online and spend more time on them. Virtual schools can also offer students much more ____54____ schedules. Students often handle extracurricular activities, sports, and schoolwork, and cyber schools could help them manage everything.Finally, attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after ____55____. “We need to be responsible for working on our own,” says Angela Goscilo, a senior from Pound Ridge, N.Y. “We need to develop t echnology skills that will help us in whatever we do. Getting an early start is a good idea.”41. A. oversees B. suspected C. admitted D. predicted42. A. tolerated B. launched C. undergone D. transformed43. A. virtual B. superior C. traditional D. specialized44. A. agree B. put up C. go D. interfere45. A. attention B. definition C. foundation D. instruction46. A. unlimited B. uncivilized C. unrealistic D. unaffected47. A. turn to B. take over C. take in D. make up48. A. interactions B. education C. occupation D. identification49. A. actually B. presently C. naturally D. logically50. A. examined B. motivated C. exhausted D. represented51. A. compliment B. award C. supervise D. tempt52. A. negotiate B. innovate C. control D. excel53. A. entirely B. partially C. regularly D. purposely54. A. sustainable B. flexible C. relevant D. optimistic55. A. school B. study C. graduation D. education Keys: 41-45 ABCDD 46-50 CBAAB 51-55 CDABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People hold different views on almost anything, mainly because of the culture we are familiar with or the education we have received. We live in a ___41___ world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided souls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.So what is the possible solution to ___42___? If you are the one forcing others to feel ___43___ themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than ___44___ the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes. You’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and ___45___ in doing so, I would like my h usband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than have him point out what a ___46___ painter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.If you are on the ___47___ end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a(n) ___48___ response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the ___49___. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response ___50___ the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listenwithout feeling, to be a(n) ___51___ observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a ___52___ review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their ___53___ when necessary.___54___ , one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential ___55___, and then let it go and just be “OK”.41. A. dependent B. judgmental C. selfish D. creative42. A. criticism B. imperfection C. failure D. unawareness43. A. devoted to B. connected with C. ashamed of D. concerned about44. A.turn down B. get rid of C. cover up D. focus on45. A. making a mess B. asking for troubleC. having funD. offering a helpful hand46. A. considerate B. careless C. humble D. modest47. A. forcing B. receiving C. criticizing D. advising48. A. avoidable B. meaningless C. extreme D. natural49. A. impolite B. dangerous C. defensive D. regretful50. A. ignores B. acknowledges C. eliminates D. declines51. A. active B. initiative C. creative D. objective52. A. reasonable B. agreeable C. negative D. instructive53. A. praise B. presence C. comment D. help54. A. In any case B. On the contrary C. To begin with D. For instance55. A. harm B. conflict C. obstacle D. truthKeys: 41-45 BACDA 46-50 BBDCB 51-55 DCBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are ___41___ to post the results of their own labours online.Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository（库）, and astronomers are accustomed to ___42___ images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects -- but these remain the ___43___, not the rule. Historically, scientists have ___44___ sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the ___45___ are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data ___46___ . Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “___47___ a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve”. Funding agencies n ote that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products ___48___ and enable other researchers to discover and cite (引用) them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the ___49___ advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved ___50___ and increased citations. The most successful sharers -- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -- get noticed, and their work gets used. ___51___, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been ___52___ 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of' trees. “I’d much prefer to have my data used by the ___53___ number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be ___54___ .”Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding ___55___ later on.41. A. restricted B. reluctant C. desperate D. generous42. A. accessing B. processing C. analyzing D. identifying43. A. assumption B. mystery C. exception D. phenomenon44. A. longed for B. appealed to C. focused on D. objected to45. A. symptoms B. barriers C. advantages D. consequences46. A. controllable B. unique C. reliable D. public47. A. shift away from B. end up with C. give rise to D. build up48. A. secretly B. digitally C. ethically D. fairly49. A. material B. individual C. moral D. economic50. A. visibility B. awareness C. condition D. confidence51. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. For example D. After all52. A. downloaded B. updated C. optimized D. addressed53. A. moderate B. maximum C. average D. estimated54. A. reversible B. profitable C. reproducible D. recognizable55. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflictKeys: 41-45 BACDB 46-50 DABCA 51-55 CABCBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly ___41___ in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic ___42___ such as hard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the ___43___ to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in the country’s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have ___44___ prices. When the government have to step in and ___45___ the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under ___46___ natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is ___47___ over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality ___48___ labor also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers ___49___ plows or harvesters. One farmer can manage large lands of farms.Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists ___50___ it. Computers track farm operations, and even ___51___ technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control, ___52___. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often ___53___ the general economy. When negative factors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n) ___54___ situation. The government responded with ___55___ agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.41. A valued B. accessed C. implemented D. illustrated42. A. regulations B. virtues C. obligations D. requirements43. A. shortcut B. implication C. reward D. substitute。

2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--完形填空(解析版)

How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is41?
Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the
51of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores)pileup against those of other students who will be52, most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?
Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their42levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort level with different academic environments43a good college “fit”. Just as you might study a body of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to44thedifficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment—and your ability to keep your “head above water” if admitted—before deciding to apply.

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, 41 . I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost 42 on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____43____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____44____or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor (倦怠) had ____45____ this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet (铅锤) and sounding-line (测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ____46____ before my education began, only I was without ____47____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____48____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____49____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____50____ all things to me, and, more than all t hings else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____51____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____52____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____53____ withchildish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____54____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____55____.41. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant42. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously43. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away44. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel45. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated46. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet47. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion48. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor49. A. took B. shook C. clung D. rescued50. A. share B. devote C. reveal D. celebrate51. A. beforehand B. backward C. afterward D. forward52. A. illustrate B. exhibit C. guess D. imitate53. A. fluttered B. flourished C. flashed D. flushed54. A. unrealistic B. uncomprehending C. insurmountable D. unproductive55. A. title B. name C. credit D. roleKeys: 41-45 CBADA 46-50 BCDAC 51-55 CDDBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Vast Parts of Earth should be left wildTo avoid mass extinctions of all plants and animals, governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050, with a focus on areas of high biodiversity. So say leading biologists in an editorial in the journal Science.This isn’t not just about saving biodiverse areas, says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society, one of the authors. It’s also about saving ourselves by protecting____41____ natural systems, or ecosystems. and their benefits to us, known as ecosystem service. “We are learning that the large areas that remain are important for providing services for all life. The forests, for example, are ____42____critical for absorbing and storing carbon.” says Baille.At present, just 3.6 per cent of the planet’s oceans and 14.7 per cent of the land is protected by law. At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity,governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land.But this isn’t nearly enough, says Baillie. In the editorial, He and his coauthor, Ya-Ping Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, want governments to set much bigger ____43____ targets at the next major conference in 2020.“We have to enormously ____44____ increase our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we ____45____ currently benefit from,” says Baillie. “The trends are in a ____46____ positive direction, it’s just we have to move much faster.”It’s hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem ____47____benefits, the pair say, because there’s so much we don’t know about life on Earth – like how many species there are. ____48____However, most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 per cent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems must be protected. Therefore, we, including governments, should be _____49____ err on the side of caution when setting goals and strategies.“There is no doubt we need far more land and sea ____50____secured for conserving and retaining nature,” says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia. “Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to the minimal ____51____ amount of area needed to conserve biodiversity.”But Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage. “The key thing is to protect the right areas,” says Jose Montoya of the Stationfor Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis, France. “If we ____52____ merely protect a proportion of the territory, governments will likely protect what’s easy, and that’s usually areas of ____53____ low biodiversity and ecosystem service provision.”In fact,a third of the 3.6 per cent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being ____54____exploited, Watson’s team reported last month. So only ____55____ declaring areas to be protected isn’t enough.41. A. stricter B. wider C. safer D. simpler42. A. unique B. sufficient C. critical D. fit43. A. examples B. values C. awards D. objectives44. A. increase B. achieve C. lack D. frustrate45. A. barely B. currently C. roughly D. thoroughly46. A. opposite B. fixed C. complex D. positive47. A. approaches B. management C. benefits D. degradation48. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Otherwise49. A. concerned B. changeable C. firm D. cautious50. A. deserted B. secured C. measured D. distributed51. A. damage B. cost C. amount D. standard52. A. completely B. merely C. Virtually D. desperately53. A. mass B. tropical C. marine D. low54. A. exploited B. expanded C. restored D. discovered55. A. developing B. covering D. declaring D. utilizingKeys: 41-45 BCDAB 46-50 DCCDB 51-55 CBDADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How Facebook Programmed Our RelativesThree years ago, on his birthday, a law professor watched his e-mail inbox as usual. But it was filled with Facebook notifications (通告) ____41____ that friends had posted messages on his wall. The messages made him sad. The blocked inbox was ____42____, but what really upset him was having disclosed his birth date to Facebook in the first place. It’s not necessary for social networking to comply with (遵守) privacy laws, as some people ___43____ believe. He hadn’t paid much attention when he signed up—as with most electronic contracts, there was no room for negotiation about terms. He ____44____ Facebook’s instructions, entered the data and clicked a button.A few days later, the law professor decided to change the birth date on his Facebook profile to ____45____ the same situation next year. But when the fake date rolled around, his inbox again was flooded with Facebook notifications. Two of the messages were from close relatives, one of whom he had spoken with on the phone on his actual birthday! How could she not realize that the date was ____46____?Our hypothesis (假设): she’d been programmed!That law professor was one of us, and it confirmed his ____47___ that most people respond ____48____ to Facebook’s prompts (提示) to provide information or contact a friend without really thinking much about it. That’s because digital networked technologies are engineering humans to behave like simple stimulus-response machines.Social media plays a tremendous role in modern life. Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter have become the primary ways of keeping in touch with friends, family, classmates and colleagues. To date, ____49____, researchers have not fully explored the degree to which these platforms are literally programming human responses. Social media platforms encode a range of social ____50____: Facebook notifies us when it is time to wish our friends a happy birthday; LinkedIn prompts us to congratulate contacts on their work anniversaries. As a result, social interactions are often ____51____ to the click of a button.Facebook may increase the number of people to whom we wish a happy birthday with a few clicks of a button; it’s not as if we remember the birth dates of that high school classmate or distant cousin. But if it becomes ____52____ behavior, is it even meaningful? As for people who aren’t on Facebook or don’t post their birth dates publicly, the ___53____ they exercise over their data comes at a cost: they don’t receive scores of well-wishes from far-flung contacts. ____54____, it’s still nice to be thought of, even if just once a year.Digital platforms are ____55____ what it means to be human, and we can’t rely on the platforms to police or research themselves. In the meantime, when your birthday rolls around, enjoy the warm feelings from friends sending their regards— but remember that they don’t know when your birthday really is any more than you do theirs.41. A. requiring B. recognizing C. indicating D. summarizing42. A. annoying B. embarrassing C. frustrating D. exciting43. A. hardly B. passionately C. mistakenly D. slowly44. A. lacked B. suspended C. obeyed D. offered45. A. accept B. avoid C. analyze D. arrange46. A. significant B. definite C. correct D. fake47. A. doubt B. appointment C. statement D. plan48. A. cautiously B. positively C. automatically D. aggressively49. A. thus B. however C. moreover D. otherwise50. A. reforms B. problems C. issues D. behaviors51. A. adapted B. reduced C. committed D. admitted52. A. suspected B. accepted C. programmed D. horrified53. A. control B. judgments C. influence D. skills54. A. In return B. In addition C. For example D. After all55. A. enriching B. examining C. shaping D. retainingKeys: 41-45 CACCB 46-50 DACBD 51-55 BCADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recentstudy in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings（筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this ___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that people need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away.The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to ___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s first architectural historians was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to ___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through ___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp（跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted（污染的）, and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldestbuilding known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceKeys: (A) 51-55 CADBA 56-60 CDCBA 61-65 BDCDA(B) 66-70 CBADD 71-75 ACDBA 76-80 CBBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Today’s youth seem content to take the easy route and enjoy the ride of life. When ___41___ situations arise, they often pull a long face and ___42___. How you live your teen years will have a profound impact on the rest of your life. You must learn to utilize (利用) your ___43___ wisely.You may not see it now, ___44___ developing leadership characteristics at a young age is very important. ___45___ we get older, it becomes harder to overcome bad habits and replace them with good ones. Possessing leadership qualities is essential, both in this life and in the world to come.There are certain qualities that one needs to develop in order to become a leader: justice, judgment, dependability, initiative, decisiveness, courage, knowledge and loyalty. You may recognize these as good qualities to have, without realizing how they apply to leadership. The more that these qualities are part of your nature, the more ___46___ and enjoyable your life will be. All of these are qualities that one must possess to one degree or another.___47___ popular opinion, leadership is something that is learned. No one is born a leader. We are all capable of ___48___ the leadership qualities mentioned above—some just choose not to. Of course, not everyone can be the “top dog”, ___49___ all the time. However, everyone does have the capacity to lead in some way—but ___50___ is required!Understand that learning is a fact of life—learning to ride a bike, learning to drive, learning to type, learning mathematics, etc. All of these activities ___51___ action, if we do not ___52___ and develop them, those abilities will never come to perfection.Youth is an excellent time to start developing leadership qualities. ___53___ the time to study each one in detail. Put them into practice as you interact with other people. Determine which areas you are weak in, striving to always improve. Observe the leaders and how they handle situations and carry themselves. Also, study the lives of great leaders. The results will ___54___ you in this life —and ___55___!41. A. comfortable B. tough C. enjoyable D. convenient42. A. shout B. laugh C. complain D. regret43. A. intelligence B. time C. degree D. challenge44. A. but B. while C. for D. since45. A. Before B. After C. As D. Though46. A. efficient B. effective C. sufficient D. productive47. A. In spite of B. Contrary to C. As for D. Regardless of48. A. demanding B. carrying C. exhibiting D. expecting49. A. let alone B. depend on C. start off D. get together50. A. patience B. perseverance C. intelligence D. action51. A. require B. cause C. profit D. set52. A. increase B. exploit C. recall D. demonstrate53. A. Spend B. Take C. Pay D. Consume54. A. serve B. encourage C. charge D. entitle55. A. out B. beyond C. away D. offKeys: 41-45 BCBAC 46-50 DBCAD 51-55 ABBABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Can we do without cash? Since 2015, digital payments in the UK have ____41____ those in cash, and we are invited by the great and the good1to cheer this on. The fully cashless era will be magnificently ____42____, they say, with goods delivered directly to the door: no fumbling(摸索) for change, just tap and go. Some London ____43____ of several chains don’t accept cash any more. Businesses and banks want to ____44____ cash because they have fears of the black market and tax avoidance. Yet we should worry about the ____45____ of cash, because physical money possesses worth far above its face value.Actual ____46____ money, in the hand, teaches us its true value. With cash, what you see is what you have. Exchanging it demands personal engagement and ____47____ the wheels of acommunity. In the shop, the exchange of cash takes time: it involves eye meeting eye. A digital touch payment is done in a(n) ____48____: no human interaction necessary.Without cash, ____49____ gifts of money become impossible: no more helping a fellow passenger with a bus fare, no ____50____ change to charity or beggar. ____51____, the lack of cash means even the most fundamental aspects of etiquette(礼节) are under pressure. Tipping in restaurants is changing beyond recognition. In simpler times, any amount of cash, warmly generous and pointedly small could be left as a reward. In the digital age, any extra money ____52____ to the restaurant account may never reach the staff pocket.Cash is a(n) ____53____ of what money stands for. It promotes independence and engagement. Security concerns are reduced to the age-old matter of keeping hold of what you have. By contrast, a cashless society is a joyless and cold one. People ____54____ treat everything around when they are drawing on the digital service. Besides, cash is a great leveler(平等物). Every penny, pound and bank note sits the same in every hand, _____55_____ in hand and appearance. A pocketful of change is like a gallery of museums. The roses, ostrich feathers and lions on the coins reveal the history that shaped Untied Kingdom. It is really crazy to give up on cash.41. A. prevented B. attempted C. outnumbered D. launched42. A. economic B. elaborate C. deliberate D. convenient43. A. branches B. situations C. minorities D. horizons44. A. work out B. do away with C. turn down D. make out45. A. identification B. justification C. rebirth D. deaths46. A. digital B. physical C. pocket D. current47. A. fuels B. oils C. pulls D. draws48. A. flight B. pause C. flash D. magic49. A. imposing B. impulsive C. inconsiderate D. gracious50. A. loose B. scarce C. steady D. tense51. A. On the other hand B. By contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still52. A. donated B. devoted C. transferred D. removed53. A. reminder B. simplification C. record D. function54. A. indifferently B. sadly C. cruelly D. accordingly55. A. essential B. feasible C. comparably D. identicalKeys: 41-45CDABD 46-50 BBCBA51-55 DCAADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __ 41__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __42__.The greatest __ 43 __ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __ 44 __ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __45__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __ 46 __, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __ 47 __. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __ 48 __ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __ 49 __. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __ 50 __, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __ 51 __. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __ 52 __ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplinesis that coaches are often essential for __ 53 __ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __54__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __ 55 __, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveKeys: 41-45 CBCAD 46-50 ADBCA 51-55 CBDABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.。

上海高三英语2019各区一模完形填空汇编含答案

虹口区Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that fits the context.This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though ___41___ you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are ___42___ in many ways; many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would ___43___ many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine （咖啡因）as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight’s sleep and tomorrow’s school performance, ___44___ nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well __45____ the theme of this article.The power of caffeineCaffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes ___46___ symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts’ diets.How much is healthy?Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy. ___47___, it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium （钙）. Caffeine probablecauses the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume ___48___ amount of caffeine a day (≤100mg).Caffeine’s ___49___.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are 50 to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于) caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after_51, thus causing teens worse performance the next day. It is widely assumed that adequate sleep_52 proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, the brain goes through a period called synaptic pruning( 突触修剪) when unnecessary connections are promoted.Caffeine labellingCaffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a 53. It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required. Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that 54 to reduce swelling (肿块)Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish(无精打采的, you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other 55 ways to boost energy so that you can masteradulting better than many adults.41A. potentially B. necessarily C. developmentally D. materially42A. mature B. experienced C. productive D. disciplined 43A. delight B. frustrate C. liberate D. exclude44A. promote B. assist C. intensify D. discourage45A. call for B. account for C. turn to D. appeal to46A. withdrawal B. addiction C. nutrition D. infection47A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Otherwise 48A. initial B. sufficient C. moderate D. stable 49A. reputations B. confirmations C. implications D. disadvantages 50A. subjected B. alerted C. reduced D. opposed 51A. stimulation B. concentration C. excitement D. consumption 52A. results from B. contributes to C. benefits from D. attends to 53A. therapy B. material C. nutrient D. substitute54A. fail B. appear C. promise D. happen 55A. instructive B. comprehensive C. extensive D. alternative答案CABDB ; ABCDA; DBCCD静安区Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.You’ve been painting for a few years, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two. Are you ready to ___41___ the title of an amateur artist?Distinguishing green hand from professional artists is ___42___ task. It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings. It’s not only about painting techniques. And for most cases, it doesn’t happen ___43___. Very few artists become overnight success without years of struggle and suffering.To turn professional, people find it critical to develop a personal style. What makes your paintings ___44___ among other paintings out there? Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator? A personal style comes along with technique, painting medium, and subject and it tends to develop gradually over time. You ___45___ it through unconscious and constant exploring and self-shaping. Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium. Salvador Dali used to use many artistic media, but they all have a ___46___ Dali style. Style refers to the emotions and thoughts delivered by your paintings, which people can identify with. Their ___47___ of the painter is then a sure thing.Artists talk about their ___48___ all of the time. What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? ___49___, we all love to do what we do and we get a satisfaction out of creating. For the professional artist, it goes beyond that. Some artists wish to convey a deep message concerning life, society or even politics. Others simply seek ___50___ returns to cover kids’ tuition fees or pay family bills. Yet, all professional artists know that they have to keep working to achieve the goals.Many amateur artists passively wait for ___51___ to come. If they are not in the mood, they do not bother wasting the time. They sometimes allow themselves to be occupied by events like parties. Professionals are never easily ___52___ or torn away from their art work in progress. Focused on their work so much, some even regard spending time outside their ___53___ as crime ___54___ is their secret to high productivity.Besides, professional artists are constantly prepared to grab new ideas for the next painting, which they believe is sure to be better than the previous one. The belief that there is always room for ___55___ keeps driving them forward in the art world where many masters have come along.41. A. step beyond B. turn off C. see through D. make up42. A. rewarding B. tricky C. formal D. temporary43. A. individually B. thoroughly C. instantly D. sincerely44. A. unique B. superior C. practical D. reliable45. A. acquire B. transfer C. imitate D. analyze46. A. recent B. distinct C. modest D. logical47. A. preservation B. employment C. adaption D. recognition48. A. background B. significance C. motivation D. routine49. A. To sum up B. In contrast C. In addition D. In general50. A. academic B. global C. financial D. original51. A. inspiration B. fame C. guidance D. solution52. A. offended B. dominated C. distracted D. rewarded53. A. studio B. bedroom C. garage D. garden54. A. Reflection B. Devotion C. Creativity D. illustration55 A negotiation B profit C criticism D improvement答案ABCAA; BDCDC; ACABD;杨浦区Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.According to German novelist Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), a house without books is like a room without windows. Mann ___41___ pointed out the value of books, but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world.A new study in the journal Social Science Research, publishing inOctober, suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational ___42___, and to achieve more in life, than people who grow up without them. In the study, over 160,000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old. Then they were_ 43_ in literacy, numeracy (计算能力) and information communication technology.The research shows that the number of books for each household 44_ greatly from country to country.45 _, the number of books is27 in Turkey, 143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia. But "the total46_ of home library size on literacy are large everywhere” , according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University ina paper based on the study.The researcher found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a(n)_47_ score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books.The Guardian newspaper commented that “bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage.""Reading books in a young age can_ 48 shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy; its impacts are __49 to additional years of education."Sikora told Science Alert.Apart from the educational benefits, growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success."Early_50_ to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that 5l_ lifelong cognitive(认知的)abilities", Sikora told Science Alert. These abilities are_ 52_ to future development.Without doubt, the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could_ 53_ the importance of printed books. For now, 54_, "they still seem to_ 55_ quite a positive benefit, which shows no sign of decreasing", researchers wrote in the paper.41. A. simply B. definitely C. generally D. randomly42 A. backgrounds B. advantages C. requirements D. development43. A. estimated B. examined C. tested D. investigated44 A. changes B. alters C. shifts D. varies45 A By comparison B. As a result C. For instance D. In total46. A. effects B. expenses C. inputs D. contributions47. A. higher B. lower C. average D. similar48. A. make up for B break up with C. live up to D. catch up with49 A. senior B. essential C. equal D. familiar50. A. addition B. engagement C. devotion D. exposure51. A. prove B. demonstrate C. enhance D. acquire52. A. relevant B. crucial C. opposite D. compulsory53. A. weaken B. highlight C. overestimate D. reflect54. A. therefore B. however C otherwise D. likewise55. A. enjoy B. obtain C. maintain D. reduce答案：ABCDC; ADACD; CBABC;奉贤区Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another isThey want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certainmatter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very differentThe controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristicsbehavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completelythat our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beingsview of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humansthe US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are geneticallyscores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational andother environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do notNeither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter oftwo extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. dominated C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likely答案CBADB ; BCDDA; ADABD;宝山区Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The search for new, clean energy sources have occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common ___41___ for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.Standard wind power plants rely on strong support and ___42___ can only reach the height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that, winds tend to be stronger and steadier, but the challenge is ___43___ how to obtain the energy from those winds.Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable (可充气的) wings ___44___ to electrical generator (发电机) on the ground.The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun, but many challenges remain, including making the generator more ___45___ and perfecting the automatic flight control and structure of the kites. Nevertheless, in June 2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate ___46___ at an altitude of up to 700 meters.Meanwhile, in Italy, researchers are working on a(n) ___47___ power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen, senses wind blowing, kites are ___48___ from the end of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle. These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming object ___49___ planes, helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light, tough and able to reach fairly high altitude. The loop (绕行) around in the wind, which sets the center of the generator in emotion ___50___ electric current.KiteGen has the ___51___ to be very cost-effective in the long run. After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant, little ___52___ investment will be necessary, apart from standard maintenance. The plant also requires ___53___ little space, which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more ___54___.Kite power has the potential to greatly ___55___ on current wind power strategies. In the future, it may be an efficient cost efficient supplement to the other sources of energy use or even a replacement for some of them41. A resolution B. proposal C. resource D. substitute42. A. generally B. frequently C. continually D. regularly43. A. carrying out B. figuring out C. breaking out D. picking out44. A. chosen B. applied C. collected D. connected45. A. efficient B. complete C. powerful D. positive46. A. actively B. passively C. automatically D. artificially47. A. strange B. similar C. different D. original48 A fastened B. revealed C. tailored D. released49. A. except for B. instead of C. such as D. due to50. A. producing B. inventing C. promoting D. developing51. A. qualification B. potential C. trend D. intention52. A. normal B. formal C. additional D. alternate53. A. concretely B.abstractly C thoroughly D. relatively54. A. energy B. strength C. technology D. opportunity55. A. focus B. extend C. improve D. transfer答案；CABDA; CBDCA; BCDAC黄浦区Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___44___.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four yearsbefore they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___54___. It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensively51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. What’s more52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threat答案；BCBDA; CBACD; ABACD;嘉定区Section A (15分)Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary three that is distinct from the one that led to humans. But they constantly astonish researchers with __41__ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and __42__ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended fami ly members who then aren’t free to breed themselves.A new study further __43__ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones __44__ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for __45__ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀）with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more __46__ explanation.One possibility is that an individual practices __47__ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By __48__ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may __49__ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior __50__ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of __51__ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) __52__. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the __53__ appeared to be true.Anthropologists（人类学家）from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often ,in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared theircricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time. "Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or 54 avoidance," the study author reported. "Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more 55 expressed when individuals are alone with young.”41. A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual42. A. evolving B. communicating C. organizing D. parenting43. A. shines B. damages C. affects D. protects44. A. at play B. in private C. on schedule D. by accident45. A. adequate B. effective C. continual D. mutual46. A. creative B. complex C. specific D. official47. A. generosity B. wisdom C. independence D. governance48. A. promising B. demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining49. A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes51. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous52. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge53. A. statistics B. expectations C. argument D. opposite54. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty55. A. strongly B. casually C. delicately D. fearlessly答案；CDABD; CABCA; CBDBA;金山区Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The constant working engine that drives the majority of human action is, undoubtedly, the fragrant dream of individualism. And while the presence of its scent is (41) throughout the world entirely, its value is worshipped (敬奉) to such an extent in a land no other than that ofAmerica.As the framework of its history, America holds individuality as the ever-popular green light, the essence of which becomes the symbol of hope for, well, almost everything. In fact, in America’s current social status, indivi duality has become something of a birthright, and a (42) applied upon the face of the media, where it was (43) valued as the American dream. There is no denying the popularity of this idol in American society, and little hope for (44) it.However, (45) most pride themselves in their individualistic state, perhaps humans, when stripped (剥) to their core (核心), are everything but.It is no new discovery that people are the sum of their experiences. The overwhelming majority of human experiences involve other humans, along with the (46) and relationships between them. It is a (47) occurrence when a life is built upon events without this stimulus. Indeed, interaction is the core of experience. Therefore, in order that humans are the sum of their experiences, they must be the sum of the people that they meet, just as well.As an Americanized teen, I found the discovery that not only my self-entitled individualism was (48) , but that I, as a being, was a product, increasingly unsettling to accept. Questions (49)_____ me such as “If I am bits and pieces of everyone I have met — my family, my teachers, all of my friends, and even strangers — then what is left that is just me? What part of me is just me? How much of myself is the combining of different parts of different people? Is such a (50) between myself and others even possible?”Such are inquiries that will continue to be thought about, as I have come to accept that they will remain a (51) . Therefore, with the allowance of these questions, the response must be a (52)_______ in the definition of “oneself”. The previously mentioned questions no longer concern me, as I have put a stop to the idea that the “real” me is some lost isolated island on top of an ocean of influence.I realized that my personality cannot depend on a(n) (53) between influence and individualism, as such is a line that cannot be distinct. (54) , I must be a person whose calmness is a beautifully hazy mixture, and a steady question. Thus, it is the commonly unnoticed durable mystery that is the frustration of those who can (55) the lie of individualism. Hopefully, they will come into acceptance.41. A. unpredictable B. untrustworthy C. unreliable D. undeniable42. A. necessity B. characteristic C. mark D. model43. A. later B. previously C. extremely D. publicly44. A. destroying B. appreciating C. chasing D. escaping45. A. though B. if C. since D. as46. A. conflict B. tension C. interaction D. cooperation47. A. common B. rare C. frequent D. strange48. A. right B. justified C. unclear D. false49. A. affected B. interrupted C. bothered D. surprised50. A. separation B. combination C. contrast D. communication51. A. secret B. mystery C. truth D. fantasy52. A. gap B. belief C. factor D. change53. A. distinction B. connection C. exchange D. medium54. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Furthermore55. A. break up B. make up C. cope with D. see through答案；DABDA; CBDCA; BDACD;浦东新区Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early decision---you apply to one school, and admission is binding (有法律约束力的)---seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools ___41___ a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled. And if you do, you're done with the whole painful process by December. But most students and parents don't realize that schools have hidden ___43___ for offering early decision.Early decision, since it's binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students: it allows ___43___ committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate(优秀学生率), which is often used as one of the ways to ___44___ college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively ___45___ the window of time students have to make。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though ___41___ you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are ___42___ in many ways: many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would ___43___ many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine(咖啡因) as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight’s sleep and tomorrow’s school performance, ___44___ nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well ___45___ the theme of this article.The power of caffeineCaffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes ___46___ symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts’ diets.How much is healthy?Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy. ___47___, it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium (钙). Caffeine probably causes the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume ___48___ amounts of caffeine a day (≤100 mg).Caffeine’s ___49___According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are ___50___ to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于) caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after ___51___, thus causing teens’ worse performance the next day. It is widely assumed that adequate sleep ___52___ proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, thebrain goes through a period called synaptic pruning(突触修剪) when unnecessary connections are promoted.Caffeine labellingCaffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a ___53___. It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required. Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that ___54___ to reduce swelling (肿块).Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish (无精打采的), you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other ___55___ ways to boost energy so that you can master adulting better than many adults.41. A. potentially B. necessarily C. developmentally D. materially42. A. mature B. experienced C. productive D. disciplined43. A. delight B. frustrate C. liberate D. exclude44. A. promote B. assist C. intensify D. discourage45. A. call for B. account for C. turn to D. appeal to46. A. withdrawal B. addiction C. nutrition D. infection47. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Otherwise48. A. initial B. sufficient C. moderate D. stable49. A. reputations B. confirmations C. implications D. disadvantages50. A. subjected B. alerted C. reduced D. opposed51. A. stimulation B. concentration C. excitement D. consumption52. A. results from B. contributes to C. benefits from D. attends to53. A. therapy B. material C. nutrient D. substitute54. A. fail B. appear C. promise D. happen55. A. instructive B. comprehensive C. extensive D. alternativeKeys: 41-45 CABDB 46-50 ABCDA 51-55 DBCCDⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated(灌溉) areas this can increase to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___44___.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___54___. It is a classic example of the problem of watereconomics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensively51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. What’s more52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threatKeys: 41-45 BCBDA 46-50 CBACD 51-55 ABACDⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early decision-you apply to one school, and admission is binding(有法律约束力的)---seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools ___41___ a higher percentage of early-decisionapplicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled. And if you do, you’re done with the whole painful process by December. But most students and parents don’t realize that schools have hidden ___42___ for offering early decision.Early decision, since it’s binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows ___43___ committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate(优秀学生率), which is often used as one of the ways to ___44___ college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively ___45___ the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under ___46___ admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni (校友) and arguably make a more ___47___ decision.There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great ___48___. When students become too fixated (专注) on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to ___49___severe disappointment if they don't get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further ___50___, may not actually be right for them.Early decision offers a genuine admissions edge, that advantage goes largely to students who already have ___51___ advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. ___52___, there’s an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how(招生诀窍) to ___53___ figure out the often confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably ___54___ under early decision. But for students who haven't yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely ___55____ the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.41. A. let in B. turn down C. make up D. give away42. A. dangers B. costs C. assumptions D. purposes43. A. admissions B. joint C. inquiry D. investigative44. A. detail B. measure C. achieve D. represent45. A. neglects B. provides C. shortens D. marks46. A. future B. regular C. random D. compulsory47. A. informed B. honoured C. imposed D. complicated48. A. fit B. aid C. hit D. net49. A. therefore B. otherwise C. however D. furthermore50. A. comment B. enhancement C. implication D. reflection51. A. mutual B. favourite C. numerous D. temporary52. A. In other words B. In this regard C. In particular D. In brief53. A. hesitantly B. relatively C. deliberately D. efficiently54. A. consult B. volunteer C. adjust D. apply55. A. occupies B. encloses C. narrows D. exploresKeys: 41-45 ADABC 46-50 BAABD 51-55 CBDDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary tree that is distinct from the one that led to mans. But they constantly astonish researchers with ___41___ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and ___42___ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren't free to breed themselves.A new study further ___43___ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones ___44___ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for ___45___ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀) with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more ___ 46___ explanationOne possibility is that an individual practices ___ 47___ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By ___ 48___ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may ___49___ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior ___50___ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of ___51___ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) ___52___. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the ___53___ appeared to be trueAnthropologists (人类学家) from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often, in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time.” Our results show that he lping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or ___54___ avoidance, “ the study authors reported Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more ___55___ expressed when individuals are alone with young.”41.A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual42.A. evolving B communicating C organizing D. parenting43.A shines B damages C. affects D protests44.A. at play B in private C. on schedule D by accident45.A. adequate B effective C. continual D. mutual46.A. creative B complex C specific D. official47.A. generosity B wisdom C independence D governance48.A. promising B demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining49.A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes51. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous52. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge53. A. statistics B. expectation C. argument D. opposite54. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty55. A. strongly B. causally C. delicately D. fearlesslyKeys: 41 -45 CDABD 36-50 CABCA 51-55 CBDBAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent ___41___ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was ___42___ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to ___43___ daylight.Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it ___44___ in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the ___45___, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were ___46___ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce ___47___ a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory(义务) to ___48___ the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. ___49___, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and ___50___ and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised(制定) five time ___51___ throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on “the mean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich” (England). In 1919, this act was abandoned.President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state ___52___ its own DST, which proved to be ___53___ to television and radio broadcasting and transportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo(禁运) and energy crisis of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon ___54___ DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was ___55___ in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).41.A. popular B. solar C. particular D. singular42.A. employed B. evaluated C. distributed D. contributed43.A. fruitful B. full C. beautiful D. normal44.A. negatively B. alternatively C. extensively D. aggressively45.A. journalist B. physicist C. chemist D. economist46.A. closed B. opened C. fixed D. installed47.A. introduced B. restricted C. donated D. deleted48.A. stop B. adjust C. wind D. mend49.A. Permanently B. Eventually C. Unfortunately D. Theoretically50.A. reserve B. persevere C. preserve D. observe51.A. places B. districts C. zones D. territories52.A. interrupted B. tempted C. imported D. adopted53.A. pleasing B. confusing C. convincing D. comforting54.A. extended B. afforded C. abandoned D. defended55.A. assembled B. combined C. abused D. modifiedKeys: 41-45 BADCD 46-50 AABBC 51-55 CDBADⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.After my public lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, “Are we still evolving?”People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but ___41___: We’re almost certainly evolving, but don’t know in what ___42___ or how fast.We’ve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia, but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10,000 years, several populations of humans — those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk— gained the ability to digest dairy products. This quality was ___43___ useless in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired ___44___ genetic adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, so the ___45___ evidence for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” ___46___ disagree. Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’re doing it to ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have ___47___ controlled evolution — not just in our own species but virtually in allspecies: “For better or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of ___48___ change. We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now ___49___ in our hands.”According to the authors, we’ve replaced natural selection with what they call “___50___unnatural selection.” Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish species, for taking the biggest fish is ___51___ those smaller fishes.Yet while there’s no doubt that we’re changing the planet, the claim that we’re completely changing evolution on the planet ___52___does not follow. Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example. This ___53___phenomenon has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction(极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.The authors speak with ___54___unwarranted assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they claim, for example, our ingestion(摄取) of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that “our children’ s brains are evolving fast,” they are abusing(滥用) the word “___55___evolution.” Out children’s brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological(药理学的)environment, but change alone is not evolution.41. A. instructive B. disappointing C. decisive D. conflicting42. A. direction B. region C. frequency D. condition43. A. beneficial B. adaptable C. unique D. useless44. A. unproved B. changeable C. genetic D. mysterious45. A. study B. evidence C. interest D. implication46. A. disagree B. support C. follow D. approve47. A. delayed B. overdone C. neglected D. controlled48. A. unbalance B. disaster C. change D. disturbance49. A. in our hands B. out of order C. in peace D. out of control50. A. destructive B. unnatural C. adventurous D. emotional51. A. by means of B. at the cost of C. in favor of D. for the protection of52. A. makes no sense B. makes great impressionC. calls attentionD. comes to an end53. A. problem B. mistake C. phenomenon D. obstacle54. A. strong B. baseless C. sensitive D. persuasive55. A. environment B. technology C. exposure D. evolutionKeys: 41-45 BADCB 46-50 ADCAB 51-55 CACBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or; phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is ___41___.Social scientists are of course ___42___ interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two ___43___ schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between ___44___ of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.Those who ___45___ the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are ___46___ determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is ___47___ to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our ___48___.Supporter s of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, ___49___, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely ___50___ by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to ___51___ stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behaviour.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are ___52___ . In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status t han whites are. Behaviorists, ___53___, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same ___54___ that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. As a matter of fact, it is quite ___55___ that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. dominated C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelyKeys: 41-45 CBADB 46-50 BCDDA 51-55 ADABDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.You’ve been painting for a few years, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two. Are you ready to ___41___ the title of an amateur artist?Distinguishing green hand from professional artists is ___42___ task. It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings. It’s not only about painting techniques. And for most cases, it doesn’t happen ___43___. Very few artists become overnight success without years of struggle and suffering.To turn professional, people find it critical to develop a personal style. What makes your paintings ___44___ among other paintings out there? Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator? A personal style comes along with technique, painting medium, and subject and it tends to develop gradually over time. You ___45___ it through unconscious and constant exploring and self-shaping. Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium. Salvador Dali used to use many artistic media, but they all have a ___46___ Dali style. Style refers to the emotions and thoughts delivered by your paintings, which people can identify with. Their ___47___ of the painter is then a sure thing.Artists talk about their ___48___ all of the time. What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? ___49___, we all love to do what we do and we get a satisfaction out of creating. For the professional artist, it goes beyond that. Some artists wish to convey a deep message concerning life, society or even politics. Others simply seek ___50___ returns to cover k ids’ tuition fees or pay family bills. Yet, all professional artists know that they have to keep working to achieve the goals.Many amateur artists passively wait for ___51___ to come. If they are not in the mood, they do not bother wasting the time. They sometimes allow themselves to be occupied by events like parties. Professionals are never easily ___52___ or torn away from their art work in progress. Focused on their work so much, some even regard spending time outside their ___53___ as crime ___54___ is their secret to high productivity.Besides, professional artists are constantly prepared to grab new ideas for the next painting, which they believe is sure to be better than the previous one. The belief that there is always room。

十高考高考英语高考完型填空共篇word精品文档35页

2019年高考英语完形填空真题详解【2019年上海卷】(A)Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home? Probably so. 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners. You take special pains when you are eating 46 . Have you ever stopped to realize how much less self-conscious you would be on such occasions if 47 table manners had become a habit for you? You can make them a habit by 48 good table manners at home.Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table.By this time you probably know quite well what good table manners are. You 51 that keeping your arms on the table, talking with your 52 full and wolfing down your food are not considered good manners. You know also that if you are mannerly, you say “please” and “Thank you” and ask for things to be passed to you.Have you ever thought of a pleasant attitude as being 53 to good table manners? Not only are pleasant mealtimes enjoyable, but they aid digestion. The dinner table is a 54 for enjoyable conversation. It should never become a battleground. You are definitely growing in social maturity(成熟) when you try to be an agreeable table companion.45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though46. A. in public B. at home C. at ease D. in a hurry47. A. such B. no C. some D. good48. A. acting B. enjoying C. practicing D. watching49. A. comfortable B. stressed C. depressed D. outstanding50. A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends51. A. mention B. prefer C. doubt D. realize52. A. stomach B. bands C. mouth D. bowl53. A. essential B. considerate C. obvious D. unusual54. A. time B. place C. chance D. way【题号】45 【答案】A【详解】在朋友家或饭店的table manners 比在家好，是因为别人会通过table manners评判你。

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III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, 41 . I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost 42 on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____43____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____44____or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor (倦怠) had ____45____ this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet (铅锤) and sounding-line (测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ____46____ before my education began, only I was without ____47____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____48____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____49____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____50____ all things to me, and, more than all t hings else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____51____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____52____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____53____ withchildish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____54____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____55____.41. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant42. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously43. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away44. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel45. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated46. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet47. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion48. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor49. A. took B. shook C. clung D. rescued50. A. share B. devote C. reveal D. celebrate51. A. beforehand B. backward C. afterward D. forward52. A. illustrate B. exhibit C. guess D. imitate53. A. fluttered B. flourished C. flashed D. flushed54. A. unrealistic B. uncomprehending C. insurmountable D. unproductive55. A. title B. name C. credit D. roleKeys: 41-45 CBADA 46-50 BCDAC 51-55 CDDBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Vast Parts of Earth should be left wildTo avoid mass extinctions of all plants and animals, governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050, with a focus on areas of high biodiversity. So say leading biologists in an editorial in the journal Science.This isn’t not just about saving biodiverse areas, says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society, one of the authors. It’s also about saving ourselves by protecting____41____ natural systems, or ecosystems. and their benefits to us, known as ecosystem service. “We are learning that the large areas that remain are important for providing services for all life. The forests, for example, are ____42____critical for absorbing and storing carbon.” says Baille.At present, just 3.6 per cent of the planet’s oceans and 14.7 per cent of the land is protected by law. At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity,governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land.But this isn’t nearly enough, says Baillie. In the editorial, He and his coauthor, Ya-Ping Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, want governments to set much bigger ____43____ targets at the next major conference in 2020.“We have to enormously ____44____ increase our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we ____45____ currently benefit from,” says Baillie. “The trends are in a ____46____ positive direction, it’s just we have to move much faster.”It’s hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem ____47____benefits, the pair say, because there’s so much we don’t know about life on Earth – like how many species there are. ____48____However, most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 per cent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems must be protected. Therefore, we, including governments, should be _____49____ err on the side of caution when setting goals and strategies.“There is no doubt we need far more land and sea ____50____secured for conserving and retaining nature,” says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia. “Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to the minimal ____51____ amount of area needed to conserve biodiversity.”But Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage. “The key thing is to protect the right areas,” says Jose Montoya of the Stationfor Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis, France. “If we ____52____ merely protect a proportion of the territory, governments will likely protect what’s easy, and that’s usually areas of ____53____ low biodiversity and ecosystem service provision.”In fact,a third of the 3.6 per cent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being ____54____exploited, Watson’s team reported last month. So only ____55____ declaring areas to be protected isn’t enough.41. A. stricter B. wider C. safer D. simpler42. A. unique B. sufficient C. critical D. fit43. A. examples B. values C. awards D. objectives44. A. increase B. achieve C. lack D. frustrate45. A. barely B. currently C. roughly D. thoroughly46. A. opposite B. fixed C. complex D. positive47. A. approaches B. management C. benefits D. degradation48. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Otherwise49. A. concerned B. changeable C. firm D. cautious50. A. deserted B. secured C. measured D. distributed51. A. damage B. cost C. amount D. standard52. A. completely B. merely C. Virtually D. desperately53. A. mass B. tropical C. marine D. low54. A. exploited B. expanded C. restored D. discovered55. A. developing B. covering D. declaring D. utilizingKeys: 41-45 BCDAB 46-50 DCCDB 51-55 CBDADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How Facebook Programmed Our RelativesThree years ago, on his birthday, a law professor watched his e-mail inbox as usual. But it was filled with Facebook notifications (通告) ____41____ that friends had posted messages on his wall. The messages made him sad. The blocked inbox was ____42____, but what really upset him was having disclosed his birth date to Facebook in the first place. It’s not necessary for social networking to comply with (遵守) privacy laws, as some people ___43____ believe. He hadn’t paid much attention when he signed up—as with most electronic contracts, there was no room for negotiation about terms. He ____44____ Facebook’s instructions, entered the data and clicked a button.A few days later, the law professor decided to change the birth date on his Facebook profile to ____45____ the same situation next year. But when the fake date rolled around, his inbox again was flooded with Facebook notifications. Two of the messages were from close relatives, one of whom he had spoken with on the phone on his actual birthday! How could she not realize that the date was ____46____?Our hypothesis (假设): she’d been programmed!That law professor was one of us, and it confirmed his ____47___ that most people respond ____48____ to Facebook’s prompts (提示) to provide information or contact a friend without really thinking much about it. That’s because digital networked technologies are engineering humans to behave like simple stimulus-response machines.Social media plays a tremendous role in modern life. Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter have become the primary ways of keeping in touch with friends, family, classmates and colleagues. To date, ____49____, researchers have not fully explored the degree to which these platforms are literally programming human responses. Social media platforms encode a range of social ____50____: Facebook notifies us when it is time to wish our friends a happy birthday; LinkedIn prompts us to congratulate contacts on their work anniversaries. As a result, social interactions are often ____51____ to the click of a button.Facebook may increase the number of people to whom we wish a happy birthday with a few clicks of a button; it’s not as if we remember the birth dates of that high school classmate or distant cousin. But if it becomes ____52____ behavior, is it even meaningful? As for people who aren’t on Facebook or don’t post their birth dates publicly, the ___53____ they exercise over their data comes at a cost: they don’t receive scores of well-wishes from far-flung contacts. ____54____, it’s still nice to be thought of, even if just once a year.Digital platforms are ____55____ what it means to be human, and we can’t rely on the platforms to police or research themselves. In the meantime, when your birthday rolls around, enjoy the warm feelings from friends sending their regards— but remember that they don’t know when your birthday really is any more than you do theirs.41. A. requiring B. recognizing C. indicating D. summarizing42. A. annoying B. embarrassing C. frustrating D. exciting43. A. hardly B. passionately C. mistakenly D. slowly44. A. lacked B. suspended C. obeyed D. offered45. A. accept B. avoid C. analyze D. arrange46. A. significant B. definite C. correct D. fake47. A. doubt B. appointment C. statement D. plan48. A. cautiously B. positively C. automatically D. aggressively49. A. thus B. however C. moreover D. otherwise50. A. reforms B. problems C. issues D. behaviors51. A. adapted B. reduced C. committed D. admitted52. A. suspected B. accepted C. programmed D. horrified53. A. control B. judgments C. influence D. skills54. A. In return B. In addition C. For example D. After all55. A. enriching B. examining C. shaping D. retainingKeys: 41-45 CACCB 46-50 DACBD 51-55 BCADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recentstudy in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings（筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this ___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that people need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away.The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to ___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s first architectural historians was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to ___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through ___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp（跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted（污染的）, and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldestbuilding known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceKeys: (A) 51-55 CADBA 56-60 CDCBA 61-65 BDCDA(B) 66-70 CBADD 71-75 ACDBA 76-80 CBBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Today’s youth seem content to take the easy route and enjoy the ride of life. When ___41___ situations arise, they often pull a long face and ___42___. How you live your teen years will have a profound impact on the rest of your life. You must learn to utilize (利用) your ___43___ wisely.You may not see it now, ___44___ developing leadership characteristics at a young age is very important. ___45___ we get older, it becomes harder to overcome bad habits and replace them with good ones. Possessing leadership qualities is essential, both in this life and in the world to come.There are certain qualities that one needs to develop in order to become a leader: justice, judgment, dependability, initiative, decisiveness, courage, knowledge and loyalty. You may recognize these as good qualities to have, without realizing how they apply to leadership. The more that these qualities are part of your nature, the more ___46___ and enjoyable your life will be. All of these are qualities that one must possess to one degree or another.___47___ popular opinion, leadership is something that is learned. No one is born a leader. We are all capable of ___48___ the leadership qualities mentioned above—some just choose not to. Of course, not everyone can be the “top dog”, ___49___ all the time. However, everyone does have the capacity to lead in some way—but ___50___ is required!Understand that learning is a fact of life—learning to ride a bike, learning to drive, learning to type, learning mathematics, etc. All of these activities ___51___ action, if we do not ___52___ and develop them, those abilities will never come to perfection.Youth is an excellent time to start developing leadership qualities. ___53___ the time to study each one in detail. Put them into practice as you interact with other people. Determine which areas you are weak in, striving to always improve. Observe the leaders and how they handle situations and carry themselves. Also, study the lives of great leaders. The results will ___54___ you in this life —and ___55___!41. A. comfortable B. tough C. enjoyable D. convenient42. A. shout B. laugh C. complain D. regret43. A. intelligence B. time C. degree D. challenge44. A. but B. while C. for D. since45. A. Before B. After C. As D. Though46. A. efficient B. effective C. sufficient D. productive47. A. In spite of B. Contrary to C. As for D. Regardless of48. A. demanding B. carrying C. exhibiting D. expecting49. A. let alone B. depend on C. start off D. get together50. A. patience B. perseverance C. intelligence D. action51. A. require B. cause C. profit D. set52. A. increase B. exploit C. recall D. demonstrate53. A. Spend B. Take C. Pay D. Consume54. A. serve B. encourage C. charge D. entitle55. A. out B. beyond C. away D. offKeys: 41-45 BCBAC 46-50 DBCAD 51-55 ABBABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Can we do without cash? Since 2015, digital payments in the UK have ____41____ those in cash, and we are invited by the great and the good1to cheer this on. The fully cashless era will be magnificently ____42____, they say, with goods delivered directly to the door: no fumbling(摸索) for change, just tap and go. Some London ____43____ of several chains don’t accept cash any more. Businesses and banks want to ____44____ cash because they have fears of the black market and tax avoidance. Yet we should worry about the ____45____ of cash, because physical money possesses worth far above its face value.Actual ____46____ money, in the hand, teaches us its true value. With cash, what you see is what you have. Exchanging it demands personal engagement and ____47____ the wheels of acommunity. In the shop, the exchange of cash takes time: it involves eye meeting eye. A digital touch payment is done in a(n) ____48____: no human interaction necessary.Without cash, ____49____ gifts of money become impossible: no more helping a fellow passenger with a bus fare, no ____50____ change to charity or beggar. ____51____, the lack of cash means even the most fundamental aspects of etiquette(礼节) are under pressure. Tipping in restaurants is changing beyond recognition. In simpler times, any amount of cash, warmly generous and pointedly small could be left as a reward. In the digital age, any extra money ____52____ to the restaurant account may never reach the staff pocket.Cash is a(n) ____53____ of what money stands for. It promotes independence and engagement. Security concerns are reduced to the age-old matter of keeping hold of what you have. By contrast, a cashless society is a joyless and cold one. People ____54____ treat everything around when they are drawing on the digital service. Besides, cash is a great leveler(平等物). Every penny, pound and bank note sits the same in every hand, _____55_____ in hand and appearance. A pocketful of change is like a gallery of museums. The roses, ostrich feathers and lions on the coins reveal the history that shaped Untied Kingdom. It is really crazy to give up on cash.41. A. prevented B. attempted C. outnumbered D. launched42. A. economic B. elaborate C. deliberate D. convenient43. A. branches B. situations C. minorities D. horizons44. A. work out B. do away with C. turn down D. make out45. A. identification B. justification C. rebirth D. deaths46. A. digital B. physical C. pocket D. current47. A. fuels B. oils C. pulls D. draws48. A. flight B. pause C. flash D. magic49. A. imposing B. impulsive C. inconsiderate D. gracious50. A. loose B. scarce C. steady D. tense51. A. On the other hand B. By contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still52. A. donated B. devoted C. transferred D. removed53. A. reminder B. simplification C. record D. function54. A. indifferently B. sadly C. cruelly D. accordingly55. A. essential B. feasible C. comparably D. identicalKeys: 41-45CDABD 46-50 BBCBA51-55 DCAADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __ 41__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __42__.The greatest __ 43 __ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __ 44 __ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __45__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __ 46 __, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __ 47 __. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __ 48 __ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __ 49 __. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __ 50 __, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __ 51 __. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __ 52 __ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplinesis that coaches are often essential for __ 53 __ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __54__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __ 55 __, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveKeys: 41-45 CBCAD 46-50 ADBCA 51-55 CBDABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.。

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

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