2006年1月管理类联考逻辑真题(吕建刚老师解析版)MBA.MPACC.MPA

MBA考试《逻辑》历年真题和解析答案0601-21、只有通过身份认证的人才允许上公司内网，如果没有良好的业绩就不可能通过身份认证，张辉有良好的业绩而王纬没有良好的业绩。

如果上述断定为真，则以下哪项一定为真（）。

【逻辑推理】A.允许张辉上公司内网B.不允许王纬上公司内网C.张辉通过身份认证D.有良好的业绩，就允许上公司内网E.没有通过身份认证，就说明没有良好的业绩正确答案:B答案解析:题干条件可转化为：没有良好业绩=不可能通过身份认证=不允许上公司内网，再根据王纬没有良好的业绩，推出不允许王纬上公司内网。

所以B正确。

由“否定后件，可以否定前件"得（B）项。

由肯定后件，不能肯定前件，不能得（八）、（C）和（D）项。

由否定前件，不能否定后件，不能得（E）项。

2、2010年上海世博会盛况空前，200多个国家场馆和企业主题馆让人目不暇接。

大学生王刚决定在学校放暑假的第二天前往世博会参观。

前一天晚上，他特别上网查看了各位网友对相关热门场馆选择的建议，其中最吸引王刚的有三条：（1）如果参观沙特馆，就不参观石油馆。

（2）石油馆和中国国家馆择一参观。

（3）中国国家馆和石油馆不都参观。

实际上，第二天王刚的世博会行程非常紧凑，他没有接受上述三条建议中的任何一条。

关于王刚所参观的热门场馆，以下哪项描述正确（）。

【逻辑推理】A.参观沙特馆、石油馆，没有参观中国国家馆B.沙特馆、石油馆、中国国家馆都参观了C.沙特馆、石油馆、中国国家馆都没有参观D.没有参观沙特馆，参加石油馆和中国国家馆E.没有参观石油馆，参加沙特馆、中国国家馆正确答案:B答案解析:根据（1）假可知参观了沙特馆且参观了石油馆。

再根据（3）为假推出中国国家馆和石油馆都参观了。

因此王刚参观了沙特馆、石油馆以及中国国家馆。

所以B正确。

3、比较文学学者张教授认为，在不同的民族语言中，字形与字义的关系有不同的表现。

他提出，汉字是象形文字，其中大部分是形声字，这些字的字形和字义相互关联；而英语是拼音文字，其字形与字义往往关联度不大，需要某种抽象的理解。

2006年1月MBA联考逻辑真题及答案26．小张承诺：如果天不下雨，我一定去听音乐会．以下哪项为真，说明小张没有兑现承诺？L天没下雨，小张没去听音乐会．II天下雨，小张去听了音乐会．III天下雨，小张没去听音乐会．A、仅IB、仅IIC、仅IIID、仅I和IIE、I、II和III参考答案：A27．我想说的都是真话，但真话我未必都说．如果上述断定为真，则以下各都可能为真，除了A、我有时也说假话．B、我不是想啥说啥．C、有时说某些善意的假话并不背我的意愿．D、我说的都是我想说的话．E、我说的都是真话．参考答案：C28．有些人若有一次厌食，会对这次膳食中有特殊味道的食物持续产生强烈厌恶，不管这种食物是否会对身体有利．这种现象可以解释为什么小孩更易于对某些食物产生强烈的厌食．以下哪项如果为真，最能加强上述解释？A、小孩的膳食搭配中含有特殊味道的食物比成年人多．B、对未尝过的食物，成年人比小孩更容易产生抗拒心理．C、小孩的嗅觉和味觉比成年人敏锐．D、和成年人相比，小孩较为缺乏食物与健康的相关知识．E、如果讨厌某种食物，小孩厌食的持续时间比成年人更长．参考答案：C29．在桂林漓江一些有地下河流的岩洞中，有许多露出河流水面的石笋．这些石笋是由水滴长年滴落在岩石表面而逐渐积聚的矿物质形成的．如果上述断定为真，最能支持以下哪项结论？A、过去漓江的江面比现在高．B、只有漓江的岩洞中才有地下河流．C、漓江的岩洞中大都有地下河流．D、上述岩洞中的地下河流是在石笋形成前出现的．E、上述岩洞中地下河流的水比过去深．参考答案：E30－31基于以下题干：一般认为，一个人80岁和他在30岁相比，理解和记忆能力都显著减退．最近的一项调查显示，80岁的老人和30岁的年轻人在玩麻将时所表现出的理解和记忆能力没有明显差别．因此，认为一个人到了80岁理解和记忆能力会显著减退的看法时站不住脚的．30．以下哪项如果为真，最能消弱上述论证？A、玩麻将需要的主要不是理解和记忆能力．B、玩麻将只需要较低的理解和记忆能力．C、80岁的老人比30岁的年轻人有更多时间玩麻将．D、玩麻将有利于提高一个人的理解和记忆能力E、一个人到了80岁理解和记忆能力会显著减退的看法，是对老年人的偏见．参考答案：A31以下哪项如果为真，最能加强上述论证？A、目前30岁的年轻人的理解和记忆能力，高于50年前的同龄人．B、上述调查的对象都是退休或在职的大学教师．C、上述调查由权威部门策划和实施．D、记忆能力的减退不必然导致理解能力的减退．E、科学研究证明，人的平均寿命可以达到120岁．参考答案：A32．除了吃川菜，张涛不吃其他菜肴．所有林村人都爱吃川菜．川菜的特点为麻辣香，其中有大量的干鲜辣椒、花椒、大蒜、姜、葱、香菜等调料．大部分吃川菜的人都喜好一边吃川菜，一边喝四川特有的盖碗茶．如果上述断定为真，则以下哪项一定为真？A、所有林村人都爱吃麻辣香的食物．B、所有林村人都喝四川出产的茶．C、大部分林村人喝盖碗茶．D、张涛喝盖碗茶．E、张涛是四川人．参考答案：A33．地球在其形成的早期是一个熔岩状态的快速旋转体，绝大部分的铁元素处于其核心部分．有一些熔岩从这个旋转体的表面甩出，后来冷凝形成了月球．如果以上这种关于月球起源的理论正确，则最能支持以下哪项结论？A、月球是唯一围绕地球运行的星球．B、月球将早于地球解体．C、月球表面的凝固是在地球表面凝固之后．D、月球像地球一样具有固体的表层结构和熔岩状态的核心．E、月球的含铁比例小于地球核心部分的含铁比例．参考答案：E34．雌性斑马和它们的幼小子女离散后，可以在相貌体形相近的成群斑马中很快又聚集到一起．研究表明，斑马身上的黑白条纹是它们互相辨认的标志，而幼小斑马不能将自己母亲的条纹与其它成年斑马区分开来．显而易见，每个母斑马都可以辨别出自己后代的条纹．上述论证采用了以下哪种论证方法？A、通过对发生机制的适当描述，支持关于某个可能发生现象的假说．B、在对某种现象的两种可供选择的解释中，通过排除其中的一种，来确定另一种．C、论证一个普遍规律，病用来说明一特殊情况．D、根据两组对象有某些类似的特性，得出它们具有一个相同特性．E、通过反例推翻一个一般性结论．参考答案：B35．海拔越高，空气越稀薄．因为西宁的海拔高于西安，因此，西宁的空气比西安稀薄．以下哪项中的推理与题干的最为类似？A、一个人的年龄越大，他就变得越成熟．老张的年龄比他的儿子大，因此，老张比他的儿子成熟．B、一颗树的年头越长，它的多，老张院子中槐树的年头比老李家的槐树年头长，因此，老张家的槐树比老李家的年轮多．C、今年马拉松冠军的成绩比前年好，张华是今年的马拉松冠军，因此，他今年的马拉松成绩比他前年的好．D、在激烈竞争的市场上，产品质量越高并且广告投入越多，产品需要就越大．甲公司投入的广告费比乙公司的多，因此，对甲公司产品的需求量比对乙公司的需求量大．E、一种语言的词汇越大，越难学．英语比意大利语难学，因此，英语的词汇量比意大利语大．参考答案：B36．张教授：和谐的本质是多样性的统一．自然界是和谐的，例如没有两片树叶是完全相同的．因此，克隆人是破坏社会和谐的一种潜在危险．李研究员：你设想的那种危险是不现实的，因为一个人和他的克隆复制品完全相同的仅仅是遗传基因．克隆人在成长和受教育的过程中，必然在外形、个性和人生目标等诸方面形成自己的不同特点．如果说克隆人有可能破坏社会和谐的话，我看一个现实危险是，有人可能把他的克隆复制品当作自己的活“器官银行”．以下哪项最为民恰当地概括了张教授与李研究员争论的焦点？A、克隆人是否会破坏社会的和谐？B、一个人和他的克隆复制品的遗传基因是否可能不同？C、一个人和他的克隆复制品是否完全相同？D、和谐的本质是否为多样性的统一？E、是否可能有人把他的克隆复制品当作自己的活“器官银行”？参考答案：C37．在近现代科技的发展中，技术革新从发明、应用到推广的循环过程不断加快．世界经济的繁荣是建立在导致新产业诞生的连续不断的技术革新之上的．因此，产业界需要增加科研投入以促使经济进一卡持续发展．上述论证基于以下哪项假设？I科研成果能够产生一系列新技术、新发明．II电讯、生物制药、环保是目前技术革新循环最快的产业，将会在未来几年中产生大量的新技术、新发明．III目前产业界投入科研的资金量还不足以确保一系列新技术、新发明的产生．A、仅IB、仅IIIC、仅I和IID、仅I和IIIE、I、II和III参考答案：A38．在一次对全省小煤矿的安全检查后，甲、乙、丙三个安检人员有如下结论：甲：有小煤矿存在安全隐患．乙：有小煤矿不存在安全隐患．丙：大运和宏通两个小煤矿不存在安全隐患．如果上述三个结论只有一个正确，则以下哪项一定为真？A．大运和宏通煤矿都不存在安全隐患．B．大运和宏通煤矿都存在安全隐患．C．大运存在安全隐患，但宏通不存在安全隐患．D．大运不存在安全隐患，但宏通存在安全隐患．E．上述断定都不一定为真．参考答案：B39．研究发现，市面上X牌香烟的Y成分可以抑制EB病毒．实验证实，EB病毒是很强的直致鼻咽癌的病原体，可以导致正常的鼻咽部细胞转化为癌细胞．因此，经常吸X牌香烟的人将减少鼻咽癌的风险．以下哪项如果为真，最能消弱上述论证？A．不同条件下的实验，可以得出类似的结论．B．已经患鼻咽癌的患者吸X牌香烟后并未发现病情好转．C．Y成分可以抑制EB病毒，也可以对人的免疫系统产生负面作用．D．经常吸X牌香烟会加强Y成分对EB病毒的抑制作用．E．Y成分的作用可以被X牌香烟的Z成分中和．参考答案：E40-41基于以下题干：免疫研究室的钟教授说：“生命科学院从前的研究生那种勤奋精神越来越不多见了，因为我发现目前在我的研究生中，起早摸黑做实验的人越来越少了．”参考答案：40．钟教授的论证基于以下哪项假设？A．现在生命科学院的研究生需要从事的实验外活动越来越多．B．对于生命科学院的研究生来说，只有起早摸黑才能确保完成实验任务．C．研究生是否起早摸黑做实验是他们勤奋与否的一个重要标准．D．钟教授的研究生做实验不勤奋是由于钟教授没有足够的科研经费．E．现在的年轻人不热衷于实验室工作．参考答案：C41．以下哪项最为恰当地指出了钟教授推理中的漏洞？A、不当地断定：除了生命科学院以外，其它学院的研究生普遍都不够用功．B、没有考虑到研究生的不勤奋有各自不同的原因．C、只是提出了问题，但没有提出解决问题的方法．D、不当地假设：他的学生状况就是生命科学院所有研究生的一般状况．E、没有设身处地考虑他的研究生毕业后找工作的难处．参考答案：D42．某报评论：H市的空气质量本来应该已经得到改善．五年来，市政府在环境保护方面花了气力，包括耗资600多亿元将一些污染最严重的工厂迁走，但是，H市仍难摆脱空气污染的困扰，因为解决空气污染问题面临着许多不利条件，其中，一个是机动车辆的增加，另一个是全球石油价格的上升．以下各项如果为真，都能削弱上述论断，除了A、近年来H市加强了对废气的排放的限制，加大了对污染治理费征收的力度．B、近年来H市启用了大量电车和使用燃气的公交车，地铁的运行路线也有明显增加．C、由于石油涨价，许多计划购买豪华车的人转为购买低耗油的小型车．D、由于石油涨价，在国际市场上一些价位偏低的劣质含硫石油进入H市．E、由于汽油涨价和公车改革，拥有汽车的人缩减了驾车旅游的计划．参考答案：D43．对常兴市23家老人院的一项评估显示，爱慈老人院在疾病治疗水平方面受到的评价相当低，而在其它不少方面评价不错，虽然各老人院的规模大致相当，但爱慈老人院医生与住院老人的比率在常兴市的老人院中几乎是最小的？．因此，医生数量不足是造成爱慈老人院在疾病治疗水平方面评价偏低的原因．以下哪项如果为真，最能加强上述论证？A、和祥老人院也在常兴市，对其疾病治疗水平的评价比爱慈老人院还要低．B、爱慈老人院的医务护理人员比常兴市其他老人院都要多．C、爱慈老人院的医生发表的相关学术文章很少．D、爱慈老人院位于常兴市的市郊．E、爱慈老人院某些医生的医术一般．参考答案：B44-45基于以下题干：小红说：如果中山大道只允许通行轿车和不超过10吨的货车，大部分货车将绕开中山大道．小兵说：如果这样的话，中山大道的车流量将减少，从而减少中山大道的撞车事故．44．以下哪项是小红的断定所假设的？A、轿车和10吨以下的货仅能在中山大道行驶．B、目前中山大道的交通十分拥挤．C、货车司机都喜欢在中山大道行驶．D、大小货车在中山大道外的马路行驶十分便利．E、目前行驶在中山大道的大部分货车都在10吨以上．45．以下哪项如果为真，最能加强小兵的结论？A、中山大道的撞车事故主要发生在10吨以下的货车．B、在中山大道上，大客车很少发生撞车事故．C、中山大道因为常发生撞车事故，交通堵塞严重．D、许多原计划购买10吨以上货车的单位转而购买10吨以下的货车．E、近来中山大道周围的撞车事故减少了．参考答案：A46．一把钥匙能打开天下所有的锁．这样的万能钥匙是不可能存在的．以下哪项最符合题干的断定？A、任何钥匙都必然有它打不开的锁．B、至少有一把钥匙必然打不开天下所有的锁．C、至少有一把锁天下所有的钥匙都必然打不开．D、任何钥匙都可能有它打不开的锁．E、至少有一把钥匙可能打不开天下所有的锁．参考答案：A47．在一次歌唱竞赛中，每一名参赛选手都有评委投了优秀票．如果上述断定为真，则以下哪项不可能为真？I有的评委设了所有参赛选手优秀票II有的评委没有给任何参赛选手投优秀票III有的参赛选手没有得到一张优秀票．A、只有IB、只有IIC、只有IIID、只有I和IIE、只有I和III参考答案：C48-49基于以下题干：陈先生：北欧人具有一种特别明显的乐观精神．这种精神体现为日常生活态度，也体现为理解自然、社会和人生的哲学理念．北欧人的人均寿命历来是最高的，这正是导致他们具备乐观精神的重要原因．贾女士：你的说法难以成立．因为你的理解最多只能说明，北欧的老年人为何具备乐观精神．48．以下哪项最可能是贾女士的反驳所假设的？A、北欧的中青年人并不知道北欧人的人均寿命历来是最高的．B、只有已经长寿的人，才具备产生上述乐观精神的条件．C、北欧国家都有完美的保护老年人利益的社会福利制度．D、成熟的理解自然、社会和人生的哲学理念，只有老年人才可能具有．E、北欧人实际上并不具有明显的乐观精神．49．以下哪项如果为真，最能加强隐先生的观点并削弱贾女士的反驳？A、人均寿命是影响社会需求和生产的重要因素；经济发展水平是影响社会情绪的重要因素．B、北非的一些国家人均寿命不高，但并不缺乏乐观的民族精神．C、医学研究表明，乐观精神有利于长寿．D、经济发展水平是影响人的寿命及其情绪的决定因素．E、一家权威机构的最新统计表明，目前全世界人均寿命最高的国家是日本．参考答案：A50．大多数独生子女都有以自我为中心的倾向，有些非独生子女同样有以自我为中心的倾向。

吕建刚老师解析2005年1月MBA/MPACC/MPA管理类联考逻辑真题2005-1-24～25题基于以下题干：市政府计划对全市的地铁进行全面改造，通过较大幅度地提高客运量，缓解沿线包括高速公路上机动车的拥堵，市政府同时又计划增收沿线两条主要高速公路的机动车过路费，用以弥补上述改造的费用。

这样的理由是，机动车主是上述改造的直接受益者，应当承担部分开支。

2005-1-24.以下哪项相关断定如果为真，最能质疑上述计划？A.市政府无权支配全部高速公路机动车过路费收入。

B.地铁乘客同样是上述改造的直接受益者，但并不承担开支。

C.机动车有不同的档次，但收取的过路费区别不大。

D.为躲避多交过路费，机动车会绕开收费站，增加普通公路的流量。

E.高速公路上机动车拥堵现象不如普通公路严重。

【解析】措施目的型的削弱题。

题干：改造地铁并提高高速公路收费→缓解地铁沿线包括高速公路上机动车的拥堵。

如果D项为真，则实施上述计划可能在减少高速公路车流量的同时增加了普通公路的流量，因而不能从总体上真正缓解地铁沿线机动车的拥堵。

措施达不到目的。

【答案】D2005-1-25.以下哪项相关断定为真，最有助于论证上述计划的合理性。

A.上述计划通过了市民听证会的审议。

B.在相邻的大中城市中，该市的交通拥堵状况最为严重。

C.增收过路费的数额，经过专家的严格论证。

D.市政府有足够的财力完成上述改造。

E.改造后的地铁中，相当数量的乘客都有私人机动车。

【解析】措施目的型的支持题。

题干：改造地铁并提高高速公路收费→缓解地铁沿线包括高速公路上机动车的拥堵。

如果E项为真，地铁的乘客中，有很多人本来是开私人机动车的，现在改乘地铁了。

所以说明有助于缓解拥堵。

选项A诉诸于权威。

【答案】E2005-1-26.在期货市场上，粮食可以在收获前就“出售”，如果预测歉收，粮价就上升，如果预测丰收，粮价就下跌。

目前粮食作物正面临严重干旱，今晨气象学家预测，一场足以解除旱情的大面积降雨将在傍晚开始。

吕建刚老师解析2012年1月MBA/MPACC/MPA管理类联考逻辑真题2012-1-26.1991年6月15日，菲律宾吕宋岛上的皮纳图博火山突然大爆发，2000万吨二氧化硫气体冲入平流层，形成的霾像毯子一样盖在地球上空，把部分要照射到地球的阳光反射回太空。

几年之后，气象学家发现这层霾使得当时地球表面的温度累计下降了0.5℃。

而皮纳图博火山爆发前的一个世纪，因人类活动而造成的温室效应已经使地球表面温度升高了1℃。

某位持“人工气候改造论”的科学家据此认为，可以用火箭弹等方式将二氧化硫充入大气层，阻挡部分阳光，达到给地球表面降温的目的。

以下哪项如果为真，最能对该科学家提议的有效性构成质疑？A.如果利用火箭弹将二氧化硫充入大气层，会导致航空乘客呼吸不适。

B.如果在大气层上空放置反光物，就可以避免地球表面受到强烈阳光的照射。

C.可以把大气中的碳提取出来存储到地下，减少大气层中的碳含量。

D.不论任何方式，“人工气候改造”都将破坏地球的大气层结构。

E.火山喷发形成的降温效应只是暂时的，经过一段时间温度将再次回升。

【解析】削弱题此题是一个措施目的型的题目，题干提出：用火箭弹等方式将二氧化硫充入大气层，阻挡部分阳光，达到给地球表面降温的目的。

选项D 指出措施有恶果，可以削弱题干中的结论；E 项构成较强干扰，但题干只求降温，不需要“长期”降温。

【答案】D2012-1-27.只有具有一定文学造诣且具有生物学专业背景的人，才能读懂这篇文章。

如果上述命题为真，以下哪项不可能为真？A.小张没有读懂这篇文章，但他的文学造诣是大家所公认的。

B.计算机专业的小王没有读懂这篇文章。

C.从未接触过生物学知识的小李读懂了这篇文章。

D.小周具有生物学专业背景，但他没有读懂这篇文章。

E.生物学博士小赵读懂了这篇文章。

【解析】形式逻辑题干：文学造诣∧生物学专业背景←读懂这篇文章；等价于：﹁文学造诣∨﹁生物学专业背景→﹁读懂这篇文章；故C 项不可能为真。

2006年1月MBA联考逻辑真题解析26、答案是A，这个题是比较明确的，因为这是一个充分条件命题，“如果天不下雨我一定听音乐会”，三个副选项只有1是前见真、后见假，所以说明题干是假的。

2和3都是条件假的情况下进行判断，所以2和3不行，只有1、27、答案是C，“有时说某些善意的假话并不违背我意愿”，就是我想说的，实际上告诉我们“我想说的都是真话，并不违背我意愿的都是真话”，那么说任何假话包括善意的假话都不是我想说的，所以C不可能为真，而其他的都可能为真的。

28、答案是C，28题的争议比较大，我们把题干看一下，“有些人若有某一次厌食，会对这次膳食中有特殊味道的实物产生持续的厌恶，不管这种食物是否对身体有利”，这里我们注意它讲的食物不是一般的食物，是有特殊味道的食物，味道和人的什么相关呢？当然是味觉和嗅觉。

也就是味觉和嗅觉越敏锐就越可能产生强烈的厌食。

这里有两个干扰项，一个是A“小孩膳食食物中含有特殊味道的食物比成年人多”，但是如果嗅觉、味觉不敏感仍然可以不产生厌食。

B和成年人相比小孩较为缺乏食物健康的知识，不管这种食物是否对身体有利，也就是说对于身体有没有利不在考虑之列，既然不在考虑之列，那么与食物健康相关知识当然也不在考虑之列。

刚才我打了一个比喻，用吃药来做比喻，为什么大人比小孩更愿意吃药呢？因为大人知道吃药对身体有利。

小孩不知道吃药对身体有利，所以他不愿意吃药，大人愿意吃药是因为知道对身体有利。

如果大人也不管是不是有利，他也和小孩一样，他一样不吃药。

这里可以说明D不能够加强解释。

29、答案是E，“上述岩洞中地下河流的水比过去深”，题干中强调了这些石笋是由水滴常年滴落在岩石表面而逐渐积累的矿物质形成的。

这个石笋是露出河流水面而形成的石笋。

我们试想一下如果这个岩石当初不是露出水面形成滴落的水滴，又怎么形成石笋呢？后来河流水深了，淹没了岩石只剩下了石笋，因此B比较好的支持了题干。

30、答案是B，因为玩儿麻将只需要较低的理解和记忆能力，尽管老年人和30岁的人玩儿的一样好，智力还是平等的，年轻人智力很高，但是不一定表现出来，就像教授和小学生做1+1=2，并不是说他们的智力一样，只是教授的智力没有表现出来而已。

2006年1月份MBA联考英语真题Section II Cloze (10 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices, __21__ that businesses were still protecting consumers __22__ the full brunt (冲击) of higher energy costs.The Producer Price Index, __23__ measures what producers receive for goods and services, __24__ 1 percent in July, the Labor Department reported yesterday, double __25__ economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in June. Excluding __26__ and energy, the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent, __27__ than the 0.1 percent that economists had __28__. Much of that increase was a result of an __29__ increase in car and truck prices.On Tuesday, the Labor Department said the __30__ that consumers paid for goods and services in July were __31__ 0.5 percent over all, and up 0.1 percent, excluding food and energy.__32__ the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices __33__ caused by energy costs, which increased 4.4 percent in the month. (Wholesale food prices __34__ 0.3 percent in July.) __35__ July 2004, wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent; the core rate __36__ 2.8 percent, its fastest pace since 1995.Typically, increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similar changes in the consumer index __37__ businesses recoup (补偿) higher costs from customers. __38__ for much of this expansion, which started __39__ the end of 2001, that has not been the __40__. In fact, many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products.21. A. indicate B. to indicate C. indicating D. indicated22. A. of B. to C. by D. from23. A. that B. which C. it D. this24. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. raised25. A. that B. what C. which D. this26. A. food B. grain C. crop D. diet27. A. less B. lower C. higher D. more28. A. said B. reported C. calculated D. forecast29. A. expectable B. unexpected C. expectation D. expecting30. A. prices B. costs C. charges D. values31. A. down B. from C. to D. up32. A. Much B. Most C. Most of D. Much of33. A. was B. were C. is D. are34. A. fall B. fell C. falls D. has fallen35. A. Comparing with B. In comparison C. Compared with D. Compare to36. A. dropped B. declined C. lifted D. climbed37. A. as B. so C. while D. when38. A. And B. But C. Yet D. Still39. A. at B. by C. in D. to40. A. condition B. situation C. matter D. caseSection III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Office jobs among the positions hardest hit by computation (计算机自动化). Word processors and typists will lose about 93 000 jobs over the next few years, while 57 000 secretarial jobs will vanish. Blame the PC: Today, many executives type their own memos and carry their “secretaries”in the palms of their hands. Time is also hard for stock clerks, whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68 000. And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are being replaced with computerized systems.But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line. Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies. When new technologies shook up the telecomm business, telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retaining. She is now a communications technician, earning about $ 64 000 per year. Of course, if you’ve been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years, and you find yourself replaced by an E-ZPass machine, it may be of little consolation (安慰) to know that the telecomm field is booming.And that’s just it: The service economy is fading; welcome to the expertise (专门知识) economy. To succeed in the new job market, you must be able to handle complex problems. Indeed, all but one of the 50 highest-paying occupations—air-traffic controller—demand at least a bachelor’s degree.For those with just a high school diploma (毕业证书), it’s going to get tougher to find a well-paying job. Since fewer factory and clerical jobs will be available, what’s left will be the jobs that computation can’t kill: Computers can’t clean offices, or care for Alzheimer’s patients (老年痴呆病人). But, since most people have the skills to fill those positions, the wages stay painfully low, meaning computation could drive an even deeper wedge (楔子) between the rich and poor. The best advice now: Never stop learning, and keep up with new technology.For busy adults, of course, that can be tough. The good news is that the very technology that’s reducing so many jobs is also making it easier to go back to school—without having to sit in a classroom. So-called Internet distance learning is hot, with more than three million students currently enrolled, and it’s gaining credibility with employers.Are you at risk of losing your job to a computer? Check the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Outlook Handbook, which is available online at .41. From the first paragraph we can infer that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment EXCEPT ______.A. secretaries.B. stock clerks.C. managers.D. wholesalers42. In the second paragraph the author mentions the tollbooth collector to ______.A. mean he will get benefits from the telecomm fieldB. show he is too old to shift to a new positionC. console him on having been replaced by a machineD. blame the PC for his unemployment43. By saying “… compumation could drive an even deeper wedge between the rich and poor”(Line 5, Para. 4) the author means ______.A. people are getting richer and richerB. there will be a small gap between rich and poorC. the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and largerD. it’s time to close up the gap between the rich and poor44. What is the author’s attitude towards computers?A. positiveB. negativeC. neutralD. prejudiced45. Which of the following might serve as the best title of the passage?A. Blaming the PCB. The booming telecomm fieldC. Internet distance learningD. Keeping up with compumationQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates. Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate (半文盲).Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational-repair shops—adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high-school graduates and high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school. They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.I will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump card of failure. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.Our son was a high-school senior when he had her for English. “He sits in the back of the room talking to his friends,” she told me. “Why don’t you move him to the front row?” I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs. Stifter said, “I don’t move seniors.I flunk (使…不及格) them.” Our son’s academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this. It was a radical approach for these times, but well, why not? “She’s going to flunk you,” I told my son. I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority (头等要事) in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.I know one example doesn’t make a case, but at night I see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish. “Ishould have been held back,” is a comment I hear frequently. Even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class, “I don’t know how I ever got a high-school diploma.”Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates having basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can’t learn if they come from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don’t put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at risk. They’d rather be sailing.Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they’ve got. They have a healthy fear of failure.People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Young people generally don’t have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. But fear of failure can motivate both.46. What is the subject of this essay?A. view point on learningB. a qualified teacherC. the importance of examinationD. the generation gap47. How did Mrs. Sifter get the attention of one of the author’s children?A. flunking him.B. moving his seat.C. blaming him.D. playing card with him.48. The author believes that the most effective way for a teacher is to ______.A. purify the teaching environmentsB. set up cooperation between teachers and parentsC. hold back studentD. motivate student49. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that the authors’attitude toward flunking is ______.A. negativeB. positiveC. biasedD. indifferent50. Judging from the content, this passage is probably written for ______.A. administratorsB. studentsC. teachersD. parentsQuestion 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.“All I hear in higher education is, ‘Brand, brand, brand,’”said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. “There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education.”Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School.Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s creation of “naming structures,”“brand architecture”and “identity systems,”the university has come up with a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos (标识), banners, business cards and even names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the New School.”Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban counties east of San Francisco.The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University at Pueblo two years ago, hoping to highlight many internal changes, including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for sever reasons: to break the connection with its past as a women’s college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged (完全成熟的) university and, officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the college’s old name on late-night television and “morning zoo” radio shows.Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average student’s test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokes woman, said.51. Which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?A. They prefer higher education competitionB. They try to gain advantage in market share.C. They want to project their image.D. They hope to make some changes.52. It is implied that one of the most significant changes in higher education in the past decade is ______.A. the brandB. the college namesC. the concept of marketingD. list of majors53. The phrase “come up with” (Line 3, Para. 4) probably means ______.A. catch up withB. deal withC. put forwardD. come to the realization54. The case of name changing form Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State indicates that the university ______.A. is perceived by the societyB. hopes to expand its influenceC. prefers to reform its teaching programsD. expects to enlarge its campus55. According to the spokes woman, the name change of Beaver College ______.A. turns out very successfulB. fails to attain its goalC. has eliminated some jokesD. has transformed its statusQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:It looked just like another aircraft from the outside. The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964. But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.Insides, the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel. Heavily padded (填塞) from floor to ceiling, it looked a bit strange. There were almost no windows, but lights along the padded walls illuminated it. Most of the seats had been taken out, apart from a few at the back, where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear.For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency. The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions.For the next two hours, the flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lost its reason, shooting upwards towards the heavens before rushing towards Earth. The invention was to achieve weightlessness for a few seconds.The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45-degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut out and we became weightless. Everything became confused and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent (下降) the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its experiment. First it was the Dutch who wanted to discover how it is that cats always land on their feet. Then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if it could be used for building a future space station. The Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.After two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments, the predominant feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat.56. What did the writer say about the plane?A. It had no seats.B. It was painted white.C. It had no windows.D. The outside was misleading.57. According to the writer, how did the young scientists feel before the flight?A. sickB. keenC. nervousD. impatient58. What did the pilot do with the plane after it took off?A. He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.B. He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.C. He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.D. He climbed and then made the plane turn over.59. According to the passage, the purpose of being weightless was to ______.A. see what conditions are like in spaceB. prepare the young scientists fro future work in spaceC. show the judges of the competition what they could doD. make the teams try out their ideas60. This passage was written to ______.A. encourage young people to take up scienceB. describe the process of a scientific competitionC. show scientists what young people can doD. report on a new scientific technique。

2006年GCT联考逻辑真题及参考答案２００６年逻辑推理能力测试（50题，每题2分，满分100分）1．1993年以来，我国内蒙古地区经常出现沙尘暴，造成重大经济损失。

有人认为，沙尘暴是由于气候干旱造成草原退化、沙化而引起的，是天灾，因此是不可避免的。

以下各项如果为真，能够对上述观点提出质疑，除了___________A．上世纪50年代，内蒙古锡林郭勒草原的草有马肚子那样高，现在的草连老鼠都盖不住。

B．在内蒙古呼伦贝尔和锡林郭勒退化草原的对面，蒙古国草原的草高达1米左右。

C．在几乎无人居住的中蒙10公里宽的边界线上，草依然保持上世纪50年代的高度。

D．沙尘暴增多主要是由于超载放牧、对草原掠夺性经营等人为因素造成的。

2．在选举社会，每一位政客为了当选都要迎合选民。

程扁是一位超级政客，特别想当选；因此，他会想尽办法迎合选民。

在很多时候，不开出许多空头支票，就无法迎合选民。

而事实上，程扁当选了。

从题干中推出哪一个结论最为合适？A．程扁肯定向选民开出了许多空头支票。

B．程扁肯定没有向选民开出了许多空头支票。

C．程扁很可能向选民开出了许多空头支票。

D．程扁很可能没有向选民开出了许多空头支票。

3．如果高层管理人员本人不参与薪酬政策的制定，公司最后确定的薪酬政策就不会成功。

另外，如果有更多的管理人员参与薪酬政策的制定，告诉公司他们认为重要的薪酬政策，公司最后确定的薪酬政策将更加有效。

以上陈述如果为真，以下哪项陈述不可能假？A．除非有更多的管理人员参与薪酬政策的制定，否则，公司最后确定的薪酬政策不会成功。

B．或者高层管理人员本人参与薪酬政策的制定，或者公司最后确定的薪酬政策不会成功。

C．如果高层管理人员本人参与薪酬政策的制定，公司最后确定的薪酬政策就会成功。

D．如果有更多的管理人员参与薪酬政策的制定，公司最后确定的薪酬政策将更加有效。

4．土耳其自1987年申请加入欧盟，直到目前双方仍在进行艰难的谈判。

从战略上考虑，欧盟需要土耳其，如果断然对土耳其说“不”，欧盟将会在安全、司法、能源等方面失去土耳其的合作。

MBA考试《逻辑》历年真题和解析答案0601-261、在某届洲际杯足球大赛中，第一阶段某小组单循环赛共有4支队伍参加，每支队伍需要在这一阶段比赛三场，甲国足球队在该小组的前两轮比赛中一平一负，在第三轮比赛之前，甲国队主教练在新闻发布会上表示：“只有我们在下一场比赛中取得胜利并且本组的另外一场比赛打成平局，我们才有可能从这个小组出线。

”如果甲国队主教练的陈述为真，以下哪项是不可能的（）。

【逻辑推理】A.第三轮比赛该小组两场比赛都分出了胜负，甲国队从小组出线B.甲国队第三场比赛取得了胜利，但他们未能从小组出线C.第三轮比赛甲国队取得了胜利，该小组另一场比赛打成平局，甲国队未能从小组出线D.第三轮比赛该小组另外一场比赛打成平局，甲国队从小组出线E.第三轮比赛该小组两场比赛都打成了平局，甲国队未能从小组出线正确答案:A答案解析:甲国主教练的观点是假言命题，即“小组出线—甲国第三轮胜利并且第三轮另外一组平局”，与此命题矛盾的命题不可能为真，即“甲国足球队出线的同时，或者甲国第三轮没有胜利或者第三轮另外一组没有平局”，选项A说明，第三轮比赛另外一组没有平局，而甲国也出线了，所以该选项不可能为真。

2、注重对孩子的自然教育，让孩子亲身感受大自然的神奇与美妙，可促进孩子释放天性，激发自身潜能。

而缺乏这方面教育的孩子容易变得孤独，道德、情感与认知能力的发展都会受到一定影响。

以下哪项与以上陈述方式最为类似（）。

【逻辑推理】A.脱离环境保护搞经济是“涸泽而渔”，离开经济发展抓环境保护是“缘木求鱼”B.只说一种语言的人，首次被诊断出患阿尔茨海默症的平均年龄为76岁；说三种语言的人首次被诊断出患阿尔茨海默症的平均年龄约为78岁C.老百姓过去“盼温饱”，现在“盼环保”，过去“求生存”，现在“求生态”D.注重调查研究，可以让我们掌握第一手资料；闭门造车只能让我们脱离实际E.如果孩子完全依赖电子设备来进行学习和生活，将会对环境越来越漠视正确答案:D答案解析:题干的陈述结构相当于：采取A行动，可以得到较好的B结果；不采取A行动，可以得到较差的C结果。

吕建刚老师解析2006年10月在职MBA/MPACC/MPA管理类联考逻辑真题2006-10-26.麦老师：只有博士生导师才能担任学校“高级职称评定委员会”评委。

宋老师：不对。

董老师是博士生导师，但不是“高级职称评定委员会”评委。

宋老师的回答说明他将麦老师的话错误地理解为：A.有的“高级职称评定委员会”评委是博士生导师。

B.董老师应该是“高级职称评定委员会”评委。

C.只要是博士生导师，就是“高级职称评定委员会”评委。

D.并非所有的博士生导师都是“高级职称评定委员会”评委。

E.董老师不是学科带头人，但他是博士生导师。

【解析】形式逻辑题题干：麦老师：博士生导师←评委宋老师错把必要条件当成了充分条件，认为只要是博士生导师就是评委。

【答案】C2006-10-27.并非蔡经理负责研发或者负责销售工作。

如果上述陈述为真，以下哪项陈述一定为真？A.蔡经理既不负责研发也不负责销售。

B.蔡经理负责销售但不负责研发。

C.蔡经理负责研发但不负责销售。

D.如果蔡经理不负责销售，那么他负责研发。

E.如果蔡经理负责销售，那么他不负责研发。

【解析】形式逻辑题题干： 并非（研发或销售），等价于：﹁研发∧﹁销售。

因此，蔡经理既不负责研发也不负责销售。

【答案】A2006-10-28.2000年，宏发投资基金的基金总值40%用于债券的购买。

近几年来，由于股市比较低迷，该投资基金更加重视投资债券，在2004年，其投资基金的60%都用于购买债券。

因此，认为该投资基金购买债券比过去减少的观点是站不住脚的。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述论证？A.2004年宏发投资基金的总额比2000年少。

B.宏发投资基金的领导层关于基金的投资取向一直存在不同的看法和争论。

C.宏发投资基金经营部有许多新来的员工，对该基金的投资决策情况并不了解。

D.宏发投资基金面临的竞争压力越来越大，无论怎样调整投资结构，经营风险都在增加。

E.宏发投资基金2004年投资股票的比例比2000年要低。