名词的分类(一)一、专有名词 (Proper Noun)1、人名:Bill Gates,Lady Gaga,Miss Chen...2、地名:Italy,China,Beijing,Shanghai,the Great Wall...3、时间:July,September,Saturday,Monday,Christmas,Spring Festival...4、机构、组织:the New York Times,China Daily,Air China,the People’s Congress...二、普通名词(Common Noun)1、个体名词:表示个别的人或者事物的名称,teacher,tiger,map,chair,bus...2、集体名词:表示一群人或者事物的名称,class,family,people,police...3、物质名词:表示构成各种物体和材料的名称,air,water,wood,oil,sand...4、抽象名词:表示性质、行为、状态或情感等抽象概念的词,memory,knowledge,health...名词的分类(二)一、可数名词(countable nouns)有单数和复数的变化二、不可数名词(uncoutable nouns)一般没有单数复数的变化,以复数出现的时候,意义不一样。
名词的数(一)规则复数1、大部分名词直接在词尾加s,computers,cats,houses,faces,boys,names,dogs,boys.2、以th结尾的加s,months,baths,mouths.3、以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加es,classes,boxes,watches,churches.4、以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i加es,party-parties,factories,ladies,spies.注:以y结尾的专有名词直接加s,Germanys,boy-boys,toy-toys,day-days5、以fe/f结尾的,变fe/f为v加es,knife-knives,wife-wives,thief-thieves,leaf-leaves某些词直接加s:beliefs,chiefs,cliffs,roofs6、以o结尾的词:(1)以辅音字母+o结尾的词,加es. heroes,negroes,tomatoes, potaotoes,vetoes,echoes.. (2)以元音字母+o结尾的名词,加s. Radios, studios,bamboos,kangaroos, cuckoos,zoos. (3)某些外来词或者缩写词+s.photos,solos,pianos,kilos,memos,cellos,autos.(二)不规则复数foot-feet goose-geese tooth-teeth man-men woman-womenmouse-mice louse-lice child-children ox-oxenpenney-pence-pennnies(三)单复同行的词a deer-two deer a fish-two fish a sheep-two sheep twenty cattle(牛群) a trout-two trout a Chinese-two Chinese a police-two policecraft以及其合成词:aircraft,spacecraft这些名词通常以复数形式出现,works,means,series,species,barracks,headquarters,goods (四)集体名词的数通常只作复数的集体名词:people,cattle,police通常只作单数的集体名词:machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery,clothing,equipment 既可以作单数又可以作复数的词,单数强调整体,复数强调个体成员.Class,school,crowd,army,family,party,public,world,team,enemy,government,group. Eg:The class is big. The class are all busy.(五)不可数名词的数.中学常见的不可数名词:advice,fun,news,information,progress,baggage,luggage,furniture,equipment,luck,traf fic,weather,wood,work,homework,housework,cloth,bread,fruit.(六)不定量词对名词的修饰只修饰可数的:many,few,a number of只修饰不可数的:much,little,a large amount of,a great deal of两者都可以修饰的:some,any,plenty of,a lot of,a large quantity of单位词(partitive)单位词:又叫单位名词,是表示物体个体性的词,英语中的可数名词与单位词搭配表示一群、一帮等含义,不可数名词一般没有单复之分,不以个数计算,对这类名词计数也得用单位词。