初中八年级英语健康环保类阅读

2016年05月06日初中八年级英语健康环保类阅读一．填空题（共8小题）1．（2014•济宁）36．Lily and her family moved to a new flat．A．yesterday B．last week C．last month D．three days ago37．Lily is very happy mainly because．A．she has just heard from Alice B．she has got her own bedroomC．she has a bigger bedroom now D．she shares a room with her sister38．Lily on her computer．A．reads books and draws pictures B．learns to make different dishesC．plays CDs and listens to the radio D．plays games and sends e﹣mails39．From the letter we know all the following EXCEPT that．A．there is a computer in Lily’s room B．Lily often helps her mother cookC．Lily’s mother is good at cooking D．Lily’s mother is Chinese．2．（2014•南通）These days haze（雾霾）is around us here and there．In fact，everyone has the power to change their living habits to help reduce it．Many local governments call on their people to take action to make the air cleaner．Transport is one of the biggest contributors（促成物）to haze．When，where，how，why and what you drive all affect air quality．When one drives to work for one year，he uses as mush energy as a bus rider uses in 10years．So walk or ride your bicycle to work or school whenever possible．If it is necessary，you can use public transport instead of your car．Each person using public transport for a year instead of a car can save nearly a tonne of pollutants，including CO2，from going into the atmosphere．Carpooling is another way to reduce carbon emissions（排放）．Carpooling is the sharing of car journeys so that more than one person travels in a car．It immediately reduces your car’s emissions by half．What you do inside your living space can have a big effect on the air quality outside it．You can do a lot of things inside and around your home that will help you pollute less and save some money．A large amount of our energy supply comes from burning coal，another contributor to haze．By cutting down your electricity use，you are cutting down on haze．So you may try to reduce your use of electricity by turning off lights，using your air conditioner wisely during the summer months，or updating some of your electrical appliances to low﹣energy models．For example，you can use energy﹣saving lamps that require less energy and last 10times longer than common bulbs．38．Which does the writer think should play an important rode in reducing haze？A．City cleaners B．Haze producersC．Local governments D．Common people39．We can infer（推断）from the passage that the writer thinks．A．cars can be used only when people have toB．cars should be given up as soon as possibleC．cars must be improved to reduce air pollutionD．cars may cause the most serious pollution of all40．We should reduce the use of electricity mainly because．A．we can save a lot of money by using less energyB．coal is now becoming rarer and rarer on our planetC．harmful things come out while electricity is producedD．electrical appliances send out something harmful to our air41．Which can be the best title for the passage？A．What are causing haze around usB．What you can do to reduce hazeC．How dangerous haze is to our lifeD．How important it is to reduce haze．3．（2014•遵义）Weighing too much can be bad for your health，and being fat is a growing problem for both kids and adults around the world．In the U．S today，about 9million children over the age of 6are fat．Sleep might be one answer to the problem of being fat．Past studies have shown a relation between sleeping less and weighing more，but scientists have had a hard time deciding“which came first，the chicken or the egg？”To get a better idea of which cause which，scientists interviewed the parents of 785third grade students about how well their kids sleep that year．Three years later，the parents answered the same questions．By sixth grade，18% of these kids were fat．The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students’race or sex．It also didn’t matter how strict their parents were，or whether they were boys or girls．Being fat is a problem of these group equally．Instead，sleep seemed to be the main reason．For the six grade students，every night of sleep above the 9.5﹣hour average（平均）caused a 20% lower risk of being fat．Sleep appeared moreimportant for the third grade students．One more hour of sleep they get led to 40% less in fatness before third grade．66．What is main idea of the passage？A．Being fat is a growing problem B．Scientists had a hard time in interviewing C．Sleeping less causes weighing more67．How many parents are interviewed？A．Just 785 B．about 150 C．about 9million68．What is the reason for being fat？A．race or sex B．parents C．sleeping time．69．Which is true about the six grade students according to the passage？A．Less than 40% of the six grade students became fat．B.18% of the six grade students got fat．C.20% of the six grade students slept over 9.5hours a night．70．What is the suggestion for the third grade students？A．They should sleep for about 9.5hours every night．B．One more hour of sleep a night can make them fat．C．Eating chicken and egg is good for them．4．（2014•丽水）E﹣waste is fast becoming a serious problem around the world．This report will examine this problem and provide some possible ways to solve it．We live in a society that is producing and using electronics（电子产品）all the time．It is often cheaper to buy new products than to repair old ones．Also，through clever advertising，companies always encourage people to change their old TVs，mobile phones and computers for the latest models．E﹣waste is created when we throw away old ones．In the EU alone，about 8，700，000tons of e﹣waste is produced each year．Sadly，just over 1，000，000tons is recycled．Burying（填埋）e﹣waste or burning it cause serious problems for the environment．Electronics have dangerous things in them．These things can then get into the ground or pollute the air when they are burnt．In recent years，．However，their plans are not always managed properly．Sometimes electronics are just sent to poor countries such as Ghana．Here they are often burnt in public areas，which is very bad for people’s health．Setting up recycling centers is a good way to solve this problem．E﹣cycling centers could recycle the parts that can be reused and deal with the rest properly．Another way is to make producers responsible（负责任）for their used products．This means that producers must take back old products which are no longer wanted．They should then make sure they are properly recycled or reused．As for us，we should try to cut down on e﹣waste．Change electronics only when we have to．And don’t buy a product just to have the latest model．E﹣waste is a serious problem in the modern world．Both producers and users must take actions and try to keep it to the smallest amount．（1）According to the passage，it is often to buy new electronics than to repair old ones．A．more expensive B．more difficultC．cheaper D．worse（2）In the passage the underlined word“they”refers to．A．the old products B．the producersC．the users D．the new products（3）Which of the following is the best for the blank in Paragraph 4？A．the e﹣waste problem has been solvedB．the e﹣waste problem continues growingC．many countries have started recycling e﹣wasteD．people haven’t realized the e﹣waste problem yet（4）Which sentence shows the writer’s opinion？A．Burning e﹣waste causes problems for the environment．B．E﹣waste problem is very serious and people should take actions．C．Sometimes electronics are sent to poor countries such as Ghana．D．In the EU alone，about 8，700，000tons of e﹣waste is produced each year．5．（2014•泸州）All living things on the earth need other living things to live．Nothing live alone．Most animals must live in a group，and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind．Sometimes one living thing kills another，or one eats and the other is eaten．One kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live，and together they form a food chain（食物链）．All food chains begin with the sun，and all food chains become broken up if one of them disapp ears．All life needs sunlight to live on．But only plants can use sunlight directly．Plantsare“factories”．They make food from sunlight，water and things in the soil and air．Plants feed all over living thing．Animals can only use the sun’s energy （能力）after it has been changed into food by plants，some animals feed directly on plants，other eat smaller animals．Meat﹣eating animals are only eating plants indirectly．What about human beings？We are members of any food chain．We eat ice，vegetables，fruits and so on．We also eat meat．But men often break up the food chain．They kill wild animals．They also make rivers，lakes and seas dirty．When these river，lakes and seas are polluted，the fish in then cannot be eaten．If men eat the fish，they will get strange disease．Each form of life is linked（联系）to all others．Breaking the links puts all life in danger．41．Food chains suggest that．A．every life needs food．B．plants are very importantC．no living thing can live alone．D．living things need different food．42．From the text we can learn that the sun．A．forms a food chainB．makes animals to grow fastC．is the beginning of food chainsD．is directly giving us different food43．What do plants need to grow up？a．living things b．soil c．water d．sunlight e．things in the airA．a；b；c；dB．b；c；d；eC．a；b；d；eD．a；c；d；e44．Which can change the sun’s energy into food？A．PlantsB．HumansC．Plant﹣eating animalsD．Meat﹣eating animals45．The writer is trying to tell us not to．A．kill animals．B．break the links of life．C．worry about food chains．D．eat fish from polluted water．6．（2014•海口）Qi Haoran，a Junior 1student，was quite busy over the past winter vacation﹣and not just with homework．Qi，together with 10other classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign （“光盘行动”）．The 11students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of saving food．“Excuse me，do you know that 950million people around the world still haven’t got enough to eat？Please don’t waste food．”They would say this kind of thing hundreds of times every day．The Clean Your Plate Campaign began on the Internet in January．It calls on people to reduce food waste．China in these years had serious problems with wasted food．CCTV reported in January that the food Chinese people waste every year is enough to feed 200million people for a year．Chinese people are well known for being hospitable （好客的）and generous（大方的）．Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food．Luckily，the campaign has got the support of many．In a restaurant in Xinjiang，the owner give the guests who have eaten all that they ordered a sticker （贴花）．People can enjoy a free meal when they have 10stickers．More than 750restaurants in Beijing have begun to offer smaller dishes and encourage their guests to take leftovers （剩饭剩菜）homeTo reduce food waste is a big task，and it needs time．It’s important that everyone does their bit，just like Qi．Did you finish your meals today？根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最恰当的答案．66．What did the 11students do in the winter vacation？A．The helped each other with homework．B．They opened a restaurant together．C．They volunteered for a campaign．D．They collected money from customers in restaurants．67．In this passage the underlined word“call on”meansA．打电话B．号召C．拜访D．叫喊68．The Clean Your Plate Campaign calls on people to．A．do volunteer work B．work part time in restaurantsC．cut down on food waste D．wash your plates after dinner69．From Paragraphs 4﹣5，we learn that．A．wasting food is a serious problem in ChinaB．Chinese people waste the most food in the worldC．Chinese people want to show off that they are richD．most Chinese people are afraid of losing face at the table70．What did the restaurant in Beijing do to support the campaign？A．The owner would have dinner with those who had eaten up their food．B．It offered a free meal to the guests who had finished all their food ten times．C．It gave stickers to the guests who ordered small dishes．D．It encouraged customers to take leftovers home．7．（2014•黔西南州）There are many kinds of pollution around us，（31）air pollution，soil pollution，noise pollution and light pollution．They are bad （32）our health in many ways．Burning gas，oil and coal creates air pollution．It can cause sore eyes and（33）problems．With the increase of pollution and the development of industry，litter is everywhere．It makes our environment dirty．People put lots of rubbish in the land．Farmers use too many（34）in the fields．They destroy the soil．So soil pollution has become serious．Noise pollution can make people（35）．For example，people may lose their hearing if they work in a（36）place for a long time．Too much noise can cause high blood pressure （37）．Working for a long time in strong，changeable light（38）cause some kinds of illnesses．It makes people feel（39）and is especially bad for the eyes．With（40 ）pollution，our planet will become greener and our health will be better．Let’s be greener people．31．A．such as B．for example C．such like D．as well as 32．A．to B．in C．for D．at 33．A．breaths B．breathe C．breathed D．breathing 34．A．chemical B．chemicals C．chemistry D．chemistries 35．A．blind B．lame C．black D．deaf 36．A．noise B．noisy C．noisily D．noises 37．A．as well B．too C．either D．also 38．A．must B．should C．may D．need 39．A．terrible B．comfortable C．terribly D．comfortably 40．A．little B．a little C．less D．fewer．8．（2014•宁德）任务型阅读根据下列短文内容，用适当的词完成表格．每空一词．Are you having too much salt？You might not think so．But people in China eat on average （平均）about 12grams of salt each day，that is much higher than the 6grams suggested by the World Health Organization．Many people in China don’t realize they are eating too much salt，because about 75% of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy，such as bread，soups and sausages．A small amount（数量）of salt is important for good health because our bodies need it．But past studies have found that people who eat more salt than they need may have high blood pressure．Eating too much salt has also been connected with other conditions，like a heart problem．If you want to cut down on salt，here are two tips：Cut back on（减低）high salt foods．Most foods contain（包含）some salt．But some foods such as cheese，salted fish and chips are almost always high in salt because of the way they are made．You can still enjoy them，but try to have these in smaller amounts，or eat them less often．Choose reduced salt bread and breakfast cereals（谷物）．Bread and breakfast cereals are main source（来源）of salt in the diet．For these foods，there can be a really big difference between different types and brands（品牌）．So next time you’re shopping，take the time to compare the salt levels on a few similar products．And always try to choose the ones lower in salt．Problems Many people don’t realize about three（76）of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy．Eating too much salt can（77）high blood pressure and otherdiseases．Advice Eat 6grams of （78）each day to keep fit．For a healthier life，we should eat（79）salted food．（80）eating too much salt to cooking and at table．二．完形填空（共6小题）9．（2014•威海）Why do we like drinking water from plastic bottles？Some people think it is healthy and clean．Others drink bottled water because it’s easy﹣you can carry it around with you．In hot countries，like Greece，we often buy bottles of cold water in the summer．However，making lots of plastic is not a good idea for many reasons．First of all，we need a lot of oil for plastic products．We usually use oil as a source（资源）of energy．If we reduced the number of bottles we made，we wouldn’t need so much oil．Plastic bottles also pollute the environment．If we recycled all our plastic bottles，we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps．But in Greece，we don’t recycle much of the plastic we use．In 2006，Greeks recycled only about 10% of plastic waste．The rest became rubbish on land and in rivers and seas．So next time you want to throw away a plastic bottle in the litter bin，stop and think．If you recycled it，you would help the environment．But what can you do when there isn’t a recycling bin near you？Well，there are lots of useful ways that you can use your bottles again．For example，an empty bottle makes a great piggy bank for your pocket money，and if you cut a bottle in half，you will have a plant pot．Go green!You can make adifference．46．What is not mentioned about bottled water in this passage？A．It’s healthy．B．It’s clean．C．It’s easy．D．It’s expensive．47．Plastic products are made from．A．energyB．oilC．rubbishD．plants48．of plastic waste became rubbish in Greece in 2006．A.10%B.50%C.80%D.90%49．Which is the best way to deal with used plastic bottles？A．To recycle them．B．To make a piggy bank．C．To make a plant pot．D．To drop them into the river．50．The underlined part in this passage tells us“”．A．To make a different life，you’d better go outside．B．To look different，you’d better wear green clothes．C．To protect the environment，you can do something．D．To go green，you should use plastic products．10．（2014•呼伦贝尔）Are you afraid of tests？What will you do to prepare for a test？The following suggestions will be helpful．Pay attention to what your teacher gives about a coming test．Write down exactly what you will be tested on．Knowing what the test will cover is half done．Make a review list that includes important points from class and reading material．Then your studying notes will be in one place．What’s more，rewriting the material will help you to remember it．Don’t cram （突击式学习）！Test preparation begins the first day of class，so keep on doing your reading and homework．Then you just need to review for the test﹣not learn all the materials．If you wait until the night before to try to learn everything，you will only put more stress （压力）on yourself．Get a good night’s sleep before the test，but if you can’t，don’t be awake the whole night．Research shows that getting at least four hours of sleep produces the better test results．Eat a healthy breakfast to keep your mind sharp （敏锐的）．Avoid sugar，as it will weaken your ability to concentrate （全神贯注）．66．How many suggestions have you got from the text？A．Two．B．Three．C．Four．D．Five．67．The suggestions are given to the students who are．A．in fear of the testB．good at learningC．in need of sleepD．poor at reading68．Where will students probably know something about a coming test？A．From their classmates．B．From their teachers．C．From reading material．D．From studying notes．69．Cramming will make it difficult for students to．A．be busy reviewing at firstB．enjoy the first day of classC．make good test preparationD．put more stress on themselves70．What do you think will weaken your ability to concentrate？A．Eating a healthy breakfast．B．Taking too much sugar．C．Keeping your mind sharp．D．Getting a good night’s sleep．11．（2014•威海）Emily and Alex were happy when their family moved to a house with a very big garden．They could climb up trees，grow flowers and even play badminton．They liked to watch the birds flying among the trees in the garden．They even started to put food out to attract more birds．Everything was fine for a few days until one afternoon there was a strange bumping noise on a window．Emily went outside and found a small bird dead on the grass．It's neck seemed to be broken．“It must have flown into the window，”Alex said when his sister Emily called him to have a look．“Ah，yes，look here．You can see the mark where it hit the window．There are a couple of tiny feathers stuck（粘贴）on the window．”“Poor thing!”Emily said．During the next month，five more birds died in the same way．“Why would they fly to the windows？”they wondered．Finally they found out the truth．When the birds were flying，they couldn’t see into the rooms．All they saw was the reflection（反射）of the garden．They thought that they were flying into trees because they saw trees reflected by the window．“Something has to be done to save the birds．”the parents decided．At first，he family tried keeping curtains（窗帘）across the windows，but this made the room dark．Then they bought some strong black paper and cut out the shape of a hawk．They made six hawks﹣one for each window．They stuck the hawks to the windows．They looked pretty and did not keep out much light．When the birds saw the hawks，they would fly away．After that，there were no more dead birds．The family were much happier．41．They put food out to attract birds because they．A．had a special garden for birdsB．wanted to see more birds flying in the gardenC．had too much bird food to feed thebirdsD．wanted to catch some birds in the garden42．birds died in the garden．A.4B.5C.6D.743．The birds flew to the windows because they．A．found the windows very cleanB．fought for more foodC．thought there were more trees aheadD．wanted to go into the room44．The underlined word“hawk”means．A．鹰B．丛林C．山脉D．燕子45．The story is mainly about．A．why the birds died in the gardenB．the family were good at paper﹣cuttingC．the family had a very big new houseD．how the family saved the birds in the garden．12．（2014•绵阳）A high school in England has found a new solution to allow students to sleep longer in the morning．The＄25，000﹣a﹣year Hampton Court House School is starting a 1：30to 7：00pm timetable in September．It will become the only school in Britain that starts lessons in the afternoon．Head teacher Guy Holloway said the changed hours should help students get higher grades．He said research on human brains shows students can do better if they can sleep longer in the morning．Mr．Holloway said：“We want to get students into an environment where they can get quality sleep and their bodies are working well in correct ways．“He added：“It's about what works in our neighborhood．”The aftermoon start is supported by research by Oxford University．Researcher Dr．Paul Kelley said：“You can’t train yourselves to get up at a practical time．”He said we are not in control of choosing the best time to work because it's biological（生物钟）﹣our nature，just like we have no control over our heartbeat or how our ears do their work．Dr．Kelley added：“Anything you do to change the timing of your body means different parts of your body will not be able to work together at the same time to keep you going and this is where people get ill…．It is no fixing it by giving someone an alarm clock．”A student at the school，Gabriel Purcell﹣Davis，15，is in support of the idea．He said students are tired all day now，“…as soon as 10o'clock hits，that's when we…do all our work”．46．In what way will the school be different from other schools in Britain？A．It will have more students than any other school．B．It will ask for more money from the students．C．It will begin a school day in the afternoon．D．It will have fewer lessons in September．47．The school takes this new move to．A．let the students sleep longer in the morningB．encourage the students to have lessons at homeC．help parents spend more time with their childrenD．give the students more chance to work after school48．Mr．Holloway believes that the students can do better by．A．spending less time at schoolB．working together with parentsC．having a good rest in the morningD．going home earlier in the afternoon49．Dr．Kelley is trying to tell us that．A．we’d better follow our nature to decide when to workB．people can get ill by getting up early in the morningC．mornings are the worst time for students to have lessonsD．the alarm clock is a good invention to keep students at work50．In the end，Cabriel Purcell﹣Davis is mentioned to show that．A．this new plan is welcomed by the studentsB．most students don't like the new timetableC．students can get higher grades by getting up lateD．students are tired of going to school in the afternoon．13．（2014•莆田）What do people usually put in their living rooms？Perhaps you will think of something such as a TV，a coffee table or a sofa．But French designers Mathieu Lehanneur and Anthony van den Bossche didn’t think that was enough．They wanted to add something new in people’s living rooms．So they created a do﹣it﹣yourself ecosystem（生态系统）named“Local River”．The system lets its owner grow fish and plants inside tanks （缸）in their living rooms．In the DIY fish and gardening ecosystem，the plants on top of the tank feed on the waste of the fish below．It makes the water clean so the fish can go on living．In this way，the fish and plants in the“Local River”can keep the balanced environment，and only need a little help from the owner．The system is also called“fridge﹣aquarium（冰箱水族馆）”by some people because owners can use the fish and plants as food．That is to say，owners are able to grow fish and plants within the“Local River“before eating them．Almost any plant can grow on top of the tanks and most freshwater fish are able to live in the tanks below．The“Local River”ecosystem from Paris comes in small and large models．It is a relaxing thing to have in your home．根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案（10分）63．From the passage we know the system lets its owner grow．A．fish and plants B．fish and cropsC．plants and tortoises D．flowers and grass64．The plants of the system feed on．A．the fish B．the water C．the fish waste D．the fish food65．Why is the system called“fridge﹣aquarium”by some people？A．Because the tank can be put in the fridge．B．Because owners can grow fish and plants in it．C．Because owners can eat the fish and plants in it．D．Because owners can grow and eat the fish and plants in it．66．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A．All fish are able to live in the tanks below．B．The designer Mathieu Lehanneur comes from France．C：The“Local River“can keep the balanced environment by itself．D．In the DIY fish and gardening ecosystem，the plants grow under the tank．67．What is the best title of the passage？A．Fish and PlantsB．Fridge﹣aquariumC．Balanced EnvironmentD．“Local River”Ecosystem．14．（2014•福州）Smartphone，poor sightLook around and you’ll see people busy on their smartphones．Smartphones do make our lives easier．But have you ever thought about what they mean to you eyes？According to a study，half of British people own smartphones and they spend an average of two hours a day using them．There has been a 35% increase in the number of people in the UK who suffer from shortsightedness since smartphones were introduced there in 1997．Staring at smartphones for long time gives you dry eyes．When looking at something in the distance，your eyes automatically blink a certain number of times．However，when you look at things closer to your face，the blinking slows down．This reduces the amount of tears and causes discomfort in your eyes．Another bad habit is using smartphones in dark rooms before going to sleep．If you look at a bright screen while your pupils become larger，too much light enters your eyes．This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma．While you’re probably not going to stop using to your smartphone，there are a few things you can do to protect your eyes．Hold your phone at least 30continues away from your eyes when using it．Take a break every hour and try the following：look at something at least five meters from you and then focus on the tip of your nose．Repeat this several times．It should reduce the discomfort in your eyes．66．The article is mainly about．A．the rules to obey when using smartphonesB．the harm that smartphones do to users’s eyes．C．the reason why teenager get shortsightednessD．advantages and disadvantages of smartphones67．From Paragraph 2，we learn that．。