届高三语法专项复习：谓语动词的时态语态

高考英语谓语动词的时态、被动语态和主谓一致考点1 谓语动词的时态一、谓语动词时态的种类1.一般现在时(1)一般现在时的构成1)一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:2)be的变化:am,is,are。

3)have的变化:has,have。

(2)一般现在时的用法2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时的构成1)一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:2)was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他情况。

3)注意以元音字母加y结尾的动词:规则变化是直接加-ed,如play→played;不规则变化是把y 改为id,如:pay→paid,say→said。

(2)一般过去时的用法3.一般将来时(1)一般将来时的构成(2)一般将来时的用法4.现在进行时(1)现在进行时的构成：is/am/are+现在分词(2)现在进行时的用法5.过去进行时(1)过去进行时的构成：was/were+现在分词(2)过去进行时的用法6.现在完成时(1)现在完成时的构成：has/have+过去分词(2)现在完成时的用法注意(1)瞬间动词若用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变化。

如:他参军3年了。

(×)He has joined the army for 3 years.(√)He has been in the army for 3 years.(换动词)(√)He joined the army 3 years ago.(换时态)(√)It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army.(换句型)(2)部分瞬间动词(词组)与延续性动词(词组)对应表7.过去将来时(1)过去将来时的构成(2)过去将来时的用法8.将来进行时(1)将来进行时的构成：will/shall be doing(2)将来进行时的用法9.过去完成时(1)过去完成时的构成：had+过去分词(2)过去完成时的用法10.现在完成进行时(1)现在完成进行时的构成：have/has been doing(2)现在完成进行时的用法二、谓语动词时态的呼应1.主将从现2.含宾语从句的句子的时态一致问题(1)宾语从句中的动词时态常受主句谓语动词时态的制约,如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句中的谓语动词可以不受影响。

谓语动词总述:谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态: 英语的时态有十六种,12种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:主动语态在主动语态中,英语中常见的有十二个时态一.一般现在时:1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示2.用法:①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作a. It is fine today.b. I am a student.c. I get up at six every day.d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.②.表示客观事实或普遍真理a. Japan is to the east of China.b. The sun rises in the east.c. A horse is a useful animal.③.表示确定会发生的动作(如：己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等a. My train leaves at 6:30.b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.c. I will be away when he arrives.d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.b. There goes the bell.二.现在进行时:1.构成: am / is / are doing2.用法:①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作a. I am writing a letter.b. My mother is making a dress these few days.②.表示即将发生的动作(如：在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.b. John is coming here next week.③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作a. The little boy is always asking questions.b. You are always saying that sort of thing.④不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等三.现在完成时:1.构成: have / has done2.用法:①.表示动作在说话之前己经完成, 而后果或影响至今仍存在a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语a. I have studied English since 1987.b. He has lived here for two years.c. He has been ill for ten days.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用a. She has already come.b. I have met him before.c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?e. I have seen him this morning.四.现在完成进行时:1.构成: have / has been doing2.特征: 现在完成进行时兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特点①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)3.用法:①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止a. I have been reading the book all the morning.b. He has been staying here for two hours.c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.②.表示现在之前的一段时间里一再重复的动作a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信(强调结果)b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信(强调“一直在写”)c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调“读过”这一结果)d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书(强调“一直在读”)五.一般过去时:1.构成: 用动词的过去式表示2.用法:①.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况, 其中包括习惯性动作a. I met him yesterday.b. I used to go to school early every morning.c. He entered the classroom, sat down at his desk and began to work.d. Last night, I listened to the radio for two hours and went to bed at midnight.②.在时间, 条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时a. Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.③.用一般过去时的句子一般有过去的时间状语, 有时也用地点状语暗示动作的发生是在过去a. Have you seen a pen ? I left it here this morning.六.过去进行时:1.构成: was / were doing2.用法:①.表示过去某一时刻正在进行或一段时间内一直在进行的动作或情况a. This time yesterday we were having an important meeting.b. A year ago we were living in Shanghai.②.过去进行时常与always, continually, frequently等词连用, 表示过去经常发生或反复发生的情况a. The old man was always losing his way.b. The two brothers were frequently quarrelling.③.表示过去将要发生的动作, 这一用法仅限于一些表示位置转移的动词, 如: go, come, start, stay, leave等④.过去进行时经常与一般过去时配合使用, 过去进行时表示过去的时间背景a. The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.七.过去完成时:1.构成: had done2.用法:①.表示过去某时间或动作以前己经完成的动作或己存在的状态, 即“过去的过去”a. When all his money had gone, Marx had to leave his house in London.b. Marx had learned some English before he got to England.c. He said he had never been to Shanghai.d. By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.②.在带有after / before引导的时间状语的句子中, 由于after / before本身的词义己经表明了时间的先后, 所以这类句子中常用一般过去时代替过去完成时a. We left the house before it began to rain.b. I didn’t wait long before he came.c. After we finished the tea, we all sat on the grass.d. After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.八.过去完成进行时:1.构成: had been doing2.用法: 表示一直持续进行到过去某一时刻的动作, 该动作可能刚刚结束, 也可能还在进行a. I had been waiting for two hours before the manager came down to see me.b. By the end of 1998 he had been learning English for five years.九.一般将来时: 一般将来时有以下几种表现形式1.shall / will do (shall用于第一人称), 此结构表示单纯的将来, 不涉及主语的主观意愿a. I shall be twenty years old next year.b. You will meet him at the station this afternoon.c. The train will arrive soon.2.be going to do sth, 此结构表示打算最近或将来要做某事, 或说话人根据己有迹象认为非常可能即将发生的事a. I am going to meet Tom at the station at six.b. He is going to stay here for a week.c. Look at these black clouds --- it is going to rain.d. I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.3.be +动词不定式, 此结构表示职责, 义务, 意图, 约定, 可能性等a. You are to be back by 10 o’clock.b. There is to be a sports meet next week.c. We are to meet at the school gate.4.be about to do sth, 此结构表示“立刻, 马上”要做某事或发生某情况a. We are about to leave.b. Autumn harvest is about to start.十.将来进行时:1.构成: shall / will be doing2.用法:①.表示将来某时间点或时间段内将在进行的动作a. This time tomorrow we will be talking with the boss about this matter.b. I will be studying in this university for the next four years.②.表示说话人感到某事即将发生或预计要发生某事a. I will be seeing him next month.b. We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.c. He will be arriving at six tomorrow morning.十一.将来完成时:1.构成: shall / will have done2.用法: 表示在将来的某一时刻之前将要完成的动作, 这一动作也可能继续进行a. By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have arrived in Shanghai if the train keeps good line.b. Before noon we will have completed this work.十二.过去将来时:1.构成:①.should / would doa. He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.b. He told me that I should succeed.②.was / were going to doa. They were going to have a meeting.b. The students were going to plant some trees around the playground.③.was / were (about) to doa. We were to finish the work in three days.b. I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.2.用法: 过去将来时表示相对过去某一时刻来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态, 以上各形式的具体用法与一般将来时各形式的用法相似被动语态一.被动语态的构成: 见“总述”部分特别说明: 将来进行时和各种完成进行时态没有被动语态形式带有情态动词的被动语态的构成: 情态动词+ be +过去分词a. The work must be done right now.b. That prisoner may be sentenced to death.二.用法: 被动语态主要用于1.不知道谁是动作的执行者时, 用被动语态a. His bike has been stolen.b. This window was broken last night.2.没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时, 用被动语态a. China was liberated in 1949.b. I was told you were late this morning.3.强调或突出动作的承受者时, 用被动语态a. The plan has already been made.b. Yao Ming was elected MVP of the last week.三.主动句变被动句:1.主动句中的宾语转换成被动句的主语, 时态不变a. The manager gave me ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.→I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.2.带有宾语从句的主动句变被动句时, 宾语从句变成主语从句, 通常不位于句首, 句首用形式主语ita. We can learn from the text that delicious apples are big.→It can be learned from the text that delicious apples are big.3.带有双宾语的主动句变被动句时, 将直接宾语或间接宾语变成被动句的主语都可a. My brother gave me a birthday present.→I was given a birthday present. / A birthday present was given to me.4.带有复合宾语(即宾语+宾补) 的主动句变被动句时, 宾补的形式一般不变, 只是名称变成了主补, 但当宾补是不带to的不定式时, 要变成带to的不定式a. I saw him play near the river. He was seen to play near the river.5.含有短语动词的主动句变成被动句时, 不要遗漏短语动词中的介词或副词a. The children must be taken good care of. / Good care must be taken of the children.四.应注意的问题:1.“be+过去分词”不一定是被动语态, 也可能是系表结构a. The children were excited at the news.b. We are interested in the English novel.c. The mother was worried about her son’s absence.2.有些动词形式上用主动语态时含有被动意思a. This book sells well.这本书很畅销b. This kind of cloth washed very well.这种布很耐洗c. This pen writes quite smoothly.这支笔很好使d. This dish tastes good.这道菜味道不错e. This kind of cloth feels smooth and soft.这料子摸起光滑柔软3.不是所有的及物动词都有被动语态, 某些表示状态或关系的动词或短语动词只有主动语态, 而无相对应的被动语态. 常见的这类动词有: cost花费, fit适合, have有, hold容纳, lack缺乏, own拥有, suit适合, fail失败, belong to属于, agree with同意。

2023年高考英语考前必练谓语动词的时态语态（含近三年真题及解析）一、动词的时态特殊用法1.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

如：We’ll have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下个星期日天气晴朗，我们将去野餐。

I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就给你打电话。

2.某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语)。

这类动词有：begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, end, stop, open, close等。

如：The meeting begins at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow.这个会议明天下午2点开始。

The next train leaves at 7 o’clock this evening.下一列火车将在今晚7点离开。

3.现在进行时与always, continually, forever等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。

如：The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.这个有钱的夫人总是嘲笑穷人。

4.现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for, since等引导的时间状语连用。

如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。

常见的变化有：特殊用法1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。

如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。

高考语法专题一：谓语动词的时态和语态一、时态的具体用法：(1) 一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。

① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。

如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They oftendiscuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。

如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster thansound.(光传播比声音快)③在条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。

如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)④人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember,forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)(2)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态。

一、时态的数轴的思维导图have been de nghave done动词的时态和语态will do had donewill have done Past pastis doingpresentwill be doing future would have d ( ne考点一、现在时一、一般现在时1.含义1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。

I leave home fbr school at 7 every morning.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the cast of China.3)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.4) not....until....as...hen, before, after, not....until....等)、条件状语从句(if, unless, as long as...)中常用一般现在时表示将来Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.As long as it doesn't rain tomorrow ,we will have a trip on schedule.2.常用的时间状语频率副词：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, hardly, never2)短语：every (day 等)，once/twice a (week 等)，on (Sunday 等)，in the (morning 等)，at (eight) , now and then, from time to timeHe usually goes to school by bike.3.谓语切词形式：do/does.谓语动词的被动语态：am/is/are doneIn the spoken English of some areas in the U.S, the " r" sounds at the end of the words arc dropped.练习：用所给单词的适当形式填空How close parents are to their children(have) a strong influence on the development of the children's characters.1.If your call is not answered within two minutes, you(advise) to hang up and dial again.2.We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours(work) miracle.3.It(turn) out that making a plan is easier than carrying it out.4.The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, (allow) more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.二、现在进行时.定义1）表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为；2）表示现阶段（近段时间）正在进行的动作。

谓语动词的时态
1.一般现在时：谓语动词=do/does（动词原形或第三人称单数）使用条件：表示发生在现在的事，可以表示现在的状态，也可以表示现在经常性、习惯性发生的事。

2.一般过去时：谓语动词=did（动词的过去式）使用条件：发生在过去某个时间的事（通常表示完全发生在过去的事，即现在已经不再那样）
3.一般将来时：谓语动词=will do 或am/is/are going to +do
使用条件：表示将来某个时间会做的事
4.一般过去将来时：谓语动词=would+do 或was/were going to+do
使用条件：表示站在过去展望未来，即发生在过去的将来。

5.现在进行时：谓语动词=am/is/are +doing
使用条件：表示现在正在做的事情
6.过去进行时：谓语动词=was/were+doing
使用条件：过去某个时刻正在做的事
7.现在完成时：谓语动词=have/has+done
使用条件：站在现在的时间点看之前发生的一件事完成的结果。

强调“现在的之前”
8.过去完成时：谓语动词=had+done
使用条件：站在过去的时间点回头看之前发生的一件事情完成的结果。