2009年西南财经大学考博英语真题

2009年考研英语真题原文及答案完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning - a gradual 7 - instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That's the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I've ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads."The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of "The Open Mind" and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. "But we are taught instead to 'decide,' just as our president calls himself 'the Decider.' " She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off allpossibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities."All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. "This breaks the major rule in the American belief system - that anyone can do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book "This Year I Will..." and Ms. Markova's business partner. "That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23." ruts"(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova's comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom - or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore - and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK's ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one's birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It's problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity's productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "So much important attached to intellectual pursuits " According to many books and articles, New England's leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literarycompositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality.A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: "come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people." One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane's, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . "Our main end was to catch fish. "36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture-known as functionalism-became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people's social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children's entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of humanassociation under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 答案Section I Use of English1-5 BADBC 6-10 ADCBD11-15 DBCDA 16-20 CBAACSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21-25 ABCAA 26-30 ACDAB31-35 DBBAC 36-40 BBDACPart B41-45 CEABGPart C46. 可以说，任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是它原来的动机的一部分。

西南财经大学考博英语真题2010答案解析PartⅠV ocabulary1.A 译文：英国和法国即将举行会议商讨欧洲经济问题。

解析：固定搭配，hold a conference 举行会议，磋商。

2.C 译文：在电话中听到了儿子的声音时，她所有的恐惧和担忧便消失了。

解析：retire退休，离开；relay转播，接替；dissipate驱散，消散；tighten紧绷。

3.A 译文：新生训练营给即将来的学生提供了了解他们的新环境和新地方的机会。

解析：固定搭配，freshman orientation 入学教育，新生训练营。

Acquaintance熟人；directory目录；dictation命令，口述。

4.C 译文：每周都会有一次会议，会议鼓励工人将他们的不满报告给经理。

解析：annoyance烦恼，生气；disadvantage缺点，不利条件；grievance不满，不平，委屈；criticism批评，苛求。

5.D 译文：老师对这个学生在处理电脑时的才能感到惊讶。

解析：verse诗篇；version版本；variability变化性；versatility对才多艺，才能多。

6.D 译文：她的信写得很潦草，字迹又不清楚，几乎难以辨认。

解析：unintelligible莫名其妙的，无法了解的；vague含糊的，模糊的；ambiguous模棱两可的；illegible难辨认的，难读的。

7.A 译文：当第二天早上我走进餐厅时，发现前一天晚上的剩菜还放在桌上。

解析：虽然四个词都有“剩余，遗留下的”意思，但只有A ―remains ―可以表示“剩饭，剩菜”的意思。

8.A 译文：我们应该订阅那本新杂志。

解析：固定搭配，get a subscription to 订购，订阅。

prescription药方，处方；inscription 刻印；conscription征用，征兵。

9.C 译文：我希望改变我的研究生学习的专业，因为我了解到清华的计算机专业的竞争的激烈性。

2009年考研英语真题1. IntroductionThe 2009 Graduate Entrance Examination for English (考研英语) is an important examination that tests the English proficiency of students applying for graduate programs in China. This article aims to provide an overview and analysis of the 2009 exam.2. Exam StructureThe 2009 exam consisted of three sections: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and translation. Each section tested different skills and knowledge of the English language.2.1 Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section tested the ability of the candidates to understand spoken English. It consisted of multiple-choice questions based on short conversations and long passages. The questions ranged from understanding specific details to overall comprehension of the audio material.2.2 Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section tested the candidates’ ability to read and understand written English. It consisted of multiple-choice questions based on short passages and longer texts. The questions assessed the candidat es’ understanding of the main ideas, supporting details, and vocabulary usage.2.3 TranslationThe translation section tested the candidates’ ability to translate English sentences into Chinese. It required a good understanding of both English and Chinese language structures and proper usage of vocabulary.3. Analysis of the Exam3.1 Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section in the 2009 exam was challenging, with a variety of question types and difficulty levels. The short conversations tested the candidates’ ability to understand everyday spoken English, while the longer passages required more in-depth comprehension. Timing was crucial, as candidates had limited time to listen and answer the questions.3.2 Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section featured a mix of short passages and longer texts on various topics, such as science, history, and literature. The questions were designed to assess the candidates’ ability to comprehend the main ideas, draw logical inferences, and understand vocabulary in context. Some questions required close reading and analysis, making this section quite demanding.3.3 TranslationThe translation section tested the candidates’ language proficiency and translation skills. They were required to accurately translate English sentences into Chinese, taking into account the context and meaning of the original text. This section required a good understanding of both languages and the ability to convey concepts accurately.4. Preparation TipsHere are some tips for candidates preparing for the 2009 English exam:4.1 Listening Comprehension•Practice listening to various audio materials (such as podcasts or news broadcasts) to improve your listening skills.•Familiarize yourself with different English accents to ensure you can understand them during the exam.•Take mock listening exams to simulate the actual test conditions and improve your speed and accuracy.4.2 Reading Comprehension•Read a variety of English texts, including articles, essays, and academic papers, to expand your vocabulary and improve readingcomprehension.•Practice summarizing and analyzing the main ideas and supporting details of the texts you read.•Take timed reading comprehension tests to improve your speed and efficiency.4.3 Translation•Enhance your language skills by practicing translation exercises regularly.•Read and analyze translated texts to understand different translation techniques and strategies.•Familiarize yourself with specific vocabulary and expressions commonly used in the translation section of the exam.5. ConclusionThe 2009 Graduate Entrance Examination for English was a comprehensive test of English proficiency. Candidates needed a strong foundation in listening, reading, and translation skills to perform well. By understanding the exam structure and following the preparation tips provided, candidates could improve their chances of success in the exam.。

2009年考研英语真题（word版）【2】All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of i t creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore –and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York Universitysociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a f ather’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]l ocate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testing。

2007年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Vocabulary(15points,0.5point each)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A.B.C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single pencilline through the center.1.A number of______clients have expressed their interest in our business.A.possibleB.potentialC.originalD.relevant【答案】B【解析】potential潜在的。

possible可能的，可以接受的。

original最初的，原始的。

relevant有关系的。

2.I’m pleased to hear of your job offer—all that hard work at school has obviously______.A.paid offB.taken its tollC.made a differenceD.shown up【答案】A【解析】pay off回报，成功。

take its toll造成损失。

make a difference有很大不同。

showup露面。

3.Based on the______that every business is now free to formulate its own strategy in light of the changing market.I would predict a marked improvement in the efficiency of China’s economy.A.guidanceB.instructionC.premiseD.quantity【答案】C【解析】on the premise that在…的前提下。

四川农业大学2009年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题科目名称：1080英语(总分：100分)适用专业：各专业考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！阅读理解部分务必做在机读卡上，并以“9”+准考证号第8-17位数字填写机读卡准考证号。

Part I: Reading comprehension(60 points)Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.As the English language has changed at a fast speed in this century, so has the use of the English language.After the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was founded in 1927, the particular style of speech of the BBC announcers was recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English. Now, most people still consider that the pronunciation and delivery of BBC announcers is the clearest and most understandable spoken English.English has had a strong association with class and social status. However, since the Second World War there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery, and hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.As the need has arisen, new words have been invented or found from other languages and incorporated into English. Similarly, old words and expressions have been discarded as their usefulness has diminished or the fashions have passed. This also happens to styles and modes of speech which became fashionable at a particular time and in specific circumstances.By the end of the 1960s it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class but rather a defiant expression of class lessness.The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American English. Over the last 25 years the English used by many people, particularly by those in the media, advertising and show business, has become more and more mid-Atlantic in style, delivery and accent.In the 1970s, fashion favoured stressless pronunciation and a language full of jargon, slang and “in”words, much of it quite incomprehensible to the outside world. What is considered modern and fashionable in Britain today is often not the kind of English taught in schools and colleges.1. Which one of the following is NOT true?A. The use of the English language has not changed much in this century.B. The BBS announcers speak Standard English.C. English has no association with class and social status now.D. Young people all speak English in the same way.2. What does the author imply by saying “there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery” (Para. 3)?A. People all speak English like BBC announcers.B. There is a great change of attitude about how English should be spoken.C. Some people still think their way of speaking is inferior.D. Most people don’t believe their way of speaking is inferior.3. According to the author, there was a trend in the U. S. for the young people _________.A.to speak Standard English.B.to speak English without class distinctionC.to speak English with class distinctionD.to speak English with grammar mistakes4. The word “mid-Atlantic” in the passage (Para. 6) probably means _________.A.American and EuropeanB.American and BritishC.the Atlantic OceanD.in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean5. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.A.Standard English is taught in school and collegesB.the young people are defiant because they refuse to speak standard EnglishC.English language is influenced by American English in the last 25 yearsD.there has been a great change in the English language in this centuryPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Days after days my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization together – honesty, kindness, and so on – accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law –and, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far lesseffective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communities – smaller towns, usually – where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain thing are not tolerated – they simply are not done!”Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has gone. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provied a stable home.I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.6. What the wise man said suggests that _______.A.it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB.it’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC.it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evilD.it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil7. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, _________.A.society is to be held responsibleB.modern civilization is responsible for itC.the criminal himself should bear the blameD.the standards of living should be improved8. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ________.A.less self-disciplineB.better sense of disciplineC.more mutual respectD.less effective government9. The writer is sorry to have noticed that ___________.A.people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB.people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC.today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD.people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities.10. The key point of the passage is that _________.A.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB.more good examples should be set for people to followC.more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behaviorD.more people should accept the value of accountabilityPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather – balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short – range forecasts, or “Nowcasts,”was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.11. The word “exceeded” in paragraph I most probably means ____________.A. added up toB. were more thanC. were aboutD. were less than12. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere fails to predict such a short – lived tornado because______________.A. the computer is not used to forecast specific local eventsB. the computers are not advanced enough to predict itC. the weather data people collect are often wrongD. weather conditions in some small regions are not available13. According to the passage, the word “Nowcast” (paragraph 3) means _______________.A. a way of collecting raw weather dataB. a forecast which can predict the weather conditions in the small area in an accurate wayC. a network to collect instant weather dataD. a more advanced system of weather observation14. According to the passage, ___________ is the key factor to making “Nowcasts” a reality.A. scientific and technological advances such as radar, or satellitesB. computer scientistC. meteorologistsD. advanced computer programs15. According to the author, the passage mainly deals with ________________.A. a tornado in Edmonton, AlbertaB. what’s a “Nowcast”C. the disadvantage of conventional computer models of the weather forecastD. a breakthrough in weather forecastPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Bringing up children is a hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long –term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood. Ms. Harris takes to hitting the assumption, which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.Ms. Harris’s attack on the developmentalists’“nature” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer (同龄人) group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard – working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Harris argues, be keen to appear like their peers. But even in those early years, parents have the power to opendoors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that people’s child bearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.16. According to Ms. Harris, ___________________.A. parents are to blame for any bad behavior of their childrenB. parents will affect greatly the children’s life in the long runC. nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on children’s personality developmentD. children’s personality is shaped by their friends and neighbors17. Which of the following views is consistent with what the developmentalists hold?A. Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.B. Twins are quite different if they are reared in two separate families.C. Identical twins reared in the same home are different in personality.D. Nurture has a less significant effect on children’s personality development.18. According to Para.3, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. It is harder to track the precise effects of parental upbringing than the exact influence of the peergroup in children.B. Immigrant children tend to discard the way their parents speak quickly when they go to school.C. It has been proved that peers have more impact on children’s qualities such as to be honest or hard –working or generous.D. It is easier for children to acquire a language at school than at home.19. The word “ditched” (Line 1, Para. 4 ) could be best replaced by __________.A. provedB. emphasizedC. comparedD. ignored20. What is the author’s main purpose?A. To highly praise Ms. Harris’s work.B. To counter Ms. Harris’s work.C. To objectively report on Ms. Harris’s work.D. To critically comment on Ms. Harris’s work.Passage FiveQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Much of Canada’s forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. According to Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the world’s wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists andenvironmentalists: a plant called hemp.Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fibre which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world –wide trading network would not have been feasible without hemp. Nowadays, ships’ cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibers, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp hold be revived for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large – scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada’s forests.However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fibre, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fibre –producing hemp plant. In fact, marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug).In recent years, a movement for legalization have been gathering strength. It is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fibre; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fibre foe paper and pulp production.21. Why is pulp and paper production important to Canada?A. Canada needs to find a way to use all its spare wood.B. Canada publishes a lot of newspapers and books.C. Pulp and paper export is a major source of income for Canada.D. Hemp is a traditional plant of Canada.22. Why was the plant hemp essential to world – wide trade in the past?A. Ship’s ropes were made from it.B. Hemp was a very profitable export.C. Hemp was used as fuel for ships.D. Hemp was used as food for sailors.23. Why do agriculturalists think that hemp would be better for paper production than trees?A. It is cheaper to grow hemp than to cut down trees.B. More paper can be produced from the same area of land.C. Hemp produces higher quality paper.D. It causes less pollution of the environment.24. Why was hemp banned?A. It is related to the marijuana plant.B. It can be used to produce marijuana.C. It was no longer a useful crop.D. It was destructive to the land.25. “According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp ratherthan trees.”– What does “proponents” mean?A. People who are against something.B. People who support something.C. People in charge of something.D. People who do research on something.Passage SixQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.I made a pledge to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts.The idea had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was quoting a Biblical (圣经的) passage about husbands being thoughtful of heir wives. Then he went on to say, “Love is an act of will. A person can choose to love.” To myself, I had to admit that I had been a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would change.And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, “That new yellow sweater looks great on you.”“Oh, Tom, you noticed,” she said, surprised and pleased. Maybe a little puzzled.After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, “Evelyn’s been alone here with the kids all week and now she wants to be alone with me.” We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites.So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street firm where I am a director; a visit to the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that’s how the whole vacation passed. I made a new pledge to keep on remembering to choose love.There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I still laugh about it today. On the last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me with the saddest expression.“What’s the matter?” I asked her.“Tom,” she said in a voice filled with distress, “do you know something I don’t?”“What do you mean?”“Well… that checkup (体检) I had several weeks ago … our doctor… did he tell you something about me? Tom, you’ve been so good to me… am I dying?”It took a moment for it all to sink in. then I burst out laughing.“No, honey,” I said, wrapping her in my arms. “You’re not dying; I’m just starting to live.”26. In the first paragraph, “No ifs, ands or buts” probably means “_________”.A. unintentionallyB. inevitablyC. impressivelyD. unconditionally27. From the story we may infer that Tom drove to the beach cottage ________.A. with his familyB. with EvelynC. aloneD. with his children28. During the two weeks on the beach, Tom showed more love to his wife because ____________.A. she looked lovely in her new clothesB. he had made a lot of money in his Wall Street firmC. he was determined to be a good husbandD. she was seriously ill29. The author says, “There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment.” What was the one thingthat went wrong?A. He praised her sweater, which puzzled her.B. She insisted on visiting a museum, which he hated.C. He knew something about her illness but didn’t tell her.D. He was so good to her that she thought she must be dying.30. By saying “I’m just starting to live,” Tom means that ____________.A. he is just beginning to understand the real meaning of lifeB. he is just beginning to enjoy life as a loving husbandC. he lived an unhappy life before and is now starting to changeD. he is beginning to feel regret for what he did to his wife beforePassage SevenQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.“Welcome to the U.S.A. ! Major credit cards are accepted!”By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. “We don’t have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York City’s South Street. “We just use our credit cards.”The US has long been one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First, there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the US dollar against major currencies. Now the US, still the world’s superpower, can also claim to be the world’s bargain basement (廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $ 79 billion in 1994. That’s up from $ 74 billion the year before.True, not everyone comes just for bargains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series. But shopping the USA is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge (无节制) has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.The US has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the puring in of foreigntourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $ 130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the US needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the US stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $ 1624 a traveler versus the Americans’ four nights and $ 298.31. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her .A. are reluctant to carry cash with them.B. simply don’t care how much they spend.C. are not good at planning their expenditure.D. often spend more money than they can afford.32. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that .A. it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the USB. it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the US.C. tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the US dollar that year.D. tourists came to the US for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year.33. By saying “Nobody undersells America” (Underlined), the author means that .A. no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American products.B. Nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commodities.C. nobdy restrains the selling of American goods.D. no other country sells at a lower price than America.34. Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?A. Because they have gained much publicity through the American media.B. Because they represent the world’s latest fashions.C. Because they embody the most sophisticated technology.D. Because they are available at all tourist destinations.35. From the passage we can conclude that the US has come to realize .A. the weakening of the US dollar can result in trade deficits.B. the lower the retail prices, the greater in profits.C. tourism can make great contributions to its economy.D. visitors to the US are wealthier than US tourists abroad.Passage EightQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970’s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling in adaptive rehabilitation.A few tieal efforts, such as ghirardelli square in San Francisco,proved their financial viability in 1960s, but it was in the 1970’s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation. As well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the constuction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.Butler Square, in Minnespois, exemplifies major changes in its comples of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the’building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.San Antonio,Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River,which menders through the business district. 36．What is the main idea of the passage?A. During the 1970’s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use.B. Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers.C. The San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight urban decay.D. Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.37. What is the space at Quincy Market now used for?A. Boston’s new city hall.B. Sports and recreational facilities.C. Commercial and industrial warehouses.D. Restaurant, offices, and stores.38. According to the passage, Benjamin Thomson was the designer for a projectA. San FranciscoB. Boston.C. Minneapois.D. San Antonio.39. When was the Butler Square building originally built?A. In the eighteenth century.B. In the early nineteenth century.C. In the late nineteenth century.D. In the early twentieth century.40. What is the author’s opinion of the San Antonio project?A. It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.B. It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.C. The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.D. The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.Part II: Translate the following sentences into Chinese(20 points).1. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of。

C.To monitor the passing of surface vessels.D.To detect submerged submarines.48. Animals that live near the bottom of the sea are most likely to be carnivorous because .A.they have developed sharp teeth and strong jaws with which to kill their prey.B.plants that grow far below the surface are not edible.C.animals cannot make their own food, so they eat each other.D.most surface vegetation is eaten before it sinks to the bottom of the sea.49. Which of the following statements about the state of oceanographic research does the textmost clearly support?A.Undersea research is still incomplete.B.Technology used in undersea studies is still in a very primitive stage of development.C.More undersea research is conducted near shore than in mid ocean.itary researchers have made several momentous discoveries about undersea life.50. The author’s main purpose in the text is to .A.show that the United States coast was threatened by the enemy in World WarⅡ.B.explain some of the complexities of deep-sea life.C.illustrate the main problems faced by undersea researchers.D.gain public support for oceanographic expeditions.Part 3 Close (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each number bland and mark A, B, C, or D on the Answer SheetAlthough women are as competent as men in managing people and organization, they still do not attain the highest positions in corporations. Their 51 seems to be 52 by an invisible barrier. At some point, they 53 what’s called “the glass ceiling.”Failure to attain the topmost jobs in some cases is 54 lack of experience or 55 education. Because gender 56 has kept women out of management until recent years, they have not had time to 57 the years of experience that are 58 of most high-ranking executives. Also in earlier years, women were 59 from entering graduate schools of engineering, science, business, and law which have been 60 to corporate management. Even as those barriers have been lowered, though, women remain 61 at executive levels. As a group, they have not yet 62 the glass ceiling to become chief executive officers or board chairpersons. Something continues to hold them back.In one authoritative study, women executive 63 three kinds of pressure that complicated their professional advancements: the day-to-day, year-in-year-out demands and the hectic(忙乱的) 64 of executive work; their 65 role as “first woman executive”and the special need to prove themselves to others; and the strain of meeting family 66 . In other words, these women managers faced all of the normal demands of executive work that men experience plus two additional requirements 67 to their customary roles in society. Having proven managerial talent was not enough. Psychologically, they had to prove themselves the equal of men. Socially, they found themselves carrying a 68 share of family responsibilities. These psychological and social 69 can hold back the most skill and dedicated manager, even in companies where gender prejudice is 70 a minimum.51.A. access B. ascent C.lubricated D. restrained52.A. blocked B. prohibited C. lubricated D. restrained53.A. collide B. knock down C. coincide D. bump into54.A. on account of B. thanks to C. accounting for D. due to55.A. intact B. inadequate C. incapable D. undesirable56.A. disposition B. differentiation C. displacement D. bias57.A. elevate B. acquire C. disperse D.overestimate58.A. typical B. peculiar C. exemplary D.indispensable59.A. avoided B. discouraged C. deprived D. restricted60.A. pathway B. means C. tracks D. trails61.A. underrated B. underpopulated C. underprivileged D.enderrepsented62.A. broken through B. discouraged C. deprived D. restricted63.A. recognized B. verified C. discerned D. identified64.A. rate B. pace C. velocity D. step65.A. pioneering B. prevailing C. preliminary D. challenges66.A. shores B. obligations C. responsibility D.challenges67.A. indifferent B. noticeable C. traceable D.distinguishable68.A. disproportionate B. irregular C. inappropriate D. indecent69.A. breaks B. spurs C. frustrations D.malfunctions70.A. in B. at C. with D. onPart 4 English-Chinese Translation (15)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. What hopes and fears does the scientific method imply for mankind? I do not think that。

2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening Comprehension （30 ％）Section A1. D 女士的话Finally(终于通过了）说明John用了很长时间才通过这门考试。

2。

B 男士听到乘出租只要两小时后说“I'm up for that”，意思是我愿意这样做，即乐意乘出租车。

up for sth。

意思是愿意做某件事。

3。

C 由女士的话12135551212可知选C。

4。

C 由女士的话She came to see me this morning complaining a pain in her right leg可知病人的抱怨是右腿疼.5。

B 女士说：我要离开一周,我希望你能接着处理这里的事务,男士说You have nothing to worry about(你什么都不用担心），可知女士在给男士交待任务，应该是老板和秘书的关系.6. C 男士先说I feel ashamed to ask him for help（我不好意思找他帮忙），女士安慰说他是你的哥哥，然后男士说I'll call him tonight(我今晚给他电话),可知男士今天可能会找他哥哥帮忙.7。

B 由男士的话Now I am going retake your left leg and see how far you can raise it Keep the knee straight。

Does that hurt at an可知男士在给女士做检查。

8. D 女士说I have just made plans to play tennis,男士说Oh,that’s too bad. Maybe some other time，可知女士还要继续按自己的计划去打台球。

9. A 男士说She's been here as long as I have可知Louise并不是新来的护士.10。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The apartment was______at $20,000 and its owner was happy about that. (2009年北京航空航天大学考博试题)A．assaultedB．assessedC．assertedD．avenged正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是：assaulted攻击，突袭；assessed评价，估值；asserted断言，宣称；avenged报仇，复仇。

根据句子意思可知，正确答案是B 选项。

如：The lawyers assessed the property at $35,000(律师们估计这笔财产价值35000美元。

)2．It is too early to ______ the effect of the new measure.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A．administerB．assessC．elevateD．contribute正确答案：B解析：本题意为“评价新措施的影响为时尚早”。

B项的“assess评价，评估”符合题意，如：Damages were assessed at 1,000RMB．(损失估计达1 000元人民币。

)其他三项“administer管理，支配，执行；elevate抬起，使升高；contribute捐献，投稿”都不正确。

3．The nurse ______ the doctor in the operation room.(2003年西南财经大学考博试题)A．insistedB．resistedC．assistedD．persisted正确答案：C解析：本题是说护士在手术室帮助医生。

C项的assisted(帮助)符合题意。

其他三项“insisted坚持；resisted反抗：persisted坚持”都不正确。

2006年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Vocabulary(15points,0.5point each)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single pencilline through the center.1.“Have you any______plans for your future now that you’ve completed your graduate studies?”A.decisiveB.exactC.preciseD.definite【答案】D【解析】句意：既然已经完成了你的本科学习，你对自己的将来有没有确切的计划？definite明确的，确切的。

decisive决定性的。

exact精确的，精密的。

precise精确的，准确的。

2.By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles,we can______the surroundings.A.exploreB.exposeC.exploitD.expand【答案】A【解析】句意：通过圆周缓慢移动雷达束，我们能够探测周围的环境。

explore探测，探究。

expose揭露，暴露。

exploit开采，剥削。

expand使膨胀，扩张。

3.I am confident that I’ll prove to be a tremendous______to your company.A.possessionB.assetC.propertyD.assumption【答案】B【解析】句意：我很有信心会成为贵公司的骨干。