单元综合测试2
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统编版五年级上册语文第二单元综合测试卷(含答案)五年级上册语文第二单元综合测试卷考试时间:90分钟满分:100分一、读语段,根据拼音写词语。
(7分)2022年7月24日,中国空间站首个实验舱问天实验舱dāch éng( )长征五号B遥三运载huǒjiàn( ),在海南文昌航天发射场发射升空,píng wěn( )进入预定轨道,任务取得圆满成功。
有关部门lǐng dǎo( ) chēng zàn( ),中国航天事业再攀高峰离不开科技工作者们tōng xīn xiélì( )、攻坚克难的拼搏精神。
二、按查字典的要求完成练习。
(3分)“置"用部首查字法查字典,应先查部首_____________,再查画,第八笔是_________________。
“置”在字典里的解释如下。
给下列加点字选择正确的解释。
(填序号)置zhì①放,搁,摆。
②设立,装设。
③购买。
置身( ) 置办日用品( ) 装置电话( )三、选择正确的答案。
(填序号)(14分)1.下列加点字的读音相同的一项是( )A.强硬强逼B.间距间断C.削皮削弱D.划分划归2.下列词语搭配不恰当的一项是( )A.摆放搭石保持平衡B.抵御准备浩瀚的太空C.转移群众解决难题D.打击敌人毒辣的法子3.下列句子中加点词语运用不恰当的一项是( )A.浩瀚的宇宙中有不计其数的星球。
B.不要把别人的关心和帮助当作理所当然。
C.这块石头经历了多年的风吹雨打,依然完好无缺。
D.大丈夫要言而有信,做到“一夫当关,万夫莫开",这样才值得人信赖。
4.“这个时候,奶奶总会在一大早就挎上个竹篮。
”这句话插入下面的语段中,最合适的位置是( )①等到秋季,桐果陆续成熟。
②一夜过后,每天在菜地里都会有不少落下来的桐果。
③走到菜地里,捡拾落在地里的桐果。
④回来后,堆在门前空地上。
⑤桐果成熟的时节,奶奶基本天天能够捡拾一篮回来。
Unit 2 单元测试卷(考试时间:90分钟总分:100分)一、单项选择(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)1.—How many times ________ you ________ Mount Tai?—Never.A.have; gone B.have; gone to C.have; been D.have; been to【答案】D【详解】句意:——你去过泰山多少次?——从未去过。
考查have gone/been to区别。
have gone to去了某地;have been to去过;根据答句的“never”可知,此处表示“去过”,“Mount Tai”是名词,此处要用介词to,即用have been to,故选D。
2.We all reached the top of the mountain, ______________ Danny.A.and B.beside C.except D.or【答案】C【详解】句意:除了丹尼以外我们都到达山顶了。
考查except用法。
and并且;beside在旁边;except除……之外;or或者。
根据“We all reached the top of the mountain...Danny”可知此处表示Danny没去。
应用except“除了……以外”。
故选C。
3.—How was your trip to the zoo?—________. I even took some photos with the elephant.A.Terrible B.Anyway C.Exactly D.Fantastic【答案】D【详解】句意:——你的动物园之行怎么样?——非常棒。
我甚至和大象拍了一些照片。
考查形容词和副词辨析。
Terrible糟糕的;Anyway无论如何;Exactly确实是;Fantastic非常棒。
根据“I even took some photos with the elephant”可推断,动物园之行很不错,故选D。
第二单元综合能力测试一.根据句意和首字母提示或所给词的适当形式完成单词(15分)1.Tom is my b_________. I’m his sister.2.Tom’s mother’s mother is his g__________.3.--W______ is he? He’s my friend.4.I h_______ a good day.5.Tom and Tim ________(be) my good friends.6.Here are some of my _________(friend).7.There are some _________(照片) on the wall.8.Mrs. Wang has two ____________(女儿)。
They are Lucy and Lily.9.Lily is my cousin. Her mother is my a________.10.--H_______ is your pen. --Thanks.11.In the next bag ________ (be) a ruler and two pencils.12.These are his _________(son).13.My uncle is a painter(画家) and this is his _________(画)。
14.I take the ________(狗) for a walk.15.These are my p__________. I’m their only son.二.单项选择(20分)1.--_______ is that girl? --She is my sister,Alice.A.WhoB. WhatC. HowD. Which2.--Mike, ______ is my friend, Li Ming. --Nice to meet you, Li Ming.A.theyB. thisC. theseD. those3.This is my sister and ________ is my brother.A.sheB. thatC. theseD. those4.--My parents will take me to Shanghai Disneyland this summer holiday(暑假)。
第二单元综合测试卷(B)(时间:60分钟总分:100分)一、单项选择题(每小题2分,共50分) .1-请你判断一下,下列哪位同学的学习方法最能提高学习效率 ( )A、小张每晚都认真预习第二天的功课B.小俐平时不爱看书,但在考试前几天一定会把课本认真地看一遍c.小刘认为老师上课时讲的和参考书中的内容差不多,没必认真听D.把老师讲的每一句话都记下来,并认真记忆2.进入初中后,董杰的数学成绩越来越好,语文成绩却下降了。
妈妈问他原因,他说数学老师讲课很有意思,他很喜欢;而语文老师的上课方式他不太喜欢,上语文课的时候就不想听,慢慢地对语文也没什么兴趣了。
董杰同学对待老师教学的态度是 ( )A错误的。
因为不同老师的教学风格是各有特点的,我们不能因为自己的喜好决定学习态度B.正确的。
不喜欢的东西何必非要强迫自己去做C.错误的。
不想听的可以不听,可以自学嘛D.正确的。
学生的自主性就要体现在敢于为自己作主3.造成很多同学学习时间不够的原因主要是 ( )1A做事拖拉,制定的目标不切实,没有制定学习计划,做事太随意B科目多,实在忙不过来C.老师布置了无法完成的作业D.家务事拖累4.初中生学会自主学习的准确含义是 ( )A、完全摆脱父母的教育和帮助B.全部依靠自觉C.逐步摆脱对父母和老师的依赖,成为一个自主的学习者D.可以上课不听课,课后不做老师布置的作业了,学习全部靠自己的兴趣11.在小学进入初中的过渡阶段,以下做法中你认为不正确的是( )A、向高年级同学、老师、家长请教,吸取经验教训B.调整自己的学习方法以适应新的学习需要C.抽出一定的时间查漏补缺,还清学习中的“欠债”,为学习新知识做好准备D.小学时的学习方法使我保持优异的成绩,相信进入初中也能使我成绩优异12.孔子精通诗书礼乐,喜欢郊游打猎、驾车御马。
恩格斯爱好音乐、写诗、绘画等。
对于兴趣爱好、娱乐休闲认识正确的是( )①其实兴趣爱好可有可无,对学习谈不上什么影响②发展我们的兴趣爱好和特长,培养高雅的情趣,可以促进我们的全面发展③把学习搞好是我们中学生的第一任务,不应该发展兴趣爱好④适当的娱乐休闲不仅不会影响学习,反而可以使我们劳逸结合,提高学习效率 A、①②③ 8.③④ C.②④ D.②③④13.在2008年北京奥运会上,美国游泳队的菲尔普斯独揽八金。
班级姓名学号分数Unit 2 Travelling.(时间:100分钟,满分:100分)第一部分选择题一、单项选择(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)1. — Where is Robert?— He is ________ holiday ________ China.A. on a; toB. on; inC. in a; inD. in; to2. --Alice , would you like to go hiking with us?--What a pity! I am free every day today.A. forB. exceptC. besidesD. among3. The man ________ in 1988. He _________ for 30 years.A. died, was deadB. died, has been deadC. was dead, has diedD. was dead, has been dead4. He ________ live in Shanghai. Now he ________ the village life here.A. used to; used toB. have got used to; used toC. used to; has got used toD. was used to; has been used to5. — ________ you ever ________ to Hong Kong?— Yes, only once.A. Did; goB. Have; goneC. Do; goD. Have; been6. — Where’s your English teacher?— She ________ to Beijing. She’ll be back in a week.A. has beenB. has goneC. goesD. went7. The parade was really wonderful and I couldn’t ________ photos.A. stop takingB. to stop takingC. stop to takeD. to stop to take8. Dad bought much stationery for my cousin, ________ pens, pencils and rulers.A. look likeB. for exampleC. asD. such as9. They had a good time in the park ________ day.A. the wholeB. the allC. whole theD. whole10. — How long has the film ________?— For only ten minutes.A. been onB. begunC. startedD. been in11. —When ________ your father ________ this car?—About half a year ago.A. has; boughtB. have; boughtC. will; buyD. did; buy12. Mr. and Mrs. Liu both like shopping. They have flown to shop in Hong Kong many times since they ________.A. have been marriedB. have got marriedC. got marriedD. have married13. — Do we need to take an umbrella with us?— We’d better take one. There ________ a shower, but I’m not quite sure.A. maybeB. must beC. may beD. should have14. —What’s the best place for ________?—Sanya. Winter is the best time ________ there.A. travelling; to goB. travelling; goingC. to travel; to goD. travel; going15. —He has never been to Hong Kong before, has he?—_________. It’s the third time that he’s been there.A. Yes, he hasB. No, he hasC. Yes, he hasn’tD. No, he hasn’t二、完型填空(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)Last summer, I went to Yunnan on vacation with my family. We ____16____ four days there.Our first stop was Lugu lake. I wondered why there was so beautiful a lake in the world. I enjoyed ____17____ there. We went boating and took quite a few photos. Then we went up to a hill. On the top of the ____18____, we got to see something beautiful. I felt like I was in a painting. I thought I would ____19____ forget the beautiful scenery (风景) there.The next morning we went to Lijiang by bus. It was a long ____20____ from Lugu lake to Lijiang. We ___21___ in the afternoon. After a short break (休息), we went to walk around the town and bought some gifts. Then we decided to try the famous (著名的) Guoqiao Rice Noodles for dinner. They were very ____22____ and delicious. After dinner, we took a walk and enjoyed the old streets and buildings ____23____ the moon. Thesummer evening was cool.Our third ____24____ was the “spring city” Kunming. We visited Dianchi, watched the birds and went to the flower market. We had a really wonderful day.The four-day trip came to a (n) _____25_____ soon. We had to go home. Everything in Yunnan was great. It isa very beautiful and interesting place. I’m sure you’ll never regret (懊悔) going on a trip there.16. A. spent B. paid C. took D. found17. A. skating B. climbing C. staying D. waiting18. A. photo B. lake C. hill D. painting19. A. always B. sometimes C. often D. never20. A. walk B. trip C. jump D. history21. A. arrived B. went C. got D. moved22. A. special B. natural C. same D. lucky23. A. with B. on C. by D. under24. A. shop B. stop C. restaurant D. supermarket25. A. place B. end C. thing D. time三、阅读单选(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)A26.What did Jason do on vacation?A. He tasted delicious food.B. He went shopping.C. He went boating.D. He saw some mountains.27. Who had a great time at the sea?A. Helen.B. Jason.C. Diana.D. Bruce.28. Who are good at dancing and singing?A. People in Xi’an.B. People in Hong Kong.C. People in Hainan.D. People in Tibet.29. How did Helen feel about her vacation?A. Sad.B. Happy.C. Terrible.D. Bored.30. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Helen went to Xi’an with her sister.B. Jason liked boating on the sea.C. Diana visited Disneyland.D. Bruce visited his uncle in Tibet.BDear Sir or Madam,When I went to the library with my son, I saw your advertisement(广告)in the newspaper. It says if I join your club, I can visit other countries cheaply. I’m interested in it and I think it’s a good way to spend a holiday(假期). I can offer(提供)my house here in Munich when I am traveling.My house is in the center of the town, near an art museum. So it’s an excellent place for art lovers. The house is big enough for four or five people to live in and it has everything for a nice holiday. But there is no swimming pool.My favorite countries to visit on holiday are English-speaking countries, but France would be a good place for me too. I usually take my holidays between March and June, and this is the time when another member(成员)of your club could use my house. The weather is good in Munich at this time of the year.Please let me know how I can join your club. I look forward to(期待)hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely,Kate Miller31. Kate learned about the club from ________.A. her sonB. the TVC. the newspaperD. a member of the club32. The club in the advertisement helps people ________.A. read newspapersB. take vacations cheaplyC. learn different languagesD. buy houses in other countries33. What do we know about Kate’s house?A. It has four rooms.B. It’s in the countryside.C. It has a swimming pool.D. It’s near an art museum.34. From March to June, ________.A. Kate stays in MunichB. Kate goes to visit her sonC. the weather is good in MunichD. the club welcomes new members35. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Kate is an art lover.B. Kate wants to join the club.C. Kate never goes to the library.D. Kate usually takes vacations in winter.CBritish sailor Alex Bond was travelling in his boat all the way from the coast of England to Australia. On the way he stopped his boat on an island called Kanton Island. He would like to stop for a short rest, but his stop soon turned into a life-helping work.When Bond and his partners began going through the island, they met 10 native adults and their 14 children. The native people had eaten little food for weeks, and were very tired.The islanders depended on food taken by boat, but the boat was now months late. For over three months, they have had nothing to eat—only the coconuts that grew on the island, and any fish that they could catch.Luckily, Bond had some food more than usual on the boat, and quickly gave out anything he could to the hungry islanders. Then he used his radio to call the police for help. The police received his message. Soon, the islanders received some food including rice, sugar, and flour.Bond hadn’t expected to turn his holiday into a rescue duty. Saving lives was nothing new for the sailor, but he didn’t think he minded working on holidays.36. Where was Alex Bond travelling to by boat?A. England.B. Australia.C. Kanton Isalnd.D. America.37. How many people did Bond see on the island?A. 10.B. 14.C. 24.D. 25.38. Which of the following is TRUE?A. People on the island usually grew rice and vegetables.B. People on the island usually had fish and fruit for dinner.C. People on the island usually lived on the food taken by boat.D. People on the island really lived a happy life.39. How did Bond ask the police for help?A. By radio.B. On the Internet.C. By writing a letter.D. By phone.40. What did Bond think of the rescue day?A. He thought it was a new experience.B. He minded working when he was on holidays.C. He didn’t like the day because he had to work.D. He didn’t expect to have a rescue duty.第二部分课本知识应用四、根据汉语提示填空(本大题共5小题,每小题1分,共5分)41. The car has a top _________ (速度) of 60 miles per hour.42. The _________ (直达的) flight from Yangzhou and Taizhou to Korea was opened on April 8, 2016.43. All children wish to have _________ (魔法) to do something beyond their abilities.44. The _________ (馅饼) tastes nice. May I have some more?45. We have to do some _________ (室内的) activities because of the heavy rain.五、用所给单词的正确形式填空(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)46. The most important is to enjoy _________ (we) when travelling.47. Long after the basketball match, all the boys were still _________ (exciting).48. His family have been to Paris _________ (two).49. They have taken a lot of _________ (photo) in front of the Little Mermaid (美人鱼).50. The poor dog has been _________ (die) for two days.51. It’s a long time since we ________ (meet) last time, isn’t it?52. There _________ (be) few students playing in the playground because of the coming exam, will there?53. Is it possible for our team _________ (win) the game in the next three minutes?54. I'm afraid you _________ (lose) the key, haven’t you?55. — Why didn’t she stop him going out?— Sorry, but she _________ (write) a letter and didn’t notice him go out.56. Many changes _________ (take) place in Moonlight Town over the years.57. How did you know that light _________ (travel) faster than sound?58. Amy says that she _________ (come) back in three days.59. Let’s _________ (go) to South Hill for our holiday, shall we?60. Lucy is busy _________ (get) all her things.六、完成句子(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)61. 每天我们匆忙地去赶早班公交车。
Unit2 单元综合测试(考试时间:100分钟试卷满分:120分)第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A(2022·海南·嘉积中学高一期末)Here is the latest news from BBC.News OneMore than 90 people are now known to have been killed by destructive tornadoes that swept through the Midwest of the United States on Friday. At least 80 were killed in Kentucky and 14 across five other states.A worker at a Kentucky candle factory told the BBC that many workers had been killed when they worked there. As Peter Bowes reports, what people should do is being discussed when they are warmed that a tornado is on the way. And the owner of that factory has, in fact, been talking about this. But clearly it wasn’t of any use for the people in that building.News TwoThe number of people killed by flash floods in the US state of Tennessee has risen to more than 20 on Tuesday. Now rescue workers are continuing to look for those who are still missing.Record rainfall of more than 40 centimeters in some areas caused widespread flooding. Buddy Frazier is the mayor (市长) of Waverly, one of the worst affected towns. “I’ve been around a long time, and I’ve been through a lot of events here, and this one really shocked me. “ He said.News ThreeHaiti’s civil protection service says around 1300 people are now known to have lost their lives in Saturday’s powerful earthquake which struck the southwest of the country.Hospitals in the area are fighting to cut down the number of the injured, which is almost doubled to around 6000 people. In the cities of Jeremies and Les Cayes, rescuers are trying to locate people still trapped under ruins.1.What is the first news mainly talking about?A.Tornadoes hit parts of the US.B.Tsunamis struck Kentucky, the US.C.V olcanic eruption happened in the US.D.Hurricanes caused great damage to the US.2.What made Waverly one of the worst affected towns that the mayor has ever seen? A.Destructive landslides.B.Terrible sandstorms.C.Flash floods D.Disastrous earthquakes3.How many people have been killed by the powerful earthquake in Haiti on Saturday so far?A.More than 6000.B.Around 1300.C.Around 6000.D.About 3000.B(2021·河南·虞城县高级中学高一期中)Shops were in ruins, houses flattened, and entire villages were destroyed in what’s being described as one of the worst flooding disasters to hit Western Europe in more than two centuries. More than 165 people have been killed, while dozens of others remain missing after a record rainfall caused dams(堤坝)to burst and rivers to overflow into towns and streets across western Germany, Belgium, as well as parts of the Netherlands, Switzerland and northern France.In Liège, Belgium’s third-largest city, water from the Meuse River overflowed Thursday evening into parts of the city center, so city officials had to call for the people to move out of the area or go to higher ground.“I’ve never seen anything like this in my 81 years,” said Pierre Fouillen, an old lady who came to her home Friday morning to check the damage. “This may be the worst flooding disaster our country has ever known. ”Dutch soldiers are sent to the southern city of Limburg as rivers are expected to burst their banks. After more than two months’ worth of rain in just 24 hours, officials are preparing for more rain Thursday, but dryer weather is expected by the weekend.In western Germany, the number of deaths rose to 143. Some of the worst damage has happened in the coutryside of Ahrweiler, where floodwater has cut off entire villages. In the town of Schuld, houses were destroyed, and dozens of people were missing. Transport has also been badly affected by the rain. Most railway services running through central and western Germany have been put off, resulting intraffic jam on the nation’s highways. Parts of southern and eastern Germany have also been hit by flooding.The flooding has made climate change a hot topic for Germany’s upcoming elections(选举)in the fall. Armin Laschet, the most promising candidate(候选人)from North Rhine-Westphalia, called an emergency meeting Friday, for whom the flooding will become a serious test of his leadership.4.Which city was affected by water from the Meuse River?A.Liège.B.Schuld.C.Ahrweiler.D.Limburg.5.How long has the heavy rain lasted in Limburg?A.For twenty four hours.B.For four days.C.For one week.D.For two months.6.Why were the highways crowded in central and western Germany?A.The highways were damaged.B.Too many flights were delayed. C.Most train services stopped.D.Villagers were moved to the highways.7.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.The causes of the flood.B.The damages caused by the disaster. C.The seriousness of the flood.D.The political influence of the disaster.C(2022·河北秦皇岛·高一期末)Winter can usually kill most wildfires. But in the far North,some forest fires just don’t die. They are thought of as “zombie (僵尸) fires”.“Zombie fires” usually sleep underground in winter. Covered by snow, they smoke through the cold. Fueled by carbon-rich peat (泥炭) and soil in the North, most of these hidden fires spread slowly for less than 500 meters during the winter. When spring comes, the flames (火焰) of the fires appear near sites that they burned in winter, and they turn to burning fresh fuels around. This may happen well before the traditional fire season in the far North.“Zombie fires” had been known mostly from firefighters’ stories. Few scientists studied them until details in some satellite images attracted one research team.Rebecca Scholten, a member of the team, studies earth systems at Vrije University Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Her team noticed an unusual thing. “New fires have been starting very close to the former years’ fires in recent years,and we wonder how often the fires might survive the winter,” Scholten explains.These “zombie fires” are rarely seen before, according to a new study from Nature. But in recent years, they are becoming more common, the study warns. It is believed that the “zombie fires” are even on the road of being a threat. Forests in the far North are warming faster than the globe’s average (平均数). Scholten says, “We’re seeing more hot summers and more large fires and strong burning. That could set the stage for the fires to become a bigger problem,” she worries. And the region’s soils hold a lot of carbon—maybe twice as much as earth’s atmosphere. More fires here could give off huge amounts of greenhouse gases. That would drive a cycle of more warming and even higher risk of fires.8.What do we know about the “zombies fires” in the far North?A.They will completely die out in winter.B.Carbon-rich peat helps them burn slowly in winter.C.They often happen after the traditional fire season.D.Their flames can only appear in spring.9.What can we infer from Scholten’s words in paragraph 3?A.“Zombie fires” appear earlier than the years before.B.“Zombie fires” happen far from former years’ fires.C.“Zombie fires” happen more frequently than before.D.“Zombie fires” appear in different shapes every year.10.What was a cause of being a threat for the “zombie fires”?A.The global warming is slowing down.B.The hot summers are less and less seen.C.The area’s soils are short of carbon.D.More greenhouse gases are given off.11.What can be the best title for the text?A.Where Are “Zombie Fires” From?B.Are “Zombie Fires” Frightening?C.Pay Attention To “Zombie Fires”!D.“Zombie Fires” Are Caused By Humans!D(2022·江西·临川一中高一阶段练习)Check out our tsunami facts and learn some interesting information related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some notable recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of meters. If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way.Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to evacuate as possible. When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast), they slow down but increase in height.An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries. In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people. The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres (131 feet) in mine areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.The Japanese word “tsunami” literally means “harbour wave”. Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides.12.Which of the following shows a tsunami is coming soon?A.The water near the shore is pulled back.B.The water marches towards the coast.C.An earthquake takes place.D.The water near the shore is very shallow.13.In the Tohoku earthquake, over 15,000 people died mainly because of ________. A.the earthquake itself B.the lack of warning systemsC.the tsunami caused by the earthquakeD.the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami14.What does the underlined word “evacuate” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Leave.B.Watch.C.Explore.D.Communicate. 15.What can we learn from the passage?A.There is no sign before the approach of a tsunami.B.More people died in Indonesia tsunami than in Tohoku tsunami.C.Some nuclear accidents happened after Indonesia tsunami.D.The term “tidal wave” is used more often than “tsunami.”第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)(2022·贵州毕节·高一期末)Earthquakes happen without warning (前兆). They can happen any time of a day, at any point during the year. But don’t worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. ____16____ However, it’s important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.____17____ You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines (输电线).Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. ____18____Also keep away from a fire. ____19____If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it’s safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and don’t drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees.____20____A.Do not go outside.B.These could fall and hurt you.C.Only a few big ones hurt people.D.Every earthquake can cause disaster.E.You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.F.Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.G.Most people get injured by falling things in an earthquake, not by the shaking itself.第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)(2022·河北·邢台市第二中学高一开学考试)Joel Boyers and his wife, Melody Among, were heading home in their helicopter (直升机)when he received a call for help from a stranger. The caller’s brother and her _____21_____ were trapped on their roof in Waverly because of the rising floodwater.The caller _____22_____ Joel Boyers to come to their aid. Boyers looked west towards Waverly at the storm clouds. Aware of the danger to _____23_____ in such bad weather, though, he _____24_____ put the brother’s address into his_____25_____. Soon, he and Among were in the air,_____26_____ for what they were about to see in Waverly.Upon arriving, he found the water below was _____27_____. People were holding on to anything that didn’t move—roofs, trees. The flooding also______28______ cell phone service, meaning Boyers couldn’t use his phone to locate the _____29_____ he was looking for. He flew on anyway.As Boyers drove the helicopter, Among began ____30____ people on roofs and bridges—anywhere Boyers could _____31_____ and get them onboard. A rescued man pointed to a teenager. The teenager held onto a branch with one hand and the other held a dog she’d saved earlier while both were _____32_____ in the current (水流). With no place for Boyers to land, he _____33_____ the helicopter until it hovered (盘旋) just above the water line. The rescued man jumped out and swam to the tree, where he helped the teen and the dog to the _____34_____.Though the experience was _____35_____, Boyers admitted it was fun. 21.A.neighbour B.wife C.friend D.daughter 22.A.ordered B.attracted C.begged D.challenged 23.A.pack B.fly C.quit D.swim 24.A.immediatelyB.secretly C.gradually D.creatively 25.A.card B.pocket C.computer D.phone 26.A.unprepared B.intended C.relieved D.recognized 27.A.peaceful B.rapid C.familiar D.clean 28.A.revised B.delivered C.damaged D.registered 29.A.house B.tree C.car D.bridge 30.A.debating withB.adapting to C.commenting on D.searching for31.A.land B.rise C.jump D.look 32.A.training B.exploring C.experimenting D.struggling 33.A.reserved B.lowered C.followed D.designed 34.A.home B.school C.helicopter D.truck 35.A.plain B.awkward C.adventurous D.formal第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)(2022·江苏南通·高一阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
人教版一年级数学上册第二单元综合测试卷一、我会填。
(每空2分,共44分)1.2.生活小常识。
3.你知道它们在哪儿吗?(1)钟表在桌子的()面。
(2)花盆在桌子的()面。
(3)玩具熊在笔筒的()边。
(4)玩具汽车在花盆的()边。
4.(1)小狗排在最()面,小象排在最()面。
(2)小象排在小鹿的()面,小狗排在小兔的()面。
(3)小兔排第(),它的前面有()只小动物,后面有()只小动物。
5.“类”字是()结构,“米”在“大”的()面,“大”在“米”的()面。
6.根据下表解决问题。
(1)“递”字的右边是()字,“扬”字的上面是()字。
(2)“传”字的下面是()字,“神”字的左边是()字。
二、你能分清左右手吗?(是左手的在括号里画“〇”,是右手的在括号里画“△”)(10分)三、我会辨动物世界中的位置关系。
请圈出正确的答案。
(共22分)1.狐狸和乌鸦的故事。
(每小题2分,共6分)(1)在的(上下)面。
(2)在的(前后)面。
(3)想尽办法,终于让嘴里的肉从(上下)面掉下来了。
2.帮小动物确定位置。
(每小题2分,共8分)(1)的左边是()。
(2)的(左右)边是。
(3)在的(上下)面。
(4)在的(上下)面。
3.动物们找食物。
(每小题4分,共8分)(1)先向(左右)走,再向(上下)走就可以吃到。
(2)先向(上下)走,再向(左右)走就可以吃到。
四、连一连。
(12分)五、我会画。
(12分)在房子的上面画一朵;在的左边画一个;在房子的右边画一棵;在的右边画一面。
★挑战题:天才的你,试一试。
(圈出正确的答案)(每小题5分,共10分)1.火车从站开往站,②号车厢在①号车厢的(前后)面。
2.火车从站开往站,④号车厢在③号车厢的(前后)面。
答案一、1.32.右左右3.(1)上(2)下(3)右(4)左4.(1)前后(2)后前(3)212 5.上下上下6.(1)奥递(2)发精二、(〇)(△)(△)(〇)(△)(〇)(〇)(△)(△)(〇)三、1.(1)(上○下)(2)(○前后)(3)(○上下) 2.(1)() (2)(左○右)(3)(○上下) (4)(上○下) 3.(1)(左○右)(上○下)(2)(○上下)(○左右)四、五、挑战题:1.(○前后) 2.(前○后)。
七年级下册英语Unit2单元综合测试题-人教版(含答案)Class__________Name____________Number___________总分:100分一、单项选择(20分)( )1. ---_______do you go to see your uncle?---On Saturday evening.A.WhenB.What timeC.WhichD.Where( )2. I go to________work after_______breakfast every day.A./, theB.the, aC./, /D.the, /( )3. John is ________late for school. He is always the first to come to school.uallyB.oftenC.neverD.sometimes( )4. ---Do you have a_________?---Yes, I do. I_________in a bank.A.job, jobB.work, jobC.job, workD.work, work( )5. The child doesn’t need any help. He is old enough to________himself.A.put onB.wearC.be inD.dress( )6. ---When shall we go on a picnic, Saturday or Sunday?---_______is OK. I’m free the whole weekend.A.NeitherB.AllC.EitherD.Both( )7. This kind of special noodles_______so delicious that I can’t help asking for more.A.tasteB.tastesC.to tasteD.tasting( )8. We have to_______the school uniform at school.A.put onB.wearC.to put onD.to wear( )9. The teachers often tell us_______in the river. It’s dangerous.A.not swimB.don’t swimC.not swimmingD.not to swim( )10. ---Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?---Yes, you_______.A.mustB.canC.mayD.need二、完形填空(10分)Lisa lives in the beautiful countryside. She usually gets up early in the morning, _____1___ she’s never late for school. After getting up, she _____2______takes a shower and has a quick breakfast. Then she ______3_____her home at about 6:30. Her home is very far from school. She likes_____4_____her bike. It takes her about a(n)_____5_____to go to school. It’s never _____6____because she always sings on her way. She also thinks that it’s good_____7____her health to go to school by bike.A fter school she usually goes back____8____with her friend, Ann. Ann’s home is near. It’s only three kilometers from her home______9_____school. Ann likes riding, too. And she_____10____thinks it is good exercise.( )1.A.so B.or C.that D.but( )2.A.often B.hardly C.never D.sometimes( )3.A.lives B.goes C.gets D.leaves( )4.A.showing B.riding C.playing D.taking( )5.A.minute B.hour C.day D.week( )6.A.quick B.interesting C.happy D.boring( )7.A.with B.for C.at D.to( )8.A.home B.school C.house D.hospital( )9.A.in B.with C.to D.at( )10.A.but B.either C.too D.also三、阅读理解(20分)ARichard Campbell is a secondary school student. He is 15 years old. He lives in a small town in the North of England. Every morning, he gets up at eight o'clock, puts on his uniform and walks to school.One hour later, the lessons start. The students usually study math, English, history andgeography in the morning. They usually study music and drawing and they play sports after lunch.They have a ten-minute break between classes. They also spend a long time in the school library, reading books and doing their homework.Richard likes his school very much. His favorite subjects are English and geography, but he doesn't like math because he is not good at it.Richard and all his friends spend the whole day at school. Lunch is at one o'clock. He doesn't like the food that the school serves. This is why he often brings a packed lunch from home.He always has his lunch in the dining hall, but some of his friends sometimes eat in the courtyard or outside the school gate.At weekends, he always goes out with his friends because he doesn't go to school. On Saturday, he always goes to the cinema or to the sports center. On Sunday, he just goes for a walk with his dog.( )1.Richard's lessons begin________ in the morning.A.at 8:00B.at 8:30C.at 9:00D.at 9:10( )2.Richard likes________ best according to the passage.A.math and EnglishB.English and geographyC.history and mathD.geography and history( )3.Richard has lunch________ on weekdays.A.in the dining hallB.at homeC.in the courtyardD.outside his school gate( )4.What does Richard always do on Saturday?A.He reads and does homework.B.He goes to see films or does sports.C.He walks his dog or does exercise.D.He spends a long time in the library.( )5. What does this passage mainly talk about?A.School coursesB.Ways to go to schoolC.School RulesD.Daily routinesBTom is a little boy, and he is only seven years old. Once he goes to a cinema on Sunday.I t is the first time for him to do that. He buys a ticket and goes in. But after two minutes he comes out, and buys a second ticket and goes in again. After a few minutes he comes out again and buys a third ticket. Two or three minutes later, he comes out and asks for another ticket. But a girl asks him, “Why do you buy so many tickets? How many friends do you meet?” “No,I have no friends here, but a big boy always stops me at the door and tears my ticket to pieces.”( )6.Tom wants to buy _________when the girl asks him.A.the second ticketB.the third ticketC.the fourth ticketD.the fifth ticket( )7. The big boy stops Tom at the door because ___________.A.it is the big boy’s jobB.the big boy doesn’t like TomC.the big boy doesn’t know TomD.Tom doesn’t buy tickets at all( )8. The underlined word “tears”means “_________”in this passage.A.购买B.眼泪C.揉搓D.撕( )9.From the story we know_________.A.the little boy has a lot of moneyB.the little boy knows nothing about the cinemaC.t he big boy isn’t friendly to TomD.the girl wants to get more money( )10. Which of the following is Not True in the passage?A.Tom buys the tickets for himself.B.Tom hasn’t been to the cinema before.C.Tom is too young to make friends.D.Tom has no friend at the cinema.四、任务型阅读(10分)阅读短文,选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有一项是多余的。
人教版五年级上册二单元综合测试卷(位置)时间:90分钟满分100分题号一二三四五六七八总分得分一、填空。
(18 分)1.确定一个物体的位置,一般用()个数据,这()个数据的顺序不同,表示物体位置()。
2.表示物体位置时,横排叫做(),竖排叫做()。
确定第几列一般从()往()数,确定第几行一般从()往()数。
3.刘强和王冰在教室里的位置可以用数对(4,1)和(2,7)表示,若(4,1)中的4表示第4列,则1表示(),(2,7)表示王冰坐在第()列第()行。
4.一个点在图上的位置可用(4,6)表示,如果这个点向左平移2个单位,其位置应表示为();向下平移3个单位,其位置应表示为()。
5..如图,A点用数对表示为(1,1),B点用数对表示为(),C点用数对表示为(),依次连接A,B,C三点,组成封闭图形,则三角形ABC是()三角形。
6.宝宝和贝贝在同一间教室上课,宝宝在教室的位置表示为(4,2),贝贝在教室的位置表示为(5,2),她们在同一()中。
二、判断。
(对的打“√”,错的打“X”)(10分)1.用(3,3)表示位置,这两个3所表示的意义相同。
()2.两个物体的位置分别是(3,4)和(3,7),则两物体在同一列中。
()3.用(3,a)表示位置,不知道是第几列,但能知道是第几行。
()4.如果计算机的列数输入“4”,行数输入“3”,会出现()5.数对(4,8)和(8,4)表示的是同一位置。
()三、选择。
(将正确答案的序号填在括号里)(10分)1.在教室里,明明的座位可以用数对(a,b)表示,淘淘的座位可以用数对(b,6)表示,芳芳的座位可以用数对(c,6)表示,下列说法正确的是()。
A.明明和芳芳在同一列B.淘淘和芳芳在同一行C.明明和芳芳在同一行2.电影票上“8排7号”记作(7,8),那么(8,6)在电影票上表示()。
A.8排6号B.8排7号C.6排8号3.将点M(10,8)向右平移2格,再向下平移4格后,用数对表示是()。
Unit2 单元综合测试题(时间:60分钟满分:100分)Ⅰ.单项选择(每小题1分,共15分)1.We have math and Chinese ______ Friday morning.A.at B.in C.on D.for2.Nick is ten years old.______ favorite food is chicken.A.My B.His C.Our D.Your3.He usually finishes ______ TV at 12:00.A.watching B.watchesC.watch D.to watch4.Today we have ______ classes,and the ______ class is math.A.three;tree B.first;threeC.three;third D.third;three5.They ______ busy doing their homework.A.is B.am C.are D./6.Please tell me what to do ______.A.and B.and then C.then D.next7.Science is difficult ______ interesting.A.but B.and C.or D.so8.—When do you ______?—______ Monday,Wednesday and Friday.A.have math;On B.have a math;AtC.have math;At D.have a math;On9.______ is the fifth day in a week.A.Wednesday B.ThursdayC.Friday D.Saturday10.—______ is it—It's 8:00 in the morning.A.When B.What timeC.Where D.What11.—Why don't you like English—Because it's ______.A.interesting B.funC.exciting D.difficult12.—What ______ do you like best—Football.A.food B.subjectC.sport D.music13.Jim likes ______ games with me.A.play B.playing C.playsD.playes14.—______do you like music—Because it's relaxing.A.Why B.When C.How D.What 15.I like math______ I like P.E.A.and B.but C.because D.so Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题2分,共20分)Hi!I'm Cheng Ling. I'm a__1__of Class 3,Grade 7.Myschool life is very__2__.We have four classes in the __3__.Classes begin at 8 o'clock. In the afternoon,we have two classes. We have English,science,history,music and __4__other subjects.__5__is my favorite subject. I often sing and dance with my classmates on weekends. But I__6__science,because I think it's difficult and__7__.Do you think soAfter school,I often play soccer with__8__friends.Sometimes I swim in a swimming club. But my favorite sport is volleyball. And I can play it__9__.I like my school life very much.__10__you tell me about your school life1.A.runner B.student C.musicianD.teacher2.A. scary B.boring C.interestingD.difficult3.A. night B.afternoon C.eveningD.morning4.A. some B.any C.a lot D.a little5.A. History B.Music C.MathD.Science6.A. don't like B.doesn't like C.likeD.likes7.A. relaxing B.interesting C.boring D.fun8.A. our B.her C.his D.my9.A. nice B.fine C.wellD.good10.A. Can B.Do C.Are D.DoesⅢ.阅读理解(每小题2分,共30分)AMy name is Cindy.I'm thirteen years old this year.I'm a middle school student.I'm in Class Three,Grade Seven.I have some new subjects this year.They are science and history.My favorite day is Thursday because I have science on that day.I have a twin sister(孪生姐姐).Her name is Sonia.She is also a middle school student.She is in Class Six,Grade Seven.She likes English.Her favorite day is Monday because she has English on that day.My father is Mr.White.He is a math teacher.His favorite day is Sunday because he can go to the baseball club.He likes playing baseball.My mother is Mrs.White.She is a clerk at Huaxing Clothes Store.Her favorite day is Saturday because on that day she doesn't go to work.And she can play tennis with her friends.Oh,my mother likes playing tennis.1.Cindy's favorite subject is ______.A.science B.history C.mathD.English2.Sonia is ______ years old this year.A.seven B.nine C.thirteenD.fourteen3.Mr.White has two ______.A.sons B.sisters C.brothersD.daughters4.On ______,Mr.White usually goes to the baseball club.A.Saturday B.Monday C.Thursday D.Sunday5.Mrs.White works in a ______.A.club B.hotel C.schoolD.storeBAmerican school begins in September after a long summer vacation.There are two terms in a school year:the first term is from September to January,and the second is from February to June.Most American children go to public schools(公立学校).High school students take only four or five subjects at a time.They usually go to the same classes every day,and they have an assignment(课外作业) for every class.After class they have many activities.After high school,many students go to college.6.Most American children start school life in ______.A.September B.FebruaryC.June D.July7.American children have______vacations each year.A.one B.two C.three D.four8.Students in the high school have ______subjects at a time.A.four B.five C.sixD.four or five9.Which of the following is wrongA.In July students don't need to go to school because of vacation.B.Students have the same classes every day.C.Students don't have homework for every class.D.Most American children go to public schools.10.After class students ______.A.do homework B.go back homeC.have many activities D.go to moviesCTom is ten years old this year.He is in Grade Two(二年级).He doesn't work hard at school.His teacher doesn't like him.But Tom thinks he is the cleverest student(最聪慧的学生)in his class.And he thinks his math(数学)is good.On a Sunday afternoon,Tom goes home.He feels very hungry.So he says to his mother,“Mom,I am very hungry.Can I have some food to eat?”“Supper is not ready now,but there are two cakes on the plate.You can eat them first.”Wh en he sees the two cakes,Tom says,“Mother,I have three cakes now.Look!This is the first cake.This is the second cake.One and two is three.I am very clever.”“Yes,you're very clever,”says his mother.“Now give me the first cake,your father will eat the second cake,and you eat the third one.”11.Tom's teacher doesn't like him because ______.A.he doesn't work hard at schoolB.he doesn't listen to his teacher in classC.he doesn't do his homeworkD.he doesn't go to school on time12.Tom thinks his ______ is good.A.English B.math C.ChineseD.homework13.One day when Tom goes home,he feels ______.A.happy B.sad C.hungryD.thirsty14.Where are the two cakesA.On the plate. B.On the table. C.On the bed. D.On the chair. 15.Can Tom eat the third cakeA.No,he can't. B.No,he can. C.Yes,he is right. D.Yes,he can't.Ⅳ.用所给词的正确形式填空(每小题1分,共10分)1.I think the tape is very ______(use).2.Ken has two favorite ______(subject).3.Beijing and Shanghai are big ______(city).4.My little sister knows some ______(word).5.Do you often ______(do) your homework6.Can he ______(play) the guitar7.Sonia usually ______(have) math on Tuesday. 8.Linda ______(not do) her homework in the evening. 9.Do you want ______ (know) about my family 10.Please ______(ask) that man.Ⅴ.句型转换(每小题2分,共10分)1.He likes P.E.best.(改为同义句)______ favorite ______ is P.E.2.After lunch he has math.(改为否认句)After lunch he ______ ______ math.3.I like ler because he is fun.(对画线局部提问)______ ______ you like ler4.I don't think art is interesting.(改为同义句)I ______ art is ______.5.Scott has music_on Monday.(对画线局部提问)______ ______ Scott have musicⅥ.书面表达(共15分)假设你是艾伦(Alan),下面是你周四一天的学校生活。
单元综合测试二(相互作用)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,试卷满分为100分.考试时间为90分钟.第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共40分)一、选择题(本题共10小题,每题4分,共40分.有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确,把正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)1.下面关于重力、重心的说法中正确的是()A.风筝升空后,越升越高,其重心也升高B.质量分布均匀、形状规则的物体的重心一定在物体上C.舞蹈演员在做各种优美动作时,其重心位置不变化D.重力的方向总是垂直于地面解析:实际上,一个物体的各个部分都受到重力,重心的说法是从宏观上研究重力对物体的作用效果时而引入的一个概念,重心是指一个点(重力的作用点).由此可知,重心的具体位置应该由物体的形状和质量分布情况决定,也就是说只要物体的形状和质量分布情况不变,重心与物体的空间位置关系就保持不变.重心可能在物体外,也可能在物体内,对具有规则几何形状、质量均匀分布的物体,重心在物体的几何中心上.物体位置升高,其重心也跟着升高,根据以上分析可以判断选项A是正确的,选项B、C是错误的.重力的方向是“竖直向下”的,要注意“竖直向下”与“垂直于地面”并不完全相同,所以选项D的说法是错误的.答案:A图12.如图1,加装“保护器”的飞机在空中发生事故失去动力时,上方的降落伞就会自动弹出.已知一根伞绳能承重2940 N,伞展开后伞绳与竖直方向的夹角为30°,飞机的质量约为30吨.忽略其他因素,仅考虑当飞机处于平衡时,降落伞的伞绳至少所需的根数最接近于(图中只画出了2根伞绳)()A.120B.90C.60 D.30解析:由力的平衡可知,2940×cos30°·n=30×104, n=118,则降落伞的伞绳至少所需的根数最接近120根,A正确.答案:A3.假期里,一位同学在厨房里协助妈妈做菜,对菜刀产生了兴趣.他发现菜刀的刀刃前图2部和后部的厚薄不一样,刀刃前部的顶角小,后部的顶角大(如图2所示),他先后做出过几个猜想,其中合理的是()A.刀刃前部和后部厚薄不一样,仅是为了打造方便,外形美观,跟使用功能无关B.在刀背上加上同样的力时,分开其他物体的力跟刀刃厚薄无关C.在刀背上加上同样的压力时,顶角越大,分开其他物体的力越大D.在刀背上加上同样的压力时,顶角越小,分开其他物体的力越大解析:把刀刃部分抽象后,可简化成一个等腰三角劈,设顶角为2θ,背宽为d,侧面长为L,如图a所示.图3当在劈背施加压力F后,产生垂直侧面的两个分力F1、F2,使用中依靠着这两个分力分开被加工的其他物体.由对称性知,这两个分力大小相等(F1=F2),由此画出力分解的平行四边形,实为菱形,如图b所示.在这个力的平行四边形中,取其四分之一考虑(图中阴影部分),根据它跟半个劈的直角三角形的相似关系,有关系式F1F/2=Ld/2=1sinθ,得F1=F2=F2sinθ.由此可见,刀背上加上一定的压力F时,侧面分开其他物体的力跟顶角的大小有关,顶角越小,sinθ的值越小,F1和F2越大.但是,刀刃的顶角越小时,刀刃的强度会减小,碰到较硬的物体刀刃会卷口甚至碎裂,实际制造过程中为了适应加工不同物体的需要,所以做成前部较薄,后部较厚.答案:D图44.(2012·河北承德模拟)如图4所示,用两根细线把A、B两小球悬挂在天花板上的同一点O,并用第三根细线连接A、B两小球,然后用某个力F作用在小球A上,使三根细线均处于直线状态,且OB细线恰好沿竖直方向,两小球均处于静止状态.则该力可能为图中的()A.F1B.F2C.F3D.F4解析:由于小球B处于静止状态,且细线OB沿竖直方向,因此细线AB无弹力,对小球A受力分析,由于它受力平衡,并根据小球A受到的细线的拉力和重力的方向可知,施加给小球A的力F应沿F2或F3的方向,故选B、C.答案:BC图55.如图5所示,晾晒衣服的绳子轻且光滑,悬挂衣服的衣架的挂钩也是光滑的,轻绳两端分别固定在两根竖直杆上的A、B两点,衣服处于静止状态.如果保持绳子A端位置不变,将B端分别移动到不同的位置时,下列判断正确的是()A.B端移到B1位置时,绳子张力不变B.B端移到B2位置时,绳子张力变小C.B端在杆上位置不动,将杆移动到虚线位置时,绳子张力变大D.B端在杆上位置不动,将杆移动到虚线位置时,绳子张力变小解析:以悬挂点为研究对象,画出其受力图,则两侧绳子的拉力相等,设绳子长为L,左、右两侧绳子长为L1、L2,两杆之间的宽度为d,两绳与竖直方向的夹角为θ,L1sinθ+L2sinθ=d,所以sinθ=d/L,可见θ只由d、L决定,与其他因素无关,根据G=2F cosθ,F 的大小与绳子在B、B1、B2的位置无关,所以A正确.将杆移动到虚线位置时,d变小,θ变小,根据F=G2cosθ,绳子张力变小,可见D正确.答案:AD6.如图6所示,水平地面上的物体A,在斜面上的拉力F的作用下,向右做匀速运动,则下列说法中正确的是()图6A.物体A可能只受到三个力的作用B.物体A一定受到四个力的作用C.物体A受到的滑动摩擦力大小为F cosθD.物体A对水平地面的压力的大小一定为F sinθ解析:分析物体A受力如图7所示,由平衡条件可知,F cosθ=F f,F N+F sinθ=mg,因F f≠0,F N一定不为零,故物体A一定受四个力作用,A错误,B、C正确;F N=mg-F sinθ,故D 错误.答案:BC图87.如图8所示,轻质光滑滑轮两侧用细绳连着两个物体A与B,物体B放在水平地面上,A、B均静止.已知A和B的质量分别为m A、m B,绳与水平方向的夹角为θ,则() A.物体B受到的摩擦力可能为0B.物体B受到的摩擦力为m A g cosθC.物体B对地面的压力可能为0D.物体B对地面的压力为m B g-m A g sinθ解析:图9对B受力分析如图9所示,则水平方向上:F f=F T cosθ,由于F T=m A g,所以F f=m A g cosθ,故A错B对;竖直方向上:F NB+F T sinθ=m B g.所以F NB=m B g-F T sinθ=m B g-m A g sinθ,故C错D对.答案:BD8.如图10所示,放在水平桌面上的木块A处于静止状态,所挂的砝码和托盘的总质量为0.6 kg,弹簧测力计读数为2 N,滑轮摩擦不计,若轻轻取走盘中的部分砝码,使总质量减小到0.3 kg,将会出现的情况是(取g=10 m/s2)()图10A.弹簧测力计的读数将变小B.A仍静止不动C.A对桌面的摩擦力不变D.A所受的合力将要变大解析:初态时,对A:得到F f=F1-F2=4 N,说明最大静摩擦力F f max≥4 N,当将总质量减小到0.3 kg时,F f′=1 N<4 N,所以物体仍静止,故只有B正确.答案:B9.(2011·天津理综)如图12所示,A、B两物块叠放在一起,在粗糙的水平面上保持相对静止地向右做匀减速直线运动,运动过程中B受到的摩擦力()图12A.方向向左,大小不变B.方向向左,逐渐减小C.方向向右,大小不变D.方向向右,逐渐减小解析:B向右做匀减速直线运动,加速度大小不变、方向向左,故所受摩擦力的方向向左,大小不变,即A正确,B、C、D均错误.答案:A10.(2011·安徽理综)一质量为m的物块恰好静止在倾角为θ的斜面上.现对物块施加一个竖直向下的恒力F,如图13所示.则物块()图13A.仍处于静止状态B.沿斜面加速下滑C.受到的摩擦力不变D.受到的合外力增大解析:物块恰好静止在斜面上,沿斜面方向有:mg sinθ=μmg cosθ,得μ=tanθ,摩擦力f=mg sinθ,施加一个竖直向下的恒力F后,沿斜面向下的力(mg+F)sinθ与沿斜面向上的力μ(mg+F)cosθ仍然相等,所以物块仍处于静止状态,合外力不变,仍为零,故A正确,B、D错误.受到的摩擦力f′=(mg+F)sinθ,变大,故C错误.答案:A第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共60分)二、填空题(本题共2小题,每题8分,共16分)11.“验证力的平行四边形定则”实验中.(1)部分实验步骤如下,请完成有关内容:A.将一根橡皮筋的一端固定在贴有白纸的竖直平整木板上,另一端绑上两根细线.B.在其中一根细线上挂上5个质量相等的钩码,使橡皮筋拉伸,如图甲所示,记录:________、________、________.图14C .将步骤B 中的钩码取下,分别在两根细线上挂上4个和3个质量相等的钩码,用两光滑硬棒B 、C 使两细线互成角度,如图乙所示,小心调整B 、C 的位置,使________,记录________.(2)如果“力的平行四边形定则”得到验证,那么图乙中cos αcos β=________. 解析:(1)B.记录钩码个数(或细线拉力),橡皮筋与细线结点的位置O ,细线的方向(说明:能反映细线方向的其他记录也可以)C .应使橡皮筋与细线结点的位置与步骤B 中结点位置重合,并记录钩码个数和对应的细线方向.(2)对结点进行受力分析,设每个钩码的质量均为m ,由平衡条件可知,水平方向满足:4mg cos α=3mg cos β,所以cos αcos β=34. 答案:(1)见解析 (2)3412.通过“探究弹簧弹力与弹簧伸长量之间的关系”实验,我们知道:在弹性限度内,弹簧弹力F 与形变量x 成正比,并且不同弹簧,其劲度系数也不同.某中学的探究学习小组从资料中查到:弹簧的劲度系数与弹簧的材料和形状有关.该学习小组想研究弹簧的劲度系数与弹簧原长的关系,现有A ,B ,C ,D 四根材料和粗细完全相同仅长度不同的弹簧.(1)学习小组的同学们经过思考和理论推导,各自提出了自己的看法,其中甲同学认为弹簧的劲度系数可能与弹簧长度成正比,乙同学认为弹簧的劲度系数可能与弹簧原长成反比,甲、乙有一名同学的看法是正确的.你认为正确的是________(填“甲”或“乙”),就这一环节而言,属于科学探究中的哪个环节________(填序号).A .分析与论证B .进行实验与收集证据C .猜想与假设D .制定计划与设计实验(2)为验证甲、乙谁的看法正确,可通过实验完成,实验器材除上述弹簧和已知质量的几个钩码外,还需要的实验器材是________.(3)探究学习小组进行实验记录的数据如下表所示.实验数据记录(g =10 m/s 2)请完成上表,从中得出的结论为:________.解析:(1)弹簧的劲度系数由弹簧的本身决定,而与悬挂的重物无关,所以乙正确.由于实验还没有被证实,所以属于猜想与假设环节.(2)实验中需要悬挂弹簧测力计,所以需要铁架台,还需要测量弹簧形变量,所以需要刻度尺.(3)根据数据计算可知道:在实验允许的误差范围内,弹簧的劲度系数与弹簧原长成反比.答案:(1)乙C(2)铁架台、刻度尺(3)4.00 cm50 N/m结论为:在实验允许的误差范围内,弹簧的劲度系数与弹簧原长成反比.三、计算题(本题共4小题,13、14题各10分,15、16题各12分,共44分,计算时必须有必要的文字说明和解题步骤,有数值计算的要注明单位)图1513.如图15所示,光滑斜面倾角为θ=30°,一个重20 N的物体在斜面上静止不动.轻质弹簧原长为10 cm,现在的长度为6 cm.(1)求弹簧的劲度系数;(2)若斜面粗糙,将这个物体沿斜面上移6 cm,弹簧与物体相连,下端固定,物体仍静止于斜面上,求物体受到的摩擦力的大小和方向.解析:(1)对物体受力分析,则有:mg sinθ=F此时F=kx1联立以上两式,代入数据,得:k=250 N/m.(2)物体上移,则摩擦力方向沿斜面向上有:F f=mg sinθ+F′此时F′=kx2=5 N代入上式得F f=15 N.答案:(1)250 N/m(2)15 N沿斜面向上图1614.如图16所示,板A的质量为m,滑块B的质量为2m,板A用绳拴住,绳与斜面平行,滑块B沿倾角为α的斜面在A板的中间一段匀速下滑,若A、B之间以及B与斜面间的动摩擦因数相同,求动摩擦因数μ解析:图17取B 为研究对象,受力分析如图17所示.由平衡条件得2mg sin α=μF N 1+μF N 2① 对于A ,由平衡条件得F ′N 2=F N2=mg cos α②对于A 、B 整体,由平衡条件得F ′N1=F N1=3mg cos α③由①②③得μ=12tan α 答案:12tan α图1815.在倾角为α的斜面上,一条质量不计的皮带一端固定在斜面上端,另一端绕过一中间有一圈凹槽的圆柱体,并用与斜面夹角为β的力拉住,使整个装置处于静止状态,如图18所示.不计一切摩擦,圆柱体质量为m ,求拉力F 的大小和斜面对圆柱体的弹力F N 的大小.某同学分析过程如下:将拉力F 沿斜面和垂直于斜面方向进行分解.沿斜面方向:F cos β=mg sin α①沿垂直于斜面方向:F sin β+F N =mg cos α②问:你同意上述分析过程吗?若同意,按照这种分析方法求出F 及F N 的大小;若不同意,指明错误之处并求出你认为正确的结果.解析:不同意.平行于斜面的皮带对圆柱体也有力的作用,其受力如图19所示.图19①式应改为:F cos β+F =mg sin α③由③得F =mg sin α1+cos β④将④代入②,解得F N =mg cos α-F sin β=mg cos α-mg sin βsinα1+cos β. 答案:不同意,错误之处及正确结果见解析图2016.如图20所示,ABCD 为一倾角θ=30°的粗糙斜面,其中AD 边与BC 边平行,斜面上有一重G =10 N 的物体,当对物体施加一个与AD 边平行的拉力F 时,物体恰能做匀速直线运动,已知物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数μ=63,求力F 的大小以及物体运动方向与力F 方向间的夹角α.解析:垂直于斜面方向上,物体对斜面的压力N =G cos θ;在斜面所在平面上,滑块受力为拉力F ,摩擦力f 和重力的分力G sin θ,根据物体的平衡条件有:μN =F 2+(G sin θ)2解得F =5 N ,tan α=G sin θF=1,故α=45°. 答案:5 N 45°。