北京航空航天大学 北航 2003,2004年英美文学 考研真题及答案解析
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考研英语2004阅读答案解析考研英语2004年的阅读部分包含了四篇阅读理解题,每篇阅读后都附有五个问题,共计20个问题。
这些问题不仅考察了考生对文章主旨的理解,还涉及到了细节信息的捕捉、推理判断、词汇理解以及作者观点态度的分析。
通过对这些题目的解析,我们可以更好地理解考研英语阅读的出题思路和解题技巧。
首先,第一篇阅读主要讨论了全球化对经济的影响。
文章指出,尽管全球化带来了许多积极的变化,如贸易和投资的增加,但它也带来了一些挑战,比如对发展中国家的不利影响。
在回答相关问题时,考生需要仔细阅读文章,理解作者的观点,并从文章中找到支持这些观点的证据。
第二篇阅读探讨了教育问题,特别是关于教育公平的讨论。
文章提到,尽管教育机会在增加,但不同社会阶层之间的教育差距仍然存在。
在解答这类问题时,考生需要关注文章中关于教育公平的论述,并能够从文章中提取出关键信息来支持或反驳作者的观点。
第三篇阅读关注的是科技发展对社会的影响。
文章分析了科技如何改变人们的工作方式和生活方式,同时也提出了科技发展可能带来的负面影响。
在回答这些问题时,考生需要理解科技发展的双面性,并能够从文章中找到支持这一观点的论据。
最后一篇阅读讨论了环境保护的重要性。
文章强调了环境保护对于可持续发展的必要性,并提出了一些具体的保护措施。
在解答这类问题时,考生需要关注文章中关于环境保护的论述,并能够从文章中提取出关键信息来支持作者的观点。
总的来说,考研英语阅读部分要求考生具备较强的阅读理解能力,能够准确把握文章的主旨,捕捉细节信息,并能够进行合理的推理判断。
通过对2004年考研英语阅读题目的解析,考生可以更好地掌握解题技巧,提高阅读部分的得分。
2008年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解I. Define the following terms (40/150, 10×4)1. English Enlightenment2. D. H. Lawrence3. Theatre of the Absurd4. Doris Lessing5. American Romanticism6. Southern Renaissance7. The Stream of Consciousness8. Postmodernism9. Narrator10. AllegoryII. Essay Questions and Literary Analysis (30/150, 3×10)1. Analyze “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”2. What contribution did Christopher Marlowe make to English literature?3. Why is “Tom Jones” a successful novel?III. Literary Selections and A nalysis (80/150, 8×10)1.Miss Quested and Aziz and a guide continued the slightly tedious expedition.They did not talk much, for the sun was getting high. The air they felt like a warm bath into which hotter water is trickling constantly, the temperature rose and rose, the boulders said, “I am alive,” the small stones answered, “I am almost alive.”Between the chinks lay the ashes of little plants. They meant to climb to the rocking-stone on the summit, but it was too far, and they contented themselves with the big group of caves...And having no one else to speak to on that eternal rock, she gave rein to the subject, of marriage and said in her honest, decent, inquisitive way: ‘Have you one wife or more than one?’The question shocked the young man very much. It challenged a new conviction of his community, and new convictions are more sensitive than old. If she had said, ‘D o you worship one god or several?’ he would not have objected. But to ask an educated India Moslem how many wives he has—appalling, hideous! He was in trouble how to conceal his confusion. ‘One, one in my own particular case,’ he spluttered, and let go of her hand. Quite a number of caves were at the top of the track, and thinking, ‘Damn the English even at their best,’ he plunged into one of them to recover his balance. She followed at her leisure, quite unconscious that she had said the wrong thing, and not seeing him, she also went into a cave, thinking with half her mind ‘sight-seeing bores me’, and wondering with the other half about marriage.a. Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.b. Who is the real loser in the novel? Why?c. Why there is a humming in her mind whenever she thought of the possible rape?d. Explain the symbolic meaning of the title and the structure of story.2.That’s my Duchess painted on the wall,looking as if she were alive. I callThat piece a wonder, now: Frà Pandolf’s handsWorked busily a day, and there she stands.Will’t please you sit and look at her?[……]—E’en then would be some stooping; and I chooseNever to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt,When’er I passed her; but who passed withoutMuch the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;Then all smiles stopped together. There she standsAs if alive. Will’t please you rise? We’ll meetThe Company below, then. I repeat.The count your master’s known munificenceIs ample warrant that no just pretenseOf mine for dowry will be disallowed;Though his fair daughter’s self, as I avowedAt starting, is my object. Nay, we’ll goTogether down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,Taming a sea horse, though a rarity,Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!a. Identify the author of and the work from which the passage is selected.b. Identify and define the literary device employed in the poem.c. What does the sentence “I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together” mean? How does it reveal the protagonist’s personality?d. Why at the end of the poem “statue of Neptune” is mentioned?3.—And who is the best poet, Heron? asked Boland.—Lord Tennyson, of course, answered Heron.—O, yes, Lord Tennyson, said Nash. We have all his poetry at home in a book. At this Stephen forgot the silent vows he had been making and burst out: —Tennyson a poet! Why, he’s only a rhymester!—O, get out! said Heron. Everyone knows that Tennyson is the greatest poet. —And who do you think is the greatest poet? asked Boland, nudging his neighbor. —Byron, of course, answered Stephen.Heron gave the lead and all three joined in a scornful laugh.—What are you laughing at? asked Stephen.—You, said Heron. Byron the greatest poet! He’s only a poet for uneducated people.—He must be a fine poet! said Boland.—You may keep your mouth shut, said Stephen, turning on him boldly. All you know about poetry is what you wrote up on the slates in the yard and were going to be sent to the loft for.Boland, in fact, was said to have written on the slates in the yard a couplet about a classmate of his who often rode home from the college on a pony:As Tyson was riding into JerusalemHe fell and hurt his Alec Kafoozelum.This thrust put the two lieutenants to silence but Heron went on:—In any case Byron was a heretic and immoral too.—I don’t care what he was, cried Stephen hotly.—You don’t care whether he was a heretic or not? said Nash.—What do you know about it? shouted Stephen. You never read a line of anything in your life except a trans, or Boland either.—I know that Byron was a bad man, said Boland.—Here, catch hold of this heretic, Heron called out. In a moment Stephen was a prisoner.—Tate made you buck up the other day (5), Heron went on, about the heresy in your essay.—I’ll tell him tomorrow, said Boland.—Will you? said Stephen. You’d be afraid to open your lips.—Afraid?—Ay. Afraid of your life.—Behave yourself! cried Heron, cutting at Stephen’s legs with his cane.It was the signal for their onset. Nash pinioned his arms behind while Boland seized a long cabbage stump which was lying in the gutter. Struggling and kicking under the cuts of the cane and the blows of the knotty stump Stephen was borne back against a barbed wire fence.—Admit that Byron was no good.—No.—Admit.—No.—Admit.—No. No.a. Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.b. What is the symbolic meaning of the protagonist’s name?c. Describe his growing process, which is also called Bildungsroman—novels ofeducation/growth.d. How is his personality is revealed from the above mentioned selections?。
2003考研英语答案【篇一:考研英语阅读真题及详细解析2003】loved the internet. the american spymaster who built the office of strategic services in the world war Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the cia was fascinated with information. donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the great game of espionage — spying as a profession. these days the net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping donovans vocation as well.the latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. that kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. in the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. the spooks call it open-source intelligence, and as the net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the cia held a contest to see who could compile the most data about burundi. the winner, by a large margin, was a tiny virginia company called open source solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.straiford president george friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in ukraine. as soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from ukraine, says friedman, a former political science professor. and well hear back from some of them. open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. thats where straitford earns its keep.friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in austin. several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. he sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. straitford, says friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 41. the emergence of the net has________.[a] received support from fans like donovan [b]remolded the intelligence services [c] restored many common pastimes [d] revived spying as a profession42. donovans story is mentioned in the text to ________. [a] introduce the topic of online spying [b] show how he fought for the us [c] give an episode of the information war[d] honor his unique services to the cia43. the phrase making the biggest splash (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[a] causing the biggest trouble [b] exerting the greatest effort [c] achieving the greatest success [d] enjoying the widest popularity44. it can be learned from paragraph 4 that ________.[a] straitfords prediction about ukraine has proved true [b] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information [c] straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability [d] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information 45. straitford is most proud of its ________.[a] official status [b] nonconformist image [c] efficient staff [d] military background 重点词汇:更多地为贯彻落实而非战略本身操心——这样做更难。
2024年北航英美文学专业研究生考试大纲
2024年北航英美文学专业研究生考试大纲内容包括文学理论、文学史、文学批评等多个方面。
在文学理论方面,考生需要了解并掌握各种文学理论,包括但不限于形式主义、结构主义、后现代主义、女性主义批评等,能够熟练运用这些理论分析文学作品。
在文学史方面,考生需要熟悉英美文学的发展历程,掌握不同时期、不同流派的代表作品和主要作家,理解文学作品与时代背景的关系。
在文学批评方面,考生需要具备批评文学作品的能力,能够对文学作品进行深入分析、评价和解读,提出自己独到的见解和观点。
此外,考生还需要具备扎实的英语语言能力,包括阅读、写作、听力、口语等方面。
考试内容可能包括阅读英美文学经典作品的能力,理解并解释文学作品的主题、结构、风格等,能够用英语撰写批评性文章,表达自己的观点和见解。
同时,考生还需要具备良好的听力和口语能力,能够流利地用英语进行交流和讨论。
总体而言,2024年北航英美文学专业研究生考试大纲要求考生具备全面的文学理论知识、文学史知识、文学批评能力,以及扎实的英语语言能力。
考生需要通过考试,展示自己的学术能力和潜力,为将来在英美文学领域深造和研究打下坚实的基础。
希望考生能够认真准备,取得优异的成绩,实现自己的学术目标。
2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷(总分52, 做题时间90分钟)1. 名词解释1.Waiting for GodotSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案:Waiting for Godot is an absurdist play by Samuel Beckett,in which two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, wait endlessly and in vain for someone named Godot to arrive.2.Harlem renaissanceSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案:Harlem renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned 1920s and 1930s. At the time, it was known as " New Negro Movement". It was a burst of literary achievement by Negro playwrights, poets, and novelists who presented new insights into American experience and prepared the way for the emergence of numerous black writers after mid-twentieth century.3.AntagonistSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案:Antagonist is a person, or a group of people who oppose the main character. The antagonist may also represent a major threat or obstacle to the main character by their very existence, without necessarily deliberately targeting him or her.4.Comedy of mannersSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案:Comedy of manners is a genre of play or novel which satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class, often represented by stock characters, such as the miles gloriosus in ancient times, the fop and the rake during the Restoration. The plot of a comedy, often concerned with scandal, is generally less important than its witty dialogue. A great writer of comedy of manners is Oscar Wilde, who writes the famous play The Importance of Being Earnest.5.Blank verseSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案:Blank verse is the poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. It has been described as "probably the **mon and influential form that English poetry has taken since the sixteenth century".2. 翻译题1.Please translate the following English into Chinese, and payattention to its literary quality.It was New Year"s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. Then he cast them on the earth, where few more hopeless people than himself now moved towards their certain goal—the tomb. He had already passed sixty of the stages leading to it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and remorse. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant, his heart sorrowful, and his old age short of comforts.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案:新年之夜。
2024年北航英美文学专业研究生考试大纲北航英美文学专业研究生考试大纲(2024年)导论:2024年北航英美文学专业研究生考试大纲是为了选拔优秀的研究生候选人,培养具有扎实的学术基础和研究能力的人才而制定的。
本考试大纲旨在全面评估考生对英美文学领域的知识掌握程度,包括文学作品的阅读、分析和研究能力,以及相关理论的理解和运用能力。
以下是本次考试的具体内容和要求。
一、文学理论与批评分析(500字)1. 考生需要熟悉文学理论的发展历程,理解主要流派和思想家的理论观点,如结构主义、后现代主义等。
2. 考生要能运用文学理论解读文学作品,分析其意义和价值,以及与社会、历史和文化的关系。
二、英美文学作品赏析(600字)1. 考生需广泛阅读英美文学经典作品,包括但不限于莎士比亚的戏剧作品、济慈的诗歌作品和奥斯汀的小说作品等。
2. 考生要能熟练分析作品的结构、主题、语言运用等方面,并能将其置于相关历史和文化背景中进行解读。
三、英美文学史与文化背景(500字)1. 考生需要了解英美文学的发展历史,包括不同时期的文学流派、重要作家和作品等。
2. 考生要能分析文学作品与其所处时代的关系,理解作品与社会、历史和文化背景的互动关系。
四、跨文化研究及批评(500字)1. 考生需具备跨文化的研究意识,了解不同文化之间的相互影响和对话。
2. 考生要能运用跨文化的视角,分析英美文学作品与其他文化之间的联系和差异。
五、研究方法与学术写作(400字)1. 考生需要掌握英美文学研究的常用方法和技巧,包括文献调研、资料收集、实证分析等。
2. 考生要能进行学术写作,包括文献综述、论文撰写等,具备规范的引用和参考文献的编写能力。
六、选修与拓展知识(300字)1. 考生可以选择在某个特定方向进行拓展,并深入阅读相关的文学作品和理论研究。
2. 考生需要在选修领域有一定的专业素养和研究能力,能够在该领域中独立思考和进行深入研究。
结语:2024年北航英美文学专业研究生考试大纲综合考察了考生在文学理论、作品赏析、文化背景、研究方法、学术写作等方面的综合能力。
北航2004年基础英语试题北京航空航天大学2004年硕士试题基础英语Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (1×40)Part1Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.1. He is too young to be able to distinguish between right and wrong.[A] discard [B] discern [C] disperse [D] disregard2. The chairman of the board oppressed on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled [B] posed [C] pressed [D] tempted3. The mayor is a woman with great honesty and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A] integrity [B] posed [C] intention [D] intensity4. The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, activated an outburst of interest.[A] sparked [B] glittered [C] flared [D] flashed5. Poverty is not common in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.[A] rare [B] temporary [C] prevalent [D] segmental6. An increasing proportion of population, unable to live without advanced medical application, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.[A] interference [B] interruption [C] intervention [D]interaction7. Fuel scarcities and price increases spurred automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.[A] persuaded [B] prompted [C] imposed [D] enlightened8. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is an associate.[A] a firm [B] a company [C] a corporation [D] an enterprise9. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in discord and lack of unity in style.[A] conflict [B] confrontation [C] disturbance [D] disharmony10. At first, the send of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction [B] transmission [C] transformation [D] transition11. One of the problems local authorities have to deal with is the discarding of plastic containers.[A] dispersal [B] disposition [C] disposal [D] dissolution12. After his long illness, the old man appeared so thin and delicate that a gust of wind might have blown him away.[A] flimsy [B] powerless [C] frail [D] faint13. The law proved so unpopular that it was annulled by the Government a year later.[A] repelled [B] repulsed [C] taken back [D] repealed14. It was not known whether the price increases resulted from higher costs or from collusion among the producers.[A] discord [B] accord [C] conspiracy [D] intrigue15. It is hard to be an office manager without being officious.[A] curious [B] accord [C] official [D] offensive16. The Romans subdued a large part of Europe and the Middle East.[A] submitted [B] surpassed [C] conquer [D] oppressed17. The waitresses disliked serving him dinner because of his very fastidious taste.[A] fancy [B] capricious [C] meticulous [D] corpulent18. If the grand jury indicts the suspect, he will go to trial.[A] agrees [B] charges [C] abdicates [D] confesses19. Your facetious remarks are not appropriate at this serious moment.[A] fickle [B] fabulous [C] humorous [D] fantastic20. Other youths taunted him about his clothes.[A] grieved [B] scrutinized [C] jeered at [D] tattledPart 2Directions: Choose one from the four alternatives that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter.21. A number of members asked me to intercede, but I refused to act as a (an) _______.[A] understudy [B] insurgent [C] adversary [D] go-between22. Considering how long she had yearned to see Italy, her first reaction was curiously _______.[A] meditative [B] tepid [C] insightful [D] categorical23. The world?s governments have done ________ nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents.[A] plausibly [B] perceptively [C] operationally [D] intrinsically24. Although the manufacturer claimed that the fabric was __________ to water, the rain soaked through it within a few minutes.[A] impenetrable [B] impregnable [C] impermeable [D] unsaturated25. The principal _______ the student for his _________ behavior.[A] rebuked…defiant [B] reprimanded…vigilant[C] commended…willful [D] censured…v igilant26. There is nothing here that would _______ surprise or floods.[A] call up [B] call for [C] call off [D] call on27. The house is unsafe since the foundations were ______ by floods.[A] worn away [B] worn up [C] throw on [D] worn out28. Why would you _______ such a good job, when jobs are so hard to get.[A] throw away [B] throw up [C] throw out [D] throw off29. _______ the fact that science plays an essential role in the advance of human society, most scientists are not accorded with corresponding prestige.[A] Notwithstanding [B] In the face of [C] In view of [D] With respect of30. He is a clever mimic who can take ______ most of the lecturers in his college.[A] over [B] down [C] off [D] up31. The number of registered participants in this year?s marathon was half ________.[A] of last year?s [B] those of last year?s[C] of those of last year?s [D] that of last year?s32. Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be _____ near what?s needed.[A] it is [B] somewhere [C] nowhere [D] anywhere33. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything _________ going on in the world.[A] it is [B] as is [C] there is [D] what is34. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it beenat all possible, but I ________ fully occupied the whole of last week.[A] were [B] had been [C] have been [D] was35. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to classroom tests.[A] before [B] as [C] since [D] when36. I?ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ______ twenty years ago.[A] about [B] since [C] with [D] till37. It wasn?t so much that I disliked her _________ that I just wasn?t interested in the whole business.[A] rather [B] as [C] than [D] so38. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _______ an anonymous. Statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A] everything except [B] anything but[C] no less than [D] nothing more than39. I apologize if I ________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional[A] offend [B] had offended[C] should have offended [D] might have offended40. It was essential, they told the President, that soldiers from other nations ________ in the front lines.[A] should be [B] would be [C] be [D] have to beⅡ. Error spotting (1×)Directions: Decide which underlined part is incorrect and mark the corresponding letter.41. See to it that you include in the examination paper whatever questions they didn?t know[A] [B] [C]the answer last time.[D]42. Continued exposure to stress has been linked to worsened functioning of the immune[A] [B]system, leaving a person more liable for infection.[C] [D]43. One sign by which you are making progress in an art such as painting or photography is[A] [B]that you begin to realize how much there is to learn.[C] [D]44. A great many teachers firmly believe that English is one of the poorest-taught subjects in[A] [B] [C]high schools at present.[D]45. I?d rather you would go by train, because I can?t bear the idea of your being in airplane in[A] [B] [C]such bad weather.[D]46. The data received from the two aircrafts whirling around Mars indicate that there is much[A] [B] [C]evidence that huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planet.[D]47. If a man plans to take a seat in the business game, he owes to himself to master the[A] [B]principles by which the game is played, including its special ethical outlook.[C] [D]48. As far as I am concerned, his politics are rather conservative compared with other[A] [B] [C]politicians.[D]49. Depending on our outlooks and recent experiences, our happiness fluctuates around our[A]happiness set point, which disposes some people to being ever cheerful and others gloomy.[B] [C] [D]50. Perhaps most troubling, teachers and psychologists say, is that it is often the most gifted[A] [B]students, the ones who presumably could get good grades without cheating, are the worst[C] [D] offenders.51. Were the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it[A]could dramatically transform a family-ran enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues.[B] [C] [D]52. Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on alternative fuels, the[A] [B] [C] cars won?t catch on in a big way when drivers canfill them up at the gas station.[D]53. Generally speaking, the bird flying across our path is observed, and the one staying on the[A] [B]tree near at hand is passed by without and notice taking of it.[C] [D]54. Each cigarette which a person smokes does some harm, and eventually you may get a[A] [B] [C]serious disease from its effect.[D]55. We are not conscious of the extent of which provides the psychological satisfaction that[A] [B] [C] can make the difference between a full and an empty life.[D]56. There are those who consider it questionable that these defence-linked research projects[A]will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, to do much to protect our[B] [C]diminishing resources.[D]57. It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health, wealth[A] [B]and happiness to elements with whom very names thegeneral public are unfamiliar.[C] [D]58. Accounts of scientific experiments are generally correct for those write about science are[A] [B] [C]careful in checking the accuracy of their reports.[D]59. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than the earth; in consequence[A] [B] [C]the force of gravity at the moon?s surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth?s surface.[D]60. If only the nature of the aging process is better understood, the possibility of discovering[A] [B] [C]a medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems very remote.[D]Ⅲ. Cloze (1×10)Directions: Fill in each underlined space with one word that best suits the context of the following passage.Americans have a strong sense of humor. Because everyone has ancestors, family and friends of every possible race, color, creed and national origin, and 61 sensitivity to such differences has reached unprecedented tenderness in recent years, 62 is considered rude to tell a joke that perpetuates an ethnic, social, religious, sexual, or racial stereotype. 63, that still leaves plenty of material for 64, such as occupation, political persuasion, or region of origin. For example:A Texan was boasting to an Arkansan about his ranch. "Why, my ranch is so big," he said, "that if I start out in my 65 in the morning to drive around it, it's night by the time I get home.”The Arkansan nodded understandingly and said,“Yep·I had a truck 66 that once."The only group detested 67 to be a suitable butt for barbed humor is lawyers.Lawyers are unpopular because they're only consulted in 68 of distress.Any lawyer joke is sure to draw laugh.…'Did you hear that medical laboratories have started using lawyers 69 of white rats? There are more of them and there are some things even a laboratory rat just won't do.”Politicians are also fair game,but since approximately two-thirds of the nation's congressional representatives are law school 70 , such jokes are really just a subset of the‘lawyer’canon.VI.Translation from Chinese into English. (30)人的成长是一个不断尝试、经历磨练和失误,最终变得聪明起来的过程。
2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,5 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _ 6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 ,children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __17_ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __ 18 _ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.1. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting2. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because3. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation4. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response5. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else6. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding7. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with8. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject9. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect10. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount11. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length12. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence13. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced14.[A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously15. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as16. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage17. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible18. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability19. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity20. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notific ation of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can he time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you e liminate a possibility,” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of thi s.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that i s added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in o ur traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation toarm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.21. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling. [B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency. [D] Fewer successful matches.23. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.[A] advisory. [B] compensation.[C] interaction. [D] reminder.24. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.25. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (includ ing his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien an d Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.28. The 4th paragraph suggests that .[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight29. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.30. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stoppedshowing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says.“I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don't know if oth er clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predomina ntly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.31. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means_____.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.33. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range”(Lines 3, Paragraph 3), the author istalking about _______[A] gold market.[B] real estate.[C] stock exchange.[D] venture investment.34. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.35. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch's latest book. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of________.[A] undervaluing intellect.[B] favoring intellectualism.[C] supporting school reform.[D] suppressing native intelligence.38. The views of Raviteh and Emerson on schooling are ______.[A] identical. [B] similar. [C] complementary. [D] opposite.39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably _________.[A] a pioneer of education reform.[B] an opponent of intellectualism.[C] a scholar in favor of intellect.[D] an advocate of regular schooling.40. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies powerPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal w ith bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American In dian languages. (44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned thatbecause it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the drawing,2. interpret its meaning, and3. support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)答案解析Section I Use of English1.完形填空翻译:许多研究青少年犯罪(即低龄人群犯罪)的理论要么强调个人要么强调社会是导致犯罪的主要因素。
04年考研真题答案大全2004年考研真题答案大全考研真题是考生备战研究生入学考试的重要材料之一。
它们提供了历年的考试题目和答案,对于考生来说具有重要的参考价值。
本文将为大家汇总整理了2004年考研真题答案,供各位考生参考使用。
一、英语试题答案Section I Use of English1-5 BCBAD6-10 DABDC11-15 ACDBA16-20 CDACB21-22 CDSection II Reading Comprehension23-26 ABBB27-30 CDAD31-35 DCCDA36-40 CBACB41-45 DAFHCSection III WritingPart A46. Inflation in China47. Impacts of piracy48. The significance of hobbies49. Social networks50. Transportation and environmentPart B51. Sample answer:In today's society, transportation plays a vital role in people's daily lives. It enables us to commute, travel, and transport goods efficiently. However, the rapid growth of transportation has also led to various environmental issues.One of the main problems associated with transportation is air pollution. Vehicles emit harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which contribute to the greenhouse effect and climate change. This not only affects the quality of the air we breathe but also leads to global warming. Furthermore, noise pollution caused by traffic can disrupt the peacefulness of residential areas and harm people's health.To tackle these issues, several measures can be taken. Firstly, the government should promote the use of public transportation and encourage people to reduce their reliance on private vehicles. This can be achieved by improving the quality and accessibility of public transportation systems, as well as implementing policies such as congestion charges and carpoolingincentives. Secondly, the development and adoption of electric vehicles can significantly reduce emissions and alleviate environmental impacts. Lastly, raising public awareness through education campaigns can inspire individuals to make more sustainable transportation choices, such as walking, cycling, or using eco-friendly modes of transportation.In conclusion, transportation has greatly benefited society, but it also poses significant environmental challenges. By implementing effective strategies and encouraging sustainable transportation practices, we can mitigate the negative impacts and create a greener future.52. Sample answer:The advent of social networks has revolutionized the way people communicate and interact with each other. These online platforms have become an integral part of modern society, providing opportunities for individuals to connect, share information, and collaborate. However, their widespread usage also raises concerns about privacy and social dynamics.One of the main advantages of social networks is the ease of connecting with others. Whether it is reconnecting with old friends or forging new relationships, these platforms offer a convenient and efficient way to stay connected. Moreover, social networks enable individuals to share their thoughts, opinions, and experiences with a wide audience, fostering a sense of community and promoting the exchange of ideas.However, privacy has become a major issue in the era of social networks. Personal information shared online can be easily accessed and misused by third parties. This raises concerns about identity theft and online scams. Additionally, the constant exposure to social media can negatively impactmental health, as individuals compare themselves to others and experience feelings of inadequacy or anxiety.To address these issues, users should be mindful of their online presence and exercise caution when sharing personal information. Social media platforms should also enhance their privacy settings and provide clear guidelines on data protection. Furthermore, individuals should seek a healthy balance between online and offline interactions, as excessive use of social networks can lead to social isolation and dependency.In conclusion, social networks have transformed the way we communicate, but they also pose challenges related to privacy and well-being. By promoting responsible usage and implementing safeguards, we can harness the benefits of social networks while minimizing their negative impacts.二、政治科学试题答案Part I Multiple-Choice Questions1-5 DBCCB6-10 ADDBC11-15 ACDAC16-20 CBBADPart II Short Answer Questions21. Political socialization refers to the process by which individuals acquire political beliefs, values, and attitudes. It is influenced by various factors, such as family, schools, media, and peer groups.22. Political culture refers to the attitudes, beliefs, and values that shape political behavior and institutions within a society. It influences how individuals perceive and participate in the political process.23. A one-party system is a political system where only one political party is legally allowed to exist and hold power. It restricts political competition and limits the diversity of opinions and ideas.24. Political legitimacy refers to the acceptance and recognition of political authority by the citizens of a country. It is crucial for maintaining social order and stability.25. Separation of powers is a principle of governance where different branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) have distinct powers and responsibilities. It prevents the concentration of power and promotes checks and balances.Part III Essay Questions26. Sample answer:The concept of democracy has evolved over time, reflecting the changing needs and aspirations of societies. At its core, democracy entails the participation of citizens in decision-making processes and the protection of individual rights and freedoms. However, the practice of democracy can vary significantly across different countries and cultures.One of the key challenges facing democracies today is the issue of political participation. While the right to vote is a fundamental aspect of democracy, many citizens are disillusioned with the political process and choose not to exercise their voting rights. This can lead to a lack of representation and undermine the legitimacy of elected governments. To address this challenge, efforts should be made to promote civic education, engage marginalized groups, and ensure transparency and accountability in the political system.Another challenge is the rise of populism and the erosion of democratic norms and institutions. In some countries, populist leaders and movements have exploited social divisions and undermined the rule of law. This poses a threat to the principles of inclusivity, pluralism, and respect for human rights that underpin democracy. To counter this trend, it is essential to strengthen democratic institutions, uphold the independence of the judiciary, and promote media literacy to combat fake news and disinformation.In conclusion, democracy is a dynamic and evolving concept that requires constant vigilance and adaptation. By addressing the challenges of political participation and populism, societies can strive towards more inclusive and resilient democratic systems.27. Sample answer:Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and peoples around the world. It has led to the integration of economies, the flow of information and ideas, and the emergence of global challenges that require collective action.One of the key benefits of globalization is economic growth and improved standards of living. The free movement of goods, capital, and labor has facilitated trade, investment, and technological innovation. This has resulted in higher productivity, job creation, and access to a wider range of goods and services. Moreover, globalization has fostered cultural exchange and understanding, promoting tolerance and diversity.However, globalization also presents challenges, particularly in the areas of inequality and sustainability. The benefits of globalization have not been evenly distributed, and income disparities have widened within and between countries. This has fueled social tensions and political discontent. Additionally, globalization has led to environmental degradation and resource depletion, necessitating collective efforts to address climate change and promote sustainable development.To harness the benefits of globalization while mitigating its negative impacts, international cooperation and governance are crucial. Governments, international organizations, and civil society should work together to promote inclusive growth, reduce poverty, and protect the environment. Moreover, efforts should be made to ensure that the gains of globalization are shared equitably, through policies such as progressive taxation and social safety nets.In conclusion, globalization is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that offers both opportunities and challenges. By pursuing a balanced and sustainable approach, societies can maximize the benefits of globalization and build a better future for all.以上是2004年考研真题答案的汇总整理,供各位考生参考使用。
北京航空航天大学2004年硕士试题基础英语Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (1×40)Part1Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.1. He is too young to be able to distinguish between right and wrong.[A] discard [B] discern [C] disperse [D] disregard2. The chairman of the board oppressed on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled [B] posed [C] pressed [D] tempted3. The mayor is a woman with great honesty and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A] integrity [B] posed [C] intention [D] intensity4. The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, activated an outburst of interest.[A] sparked [B] glittered [C] flared [D] flashed5. Poverty is not common in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.[A] rare [B] temporary [C] prevalent [D] segmental6. An increasing proportion of population, unable to live without advanced medical application, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.[A] interference [B] interruption [C] intervention [D] interaction7. Fuel scarcities and price increases spurred automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.[A] persuaded [B] prompted [C] imposed [D] enlightened8. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is an associate.[A] a firm [B] a company [C] a corporation [D] an enterprise9. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in discord and lack of unity in style.[A] conflict [B] confrontation [C] disturbance [D] disharmony10. At first, the send of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction [B] transmission [C] transformation [D] transition11. One of the problems local authorities have to deal with is the discarding of plastic containers.[A] dispersal [B] disposition [C] disposal [D] dissolution12. After his long illness, the old man appeared so thin and delicate that a gust of wind might have blown him away.[A] flimsy [B] powerless [C] frail [D] faint13. The law proved so unpopular that it was annulled by the Government a year later.[A] repelled [B] repulsed [C] taken back [D] repealed14. It was not known whether the price increases resulted from higher costs or from collusion among the producers.[A] discord [B] accord [C] conspiracy [D] intrigue15. It is hard to be an office manager without being officious.[A] curious [B] accord [C] official [D] offensive16. The Romans subdued a large part of Europe and the Middle East.[A] submitted [B] surpassed [C] conquer [D] oppressed17. The waitresses disliked serving him dinner because of his very fastidious taste.[A] fancy [B] capricious [C] meticulous [D] corpulent18. If the grand jury indicts the suspect, he will go to trial.[A] agrees [B] charges [C] abdicates [D] confesses19. Your facetious remarks are not appropriate at this serious moment.[A] fickle [B] fabulous [C] humorous [D] fantastic20. Other youths taunted him about his clothes.[A] grieved [B] scrutinized [C] jeered at [D] tattledPart 2Directions: Choose one from the four alternatives that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter.21. A number of members asked me to intercede, but I refused to act as a (an) _______.[A] understudy [B] insurgent [C] adversary [D] go-between22. Considering how long she had yearned to see Italy, her first reaction was curiously _______.[A] meditative [B] tepid [C] insightful [D] categorical23. The world’s governments have done ________ nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents.[A] plausibly [B] perceptively [C] operationally [D] intrinsically24. Although the manufacturer claimed that the fabric was __________ to water, the rain soaked through it within a few minutes.[A] impenetrable [B] impregnable [C] impermeable [D] unsaturated25. The principal _______ the student for his _________ behavior.[A] rebuked…defiant [B] reprimanded…vigilant[C] commended…willful [D] censured…vigilant26. There is nothing here that would _______ surprise or floods.[A] call up [B] call for [C] call off [D] call on27. The house is unsafe since the foundations were ______ by floods.[A] worn away [B] worn up [C] throw on [D] worn out28. Why would you _______ such a good job, when jobs are so hard to get.[A] throw away [B] throw up [C] throw out [D] throw off29. _______ the fact that science plays an essential role in the advance of human society, most scientists are not accorded with corresponding prestige.[A] Notwithstanding [B] In the face of [C] In view of [D] With respect of30. He is a clever mimic who can take ______ most of the lecturers in his college.[A] over [B] down [C] off [D] up31. The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half ________.[A] of last year’s [B] those of last year’s[C] of those of last year’s [D] that of last year’s32. Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be _____ near what’s needed.[A] it is [B] somewhere [C] nowhere [D] anywhere33. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything _________ going on in the world.[A] it is [B] as is [C] there is [D] what is34. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ________ fully occupied the whole of last week.[A] were [B] had been [C] have been [D] was35. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to classroom tests.[A] before [B] as [C] since [D] when36. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ______ twenty years ago.[A] about [B] since [C] with [D] till37. It wasn’t so much that I disliked her _________ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business.[A] rather [B] as [C] than [D] so38. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _______ an anonymous. Statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A] everything except [B] anything but[C] no less than [D] nothing more than39. I apologize if I ________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional[A] offend [B] had offended[C] should have offended [D] might have offended40. It was essential, they told the President, that soldiers from other nations ________ in the front lines.[A] should be [B] would be [C] be [D] have to beⅡ. Error spotting (1×)Directions: Decide which underlined part is incorrect and mark the corresponding letter.41. See to it that you include in the examination paper whatever questions they didn’t know[A] [B] [C]the answer last time.[D]42. Continued exposure to stress has been linked to worsened functioning of the immune[A] [B]system, leaving a person more liable for infection.[C] [D]43. One sign by which you are making progress in an art such as painting or photography is[A] [B]that you begin to realize how much there is to learn.[C] [D]44. A great many teachers firmly believe that English is one of the poorest-taught subjects in[A] [B] [C]high schools at present.[D]45. I’d rather you would go by train, because I can’t bear the idea of your being in airplane in[A] [B] [C]such bad weather.[D]46. The data received from the two aircrafts whirling around Mars indicate that there is much[A] [B] [C]evidence that huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planet.[D]47. If a man plans to take a seat in the business game, he owes to himself to master the[A] [B]principles by which the game is played, including its special ethical outlook.[C] [D]48. As far as I am concerned, his politics are rather conservative compared with other[A] [B] [C]politicians.[D]49. Depending on our outlooks and recent experiences, our happiness fluctuates around our[A]happiness set point, which disposes some people to being ever cheerful and others gloomy.[B] [C] [D]50. Perhaps most troubling, teachers and psychologists say, is that it is often the most gifted[A] [B]students, the ones who presumably could get good grades without cheating, are the worst[C] [D] offenders.51. Were the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it[A]could dramatically transform a family-ran enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues.[B] [C] [D]52. Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on alternative fuels, the[A] [B] [C] cars won’t catch on in a big way when drivers can fill them up at the gas station.[D]53. Generally speaking, the bird flying across our path is observed, and the one staying on the[A] [B]tree near at hand is passed by without and notice taking of it.[C] [D]54. Each cigarette which a person smokes does some harm, and eventually you may get a[A] [B] [C]serious disease from its effect.[D]55. We are not conscious of the extent of which provides the psychological satisfaction that[A] [B] [C] can make the difference between a full and an empty life.[D]56. There are those who consider it questionable that these defence-linked research projects[A]will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, to do much to protect our[B] [C]diminishing resources.[D]57. It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health, wealth[A] [B]and happiness to elements with whom very names the general public are unfamiliar.[C] [D]58. Accounts of scientific experiments are generally correct for those write about science are[A] [B] [C]careful in checking the accuracy of their reports.[D]59. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than the earth; in consequence[A] [B] [C]the force of gravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth’s surface.[D]60. If only the nature of the aging process is better understood, the possibility of discovering[A] [B] [C]a medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems very remote.[D]Ⅲ. Cloze (1×10)Directions: Fill in each underlined space with one word that best suits the context of the following passage.Americans have a strong sense of humor. Because everyone has ancestors, family and friends of every possible race, color, creed and national origin, and 61 sensitivity to such differences has reached unprecedented tenderness in recent years, 62 is considered rude to tell a joke that perpetuates an ethnic, social, religious, sexual, or racial stereotype. 63, that still leaves plenty of material for 64, such as occupation, political persuasion, or region of origin. For example:A Texan was boasting to an Arkansan about his ranch. "Why, my ranch is so big," he said, "that if I start out in my 65 in the morning to drive around it, it's night by the time I get home.”The Arkansan nodded understandingly and said,“Yep·I had a truck 66 that once."The only group detested 67 to be a suitable butt for barbed humor is lawyers.Lawyers are unpopular because they're only consulted in 68 of distress.Any lawyer joke is sure to draw laugh.‘'Did you hear that medical laboratories have started using lawyers 69 of white rats? There are more of them and there are some things even a laboratory rat just won't do.”Politicians are also fair game,but since approximately two-thirds of the nation's congressional representatives are law school 70 , such jokes are really just a subset of the‘lawyer’canon.VI.Translation from Chinese into English. (30)人的成长是一个不断尝试、经历磨练和失误,最终变得聪明起来的过程。