ADC0831/ADC0832/ADC0834/ADC08388-Bit Serial I/O A/D Converters with Multiplexer OptionsGeneral DescriptionThe ADC0831series are 8-bit successive approximation A/D converters with a serial I/O and configurable input multiplex-ers with up to 8channels.The serial I/O is configured to comply with the NSC MICROWIRE ™serial data exchange standard for easy interface to the COPS ™family of proces-sors,and can interface with standard shift registers or µPs.The 2-,4-or 8-channel multiplexers are software configured for single-ended or differential inputs as well as channel as-signment.The differential analog voltage input allows increasing the common-mode rejection and offsetting the analog zero input voltage value.In addition,the voltage reference input can be adjusted to allow encoding any smaller analog voltage span to the full 8bits of resolution.Featuresn NSC MICROWIRE compatible —direct interface to COPS family processorsn Easy interface to all microprocessors,or operates “stand-alone”n Operates ratiometrically or with 5V DC voltage referencen No zero or full-scale adjust requiredn 2-,4-or 8-channel multiplexer options with address logic n Shunt regulator allows operation with high voltage suppliesn 0V to 5V input range with single 5V power supply n Remote operation with serial digital data link n TTL/MOS input/output compatiblen 0.3"standard width,8-,14-or 20-pin DIP package n 20Pin Molded Chip Carrier Package (ADC0838only)n Surface-Mount PackageKey Specificationsn Resolution8Bitsn Total Unadjusted Error ±1⁄2LSB and ±1LSBn Single Supply 5V DC n Low Power15mW nConversion Time32µsTypical ApplicationTRI-STATE ®is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.COPS ™and MICROWIRE ™are trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation.DS005583-1August 1999ADC0831/ADC0832/ADC0834/ADC08388-Bit Serial I/O A/D Converters with Multiplexer Options©1999National Semiconductor Corporation Connection DiagramsADC08388-Channel MuxSmall Outline/Dual-In-Line Package(WM and N)DS005583-8Top ViewADC08344-Channel MUXSmall Outline/Dual-In-Line Package(WM and N)DS005583-30COM internally connected to A GND Top ViewTop ViewADC08322-Channel MUX Dual-In-Line Package (N)DS005583-31COM internally connected to GND.V REF internally connected to V CC .Top ViewTop ViewADC08322-Channel MUX Small Outline Package (WM)DS005583-41Top ViewADC0831Single Differential Input Dual-In-Line Package (N)DS005583-32Top ViewADC0831Single Differential Input Small Outline Package (WM)DS005583-42Top ViewADC08388-Channel MUX Molded Chip Carrier (PCC)Package (V)DS005583-33 2Ordering InformationPart Number Analog Input Total Package TemperatureChannels Unadjusted Error RangeADC0831CCN1±1Molded(N)0˚C to+70˚CADC0831CCWM SO(M)0˚C to+70˚CADC0832CIWM2±1SO(M)−40˚C to+85˚CADC0832CCN Molded(N)0˚C to+70˚CADC0832CCWM SO(M)0˚C to+70˚CADC0834BCN4±1⁄2Molded(N)0˚C to+70˚CADC0834CCN±1Molded(N)0˚C to+70˚CADC0834CCWM SO(M)0˚C to+70˚CADC0838BCV8±1⁄2PCC(V)0˚C to+70˚CADC0838CCV±1PCC(V)0˚C to+70˚CADC0838CCN Molded(N)0˚C to+70˚CADC0838CIWM SO(M)−40˚C to+85˚CADC0838CCWM SO(M)0˚C to+70˚CSee NS Package Number M14B,M20B,N08E,N14A,N20A or V20A3Absolute Maximum Ratings(Notes1,2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications.Current into V+(Note3)15mA Supply Voltage,V CC(Note3) 6.5V VoltageLogic Inputs−0.3V to V CC+0.3V Analog Inputs−0.3V to V CC+0.3V Input Current per Pin(Note4)±5mA Package±20mA Storage Temperature−65˚C to+150˚C Package Dissipationat T A=25˚C(Board Mount)0.8W Lead Temperature(Soldering10sec.)Dual-In-Line Package(Plastic)260˚C Molded Chip Carrier PackageVapor Phase(60sec.)215˚C Infrared(15sec.)220˚C ESD Susceptibility(Note5)2000V Operating Ratings(Notes1,2)Supply Voltage,V CC 4.5V DC to6.3V DC Temperature Range T MIN≤T A≤T MAX ADC0832/8CIWM−40˚C to+85˚C ADC0834BCN,ADC0838BCV,ADC0831/2/4/8CCN,ADC0838CCV,ADC0831/2/4/8CCWM0˚C to+70˚CConverter and Multiplexer Electrical Characteristics The following specifications apply for V CC=V+=V REF=5V,V REF≤V CC+0.1V,T A=T j=25˚C,and f CLK=250kHz unless otherwise specified.Boldface limits apply from T MIN to T MAX.Parameter Conditions CIWM Devices BCV,CCV,CCWM,BCNand CCN DevicesTyp Tested Design Typ Tested Design Units (Note12)Limit Limit(Note12)Limit Limit(Note13)(Note14)(Note13)(Note14)CONVERTER AND MULTIPLEXER CHARACTERISTICSTotal Unadjusted Error V REF=5.00VADC0838BCV(Note6)±1⁄2±1⁄2ADC0834BCN±1⁄2±1⁄2LSB(Max) ADC0838CCV±1±1ADC0831/2/4/8CCN±1±1ADC0831/2/4/8CCWM±1±1ADC0832/8CIWM±1Minimum Reference 3.5 1.3 3.5 1.3 1.3kΩInput Resistance(Note7)Maximum Reference 3.5 5.9 3.5 5.4 5.9kΩInput Resistance(Note7)Maximum Common-ModeInput Range(Note8)V CC+0.05V CC+0.05V CC+0.05VMinimum Common-ModeInput Range(Note8)GND−0.05GND−0.05GND−0.05V DC Common-Mode Error±1/16±1⁄4±1/16±1⁄4±1⁄4LSB Change in zero15mA into V+error from V CC=5V V CC=N.C.to internal zener V REF=5Voperation(Note3)111LSB V Z,internal MIN15mA into V+ 6.3 6.3 6.3diode breakdown MAX8.58.58.5V (at V+)(Note3)Power Supply Sensitivity V CC=5V±5%±1/16±1⁄4±1⁄4±1/16±1⁄4±1⁄4LSBI OFF,Off Channel Leakage On Channel=5V,−0.2−0.2−1µACurrent(Note9)Off Channel=0V−1On Channel=0V,+0.2+0.2+1µAOff Channel=5V+14Converter and Multiplexer Electrical Characteristics The following specifications apply for V CC=V+=V REF=5V,V REF≤V CC+0.1V,T A=T j=25˚C,and f CLK=250kHz unless otherwise specified.Boldface limits apply from T MIN to T MAX.(Continued)Parameter Conditions CIWM Devices BCV,CCV,CCWM,BCNand CCN DevicesTyp Tested Design Typ Tested Design Units (Note12)Limit Limit(Note12)Limit Limit(Note13)(Note14)(Note13)(Note14)CONVERTER AND MULTIPLEXER CHARACTERISTICSI ON,On Channel Leakage On Channel=0V,−0.2−0.2−1µA Current(Note9)Off Channel=5V−1On Channel=5V,+0.2+0.2+1µAOff Channel=0V+1DIGITAL AND DC CHARACTERISTICSV IN(1),Logical“1”Input V CC=5.25V 2.0 2.0 2.0V Voltage(Min)V IN(0),Logical“0”Input V CC=4.75V0.80.80.8V Voltage(Max)I IN(1),Logical“1”Input V IN=5.0V0.00510.00511µA Current(Max)I IN(0),Logical“0”Input V IN=0V−0.005−1−0.005−1−1µA Current(Max)V OUT(1),Logical“1”Output V CC=4.75VVoltage(Min)I OUT=−360µA 2.4 2.4 2.4VI OUT=−10µA 4.5 4.5 4.5VV OUT(0),Logical“0”Output V CC=4.75V0.40.40.4V Voltage(Max)I OUT=1.6mAI OUT,TRI-STATE Output V OUT=0V−0.1−3−0.1−3−3µA Current(Max)V OUT=5V0.130.1+3+3µAI SOURCE,Output Source V OUT=0V−14−6.5−14−7.5−6.5mA Current(Min)I SINK,Output Sink Current(Min)V OUT=V CC168.0169.08.0mAI CC,Supply Current(Max)ADC0831,ADC0834,0.9 2.50.9 2.5 2.5mA ADC0838ADC0832Includes Ladder 2.3 6.5 2.3 6.5 6.5mACurrentAC CharacteristicsThe following specifications apply for V CC=5V,t r=t f=20ns and25˚C unless otherwise specified.Typ Tested Design Limit Parameter Conditions(Note12)Limit Limit Units(Note13)(Note14)f CLK,Clock Frequency Min10kHzMax400kHzt C,Conversion Time Not including MUX Addressing Time81/f CLK Clock Duty Cycle Min40% (Note10)Max60%t SET-UP,CS Falling Edge or250ns Data Input Valid to CLKRising Edget HOLD,Data Input Valid90ns after CLK Rising Edge5AC Characteristics(Continued)The following specifications apply for V CC =5V,t r =t f =20ns and 25˚C unless otherwise specified.TypTested Design Limit ParameterConditions(Note 12)Limit Limit Units(Note 13)(Note 14)t pd1,t pd0—CLK Falling C L =100pF Edge to Output Data Valid Data MSB First 6501500ns (Note 11)Data LSB First 250600ns t 1H ,t 0H ,—Rising Edge of C L =10pF,R L =10k125250ns CS to Data Output and (see TRI-STATE ®Test Circuits)SARS Hi–ZC L =100pf,R L =2k500ns C IN ,Capacitance of Logic 5pF InputC OUT ,Capacitance of Logic 5pFOutputsNote 1:Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur.DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device beyond its specified operating conditions.Note 2:All voltages are measured with respect to the ground plugs.Note 3:Internal zener diodes (6.3to 8.5V)are connected from V+to GND and V CC to GND.The zener at V+can operate as a shunt regulator and is connected to V CC via a conventional diode.Since the zener voltage equals the A/D’s breakdown voltage,the diode insures that V CC will be below breakdown when the device is powered from V+.Functionality is therefore guaranteed for V+operation even though the resultant voltage at V CC may exceed the specified Absolute Max of 6.5V.It is recommended that a resistor be used to limit the max current into V+.(See Figure 3in Functional Description Section 6.0)Note 4:When the input voltage (V IN )at any pin exceeds the power supply rails (V IN <V −or V IN >V +)the absolute value of current at that pin should be limited to 5mA or less.The 20mA package input current limits the number of pins that can exceed the power supply boundaries with a 5mA current limit to four.Note 5:Human body model,100pF discharged through a 1.5k Ωresistor.Note 6:Total unadjusted error includes offset,full-scale,linearity,and multiplexer errors.Note 7:Cannot be tested for ADC0832.Note 8:For V IN (−)≥V IN (+)the digital output code will be 00000000.Two on-chip diodes are tied to each analog input (see Block Diagram)which will forward conduct for analog input voltages one diode drop below ground or one diode drop greater than the V CC supply.Be careful,during testing at low V CC levels (4.5V),as high level analog inputs (5V)can cause this input diode to conduct —especially at elevated temperatures,and cause errors for analog inputs near full-scale.The spec allows 50mV forward bias of either diode.This means that as long as the analog V IN or V REF does not exceed the supply voltage by more than 50mV,the output code will be correct.To achieve an absolute 0V DC to 5V DC input voltage range will therefore require a minimum supply voltage of 4.950V DC over temperature varia-tions,initial tolerance and loading.Note 9:Leakage current is measured with the clock not switching.Note 10:A 40%to 60%clock duty cycle range insures proper operation at all clock frequencies.In the case that an available clock has a duty cycle outside of these limits,the minimum,time the clock is high or the minimum time the clock is low must be at least 1µs.The maximum time the clock can be high is 60µs.The clock can be stopped when low so long as the analog input voltage remains stable.Note 11:Since data,MSB first,is the output of the comparator used in the successive approximation loop,an additional delay is built in (see Block Diagram)to allow for comparator response time.Note 12:Typicals are at 25˚C and represent most likely parametric norm.Note 13:Tested limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).Note 14:Guaranteed but not 100%production tested.These limits are not used to calculate outgoing quality levels.Typical Performance CharacteristicsUnadjusted Offset Error vs V REF VoltageDS005583-43Linearity Error vs V REF VoltageDS005583-44Linearity Error vs TemperatureDS005583-45 6Typical Performance Characteristics(Continued)Leakage Current Test CircuitLinearity Error vs f CLKDS005583-46Power Supply Current vs Temperature (ADC0838,ADC0831,ADC0834)DS005583-47Note:For ADC0832add I REF .Output Current vs TemperatureDS005583-48Power Supply Current vs f CLKDS005583-29DS005583-37TRI-STATE Test Circuits and WaveformsTiming Diagramst 1HDS005583-49t 0HDS005583-50t 1H DS005583-51t 0HDS005583-52Data Input TimingDS005583-24Data Output TimingDS005583-25ADC0831Start Conversion TimingDS005583-26 8Timing Diagrams(Continued)ADC0831TimingDS005583-27*LSB first output not available on ADC0831.ADC0832TimingDS005583-28ADC0834TimingDS005583-59Timing Diagrams(Continued)A D C 0838T i m i n gD S 005583-6*M a k e s u r e c l o c k e d g e #18c l o c k s i n t h e L S B b e f o r e S E i s t a k e n l o w10ADC0838Functional Block DiagramD S 005583-7*S o m e o f t h e s e f u n c t i o n s /p i n s a r e n o t a v a i l a b l e w i t h o t h e r o p t i o n s .N o t e 1:F o r t h e A D C 0834,D 1i s i n p u t d i r e c t l y t o t h e D i n p u t o f S E L E C T 1.S E L E C T 0i s f o r c e d t o a “1”.F o r t h e A D C 0832,D I i s i n p u t d i r e c t l y t o t h e D I i n p u t o f O D D /S I G N .S E L E C T 0i s f o r c e d t o a “0”a n d S E L E C T 1i s f o r c e d t o a “1”.11Functional Description 1.0MULTIPLEXER ADDRESSINGThe design of these converters utilizes a sample-data com-parator structure which provides for a differential analog in-put to be converted by a successive approximation routine. The actual voltage converted is always the difference be-tween an assigned“+”input terminal and a“−”input terminal. The polarity of each input terminal of the pair being con-verted indicates which line the converter expects to be the most positive.If the assigned“+”input is less than the“−”in-put the converter responds with an all zeros output code.A unique input multiplexing scheme has been utilized to pro-vide multiple analog channels with software-configurable single-ended,differential,or a new pseudo-differential option which will convert the difference between the voltage at any analog input and a common terminal.The analog signal con-ditioning required in transducer-based data acquisition sys-tems is significantly simplified with this type of input flexibility. One converter package can now handle ground referenced inputs and true differential inputs as well as signals with some arbitrary reference voltage.A particular input configuration is assigned during the MUX addressing sequence,prior to the start of a conversion.The MUX address selects which of the analog inputs are to be enabled and whether this input is single-ended or differential.In the differential case,it also assigns the polarity of the channels.Differential inputs are restricted to adjacent chan-nel pairs.For example channel0and channel1may be se-lected as a different pair but channel0or1cannot act differ-entially with any other channel.In addition to selecting differential mode the sign may also be selected.Channel0 may be selected as the positive input and channel1as the negative input or vice versa.This programmability is best il-lustrated by the MUX addressing codes shown in the follow-ing tables for the various product options.The MUX address is shifted into the converter via the DI line. Because the ADC0831contains only one differential input channel with a fixed polarity assignment,it does not require addressing.The common input line on the ADC0838can be used as a pseudo-differential input.In this mode,the voltage on this pin is treated as the“−”input for any of the other input channels. This voltage does not have to be analog ground;it can be any reference potential which is common to all of the inputs. This feature is most useful in single-supply application where the analog circuitry may be biased up to a potential other than ground and the output signals are all referred to this potential.TABLE1.Multiplexer/Package OptionsPart Number of Analog Channels Number ofNumber Single-Ended Differential Package PinsADC0831118ADC0832218ADC08344214ADC08388420 12Functional Description(Continued)TABLE2.MUX Addressing:ADC0838Single-Ended MUX ModeMUX Address Analog Single-Ended Channel#SGL/ODD/SELECT01234567COMDIF SIGN101000+−1001+−1010+−1011+−1100+−1101+−1110+−1111+−TABLE3.MUX Addressing:ADC0838Differential MUX ModeMUX Address Analog Differential Channel-Pair#SGL/ODD/SELECT0123DIF SIGN10012345670000+−0001+−0010+−0011+−0100−+0101−+0110−+0111−+TABLE4.MUX Addressing:ADC0834Single-Ended MUX ModeMUX Address Channel#SGL/ODD/SELECTDIF SIGN10123100+101+110+111+COM is internally tied to A GNDTABLE5.MUX Addressing:ADC0834Differential MUX ModeMUX Address Channel#SGL/ODD/SELECTDIF SIGN10123000+−001+−010−+011−+13Functional Description(Continued)TABLE6.MUX Addressing:ADC0832Single-Ended MUX ModeMUX Address Channel#SGL/ODD/01DIF SIGN10+11+COM is internally tied to A GNDTABLE7.MUX Addressing:ADC0832Differential MUX ModeMUX Address Channel#SGL/ODD/01DIF SIGN00+−01−+Since the input configuration is under software control,it can be modified,as required,at each conversion.A channel can be treated as a single-ended,ground referenced input for one conversion;then it can be reconfigured as part of a dif-ferential channel for another conversion.Figure1illustrates the input flexibility which can be achieved.The analog input voltages for each channel can range from 50mV below ground to50mV above V CC(typically5V)with-out degrading conversion accuracy.2.0THE DIGITAL INTERFACEA most important characteristic of these converters is their serial data link with the controlling ing a serial communication format offers two very significant system im-provements;it allows more function to be included in the converter package with no increase in package size and it can eliminate the transmission of low level analog signals by locating the converter right at the analog sensor;transmitting highly noise immune digital data back to the host processor. To understand the operation of these converters it is best to refer to the Timing Diagrams and Functional Block Diagram and to follow a complete conversion sequence.For clarity a separate diagram is shown of each device.1.A conversion is initiated by first pulling the CS(chip select) line low.This line must be held low for the entire conversion. The converter is now waiting for a start bit and its MUX as-signment word.2.A clock is then generated by the processor(if not provided continuously)and output to the A/D clock input.14Functional Description(Continued)3.On each rising edge of the clock the status of the data in (DI)line is clocked into the MUX address shift register.The start bit is the first logic “1”that appears on this line (all lead-ing zeros are ignored).Following the start bit the converter expects the next 2to 4bits to be the MUX assignment word.4.When the start bit has been shifted into the start location of the MUX register,the input channel has been assigned and a conversion is about to begin.An interval of 1⁄2clock pe-riod (where nothing happens)is automatically inserted to al-low the selected MUX channel to settle.The SAR status line goes high at this time to signal that a conversion is now in progress and the DI line is disabled (it no longer accepts data).5.The data out (DO)line now comes out of TRI-STATE and provides a leading zero for this one clock period of MUX set-tling time.6.When the conversion begins,the output of the SAR com-parator,which indicates whether the analog input is greater than (high)or less than (low)each successive voltage from the internal resistor ladder,appears at the DO line on each falling edge of the clock.This data is the result of the conver-sion being shifted out (with the MSB coming first)and can be read by the processor immediately.7.After 8clock periods the conversion is completed.The SAR status line returns low to indicate this 1⁄2clock cycle later.8.If the programmer prefers,the data can be provided in an LSB first format [this makes use of the shift enable (SE)con-trol line].All 8bits of the result are stored in an output shift register.On devices which do not include the SE control line,the data,LSB first,is automatically shifted out the DO line,after the MSB first data stream.The DO line then goes low and stays low until CS is returned high.On the ADC0838the SE line is brought out and if held high,the value of the LSB remains valid on the DO line.When SE is forced low,the data is then clocked out LSB first.The ADC0831is an excep-tion in that its data is only output in MSB first format.9.All internal registers are cleared when the CS line is high.If another conversion is desired,CS must make a high to low transition followed by address information.The DI and DO lines can be tied together and controlled through a bidirectional processor I/O bit with one wire.This is possible because the DI input is only “looked-at”during the MUX addressing interval while the DO line is still in a high impedance state.8Single-EndedDS005583-538Pseudo-DifferentialDS005583-544Differential DS005583-55Mixed ModeDS005583-56FIGURE 1.Analog Input Multiplexer Options for the ADC083815Functional Description(Continued)3.0REFERENCE CONSIDERATIONSThe voltage applied to the reference input to these convert-ers defines the voltage span of the analog input (the differ-ence between V IN(MAX)and V IN(MIN))over which the 256possible output codes apply.The devices can be used in ei-ther ratiometric applications or in systems requiring absolute accuracy.The reference pin must be connected to a voltage source capable of driving the reference input resistance of typically 3.5k Ω.This pin is the top of a resistor divider string used for the successive approximation conversion.In a ratiometric system,the analog input voltage is propor-tional to the voltage used for the A/D reference.This voltage is typically the system power supply,so the V REF pin can be tied to V CC (done internally on the ADC0832).This technique relaxes the stability requirements of the system reference as the analog input and A/D reference move together maintain-ing the same output code for a given input condition.For absolute accuracy,where the analog input varies be-tween very specific voltage limits,the reference pin can be biased with a time and temperature stable voltage source.The LM385and LM336reference diodes are good low cur-rent devices to use with these converters.The maximum value of the reference is limited to the V CC supply voltage.The minimum value,however,can be quite small (see Typical Performance Characteristics)to allow di-rect conversions of transducer outputs providing less than a 5V output span.Particular care must be taken with regard to noise pickup,circuit layout and system error voltage sources when operating with a reduced span due to the increased sensitivity of the converter (1LSB equals V REF /256).4.0THE ANALOG INPUTSThe most important feature of these converters is that they can be located right at the analog signal source and through just a few wires can communicate with a controlling proces-sor with a highly noise immune serial bit stream.This in itself greatly minimizes circuitry to maintain analog signal accu-racy which otherwise is most susceptible to noise pickup.However,a few words are in order with regard to the analog inputs should the input be noisy to begin with or possibly riding on a large common-mode voltage.The differential input of these converters actually reduces the effects of common-mode input noise,a signal common to both selected “+”and “−”inputs for a conversion (60Hz is most typical).The time interval between sampling the “+”in-put and then the “−”input is 1⁄2of a clock period.The change in the common-mode voltage during this short time interval can cause conversion errors.For a sinusoidal common-mode signal this error is:where f CM is the frequency of the common-mode signal,V PEAK is its peak voltage valueand f CLK ,is the A/D clock frequency.For a 60Hz common-mode signal to generate a 1⁄4LSB error (≈5mV)with the converter running at 250kHz,its peak value would have to be 6.63V which would be larger than allowed as it exceeds the maximum analog input limits.Due to the sampling nature of the analog inputs short spikes of current enter the “+”input and exit the “−”input at the clock edges during the actual conversion.These currents decay rapidly and do not cause errors as the internal com-parator is strobed at the end of a clock period.Bypass ca-pacitors at the inputs will average these currents and cause an effective DC current to flow through the output resistance of the analog signal source.Bypass capacitors should not be used if the source resistance is greater than 1k Ω.This source resistance limitation is important with regard to the DC leakage currents of input multiplexer as well.The worst-case leakage current of ±1µA over temperature will create a 1mV input error with a 1k Ωsource resistance.An op amp RC active low pass filter can provide both imped-ance buffering and noise filtering should a high impedance signal source be required.DS005583-57a)Ratiometric DS005583-58b)Absolute with a reduced SpanFIGURE 2.Reference Examples16Functional Description(Continued)5.0OPTIONAL ADJUSTMENTS5.1Zero ErrorThe zero of the A/D does not require adjustment.If the mini-mum analog input voltage value,V IN(MIN),is not ground a zero offset can be done.The converter can be made to out-put00000000digital code for this minimum input voltage by biasing any V IN(−)input at this V IN(MIN)value.This utilizes the differential mode operation of the A/D.The zero error of the A/D converter relates to the location of the first riser of the transfer function and can be measured by grounding the V IN(−)input and applying a small magnitude positive voltage to the V IN(+)input.Zero error is the differ-ence between the actual DC input voltage which is neces-sary to just cause an output digital code transition from0000 0000to00000001and the ideal1⁄2LSB value(1⁄2LSB=9.8 mV for V REF=5.000V DC).5.2Full-ScaleThe full-scale adjustment can be made by applying a differ-ential input voltage which is11⁄2LSB down from the desired analog full-scale voltage range and then adjusting the mag-nitude of the V REF input(or V CC for the ADC0832)for a digi-tal output code which is just changing from11111110to1111 1111.5.3Adjusting for an Arbitrary Analog Input Voltage RangeIf the analog zero voltage of the A/D is shifted away from ground(for example,to accommodate an analog input signal which does not go to ground),this new zero reference should be properly adjusted first.A V IN(+)voltage which equals this desired zero reference plus1⁄2LSB(where the LSB is calculated for the desired analog span,using1LSB= analog span/256)is applied to selected“+”input and the zero reference voltage at the corresponding“−”input should then be adjusted to just obtain the00HEX to01HEX code tran-sition.The full-scale adjustment should be made[with the proper V IN(−)voltage applied]by forcing a voltage to the V IN(+)in-put which is given by:where:V MAX=the high end of the analog input rangeandV MIN=the low end(the offset zero)of the analog range.(Both are ground referenced.)The V REF(or V CC)voltage is then adjusted to provide a code change from FE HEX to FF HEX.This completes the adjust-ment procedure.6.0POWER SUPPLYA unique feature of the ADC0838and ADC0834is the inclu-sion of a zener diode connected from the V+terminal to ground which also connects to the V CC terminal(which is the actual converter supply)through a silicon diode,as shown in Figure3.(Note3)This zener is intended for use as a shunt voltage regulator toeliminate the need for any additional regulating components.This is most desirable if the converter is to be remotely lo-cated from the system power source.Figure4and Figure5il-lustrate two useful applications of this on-board zener whenan external transistor can be afforded.An important use of the interconnecting diode between V+and V CC is shown in Figure6and Figure7.Here,this diodeis used as a rectifier to allow the V CC supply for the converterto be derived from the clock.The low current requirements ofthe A/D and the relatively high clock frequencies used(typi-cally in the range of10k–400kHz)allows using the smallvalue filter capacitor shown to keep the ripple on the V CC lineto well under1⁄4of an LSB.The shunt zener regulator canalso be used in this mode.This requires a clock voltageswing which is in excess of V Z.A current limit for the zener isneeded,either built into the clock generator or a resistor canbe used from the CLK pin to the V+pin.DS005583-11FIGURE3.An On-Chip Shunt Regulator Diode 17。
