磁共振成像技术中英文名词对照

磁共振成像术语中英文对照第一篇：磁共振成像术语中英文对照磁共振成像术语中英文对照脉冲序列快速自旋回波快速场回波快速反转恢复自旋-平面回波成像自旋回波梯度-平面回波成像三维-相干梯度回波扰相梯度回波三维-快速自旋回波反转恢复-平面回波成像重度T2加权梯度回波平衡式梯度回波快速梯度回波T1高分辨各向同性容积激发三维快速梯度回波短TI反转恢复长TI反转恢复单激发快速自旋回波快速反转自旋回波平面回波成像梯度加自旋并行采集回波时间重复时间反转时间反转角视野矩形视野层厚层间距平均次数方位矩阵脂肪饱和近线圈效应校正时间飞跃相位对比对比增强MRA 横断位冠状位矢状位磁敏感成像简称 TSE FFE TIR SE-EPI SE GRE-EPI 3D-FFE SPGR 3D-TSE IR-EPI SSFP B-FFE TFE THRIVE 3D-TFE STIR FLAIR SS-FSE FRFSE EPI GRASE iPAT TE TR TI FA FOV RFOV Thi Gap NSA OriSPAIR CLEAR TOF PC CE-MRA TRA COR SAG SWI飞利浦 TSE FFE TIR SE-EPI SE FFE-EPI 3D-FFE T1-FFE 3D-TSE IR-EPI T2-FFE Balanced FFE TFE THRIVE 3D TFE STIR FLAIR Single-shot TSE DRIVE EPI GRASE SENSE TE TR TI Flip Angle FOV RFOV slice thickness Gap NSASlice orientation Matrix SPIR/SPAIR CLEAR TOF Phase contrast CE-MRA transverse coronal sagittal Venous BOLD 西门子 TSE FISP TIR SE-EPI SE FISP-EPI 3D-FISP FLASH 3D-TSE IR-EPI PSIFTrueFISP/CISS Turbo FLASH VIBE MPRAGE STIRTurbo Dark Fluid HASTE RESTORE EPI TGSE iPAT TE TR TI Flip Angle FOV FOV Phase slice thickness Distance Factor ACQ Slice orientation Base resolution Fat SatPrescan Normalize TOFPhase contrastCE-MRA transverse coronal sagittal SWIGE FSE GRASS IR SE-EPI SE GRASS-EPI 3D-GRASS SPGR/FSPGR 3D-FSE IR-EPI SSFPFIESTA/FIESTA-C Fast GRE/ Fast-SPGRLAVA/FAME3DFGRE/3D Fast SPGR STIR FLAIR Single-shot FSE FRFSE EPIASSET TE TR TI Flip Angle FOV PFOV slice thickness Gap NEX Slice orientation Matrix Fat Sat PURE TOFPhase contrastCE-MRA transverse coronal sagittal SWI第二篇：常用术语中英文对照十、常用术语中英文对照人生规划Life planning自我介绍Self-introduction 目标Target孔子Confucius《论语》The Analects of Confucius 修身养性cultivate one's moral character 儒家思想Confucianism诗歌Poem赏析Appreciation阅读理解Reading comprehension 意境Artistic conception意象Imagery情感Emotion朗诵Recite策划Consultant情景模拟Scenario simulation 记忆Memory贝多芬Beethoven命运交响曲Symphony of Destiny 古典音乐Classical music 莫扎特Mozart费加罗的婚礼The Marriage of Figaro 萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw 戏剧Drama理想主义Idealism人道精神Humanity反抗性Resistance辩论Debate演讲Speech主题Theme财富Wealth品格Character《红楼梦》Dream in Red Mansions 叶芝Yeats当你老了 when you are old 情景Scene道家Taoism无为而治Taoist Actionless Governance 消极避世Indifference 散文Prose小说Novel文学性Literary语言Language修辞Rhetoric敬畏生命Reverence for Life 抉择Choice普通话Mandarin个人简历Resume招聘求职Recruitment 求职信Cover letter自荐书Written submissions 岗位Post市场营销Marketing物流Logistics食品检测Food testing 高分子Macromolecule就业形势Employment situation 毕业论文Thesis摘要Abstract关键词Keyword答辩defense第三篇：会计相关术语中英文对照会计术语表►AICPA: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants美国注册会计师协会►APB: Accounting Principles Board会计原则委员会►ASB: Auditing Standards Board(AICPA)(美国注册会计师协会)审计准则委员会►ARSC: Accounting and Review Services Committee(AICPA)(美国注册会计师协会)会计与复核服务委员会►ASC: Accounting Standards Codification会计准则汇编►ASU: Accounting Standards Update会计准则更新►CA: Chartered Accountant特许会计师►CAQ: Center for Audit Quality审计质量中心►CICA: Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants加拿大特许会计师协会►CSEC: Consulting Services Executive Committee(AICPA)(美国注册会计师协会)咨询服务执行委员会►EITF: Emerging Issues Task Force(FASB)(美国财务会计准则委员会)紧急事务委员会►FAF: Financial Accounting Foundation财务会计基金会►FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board美国财务会计准则委员会►FCA: Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants特许会计师公众成员►FinREC: Financial Reporting Executive Committee财务报告执行委员会►FSP: FASB Staff Position(FASB)(美国财务会计准则委员会)工作人员立场公告►GAAP(US): Generally Accepted Accounting Principles（美国）一般公认会计原则►GAAS: Generally Accepted Auditing Standards一般公认审计准则►IAASB: International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board(IFAC)国际审计与可信性保证准则理事会(国际会计师联合会)►IAESB: International Accounting Education Standards Board(IFAC)(国际会计师联合会)国际会计教育准则理事会►IASB: International Accounting Standards Board国际会计准则委员会►IAS: International Accounting Standards国际会计准则►IESBA: International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants(IFAC)(国际会计师联合会)国际会计师职业道德准则理事会►IFAC: International Federation of Accountants国际会计师联合会►IFRIC: International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee(IASB)(国际会计准则委员会)国际财务报告解释委员会►IOSCO: International Organization of Securities Commissions国际公共部门会计准则►IPSAS: International Public Sector Accounting Standards国际公共部门会计准则►IPSASB: International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board(IFAC)(国际会计师联合会)国际公共部门会计准则理事会►PCAOB: Public Company Accounting Oversight Board公众公司会计监督委员会►PPEC: Public Practice Executive Committee(CAQ)(审计质量中心)公共实践执行委员会►SAB: Staff Accounting Bulletins(SEC)(美国证监会)首会办会计公告►SEC(US): Securities and Exchange Commission美国证监会►SEC Regulations Committee(SEC)(美国证监会)监管委员会►SFAS: Statement of Financial Accounting Standards财务会计准则公告►SIC: Standing Interpretations Committee(IASB)(国际会计准则委员会)常设解释委员会►SOP: Statements of Position(AICPA)(美国注册会计师协会)立场公告►SME: Small and Medium Sized Entities(IASB)(国际会计准则委员会)中小企业►TPA: Technical Practice Aids(AICPA)(美国注册会计师协会)技术实务支持体系/技术实务指引►VRG(US): Valuation Resource Group(FASB)（美国财务会计准则委员会）估值资源小组第四篇：篮球术语中英文对照A: Agent 经纪人。

absolute intensityA display or plot mode in which the signal intensity is proportional to theacquisition timeattenuationThe control applied to voltages (including signal from the sample) within the spectrometer. High attenuation gives low-voltage, low-attenuation gives high-voltage.B 0The static magnetic field. The magnetic flux density is expressed in tesla,T, or often, as an equivalent 1H resonance frequency (for example, 300MHz for a 7 T magnet).B 1Magnetic field associated with a radio-frequency (r.f.) pulse. Often expressed as an equivalent value in kHz.bandshapeUsually used when referring to a complex lineshape or a group of overlapping plex bandshapes often arise from quadrupolar nuclei (see figure 2).centrebandThe signal at the isotropic chemical shift. Its position is the same at all spin-rates.channelThe individual frequencies or frequency bands of a spectrometer. For example: H-channel (proton), C-channel (carbon) or broad-band (or X) channel (usually anything except H).chemical shiftNumber used for reporting the position of a line (νi )relative to a reference line (νref ) in a high-resolution spectrum. The chemical shift parameter is denoted δ and quoted in ppm.coherence pathwayDescription of an experiment that allows the excitation of the spins to be followed. Useful for experiments where excitation or selection of signal from one-, two- or multiple-quantum transitions is needed.contact timeTime during which two matched radio-frequency fields are applied simultaneously in a CP experiment.CPCross-polarisation. Any experiment where energy (magnetisation) is transferred from the nuclei of one element (often H) to those of another.dead-time Time between a pulse and the switch on of the receiver. The spectrometercircuitry needs time to settle after transmitting the high voltage associatedwith a pulse before it can detect the very low voltage associated with thesignal from the sample. See figure 1.610×−=ref ref i νννδTerminology Commonly Used in NMR SpectroscopyFigure 2. Bandshape from a single 11B environment.磁共振成像常用技术术语d.c. offset Constant-value offset occurring in the FID (see “Problems”). Results ina central (zero-frequency) “spike” artefact in the spectrum whentransformed.deconvolution Mathematical process used to determine the intensities of overlappinglines.digital resolution This depends on the Fourier number. The bigger the Fourier number thegreater the number of data points per Hz of the spectrum and the higherthe digital resolution. See “Processing”.DP Direct-polarisation. An experiment in which the nuclei to be observedare excited directly.duty cycle A value used to assess whether anexperiment might damage thespectrometer (or the sample). Theduty cycle should never exceed 20 %(see “How to Choose a RecycleDelay”)dwell Spacing between data points in the time-domain. Can depend on theway acquisition is implemented but, commonly, dwell = 1/spectral width. endcap Open rotors have to be closed with endcaps before they can be spun. FID Free Induction Decay (see figure 1).field Magnetic field, with flux density quoted in T (Tesla) for the static magneticfield (B). For the magnetic field associated with an r.f. pulse the fluxdensity is given in mT or, more usually, expressed as a kHz equivalent(see “Matching”).flip-back Experimental procedure for shortening recycle times (see “How to Choosea Recycle”).Fourier number The number of points used in the FT. Always a power of 2.frequency domain Where information is displayed as a function of frequency - the spectrum FT Fourier Transform. Mathematical process to convert time-domain tofrequency-domain. Designed to work with 2n (n = integer) data points. gain Amplification applied to the received signal.Gauss Non-SI unit of magnetic field flux density. The SI equivalent is Tesla (T),1 T = 10,000 Gintensity On its own - the height of a line. Integrated-intensity is the area under theline.linebroadening Spectra can be artificially linebroadened to improve their appearance.This involves multiplying the FID with a decaying function prior to the FT.See “Processing”.lineshape The shape of individual lines in a spectrum. Commonly, Gaussian orLorentzian (figure 3) or a mixture of the two, are encounteredexperimentally.linewidth This is usually the full width at half-height (δν½)r.f. on-timer.f. on-time + r.f. off-timeduty cycle =magic-angle54.7° or 54° 44´magnetisation when described classically (non-quantum mechanically) an ensemble ofspins at equilibrium in an external magnetic field has a net magnetisationprecessing about an axis aligned along that field.magnetogyric ratio Symbol γ . A fundamental physical constant of elements with non-zerospin. For example γH is 2.675x108 rads -1T -1.matchShort for Hartmann-Hahn match (see “Matching”)noisenormalised intensity Signal intensity can be multiplied by an arbitrary factor to give a particularheight to the highest (often) line or the integrated intensity. Opposite ofabsolute intensity.nuclear spin quantum number Symbol I . A fundamental property of a nucleus. Only nuclei with I > 0are said to be NMR “active”.phase (1)The phase of a pulse relates to its position in the xy plane of the rotating frame.phase (2)The phase of a spectral line comes from the way in which the real and imaginary components of a complex FT are combined (see “Processing”).phase cycling The way in which the phase of a pulse (or the receiver) is changed duringsuccessive repetitions of a pulse sequence. Used to suppress artefactsand select specific coherence pathways.ppm Parts per million. Usual way of reporting a chemical shift. A frequencydifference ∆ Hz 610×∆≈n observatio ν ppm precession“Movement of the axis of a spinning body around another axis” (as a gyroscope)probeThe business end of the spectrometer, where the sample goes.pulse angle When described in the rotating frame a pulse rotates the magnetisationthrough an angle θ. A pulse that rotates the magnetisation though 90° iscalled a 90° pulse.pulse duration Time for which a pulse occurs.quadrupole Any nucleus with I > ½.recycle (time)Or pulse delay or relaxation delay. Time between the end of dataacquisition and the start of excitation in successive repetitions of a pulsesequence. (See “How to Choose a Recycle”).referenceThe material giving the signal which defines the zero position in a high-heightresolution spectrum.repetitionsThe number of times a pulse sequence is repeated in an experiment.resolutionThe ability to separate closely spaced lines (see figure 4). As a rule of thumb,a pair of lines will be resolved if their linewidth is less than their separation.resolution enhancementThe opposite of linebroadening. An FID multiplied by an appropriate combination of increasing and decaying functions can yield extra resolution in a spectrum. See “Processing”.rotary echoA feature of an FID that occurs at intervals of 1/spin-rate (see “How to Set the Magic-angle”). They give rise to spinning sidebands in the spectrum.rotating frameA mathematical tool to make the effect of a pulse easy to visualise.Magnetisation precessing at ν Hz in a laboratory-based xyz axis system appears static in an axis system (frame) rotating at ν Hz.rotorThe container that holds the sample. Often referred to in terms of its outside diameter (for example, 5 mm).saturationCondition that arises when there is no population difference between excited and ground states. No signal is observable under such conditions.sidebandsOr spinning sidebands. Under some circumstances sidebands appear in a spectrum. They can occur on both sides of a centreband and separated from it by a frequency equal to the spin-rate. A spectrum may contain a manifold of sidebands and the centreband is not necessarily more intense than all of the sidebands.signalThe FID or one or more of the lines in a spectrum.signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)Ratio of the height of a line or signal (usually the largest) to the noise.Definitions of the measurement of noise vary. Signal increases as n (the number of repetitions) but noise only increases by √n so S/N increases by √n.spectral widthDifference in frequency of the two ends of the full spectrum. Not to be confused with the now largely obsolete term sweep width.spinA property of a nucleus with non-zero nuclear spin-quantum number (I ),as in spin-½. Or, simply, a nucleus with a magnetic moment.spin-lockIf, after a 90°x pulse a second, long-duration (spin-lock) r.f. field is applied along the y-axis the magnetisation is said to be spin-locked.spin-rateThe rate at which the sample is spun.spin-temperature inversionA manipulation carried out within the phase cycling of a CP experiment to remove magnetisation originating directly from the X-channel contact pulse.standard Any sample used to set-up the spectrometer and/or to define the zeroposition in the spectrum.Figure 4. Two lines of constant spacing but different linewidth.T 1Spin-lattice relaxation time-constant. Relates to the time taken for excited spins, in the presence of B 0, to loose energy to their surroundings and return to their equilibrium state.T 1ρSpin-lattice relaxation time-constant in the rotating frame. As for T 1 but this time in the presence of an applied radio-frequency field B 1.T 2Spin-spin relaxation time-constant. Relates to the time for a conserved exchange of energy between spins.T 2*A time-constant sometimes used to describe the decay of the observed time-domain signal (T 2* ≤ T 2). The shorter T 2* the broader the associated signal(s) in the spectrum.time-domainWhere information is recorded or displayed as a function of time (see figure 1).transmitter offsetThis allows fine control of the position of a transmitter (carrier frequency).With an appropriate offset, signals can be put exactly on-resonance or a specific amount off-resonance. Can be applied to any spectrometer channel.truncationIf the acquisition time is shorter than the FID then truncation of the FID is said to have occurred (See “Problems”).zero filling If the number of data points is not a power of two then zeroes are addedto the acquired data so that the total number of points Fourier transformedis 2n . Zero filling adds no signal to the spectrum but it can improveresolution (see “Processing”).。

核磁各种峰形的英文全程核磁共振（NMRI，Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging）是一种非侵入性的医学成像技术，其主要原理是利用核磁共振现象对人体内的原子核进行探测，从而获得人体内部的结构和功能信息。

在核磁共振成像中，各种峰形的英文全称是非常重要的基础知识之一。

在核磁共振成像中，各种峰形的英文全称涉及到很多的技术术语和缩写，主要包括以下几种：1. T1 relaxation time: T1松弛时间T1弛豫时间是指核磁共振现象中，原子核自发地从能量高的激发态向能量低的基态转移的时间。

T1松弛时间越长，信号强度就越强，因此在核磁共振成像中，对T1松弛时间的测量非常重要。

2. T2 relaxation time: T2松弛时间T2弛豫时间是指原子核从激发态返回到基态时，由于自旋与周围磁环境的相互作用而释放的能量在不同时间内自旋相消失的时间。

T2松弛时间越短，信号强度就越强，因此在核磁共振成像中，对T2松弛时间的测量也非常重要。

3. Chemical shift: 化学位移化学位移是指在不同分子结构中，不同原子核产生的共振频率差异。

在核磁共振成像中，这种差异会导致不同化学物质的原子核处于不同的共振频率处，从而被识别并可视化。

4. Frequency encoding: 频率编码频率编码是指核磁共振成像中，利用不同磁场梯度将不同位置的原子核区分出来的过程。

这种过程会使成像中的空间信息和信号频率产生关联，从而实现原子核在不同位置的成像。

5. Phase encoding: 相位编码相位编码是指核磁共振成像中，利用不同的相位差进行区别成像的过程。

这种过程会使成像中的空间信息和相位差产生关联，从而实现原子核在不同方向上的成像。

总之，在核磁共振成像中，了解各种峰形的英文全称对于正确理解和解读成像结果非常重要。

因此，对于从事医学成像工作的人员来说，建议多学习和掌握相关技术术语和知识，以提高工作效率和成像质量。

磁共振MRI中英文缩写汇总MRI：Magnetic Resonance Imaging磁共振成像NMRI：Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging核磁共振成像MRA：Magnetic Resonance Angiography磁共振血管造影CE-MRA：contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography对比增强磁共振血管成像MRV：Magnetic Resonance Venography磁共振静脉造影VW-MRI：vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging磁共振血管壁成像MRCP：Magnetic Resonance cholangiopancreatography磁共振胰胆管成像MRM：Magnetic Resonance Myelography磁共振脊髓成像MRU：Magnetic Resonance urography磁共振尿路成像MRN：Magnetic Resonance neurography磁共振神经成像CMR：Cardiovascular MR心血管磁共振检查技术fMRI：functional magnetic resonance imaging磁共振功能成像MRE：Magnetic Resonance Elastography磁共振弹性成像T1WI：T1-weighted imagingT1加权成像T2WI：T2-weighted imagingT2加权成像PDWI：proton density weighted imaging质子密度加权成像EPI：echo planar imaging平面回波成像MS-EPI：multi shot echo planar imaging多激发平面回波成像DWI：diffusion weighted imaging扩散加权成像(小视野弥散Philips-ZOOM/Siemens-ZOOMit/GE-FOCUS)ADC：apparent diffusion coefficient表观扩散系数DWIBS：diffusion weighted imaging with background suppression背景抑制扩散加权成像RESOLVE：readout segment of long variable echo trains基于读出方向分段K空间的多次激发弥散加权成像(Siemens) MUSE：multi-slab parallel EPI多激发节段式EPI采集空间信号敏感性编码图像重建(GE)DTI：diffusion tensor imaging扩散张量成像PWI：perfusion weighted imaging灌注加权成像BOLD：blood oxygenation level dependent血氧水平依赖RF：Radio Frequency射频TR：repetition time重复时间TE：echo time回波时间(Effective TE有效TE)Minimum TE：部分回波技术TI：inversion time反转时间ES：echo space回波间隙ETL：echo train length回波链长度BW：bandwidth带宽FA：flip angle反转角TA：Acquisition time采集时间NA：number of acquisitions采集次数NSA：number of signal averaged信号平均次数NEX：number of excitation激励次数TD：time of delay延迟时间WFS：water fat shift水脂位移FC：flow compensation流动补偿TOF：time of flight时间飞跃TRICKS：time resolved imaging of contrast Kinetics对比剂动态成像PC：phase contrast相位对比VENC：velocity encoding流速编码NPW：no phase wrap去相位卷褶IR：inversion recovery反转恢复MT：magnetization transfer磁化转移(磁化传递)FT：fourier transform傅里叶变换VPS：Views Per Segment每段视图BSP TI：blood suppression TI血夜抑制反转时间(IFIR参数)序列SE：spin echo自旋回波FSE：fast spin echo快速自旋回波TSE：turbo spin echo快速自旋回波FRFSE：fast recovery fast spin echo快速恢复快速自旋回波(GE) TSE-Restore：快速恢复快速自旋回波(Siemens)TSE DRIVE(TSE driven equilibrium DE驱动平衡)：快速恢复快速自旋回波(Philips)SSFSE：single shot fast spin echo单次激发快速自旋回波HALF-SS-TSE：half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo半傅里叶单次激发快速自旋回波(Philips)HASTE：half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo 半傅里叶单次激发快速自旋回波(Siemens)FLAIR：fluid attenuated inversion recovery水抑制反转恢复ASL：arterial spin labeling动脉自旋标记BPAS：basi-parallel anatomical scanning平行椎基底动脉系统扫描FIR：fast inversion recovery快速反转恢复(TIR：turbo inversion recovery)DIR：dual inversion recovery(有资料译为double inversion recovery)双重反转恢复下面三个技术（VISTA/CUBE/SPACE）摘自懋氏百科全书，后面两个的中文是我瞎翻译的：VISTA(3D VIEW)：volume isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition各向同性快速自旋回波容积采集(Philips)CUBE：3D fast spin echo with an extended echo train acquisition长回波链3D快速自旋回波采集(GE)SPACE：sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution最优可变翻转角改善对比完美采样(Siemens)梯度回波GRE：gradient recalled echo梯度回波(GE)FFE：fast field echo快速场回波(Philips)GE：gradient echo梯度回波(Siemens)TFE：turbo field echo超快速场回波FISP：fast imaging with steady-state precession稳态进动快速成像(Siemens)PSIF(Siemens)：采集刺激回波的GRE序列；在时序上与FISP相反遂命名为PSIF(Philips为T2-FFE；GE为CE-GRASS:contrast enhanced GRASS)DESS：dual spin steady state双回波稳态进动(Siemens独有3D序列，显示软骨优势；同时采集FISP信号和PSIF信号) MEDIC：multiple echo data image combination多回波数据合并成像(Siemens)MERGE：multiple echo recalled gradient echo多回波梯度回波 (GE 2D)COSMIC：coherent oscillatory state acquisition for the manipulation imaging contrast连续振荡状态采集操控成像对比(GE 3D多回波合并成像)mFFE(Philips多回波)：multiple fast field echoSWI：susceptibility weighted imaging磁敏感加权成像QSM：quantitative susceptibility mapping定量磁化率成像SSFP：steady state free precession普通稳态自由进动(GE的GRE、Fast GRE均属该类型；西门子为FISP；在飞利浦上称为conventional FFE)Balance-SSFP：balance steady state free precession平衡式稳态自由进动(Philips)FIESTA：fast imaging employing steady state acquisition稳态采集快速成像(GE)FIESTA-C：FIESTA-cycled phases双激发稳态采集快速成像(GE) True FISP：true fast imaging with steady state precession真稳态自由进动快速成像(Siemens)CISS：constructive interference in the steady state稳态进动结构相干(双激发)B-FFE：balance fast field echo平衡式快速场回波(Philips)TRANCE：triggered angiography non-contrast enhanced触发血管造影非对比增强(Philips; Siemens为Native truefisp; GE为IFIR: InFlow Inversion Recovery)QISS：Quiescent-Interval Single-Shot MR血管造影-静态间隔单次激发成像是一种用于外周MRA的非增强MRA技术(Siemens)。

磁共振常用词汇中英文对照磁场：magnetic field自旋磁矩: spin precessing旋转坐标系：rotating frame of reference射场RF field射频脉冲RF pulse磁化强度矢量magnetic field vector横向衰减transverse decay静态场static field static magnetic field分立角flip angle信号signal系统参数system parameter自由感应衰减free indaction decay自旋回波spin echo反转恢复inversion recovery波谱spectrum化学位移chemical shift自旋密度spin density频率编码frequency encoding梯度回波gradient echoK空间K space梯度方向性gradient directivity非线性non-linearuty多维成像multi-dimensional imaging二维成像2D imaging三维成像3D imaging化学位移成像chemical shift imagingFourier成像傅利叶imaging离散diffusion图像重建image reconstruction射频线圈RF coil噪音noise滤波filter分辨率resolution空间分辨率spatial resolution填零内插zero padding interpolation投影projection信噪比signal to noise ratio对比度constrast模值magnitude相位phase选片slice selection校对射频场RF calibration磁体外壳magnet covers匀场电源shim power supply被动匀场passive shim矩阵array梯度功放gradient amplifier矩阵线圈coil array梯度线圈gradient coil射频梯度功放RF (power) amplifier射频滤波器RF filter谱分析spectroscopy病床patient trolley对讲机intercom病理信号采集physiological signal acquisition脑部线圈head coil颈椎线圈neck coil乳房线圈breast coil体线圈body coil膝盖线圈knee coil脚腕线圈ankle coil肩线圈shoulder coil腕部线圈wrist coil通用线圈genral purpose coil 谱仪spectrometer工作站console射频屏蔽房RF shield room 射频线RF cable梯度线gradient cable空调A/C (air conditional)脉冲序列pulse sequence影片机film printer。

磁共振缩略语引言概述：磁共振（Magnetic Resonance）是一种常见的医学影像技术，通过使用磁场和无害的无线电波来生成人体内部的详细图像。

在磁共振成像过程中，我们经常会遇到一些缩略语，这些缩略语是用来描述不同的磁共振技术、扫描序列和解剖结构的。

本文将详细阐述磁共振缩略语的含义和应用。

正文内容：1. 磁共振技术1.1 MRI（Magnetic Resonance Imaging）：磁共振成像是一种常用的磁共振技术，通过使用强磁场和无线电波来生成人体内部的图像。

它可以提供高分辨率的结构图像，用于检测和诊断多种疾病。

1.2 MRA（Magnetic Resonance Angiography）：磁共振血管成像是一种用于显示血管结构和血液流动的磁共振技术。

它可以帮助医生检测和评估血管疾病，如动脉瘤和血栓。

2. 扫描序列2.1 T1WI（T1-weighted Imaging）：T1加权成像是一种常用的扫描序列，它对脑组织的形态和结构提供了很好的对比度。

在T1WI图像中，脑脊液呈黑色，脑灰质呈灰色，脑白质呈白色。

2.2 T2WI（T2-weighted Imaging）：T2加权成像是一种常用的扫描序列，它对脑组织的水含量和病变反应更为敏感。

在T2WI图像中，脑脊液呈白色，脑灰质呈灰色，脑白质呈白色。

2.3 DWI（Diffusion-weighted Imaging）：扩散加权成像是一种用于检测脑组织中水分子扩散的扫描序列。

它对脑缺血和脑卒中等疾病的早期诊断具有重要意义。

3. 解剖结构3.1 CSF（Cerebrospinal Fluid）：脑脊液是一种清澈的液体，主要存在于脑室和脊髓管中。

在磁共振图像中，脑脊液呈黑色，可以帮助医生评估脑积水等疾病。

3.2 GM（Gray Matter）：脑灰质是大脑皮层和深部核团的组织，负责信息的处理和传递。

在磁共振图像中，脑灰质呈灰色，可以帮助医生检测和评估神经系统疾病。

磁共振MRI中英⽂缩写汇总MRI：Magnetic Resonance Imaging磁共振成像NMRI：Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging核磁共振成像MRA：Magnetic Resonance Angiography磁共振⾎管造影CE-MRA：contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography对⽐增强磁共振⾎管成像MRV：Magnetic Resonance Venography磁共振静脉造影VW-MRI：vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging磁共振⾎管壁成像MRCP：Magnetic Resonance cholangiopancreatography磁共振胰胆管成像MRM：Magnetic Resonance Myelography磁共振脊髓成像MRU：Magnetic Resonance urography磁共振尿路成像MRN：Magnetic Resonance neurography磁共振神经成像CMR：Cardiovascular MR⼼⾎管磁共振检查技术fMRI：functional magnetic resonance imaging磁共振功能成像MRE：Magnetic Resonance Elastography磁共振弹性成像T1WI：T1-weighted imagingT1加权成像T2WI：T2-weighted imagingT2加权成像PDWI：proton density weighted imaging质⼦密度加权成像EPI：echo planar imaging平⾯回波成像MS-EPI：multi shot echo planar imaging多激发平⾯回波成像DWI：diffusion weighted imaging扩散加权成像(⼩视野弥散Philips-ZOOM/Siemens-ZOOMit/GE-FOCUS)ADC：apparent diffusion coefficient表观扩散系数DWIBS：diffusion weighted imaging with background suppression背景抑制扩散加权成像RESOLVE：readout segment of long variable echo trains基于读出⽅向分段K空间的多次激发弥散加权成像(Siemens)MUSE：multi-slab parallel EPI多激发节段式EPI采集空间信号敏感性编码图像重建(GE) DTI：diffusion tensor imaging扩散张量成像PWI：perfusion weighted imaging灌注加权成像BOLD：blood oxygenation level dependent⾎氧⽔平依赖RF：Radio Frequency射频TR：repetition time重复时间TE：echo time回波时间(Effective TE有效TE)Minimum TE：部分回波技术TI：inversion time反转时间ES：echo space回波间隙ETL：echo train length回波链长度BW：bandwidth带宽FA：flip angle反转⾓TA：Acquisition time采集时间NA：number of acquisitions采集次数NSA：number of signal averaged信号平均次数NEX：number of excitation激励次数TD：time of delay延迟时间WFS：water fat shift⽔脂位移FC：flow compensation流动补偿TOF：time of flight时间飞跃TRICKS：time resolved imaging of contrast Kinetics对⽐剂动态成像PC：phase contrast相位对⽐VENC：velocity encoding流速编码NPW：no phase wrap去相位卷褶IR：inversion recovery反转恢复MT：magnetization transfer磁化转移(磁化传递)FT：fourier transform傅⾥叶变换VPS：Views Per Segment每段视图BSP TI：blood suppression TI⾎夜抑制反转时间(IFIR参数)序列SE：spin echo⾃旋回波FSE：fast spin echo快速⾃旋回波TSE：turbo spin echo快速⾃旋回波FRFSE：fast recovery fast spin echo快速恢复快速⾃旋回波(GE)TSE-Restore：快速恢复快速⾃旋回波(Siemens)TSE DRIVE(TSE driven equilibrium DE驱动平衡)：快速恢复快速⾃旋回波(Philips) SSFSE：single shot fast spin echo单次激发快速⾃旋回波HALF-SS-TSE：half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo半傅⾥叶单次激发快速⾃旋回波(Philips)HASTE：half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo半傅⾥叶单次激发快速⾃旋回波(Siemens)FLAIR：fluid attenuated inversion recovery⽔抑制反转恢复ASL：arterial spin labeling动脉⾃旋标记BPAS：basi-parallel anatomical scanning平⾏椎基底动脉系统扫描FIR：fast inversion recovery快速反转恢复(TIR：turbo inversion recovery)DIR：dual inversion recovery(有资料译为double inversion recovery)双重反转恢复下⾯三个技术（VISTA/CUBE/SPACE）摘⾃懋⽒百科全书，后⾯两个的中⽂是我瞎翻译的：VISTA(3D VIEW)：volume isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition各向同性快速⾃旋回波容积采集(Philips)CUBE：3D fast spin echo with an extended echo train acquisition长回波链3D快速⾃旋回波采集(GE)SPACE：sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution最优可变翻转⾓改善对⽐完美采样(Siemens)梯度回波GRE：gradient recalled echo梯度回波(GE)FFE：fast field echo快速场回波(Philips)GE：gradient echo梯度回波(Siemens)TFE：turbo field echo超快速场回波FISP：fast imaging with steady-state precession稳态进动快速成像(Siemens)PSIF(Siemens)：采集刺激回波的GRE序列；在时序上与FISP相反遂命名为PSIF(Philips为T2-FFE；GE为CE-GRASS:contrast enhanced GRASS)DESS：dual spin steady state双回波稳态进动(Siemens独有3D序列，显⽰软⾻优势；同时采集FISP信号和PSIF信号)MEDIC：multiple echo data image combination多回波数据合并成像(Siemens)MERGE：multiple echo recalled gradient echo多回波梯度回波 (GE 2D)COSMIC：coherent oscillatory state acquisition for the manipulation imaging contrast连续振荡状态采集操控成像对⽐(GE 3D多回波合并成像)mFFE(Philips多回波)：multiple fast field echoSWI：susceptibility weighted imaging磁敏感加权成像QSM：quantitative susceptibility mapping定量磁化率成像SSFP：steady state free precession普通稳态⾃由进动(GE的GRE、Fast GRE均属该类型；西门⼦为FISP；在飞利浦上称为conventional FFE)Balance-SSFP：balance steady state free precession平衡式稳态⾃由进动(Philips) FIESTA：fast imaging employing steady state acquisition稳态采集快速成像(GE)FIESTA-C：FIESTA-cycled phases双激发稳态采集快速成像(GE)True FISP：true fast imaging with steady state precession真稳态⾃由进动快速成像(Siemens) CISS：constructive interference in the steady state稳态进动结构相⼲(双激发)B-FFE：balance fast field echo平衡式快速场回波(Philips)TRANCE：triggered angiography non-contrast enhanced触发⾎管造影⾮对⽐增强(Philips; Siemens为 Native truefisp; GE为IFIR: InFlow Inversion Recovery)QISS：Quiescent-Interval Single-Shot MR⾎管造影-静态间隔单次激发成像是⼀种⽤于外周MRA的⾮增强MRA技术(Siemens)。

关于MRI方面的一些常用中英文对照信号 signal（磁共振成像）低信号 hypointensity高信号 hyperintensity等信号 isointensity混合信号 heterogeneous intensity信号强度减弱 decreased signal intensity信号强度增高 increased signal intensity流空现象 flow empty phenomena 1H31P MR spectroscopy 1H31P MR波谱成像3-D gradient echo imaging 三维梯度回波成像技术annulus 纤维环bone marrow 骨髓chemical-shift imaging 化学位移成像coronal view 冠状位echo time,TE 回波时间epidural fat 硬膜外脂肪flow void phenomenon 流空现像flow-related enhancement 流动相关增强functional MRI,fMRI 功能成像Gadolinium,Gd 钆inversion recovery,IR 反转恢复技术laminar flow 层流left ventricular outflow tract view 左心室流出道体位left-anterior oblique view 左前斜位long-axis 长轴位longitudinal relaxation time,T1 纵向弛豫时间magnetic resonance angiography,MRA 磁共振血管造影magnetic resonance urography,MRU 磁共振尿路造影megnrtization transfer with fast adiabatic trajetctory磁化传递快速成像methemoglobin 正铁血红蛋白MR angiography,MRA MR血管造影MRCP 磁共振胰胆管成像myocardial tagging 心肌标记nucleus pulposus 髓核phase contrast,PC 相位对比法proton density,P 质子密度proton relaxation enhancement effect 质子弛豫增强效应proton weighted image,PW1 质子密度加权像repetition time, TR 重复时间right anterior oblique view 右前斜位right ventricular outflow tract view 右心室流出道体位sagittal view 矢状位short-axis 短轴位T1 weighted image, T1W1 T1加权像T2 weighted image, T2W1 T2加权像tagging 标记time-of-flight, TOF 时间飞跃法transverse relaxation time, T2 横向弛豫时间transverse view 横轴位turbulent flow 湍流water image 水成像magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像radio frequency (RF) 射频脉冲relaxation time 驰豫时间spin-lattice relaxation time 自旋－晶格（即纵向）(longitudinal relaxation time) 驰豫时间，简称T1spin-Spin(transverse) relaxation time 自旋－自旋（即横向）驰豫时间，简称T2 spin-echo sequence (SE) 自旋回波序列echo time 回波时间repetitiontime 脉冲重复间隔时间（TR）T1 weighted (T1WI) image T1成像T2 weighted (T2WI) image T2成像magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) 磁共振血管成像flowing void effect 流空效应Time of flight (TOF) 时间流逝法phase contrast (PC) 相位对比法Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) 钆－二乙三胺五醋酸（磁显葡胺）上肢MRA Upper Extremities MRA下肢MRA Lower Extremities MRA心脏大血管造影 Heart MR Angiography胸主动脉造影 T-Artery MR Angiography腹主动脉造影 Abd-Artery MR Angiography头部血管造影 Head MR Angiography颈部血管造影 Head MR Angiography盆腔血管造影 Pelvis MR Angiography下腔静脉MRA Portal Vein MRA。

.磁共振成像术语中英文对照脉冲序列简称飞利浦西门子GE快速场回波FFE FFE FISP GRASS快速反转恢复TIR TIR TIR IR自旋-平面回波成像SE-EPI SE-EPI SE-EPI SE-EPI自旋回波SE SE SE SE梯度-平面回波成像GRE-EPI FFE-EPI FISP-EPI GRASS-EPI三维-相干梯度回波3D-FFE3D-FFE3D-FISP3D-GRASS扰相梯度回波SPGR T1-FFE FLASH SPGR/FSPGR三维-快速自旋回波3D-TSE3D-TSE3D-TSE3D-FSE反转恢复-平面回波成像IR-EPI IR-EPI IR-EPI IR-EPI重度T2加权梯度回波SSFP T2-FFE PSIF SSFP平衡式梯度回波B-FFE Balanced FFE TrueFISP/CISS FIESTA/FIESTA-C快速梯度回波TFE TFE Turbo FLASH Fast GRE/ Fast- SPGR T1高分辨各向同性容积激发THRIVE THRIVE VIBE LAVA/FAME三维快速梯度回波3D-TFE3D TFE MPRAGE3DFGRE/3D Fast SPGR 短TI反转恢复STIR STIR STIR STIR长TI反转恢复FLAIR FLAIR Turbo Dark Fluid FLAIR单激发快速自旋回波SS-FSE Single-shot TSE HASTE Single-shot FSE快速反转自旋回波FRFSE DRIVE RESTORE FRFSE平面回波成像EPI EPI EPI EPI梯度加自旋GRASE GRASE TGSE并行采集iPAT SENSE iPAT ASSET回波时间TE TE TE TE重复时间TR TR TR TR反转时间TI TI TI TI反转角FA Flip Angle Flip Angle Flip Angle视野FOV FOV FOV FOV矩形视野RFOV RFOV FOV Phase PFOV层厚Thi slice thickness slice thickness slice thickness层间距Gap Gap Distance Factor Gap平均次数NSA NSA ACQ NEX方位Ori Slice orientation Slice orientation Slice orientation矩阵Matrix Base resolution Matrix脂肪饱和SPAIR SPIR/SPAIR Fat Sat Fat Sat近线圈效应校正CLEAR CLEAR Prescan Normalize PURE时间飞跃TOF TOF TOF TOF相位对比PC Phase contrast Phase contrast Phase contrast对比增强MRA CE-MRA CE-MRA CE-MRA CE-MRA横断位TRA transverse transverse transverse冠状位COR coronal coronal coronal矢状位SAG sagittal sagittal sagittal磁敏感成像SWI Venous BOLD SWI SWI精选文本。

《磁共振成像》名词术语缩略词序号英文缩略词英文全称中文全称12D TOF two-dimension time-of-flight二维时间飞跃法23D-PC three-dimensional phase contrast三维相位对比法32D RF two-dimensional spatially selectiveradiofrequency pulses2D空间选择性射频脉冲43D CE-MRA three dimensional contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography三维对比增强磁共振血管成像5AAL anmtomical automatic labeling自动解剖标记6ADC apparent diffusion coefficient表观扩散系数7AFP alpha-feto protein血清甲胎蛋白8ALFF amplitude of low frequency fluctuation低频振幅9AMA anti-mitochondrial antibodies抗线粒体抗体10ANT attention network test注意网络测试11ASD autism spectrum disorders孤独症12ASL arterial spin labeling动脉自旋标记13AUC area under the curve曲线下面积14BF blood flow血流量15BOLD blood oxygenation level dependent血氧水平依赖16BOLD-fMRI blood oxygenation level dependent functional MRI基于血氧水平依赖的功能MRI17CASL continuous arterial spin labeling连续式动脉自旋标记18CBF cerebral blood flow脑血流量19CBV cerebral blood volume脑血容量20CDT-VIBE CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST volume-interpolated breath-hold examination随机轨迹时间分辨成像技术的容积内插值法屏气检查《磁共振成像》名词术语缩略词21CE-MRV contrast-enhanced MR venography增强磁共振静脉造影22cine-MRI cine magnetic resonance imaging电影磁共振成像技术23CK cytokeratin细胞角蛋白24CTA CT angiography CT血管造影25D//axial diffusivity轴向扩散张量26D⊥radial diffusivity垂直扩散张量27DC degree centrality度中心度28DCE-MRI dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging动态增强MRI29DDC distributed diffusion coefficient 拉伸指数模型分布扩散系数值30DKI diffusion kurtosis imaging扩散峰度成像31DNES diffuse neuroendocrine system弥散神经内分泌系统32DOR diagnosis odds ratios诊断比值比33DWI diffusion weighted imaging扩散加权成像34DSA digital subtraction angiography数字减影血管造影35DSC dynamic susceptibility contrast动态磁敏感对比增强36DSRCT desmoplastic small round cell tumor 促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤37DTI diffusion tensor imaging扩散张量成像38ECM extracellular matrixc细胞外基质39ECN executive control network 执行控制网络40EF extraction fraction摄取分数41ER estrogen receptor雌激素受体42EMA epithelial membrane antigen上皮膜抗原43EPI echo planar imaging平面回波成像44ETL echo train length回波链长度45FA flip angle翻转角46FA fractional anisotropy各向异性分数47fFOV-DWI full field of view diffusion weighted imaging全视野弥散加权成像48FIESTA fast imaging employing steady-stateacquisition稳态采集快速成像49FLASH fast low-angle shot快速小角度激发50FN false negative假阴性值51FP false positive假阳性值52Gd-EOB-DTPA gadolinium ethoxybenzyldiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid钆塞酸二钠注射液53GINH giant lymph node hyperplasia巨淋巴结增生症54GMV gray matter volume脑灰质体积55GS Gleason score Gleason评分56HBV hepatitis B virus乙型肝炎病毒57HCC hepatocellular carcinoma肝细胞癌58HCV hepatitis C virus丙型肝炎病毒59HE Hematoxylin-eosin苏木精-伊红60HER-2human epidermal growth factor receptor 2人类表皮生长因子受体2 61HH hepatic hemangioma肝血管瘤62HPC hepatocyte肝细胞抗原63ICA independent component analysis独立成分分析64IJV internal jugular vein颈内静脉65IRI ischemia-reperfusion injury缺血再灌注损伤66IP ischemia penumbra缺血半暗带67IUA intrauterine adhesion宫腔粘连68IVIM intravoxel incoherent motion体素内不相干运动69K//axial kurtosis轴向峰度70K⊥radial kurtosis径向峰度71Ktrans transfer constant转运常数72Kep outflow rate constant回流常数73Lac Lactic乳酸74LAVA1iver acquisition volume acceleration肝脏加速容积采集75MD mean diffusivity平均扩散系数76MIP maximum intensity projection静脉期最大强度投影77MK mean kurtosis平均峰度78MRA magnetic resonance angiography磁共振血管成像79MRE magnetic resonance elastography磁共振弹性成像80MRS magnetic resonance spetroscopy磁共振波谱成像81MTT mean transit time平均通过时间82NCAM neural cell adhesion molecule神经细胞黏附分子83NENs neuroendocrine neoplasms神经内分泌肿瘤84NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma鼻咽癌85NVC neurovascular compression神经血管压迫86OA osteoarthritis骨性关节炎87OFC orbitofrontal cortex眶额皮层88PASL pulsed arterial spin-labelling脉冲式动脉自旋标记89PBC primary biliary cholangitis原发性胆汁性胆管炎90Pca prostate cancer前列腺癌91pCASL pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling磁共振准连续动脉自旋标记92PD Parkinson's disease帕金森病93PLD postlabeling delay time标记后延迟时间94PSA prostate specific antigen前列腺特异性抗原95PVT paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus丘脑室旁核96PWI perfusion weighted imaging灌注加权成像97QSM quantitative susceptibility mapping定量磁化率成像98ReHo regional homogeneity局域一致性99rFOV-DWI reduced field of view diffusion weightedimaging小视野扩散加权成像100Sen sensitivity敏感度101Spe specificity特异度102SS straight sinus直窦103ss-ASL super-selective ASL超选择性动脉自旋标记技术104ssEPI single-shot echo-planar imaging单次激发平面回波成像105SSFP steady-state free precession稳态自由进动106SSS superior sagittal sinus上矢状窦107SWI susceptibility weighted imaging磁敏感加权成像108t-ASL territorial arterial spin labeling 血管选择性动脉自旋标记技术109TE echo time恢复时间110THRIVE T1-weighted high resolution isotropic volume imagingT1加权高分辨各向同性容积成像111T1WI T1 weighted image T1加权图像112T2WI T2 weighted image T2加权图像113TLE temporal lobe epilepsy颞叶癫痫114TrueFISP true fast imaging with steady-state precession 真稳态进动快速成像115TN true negative真阴性值116TP true positive真阳性值117TIC time intensity curve时间-信号强度曲线118TR repetition time重复时间119TTP time to peak达峰时间120UHB-rDWI ultrahigh-b radial DWI超高b值小视野弥散加权成像121VR volume rendering容积再现技术。