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Module 11 Body languageUnit 3 Language in use重点单词bring v. ( brought )带来目标语块 1. It’s important to do sth 做…是重要的 2. bow to say …鞠躬说… 3. greet old people 问候老人4. show respect 展示尊敬重点语法祈使句 【精讲01 词】►►►1. bring ，v ，意为“带来”其过去式为brought,常用短语:bring sb.sth.=bring sth.to sb. 意为“给某人带来某物”; bring up 意为“养育”。
【辨析】bring,take,carry 与get【典例】On my birthday my friends ________ some nice presents to me.知识精讲目标导航A．buy B．bring C．take D．make【精讲02 短语】►►►1.all right意为“好;行;可以”。
【辨析】right，all right和That’s all right.【典例】— Get dressed quickly, Mandy!— ________.A．Here are your clothes B．That sounds good C．All right, mom D．That’s all right【精讲03 语法】祈使句►►►1.【概念引入】祈使句用来表达叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、警告、请求、建议或命令等。
祈使句最常用来表达命令。
如：Go and wash your hands. 快去洗手。
（命令）Be quiet, please. 请安静。
（请求）Be kind to our sister. 要对我们的妹妹友善。
（劝告）Watch your steps. 走路小心。
（警告）No littering. 不要乱扔垃圾。
第 周 第 天 星期教学目标：1.会写“谜、氧”等14个字。
会写“发达、理论”等词语。
2.培养爱科学、学科学的兴趣和探索未知的好奇心。
（重点）3.进一步学会根据阅读目的选择合适的阅读方法，精读课文并查阅相关资料。
（难点）11 宇宙生命之谜①古时候，科学不发达，人们一直向往着“天上人间”和“天堂”。
于是，有了许许多多的故事：嫦娥奔月，仙女下凡，玉皇大帝，王母娘娘……现在，科学发达了，人们知道那都是古人编出来的神话。
但是，地球之外的太空中是否有生命存在，仍然是一个吸引人的问题。
②从理论上说，宇宙是无限的。
地球只是太阳系中的一颗行星，而太阳系只是银河系中一个极小的部分，银河系又是宇宙的沧c ān ɡ海一粟s ù。
整个银河系中有几千亿颗恒星，类似太阳系这样的天体系统为数不少，其中肯定有与地球类似的行星。
可以猜测，地球绝不是有生命存在的天体。
但是，人类至今尚未找到另外一颗具有生命的星球。
③哪些天体上可能有生命存在呢？这个天体又必须具备什么样的条件呢？人们了解了生命起源的过程第一部分（1）：写的是从古至今地球之外有没有生命一直是一个吸引人的问题。
思考： 文章开头为什么从古代神话谈起？ 既能引出说明的话题，又能激发读者的阅读兴趣。
生字新词（给生字注音并组词。
）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）第三部分（9-10）：人们至今没有在地球之外找到生命，但是仍然相信有生命存在，一直在探索宇宙生命之谜。
句子解析1.哪些天体上可能有生命存在呢？这个天体又必须具备什么样的条件呢？人们了解了生命起源的过程之后，认为至少应有这样几个条件……设问。
引起读者注意，启发读者思考，引出下文,承上启下。
2.地球之外是否有生命存在，是人类一直探索的宇宙之谜。
“一直”与第1自然段的“地球之外的太空中是否有生命存在，仍然是一个吸引人的问题”相呼应，既写出了人们的执着，也表现了科学家们不畏艰险、坚持探索的科学精神。
八年级下册语文生字词拼音及原文1、藤野先生1、上野的樱花烂漫时节，望去确也象fýi hïnɡ__________的轻云，但花下也少不了成群结队的“清国留学生”的速成班，头顶上盘着大辫子，顶的学生制帽的顶上高高耸起，形成一座富士山。
2、实在biüo zhì__________极了。
3、学年试验完毕后，我便到东京玩了一天，秋初再回到学校，成绩早已发表了，同学一百余人之中，我在中间，不过是没有luî dì__________。
4、日本报纸上很斥责他的bú xùn__________，爱国青年也愤然，然而暗地里却早受了他的影响了。
5、我便将这事告知了藤野先生；有几个和我熟识的同学也很不平，一同去jiã zã__________干事tuō cí__________检查的无礼，并且要求他们将检查的结果，发表出来。
6、也有解散辫子，盘得平的，除下帽来，yïu ɡuünɡ kþ jiàn__________________，宛如小姑娘的发髻一般，还要将脖子扭几扭。
7、每当夜间疲倦，正想偷懒时，仰面在灯光中瞥见他黑瘦的面貌，似乎正要说出yì yánɡ dùn cuî__________________的话来，便使我忽又良心发现，而且增加勇气了，于是点上一枝烟，再继续写些为“正人君子”之流所shýn wù tînɡ juã__________________的文字。
8，那坐在后面发笑的是上学年不及格的留级学生，在校已经一年，zhǎng gù__________颇为熟悉的了。
9，大略是说上年解剖学试验的题目，是藤野先生在讲义上做了记号，我预先知道的，所以能有这样的成绩，末尾是nìmíng__________。
七年级上册第一单元第11课时学习任务单———————写作指导：热爱生活，热爱写作（一）———————核心任务：初秋时节（片段写作）学习目标1.热爱自然、热爱生活，养成细心观察、勤于思考的习惯。
2. 热爱写作，明白写作与生活的关系，增强用语言文字表达思想感情的信心。
3. 用心感受大自然的景物变化，从描写大自然的优美诗文中吸取精神营养，并借鉴写作方法。
学习资源《热爱生活，热爱写作》、范文、学习任务单学习任务写前任务【阅读范文】秋九月的初秋，仍有着夏的余韵。
蛙声虫鸣逐渐稀落了，只有寒蝉依然在柳树上鼓噪着它的乐章。
水面荷瓣点点，藏在莲蓬中的莲子悄悄鼓胀起来。
玫瑰和月季仍然吐着芬芳，在渐冷的秋风中延续着生命的美丽。
桂花开了，在疏朗的月夜中散发着阵阵幽香。
“一阵秋雨一阵凉”，秋向深处走去，奏响了冬的序曲菊花却在这寒风中笑着、闹着，舞动着绚丽的花瓣，有的若绿波荡漾，有的如瀑布倾泻，有的像玉指纤……它们或清淡疏朗，或仪态万方，热热闹闹地打扮着秋天。
枫树也擎起了火炬，层林尽染，漫山红遍，那火热的色彩点燃了生命，也点燃了秋天松柏翠绿依旧，沉稳地微笑着，注视着这并不缺少色彩的秋天。
【自主评价】写中任务一、出示文题九月份，由夏入秋，天气转凉，昼夜温差大，自然景物、人们穿戴等方面也相应发生了许多变化。
你注意到了吗？到生活中去细心观察、体验，选取一个场景，写一段文字，描述这些变化。
别忘了取一个别致的题目。
二、审题要领1.注意“九月份”这个特定的时节，写出由夏入秋的各种变化。
这些变化体现在花草树木或晨昏朝暮的哪些方面？要写得具体明确，比如你的感受是“秋高气爽”，就要用特定的景物把这个感觉描绘出来。
2.做好“观察和体验”的准备工作，随时随地捕捉生活中的变化。
比如上学的路上留意路旁的同一棵树，台阶旁的爬山虎，天上的云彩，远处的山峦，行人的穿戴，市场上卖的各种新鲜瓜果蔬菜，等等。
可以是自然风景，也可以是社会生活。
要善于发现，你观察、感受到的点点滴滴都可能成为写作的素材，不妨都先记下来，再做取舍。
第10讲元素周期表知识网络图10.1元素周期表知识精讲俄国化学家门捷列夫于1869年编制了首张元素周期表，解释了化学元素间的内在联系。
1．元素周期表的编排原则（1）周期：具有相同的电子层数的元素按照原子序数递增的顺序从左到右排列成横行的一系列元素成为一个周期。
（2）族：最外层电子数相同，按电子层数依次递增的顺序上而下排列成纵行的一系列元素成为一个族。
原子序数与元素的原子结构之间的关系：原子序数＝核电荷数＝质子数＝核外电子数2．元素周期表的结构（7个周期，16个族）（1）横行：七个横行（七个周期）短周期：包括第一、第二、第三周期，分别有2、8、8种元素。
长周期：包括第四、第五、第六、第七周期，分别有18、18、32、32种元素。
（2）纵行：18个纵行（16个族）a、第8、9、10三个纵行叫第Ⅷ族，其余15个纵行，每个纵行标作一族b、电子层数=周期序数①主族：七个主族，用A表示；分别是IA、II A、III A、IV A、V A、VI A、VII Aa、第IA族（除氢外）：称碱金属元素，包括锂、钠、钾、铷、铯、钫第VIIA族：称卤族元素，包括氟、氯、溴、碘、砹元素b、同一主族的元素，最外层电子数相同．．．．．．．．c、主族序数= 最外层电子数= 最高正价= 8 -│负价│②副族：7个副族，用B表示；分别是IB、II B、III B、IV B、V B、VI B、VII B③第Ⅷ族：包括3个纵行；过渡元素（又叫过渡金属）：包括全部副族和第Ⅷ族④0族：指稀有气体元素。
【归纳小结】元素周期表需要掌握的知识点有以下几点：1.从左到右一共有18列，请说出从左到右族的名称？2.每一个周期能容纳多少个元素？计算出稀有气体的原子序数？3.同族的上下周期元素原子序数之间的关系3.要求写出前二十个元素的元素符号、和7个主族元素的所有符号、自己会画周期表4.二主族元素与三主族元素差多少个原子序数？5.指出镧系、锕系的位置、元素种数？6. 由原子序数确定元素位置的规律练习：根据元素周期表回答下列问题：1、在所有的族中，______元素种类最多；形成化合物种类最多的元素在______族。
实验探究题【内容讲解】一、科学探究的基本方法1.科学探究的重要性：科学的核心是探究。
科学探究是学习科学的一种重要方法。
科学探究也是现行科学教材中的一个重要组成部分。
2.科学探究的六个步骤：提出问题——建立猜测与假设——设计实验方案——获取事实与证据——检验与评价——合作与交流步骤一：提出科学问题提出问题需要注意的方面有：所提的问题应该与题目设置的情境有关,提出一些有思考价值或研究价值的问题。
“提出问题”时，应该用一个问句来表达而不能用一个陈述句；如“是什么”、“怎么样”、“为什么”等等。
步骤二：进行猜想或假设（1）作假设要有科学根据：主要是指已经掌握的科学知识、生活经验、事实等（2）作出的假设应该是可以通过科学探究来检验的，如：种子的萌发可能跟水的多少有关。
（3）建立猜想与假设时需要注意的方面：“假设”必须要用一个带有“可能”两字的陈述句，而不能是问句。
步骤三：制定计划，设计实验建立假设后要获得证据来验证假设，获得证据的途径有：实验；查阅资料；访谈；调查等。
初中阶段的实验主要是带有控制变量思想的对照实验控制变量法。
请把你操作后作出的结论记录到表格上。
操作感觉结论1234思考：1、“黑盒子实验”一定是黑的吗？这里表示什么意思？2、实际生活中，你还可以举哪些“黑盒子”实验呢？对黑盒的探究是不断的提出问题,建立假设,验证假设的过程,并且逐步接近盒中的物品，人们对许多问题的探究也是如此，科学家对科学的探究也是不断地提出问题建立假设,验证假设中逐渐逼近真理的过程。
3.脚印的探究①提出问题脚印的长度与人的身高有什么关系？？？②建立猜想和假设可能_____脚印越长,身高越高________________⑤得出结论⑥评价与交流：通过我们对数据处理，分析得出结论后，我们又如何去检验结论是不是正确呢？【经典例题】题型一：基本概念例1：为探究温度与蟋蟀鸣叫之间是否存在联系，某同学将蟋蟀放在以温度为变量的环境中饲喂，并在同一时间段内统计蟋蟀的呜叫次数，该研究过程主要采用了（）A．观察法 B．实验法 C．测量法 D．调查法答案：B解析：A、观察法是在自然状态下，研究者按照一定的目的和计划，用自己的感官外加辅助工具，对客观事物进行系统的感知、考察和描述，以发现和验证科学结论．观察法要求观察者对动物不施加任何影响，真实观察并记录，不符合题意；B、实验法是利用特定的器具和材料，通过有目的、有步骤的实验操作和观察、记录分析，发现或验证科学结论．题中叙述的某同学将蟋蟀放在以温度为变量的环境中饲喂，并在同一时间段内统计蟋蟀的鸣叫次数，是有目的、有步骤的实验操作和观察、记录分析的，符合实验法的要求，符合题意；C、测量是按照某种规律，用数据来描述观察到的现象，即对事物作出量化描述，故不符合题意；D、调查法是指通过一定的途径，深入实际了解特定事物以获得第一手资料并完成科技活动的方式，故不符合题意。
Unit 3The secret of success每个人都渴望成功，那么有没有成功的秘决呢？Secrets of Successful PeopleAre you equipped to succeed？People who are successful have certain qualities that lead them to greater heights.Nowadays，literature fills with texts written by people from all backgrounds who describe their recipes(秘诀) for success，regardless of their field.Because we live in an age of performance，where failure has become the largest of the crimes，it is no wonder so many people are looking for readymade recipes that give satisfactory results—and that too，quickly!But which of the many theories out there is correct？The truth is that they probably all contain a part of the solution，but none have it in entirety.This is because there's no recipe for success，at least not in general.The fact remains that if you have an interest in developing certain personal qualities，you can tip the odds more in your favor.By definition，charisma(魅力) is the power to please，and win with ease.Charismatic people have the ability to gather others to their cause because theyknow the importance of addressing people sincerely and simply.They have a sense of welldeveloped listening，give you their full attention when you speak，look you straight in the eye，call you by your name and even remember every detail of your past conversations，simply because they give you their full attention and sympathy.In turn，you want to associate more with them!What use are the qualities of charisma if you are in a hospital bed？The most important thing in life is one's health.You therefore need to invest time and money to maintain your health，changing physical and dietary habits.Finally，regardless of what field you're in，it is important to remain grounded and critical of your own actions.It really is the only way to see changes and be prepared enough to adapt quickly.The methods you use today to be successful may not be as effective a few years.Without losing confidence in your abilities，to question yourself can be the most effective thing!1．Why are so many people looking for recipes for success now?________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2．What's the main idea of the third paragraph?________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3．What is the most effective thing for you to adapt quickly?________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.Because they want satisfactory results quickly and no failure at all.2．The secret of charisma.3．Being critical of your own actions./Questioning yourself in a relevant context.Section ⅠWelcome to the unit &Reading—Preparing。
正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL)中华会计网校会计人的网上家园注册税务师考试辅导《税务代理实务》第十一章讲义3税务行政复议受理五、税务行政复议受理（熟悉）1.行政复议申请符合下列规定的，行政复议机关应当受理（重要）（1）属于规定的行政复议范围；（2）在法定申请期限内提出；（3）有明确的申请人和符合规定的被申请人；（4）申请人与具体行政行为有利害关系；（5）有具体的行政复议请求和理由；（6）符合《税务行政复议规则》第33条和第34条规定的条件；（7）属于收到行政复议申请的行政复议机关的职责范围；（8）其他行政复议机关尚未受理同一行政复议申请，人民法院尚未受理同一主体就同一事实提起的行政诉讼。
【例题1·单选题】（2000年）1998年8月1日某纳税人经税务部门实施纳税检查后认定其具有偷税行为，处以补缴税款5000元及一倍罚款、滞纳金300元的处理，当日纳税人不服，在缴完税金但未上交罚款、滞纳金的情况下，委托某税务师事务所代理复议，填写并向税务行政复议机关提交了《复议申请书》，税务行政复议机关答复为（）。
A.决定受理B.要求申请人限期补正C.不予受理D.移送其他税务机关[答疑编号6496110201]『正确答案』C【例题2·多选题】（2009年）下列的税务行政复议，复议机关不予受理的有（）。
A.没有明确的被申请人B.已向人民法院提出行政诉讼，未被受理C.已向其他法定复议机关提出申请，且受理D.纳税人就半年前的行政行为提出复议E.申请人死亡[答疑编号6496110202]『正确答案』ACD2.行政复议机关收到行政复议申请后，应当在5日内进行审查，决定是否受理。
3.对符合规定的行政复议申请，自行政复议机构收到之日起即为受理。
4.行政复议申请材料不齐全、表述不清楚的，行政复议机构可以自收到该行政复议申请之日起5日内书面通知申请人补正。
补正申请材料所用时间不计入行政复议审理期限。
十九畏歌诀的白话解释《十九畏歌诀》是一首具有强烈警示意义的古代诗歌，诗中列举了十九种应该引起人们警惕和畏惧的事物。
下面是对这十九种事物的白话解释。
1. 畏天命：人们应该尊重自然界的规律和秩序，意识到人类的力量有限，不可逾越自然的底线。
2. 畏天威：天灾人祸时刻都有可能发生，我们应该对这些不可控制的灾难保持敬畏之心。
3. 畏地震：地震是一种破坏力极强的自然灾害，我们应该对地震的威力和可能带来的灾难保持警觉。
4. 畏水深：水灾是常见的自然灾害之一，我们应该警惕水灾可能带来的破坏和伤亡。
5. 畏火热：火灾是生活中常见的安全隐患，我们应该警惕火灾可能带来的危险。
6. 畏风飘：强风可能带来破坏性的风灾，我们应该对风灾保持警惕。
7. 畏刀战：战争带来的伤害和破坏是巨大的，我们应该对战争持有警觉之心。
8. 畏贼盗：犯罪活动对个人和社会带来的危害不可忽视，我们应该警惕贼盗行为。
9. 畏虎豹：野生动物对人类的威胁是现实存在的，我们应该保持对野生动物的尊重和警惕。
10. 畏鬼神：尊重宗教信仰和神灵，不要触犯神灵的底线。
11. 畏贫困：贫困带来的生活困境和不公平是需要警惕和关注的。
12. 畏疾病：疾病对个人和社会的危害巨大，我们应该关注健康，预防疾病。
13. 畏残疾：残疾人群需要社会的关爱和关注，我们应该尊重并帮助残疾人。
14. 畏死亡：死亡是生命的终结，我们应该对生命的脆弱性保持敬畏和珍惜。
15. 畏无知：我们应该警惕自己的无知和无知带来的错误决策。
16. 畏官司：官司可能带来的纷争和法律风险需要我们保持警觉。
17. 畏坟墓：坟墓是人们的安息之所，应该对坟墓保持敬畏。
18. 畏孤独：孤独可能带来的心理问题需要我们关注和帮助。
19. 畏再生：我们应该对环境保护和可持续发展保持警觉，避免对地球的再生能力造成过大的破坏。
《十九畏歌诀》通过列举这些应该引起我们警惕和畏惧的事物，提醒人们保持谦虚和敬畏之心，珍惜生命和环境，追求和平与稳定。
第十一章五律协同原理第一节五类现象与五类规律一、五类现象现象是事物表现出来的、通常不需要理性思考就能被人所感觉到的一切情况，五类现象世界上的事物、现象千差万别，它们都有不同的规律。
自然现象、社会现象、经济现象、技术现象和环境现象是人类世界客观存在的五类现象。
二、五类规律制约人类发展的规律有五类——自然规律、社会规律、经济规律、技术规律和环境规律。
三、五律协同原理五类现象它们背后起决定和支配作用的是然规律、社会规律、经济规律、技术规律和环境规律。
人类要实现重大的战略目标，其行为必须同时遵循五类规律，即五律协同。
偏离规律的规则往往会成为事物发展的离心力，背离规律的规则成为发展的阻力，只有顺应规律的规则才能成为发展的动力。
宏观环境调控的基本原理是五律协同。
人类的目标具有多样性，对于特定目标而言，实现目标的途径也具有多样性。
一般而言，人类在实现重大目标的过程中，往往要受到多种规律的作用，规律的作用可以表现为三种状态：①规律的作用方向与目标一致者称为协同；②规律作用方向与目标相反者称为拮抗；③规律作用方向偏离预期目标者简称偏离。
显然，协同者是实现目标的动力，拮抗者是实现目标的阻力，偏离者是实现目标的离心力。
值得指出的是，规律作用的状态与人类实现预定目标所选择的途径有关，不同的途径，各类规律作用的状态是不同的。
在多种规律联合作用的情况下，为了实现既定目标，显然需要找到这样的途径，使得各种相关规律的作用都成为协同者。
人类实现重大战略目标，往往同时受到五类规律的作用，因此必须探索这样的途径，使五类规律的作用都成为协同者，从而使五类规律都成为实现目标的动力，这种状态称为“五律协同工第二节五律解析“人口一环境调控”一、自然解析人口再生产-自然资源，生、老、病、死。
自然规律1：人类特定的生育能力，决定了人口群体的相对稳定;自然规律2：正常的出生性别比保证人口稳定发展；自然规律3：任何人都不能避免生命机体的衰老；自然规律4：死亡是每个生命机体必经的历程。
第11课 岳阳楼记 学习目标重点难点知识与能力1.掌握“霏、浩浩汤汤”等文言字词的音形义。
2.理解全文内容，理解主题思想。
过程与方法1.学习文章把叙事、写景、抒情和议论巧妙地结合在一起的写法。
2.朗读、背诵全文，理解作者所阐述的主要观点。
情感态度与价值观深刻理解和正确评价范仲淹“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的生活理想和政治抱负，树立正确的人生观。
教学重点1.疏通文意， 理解作者“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的崇高思想境界。
2.学习文章叙事、写景、议论、抒情相结合的写法，体会文章骈散结合的句法形式。
3.有感情地朗读、背诵课文。
教学难点1.学习文章把叙事、写景、抒情和议论巧妙地结合在一起的写法。
2.理解作者所阐述的主要观点。
1.作者简介：《岳阳楼记》选自《范仲淹全集》，作者范仲淹(989—1052)，字希文，北宋政治家、文学家。
他出身贫寒，幼年丧父，对下层人民的痛苦感受极深。
26岁登进士第，因敢于直言强谏，屡遭贬斥，久不被重用。
宝元三年，任陕西经略安抚招讨副使，加强对西夏的防御，屡立战功。
庆历三年，西夏请和，范仲淹还朝，任参知政事。
曾提出十条改革措施，包括限制以“恩荫”为官、选用干练的人员、严格执行政令等，又主张兴修水利。
因遭保守派反对罢政，于庆历五年贬放邓州，之后还做过杭州、青州的太守。
后在赴颍州任途中病死。
谥号“文正”，世称“范文正公”，有《范文正公集》传世。
2.写作背景：《岳阳楼记》是范仲淹被罢去参知政事一职而贬官河南邓州时，应好友滕子京之请而作。
滕子京请范仲淹为重修岳阳楼写记，并送去一幅《洞庭晚秋图》。
范仲淹依据此图，凭着丰富的想象，写下了千古名篇《岳阳楼记》。
滕子京与范仲淹同年举进士，因才华出众但豪迈自负，被权贵所嫉，贬谪到岳州做太守。
范仲淹熟知他的思想和性格，想劝慰他，却一直无机会。
适逢滕子京重修岳阳楼，请范仲淹代笔记胜，这就给了范仲淹一个规箴知己的好机会，因自己在贬中，亦有抒发自己理想的需要，于是范仲淹就写下了这篇抒发自己胸襟、规劝朋友的千古名篇。
九上11《岳阳楼记》第一部分知识梳理一．重点词语：谪（zhé）：封建社会官吏降职或远调。
衔：用嘴含着，指包含。
霪（yín）雨霏霏（fēi）：阴雨连绵。
怒号（háo）：吼叫。
冥冥（mínɡ）：昏暗。
岸芷（zhǐ）汀（tīnɡ）兰；岸上的香草，小洲上的兰花。
浩浩汤汤：水势浩大的样子。
横无际涯．：宽阔无边。
涯，边。
连月不开．：天气放晴。
去国．．怀乡：离开国都。
忧谗．畏讥．：谗：诽谤性话语。
讥：讥笑，讥讽，挖苦。
满目萧然．．：萧条冷落的景象。
波澜不惊．：这里有“起”“动”的意思。
上下天光．：天色，湖光。
浮光跃金．．：金色的月光闪耀跳动。
静影沉璧．：圆形的玉。
此乐何极．．：哪有尽头。
把酒临风．．：把：持，执。
临风：迎着风。
嗟（jiē）夫；叹词。
噫（yī）：叹词。
二．文言知识积累：（1）通假字百废具．兴（“具”同“俱”，全、皆）属．予作文以记之（“属”同“嘱”，嘱托）（2）一词多义和：政通人和（和乐）至若春和景明（和煦）通：政通人和（顺利）北通巫峡（通向）极：南极潇湘（至、到达）此乐何极（尽头）感极而悲者矣（到达极点）观：予观夫巴陵胜状（看、观赏）此则岳阳楼之大观也（景象）一：在洞庭一湖（全，整个）一碧万顷（数词，一）长烟一空（全）空：浊浪排空（天空）长烟一空（消散）国：去国怀乡（国都）国恒亡（国家）以：不以物喜（介词，因为）属予作文以记之（连词，来）或：而或长烟一空（有时候）或异二者之为（或许、也许）（3）词类活用庆历四年春，滕子京谪守．巴陵郡（名词作动词，做……太守）百废．具兴（形容词用作名词，荒废了的事业）先．天下之忧而忧，后．天下之乐而乐。
（形容词作状语，在……之前；形容词作状语，在……之后）北．通巫峡（方位名词作状语，向北）（4）古今异义①国：去国怀乡：古义：国都。
今义：国家。
②景：至若春和景明：古义：日光。
今义：景致，风景。
③集：沙鸥翔集：古义：停息。
今义：泛指聚集。
第 周 第 天 星期教学目标：1.认识本课“诱、舔”等11个生字,认识多音字“处、稍”，培养主动识字的习惯。
2.正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。
（重点）3.默读课文，理解课文内容，体会蚂蚁队长以身作则、严守纪律的美好品质。
（难点）11 一块奶酪辛勤①蚂蚁队长集合好队伍，向大家宣xu ān布：“今天搬运粮食，只许出力，不许偷嘴。
谁偷了嘴就要处罚谁。
” ②一只小蚂蚁在队列里嘀d ī咕：“要是偷嘴的是您呢？”蚂蚁队长说：“照样要受处罚。
”③ 大家一听，都来劲了，争先恐后赶到运粮地点，抢着抬大的，搬重的，谁也不愿偷懒。
④就在这时，蚂蚁队长发现了一块大奶酪。
那块奶酪实在太大了，它左抬抬不起，右搬搬不动，只好叫来七八只小蚂蚁当助手。
⑤奶酪多诱y òu人啊！抬着它，不要说吃，单是闻闻，都要淌t ǎn ɡ口水。
小蚂蚁们嘴叼着它，要做到不趁机舔ti ǎn一下，那要多大的毅y ì力，多强qi án ɡ的纪律性啊！⑥蚂蚁队长叼着奶酪一角往前拽zhu ài着，也许是用力过猛，一下就把那个角拽掉了。
盯着那一点掉在地上的奶作者介绍：辛勤：笔名良驽，木兰。
课文分段： 第一部分（第1-3自然段）：总写蚂蚁队长对搬运粮食的蚂蚁下令不许偷嘴，自己也不例外。
第二部分（第4-12自然段）：面对一块奶酪渣的诱惑，蚂蚁队长以身作则，遵守纪律，让最小的蚂蚁生字新词（给生字注音并组词。
）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）句子解析1.就在这时，蚂蚁队长发现了一块大奶酪。
那块奶实在太大了，他左抬抬不起，右搬搬不动，只好叫来七八蚂蚁当助手。
蚂蚁队长自己抬不动，需要七八只小蚂蚁帮忙，这块奶酪可真大啊！“只好”一词用得非常准确，既说明了蚂蚁队长的无可奈何，也强调了奶酪的大。
2.盯着那一点儿掉在地上的奶酪渣，蚂蚁队长想：丢掉，实在太可惜；趁机吃掉它，又要犯不许偷嘴的禁令。
怎么办呢？他的心七上八下，只好下令：“休息一会儿！”心理活动描写。
考试介绍：：两人一组（人数为奇数或者人数过多的次天下午可能为三人一组）≈14min（20min）[对象选择:同一场次的任意一名考生,最好事先找好配合对象]两位考官主考---interlocutor提问考官& assessor评分考官：Part one---conversation对话≈3min（日常会话，有关个人信息和一般商务问题，提前准备可能问题，回答简明）Part two---mini-presentation简短发言≈6min（三题中任选一题，一分钟准备，演讲一分钟，A考生阐述，B考生根据内容提一问题，A 回答，然后调换）Part three---discussion讨论≈5min（讨论商务语境中的工作话题三分钟，30秒读题准备，讲究配合，阐述最好有引导性结尾，提示对方接话，避免尴尬冷场，若讨论不饱满，考官会问following-up questions）Part One：ConversationAsking about personal particulars: Name, hometown, family, interest, major/jobName:What’s your（full）name?May I have your name？Would you please tell me your name？What shall I call you?What do your friends call you？/What do your parents call you at home?How do you spell your name?Hometown：Where are you from?Where do you live?Do you like living in…?What’s the advantage of living in city?Where would you like rather live…or…? (Why?)Can you tell me something about your hometown?·Location·Industry·Job opportunityI come from , a city very close to . It is very famous forand has attracted millions of tourists every year.I come from , a city located in the . It is famous forwhich has created considerable job opportunities for the local people.I come from , a small city to be exact. However, it is developing so fast that I’m shocked by it every time when I go back home.Family：Can you tell me something about your family?How many people are there in your family?Do you come from a large family or a small family?Can you tell me a bit about sb. in your family?Interest:What do you usually so in your free time?Do you have much free time?How do you spend your free time?What do you do in your free time?What’s your hobby?Why do you like…?Major/job:Do you work or are you a student in…?·studyingI am a , majoring in in university. What do you study?/ What’s your major?Why do you choose…as your major?·Interest·Practical, popular, help me find an ideal job·Family influenceWhat do you like most about your major/study?What would you like to do after you finish your study?·look for a job/ hunt for a job·study further for the post graduate degree·go abroad/ further my study abroadWhat are you doing now for the preparation of your future plan? ·knowledge preparation·language·improve interpersonal communication skills·social experience(internship, part-time job)·workingWhat do you do?I am working as in a company.What do you like most about your job?(Why?)·Competitive payment·Attractive benefits·Career development·Pleasant working environment·Harmonious interpersonal relation·Flexible working hour·Good reputation·Training opportunityWhat do you think of your present job?What would your ideal job be?What kind of job do you like most?Do you think it’s better to work for one company or a number of companies?Is the opportunity to work in another country important to you?·broaden one’s horizon/ an eye-opener·improve my English speaking ability·get to know another culture·enhance my ability to live independentlyDo you think companies should provide training for staff?Asking about personal views:1.Why do you study English?2.Why do you want to study business?3.What do you think of some modern methods of payment (credit cards, cheques, banktransfers)?4.What role does the computer play in modern business?5.What are some necessary steps for preparing a business trip overseas? (arrange flight andaccommodation, prepare necessary documents ,catalog, price list, passport, visa)6.Which kind of office would you prefer to work in, cellular or an open-plan office?7.What do you think of international trade?8.How to deal with customer enquires on the phone?9.What is your usual means of transportation? Compare the various means of transportation.10.How to ensure a healthy working environment for employees? What are some health hazardsin the office/factory shop? What safety measures should be adopted in the workplace?11.How to keep a balance between growth and environment protection?12.What are your favorite/TV/radio programs? Why?13.What kind of role does advertising play in promoting your products/services? Which form ofadvertising is most effective in your opinion?14.What are the required qualities of a modern manager?15.What do you think about flexible time?Part Two：Mini-Presentation答题模式：·Introduction（一到两句）·Main part（三到四个要点）·Conclusion（不一定要有）Introduction：Well, I’d like to make a short/brief/mini/one-minute presentation on the topic…Well, I choose topic… As far as I am concerned, there are 3 things to consi der/cover. Well, when it comes to…, several vital factors must be taken intoaccount/consideration.Main part：First, Second, Third, Last but not leastFirstly, Secondly, Thirdly/lastlyFirst of all, In addition, FurthermoreTo begin with, Besides, What’s moreFor one thing, For anotherOn one hand, On the other handConclusion：In short/On the whole/To sum upAnyway, that’s why I think so.Thank you very much for listening.Before we close, let me just summarize the main points.While there are also oth er considerations in…but I believe the factors mentioned above are the most significant ones.Eg.WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…?Selecting applicants for a job•Working experience•Personal qualities••Well, I choose topic…. As far as I am concerned, there ar e 3 things to be considered.First of all, we should take … into consideration.In addition, … should be another important point.Furthermore, we should not ignore…While there are also other considerations in…but I believe the factors mentioned above are the most significant ones.企业对员工：Company to staff·Competitive payment·Attractive benefits·Career development·Pleasant working environment·Harmonious interpersonal relation·Flexible working hour·Good reputation·Training opportunity1、招聘WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…?Selecting applicants for a job●Working experience●Personal qualities●Sample：Well, I choose topic A, what is important when selecting applicants for a job. As far as I am concerned, there are 3 things to be considered.First of all, we should take working experience into consideration. Applicants who have already had the work experience in the relevant fields will learn the new job easier and quicker. And it will also save the company a lot of training fees if the applicant has related experience.In addition, personal qualities of the applicants should be another important point. Companies tend to employ people whose character fits a special job. For example, consulting company tends to employ applicants who are analytical and knowledgeable, but advertising agents like their employees to be energetic and creative.Furthermore, we should not ignore language ability. A foreign language especially English is needed if the company wants to expand to the world. Applicants who can speak one or more foreign languages will have a better chance to get the job. 类似题型：[WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…? Selecting a retail sales assistant] WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…?Trying to attract new staff●competitive wage●company reputation●Well, I choose topic A, what is important when trying to attract new staff. As far as I am concerned, there are 3 things to be considered.First of all, we should take competitive wage into consideration. A higher pay is the reorganization of one’s ability and performance to some degree. There’s no doubt that a well-paid job will be so attractive to a lot of applicants.In addition, company reputation should be another important point. People would feel much honor in a big company and that will motivate them to work harder in their job.Furthermore, we should not ignore pleasing environment. This may include comfortable office, modern facilities, a lounge or even a staff canteen.While there are also other considerations in trying to attract new staff, but I believe the factors mentioned above are the most significant ones.2、团队合作WHAT IS IMPORT ANT WHEN…?Choosing people to work in teams●Variety of experience●Personal qualities●Well, I choose topic A, what is important when choosing people to work in teams.As far as I am concerned, there are 3 things to be considered.First of all, we should take variety of experience into consideration. Variety of experience and a broad horizon would help to tackle urgent matters and establish his or her personal prestige. Well-experienced staff are capable of overcoming storms and crises.In addition, personal qualities should be another important point. The basis of the team work is mutual trust and friendly atmosphere. We need to choose people with qualities good manners, patience, modesty, leadership, good interpersonal skills.Furthermore, we should not ignore time pressure. When the project is being processed, there will be a lot of commercial activities involved. Such as investment banks advance cash, raw material supply, planning permission, sub-contract. Failure to stick to the schedule will affect above matters.While there are also other considerations in choosing people to work in teams, but I believe the factors mentioned above are the most significant ones.3、激励员工WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…?Selecting staff for promotion●attitude to work●current performance●Well, I choose topic A, what is important when selecting staff for promotion. As far as I am concerned, there are 3 things to be considered.First of all, we should take attitude to work into consideration. That means if he always come to work on time and willing to sacrifice his personal time to complete extra job.In addition, current performance should be another important point. I mean whether he work efficiently with high quality. If one devoted more in his work, he may make progress more quickly.Furthermore, we should not ignore work-related qualities, such as education background, working years and so on. Education background offers the necessary knowledge and theory for the job. And longer working year helps in accumulating more experience and abilities.While there are also other considerations in selecting staff for promotion, but I believe the factors mentioned above are the most significant ones.类似题型[WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…? A iming to increase staff productivity] 4、WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…?Aiming to reduce staff turnover●Financial incentives●Career structure●Well, I choose topic A, what is important when aiming to reduce staff turnover. As far as I am concerned, there are 3 things to be considered.First of all, we should take financial incentives into consideration. Staff want some sort of recognition for the job that they do. Correct financial benefits plan will arouse their enthusiasm; otherwise they would feel being ignored. So we’d better give reward for their contribution to the company and what they are worth.In addition, career structure should be another important point. Very few people like to stay in their positions until they retire. They all wish to have better jobs. If they can join some sort of training programmes, the staff turnover may decline and the employees' motivation may arouse.Furthermore, we should not ignore pleasing work environment. This may include comfortable office, modern facilities, proper lighting and noise control.While there are also other considerations in aiming to reduce staff turnover, but I believe the factors mentioned above are the most significant ones.类似题型：[WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…? Aiming to keep good staff] [WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…? Motivating staff]员工对企业：Staff to company·Work performance·Education background·Work experience·Qualifications·Personal qualities1、求职WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN…?Preparing for a job interview●Studying the job advertisement●Finding out about the company●I choose topic A, what is important when preparing for a job interview. As far as I am concerned, there are 3 things to be considered.First of all, we should take studying the job advertisement into consideration. By studying the job advertisement, we can match your knowledge, skills and abilities with the specifications required for the post.In addition, finding out about the company should be another important point, such as its image, structure, existing problems, requirements, campaigns and future plans. As a Chinese saying goes: “know the opponent and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles without defeat.”Furthermore, we should not ignore preparing ourselves psychologically and this will help you combat stress. We should show our confidence and capacity to convince the interviewer that I’m the best choice.While there are also other considerations in preparing for a job interview, but I believe the factors mentioned above are the most significant ones.2、团队合作WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN...?Cooperating and sharing work●Fostering collaborative spirits●sharing work reasonably and fairly●Well, I choose topic A, what is important when cooperating and sharing work. As far as I am concerned, there are 3 things to be considered.First of all, we should take fostering collaborative spirit into consideration. As we all know, no single individual is almighty. People in teamwork can be creative and more productive, so collaborative spirit is the soul of a successful team.In addition, sharing work reasonably and fairly should be another important point. Different people have various personalities and skills, and it is sharing work properly in terms of members' traits that makes the key of successful cooperation.Furthermore, we should not ignore the function of timely feedbacks. It is necessary for a team to collect its members frequent feedbacks by having regular meetings, which can provide chances to solve the problems and correct the mistakes in the cooperation and sharing work in time.While there are also other considerations in cooperating and sharing work, butI believe the factors mentioned above are the most significant ones.3、晋升WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHE N…?Aiming for promotion●attitude to work●quality of performance●Well, I choose topic A, what is important when aiming for promotion. As far as I am concerned, there are 3 things to be considered.First of all, we should take attitude to work into consideration. That means we will always come to work on time and willing to sacrifice our personal time to complete extra job.In addition, quality of performance should be another important point. I mean we need to work efficiently with high quality. We’d better devoted more in our work so that we may make progress more quickly.Furthermore, we should not ignore work-related qualities, such as education background, working years and so on. Education background offers us the necessary knowledge and theory for the job. And longer working year helps in accumulating more experience and abilities.While there are also other considerations in aiming for promotion, but I believe the factors mentioned above are the most significant ones.提问方式：1.就具体的点提问You have mentioned that financial incentives are very important in reducing staff turnover. What kinds of financial incentives are often used in companies?2.提出个人质疑I don’t think training opportunity can always reduce staff turnover because sometimes training is a very time-wasting thing. What’s your opinion of it?3.提出新观点I think pleasant working environment is also very important in reducing staff turnover. Do you agree with me?。
【暑假衔接】专题11 课内阅读课内阅读理解在小学语文中占有越来越重要的位置。
很多同学碰到阅读题型就表现出畏难情绪，答题不完整又答不到点子上。
其实，课内阅读理解题并不难，只要掌握一些类型题的解题方法，大部分题还是能够正确解答的。
只要掌握了阅读理解的解题要求和做题思路，难题就会迎刃而解，收到事半功倍的效果。
在小学二年级，学习的课内阅读重点指导学习用普通话正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文，学习独立识字，能借助韩愈拼音认识汉字，学会用音序查字法查字典扫除阅读中的障碍。
联系上下文理解词语的意思，体会课文中关键词句表达的意思，增强对课文的感受、理解能力。
1.课内阅读需要掌握的知识。
(1)初读课文，学会字词，了解大意。
通读全文，了解文章大意，整体上把握文章的内容。
利用工具书，结合上下文学习生字和新词。
同时对文章的语言、作者的思路及写作目的有一个大体的了解，为进一步深入理解课文打下基础。
(2)细读课文，弄懂句段，分清上下文联系。
①按自然段顺序逐字逐句地读，读懂每一句话的意思，弄清句与句之间的关系，再根据每句话的意思，理解每个自然段的内容。
②在理解每个自然段内容的基础上，弄清段与段之间的关系，从段与篇的内在联系上加深对课文内容的理解。
③在阅读中发现问题，提出疑难，深入思考，解惑释疑。
2.二年级主要学习对词语的理解和段的阅读把握。
阅读一篇文章，要先理解文中词语的意思，然后通读全文，初步了解全文讲的是什么，再一个自然段一个自然段地仔细阅读，再归纳出文章的主要内容，最后体会文章的思想感情。
理解词语的方法有很多：(1)借助字典和词典，弄清词语的意思。
(2)结合上下文，在语境中理解词语的意思。
(3)联系生活实际理解词语的意思。
(4)借助图画、实物、动作等理解词语的意思。
(5)借助想象理解词语的意思。
段的阅读要注意：(1)利用典型课文中的典型段落进行卓有成效的训练。
在阅读段时可以这样设问①这个自然段共有几句话？②每一句话的意思是什么？③这段话主要讲什么？④这段话是按什么关系连结起来的？通过这样的训练，既教给了学生读段的方法，又培养了学生的分析概括能力。
