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2009.12Passage OneThroughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidate s and how they’ll change America.(tense 紧张的;election 选举;candidate 候选人)贯穿这场漫长紧张的选举,每个人都关注着总统候选人,同时也关注着他们将如何改变美国。
Rightly so. But selfishly, I’m more fascinate d by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman.(rightly 恰当地;selfishly 自私的;fascinate 使着迷,入迷)确实如此。
但是自私的说,我对Michelle Obama和她可能会做的事更感兴趣——不是为了国家,而是为我这个非裔美国人As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rare ly see.(potential 潜在的;type 类型;模范;rarely很少地,难得;罕有地;)作为潜在的第一夫人,她将得到世界的关注。
那意味着人们第一次有机会近距离看到他们向来视而不见的非裔美国女性。
Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-temper ed single mothers who can’t keep a man.(largely 主要的;大量的;unexamine 不受检查;prevailing 流行的;theory 理论;temper 脾气;single 单身的,单程)通常来讲,黑人女性的生活不受关注。
ContentsTOEIC V ocabulary-Ads for Job (2)TOEIC V ocabulary-Announcement&Information (2)TOEIC V ocabulary-Business Letters (2)TOEIC V ocabulary-Contract (3)TOEIC V ocabulary-Invitation (3)TOEIC V ocabulary-Newspaper Article (4)TOEIC V ocabulary-Sports Match (4)TOEIC V ocabulary-Statistical Figures (5)TOEIC V ocabulary-Statistics Graph (5)TOEIC V ocabulary-Travel (6)TOEIC V ocabulary-TV&Radio (6)TOEIC V ocabulary-Weather Report (7)TOEIC Vocabulary 1-Ads for Joboccupation 职位vacancy 空位business office 办公室pay 待遇leave 休假head office 总公司branch office 分公司sales department 业务部accounting department 会计部promotion 升迁demotion 降级sign up 签雇用合约dismissal 解雇president 董事长general manager 总经理supervisor 总管a letter of recommendation 推荐信bonus 分红commute 通勤Applications must arrive no later than 申请函必须在……之前到达Applications should be postmarked no latter than 申请函上邮戳在……之前有效inflation-linked pay increase 通货膨胀连动型调薪is considered 是可考虑得is preferred 认为……比较好is required 是必须的is negotiable 是可商谈的labor management 劳工管理labor market 劳工市场Master of Business Administration 工商管理学硕士names of reference 保证人opening 空缺part-time position 兼职工作prior experience 过去的经历renewable for only once 仅可延长一次的合同salary is competitive 高薪transit 中转transportation 运输the position is un-renewable 此职位无法延长(合同)short-listed applicants 初审合格者inter-office memo 公司内部便条billboard告示牌TOEICVocabulary-Announcement & Informationspecial offer 特卖fare change 价格变动arrival of a guest 贵宾来访across-the-broad 全盘的admission fee 入场费air fare 航空费用assembly 议会attraction 吸引人之物claim 主张collapse 瓦解condition 条件、状况current fare 现行价格deficit-ridden 受举债之苦的evidence 证据explicitly 明确指出地fare hike 价格波动warrant 权限fare reduction 降价harbinger 预兆implicitly 暗含的inconclusively 味觉状态的water rates 水费provisional 暂时的=tentatively requirement 必要条件reveal 损失,透露room charge 住房费scapegoat 替罪TOEICVocabulary-Business Lettersaccount 交易对象close a deal 成交make a contract 签约break a contract 毁约exhibition 展示会presentation 发布会bilateral trade 双边贸易car shipment 汽车出口collapse 决裂dumping 倾销embargo 禁止通商fiscal year 会计年度gain compliance 获得承认grant 无偿帮助import duties 进口关税make concession 让步margin 盈余loss 损失official statistics 官方统计quotations 报价references 照会对象self-restraint 自我设限terms 支付条款trade deficit 贸易赤字trade surplus 贸易盈余untied loan 自由融资World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织telephone bill 电话账单TOEICVocabulary-Contractaffiliation 附属annual wage increase 年薪调升call for 要求collective bargaining 集体交涉contract 合同convention 大会cooperation 合作coordination 协调employee 雇员employer 雇工labor 劳工labor accident 劳工灾害labor contract 劳工合同management 经营者labor-management struggle 劳资斗争penal regulation 惩罚规则proposal 提议protest 抗议reach an agreement 达成协议stage a strike 发起罢工terms of contract 合同条款wage 实施the Japanese Trade Union Confederation 日本劳工团体联盟the right to strike 罢工权the right to work 工作权wage dispute 薪金争议working hours 工作时间TOEICVocabulary-Invitationwrite someone over 请人来thank-you note 致谢函get-together 亲朋好友的聚会cocktail party 以喝酒为主的聚会dress-up party 必须盛装赴会的宴会acceptance speech (提名之)接受演说after-dinner speech 餐后演说award ceremony 颁奖仪式dedication 献辞deliver an address 发表演说express one's condolence over 悼念farewell address 告别演说inaugural ceremony 就职演说nomination speech 提名演说opening ceremony 开幕仪式party convention 当大会pay a tribute to 向……致赞美之词piano recital 钢琴演奏会publication party 出版招待会wedding banquet 婚宴welcome party 欢迎会you're cordially invited to 竭诚欢迎您的光临TOEICVocabulary-Newspaper Articleaction plan 行动计划afterward-looking posture 后顾的姿态approve protocol 批准协议书assume office 就任bilateral trade 两国间的贸易coalition government 联合政府economic summit 经济峰会forward-looking posture 前瞻的姿态in favor of 支持incumbent president 现任总统interpellation 质询itinerary 路线,日程表launch 开始legal ground 法律依据mainstream faction 主流派military buildup 增强军备multi-lateral relations 多边关系Diet 国会news agency 新闻通讯社opposition party 反对党public pledge 公开宣言resume talks 重开会谈ruling party 执政党run in election 参选sectionalism 派系主义trade friction贸易摩擦troubleshooter 调解纠纷的人withdraw 撤退,取钱TOEIC Vocabulary-Sports Matchbaseball 棒球football 美式足球soccer 英式足球tennis 网球volleyball 排球table tennis 乒乓球swimming scuba diving 潜水fishing 钓鱼surfing 冲浪sailing 帆船比赛water-skiing 滑水rowing 划船sledding 滑雪橇skating 溜冰horseback riding 骑马hiking 徒步旅行arch rival 劲敌contestant 选手clear the qualifying round 通过预赛dope 服兴奋剂consolation match to decide third place 决出第三名的安慰赛doping check 药物检查elimination 淘汰the final round 决赛hold a tournament 举办大会home-town 当地的make a reservation 预约the opening game 开场赛pace settler 领跑者play-off 加赛preliminary 预赛quarter finals 四分之一决赛record-breaking 破纪录的runner-up 亚军seed 种子选手season-ticket 赛季联赛secure the second place 得第二名semifinals 半决赛sports lottery 体育彩票superpartisan support 超党派支持visitor 客队ticket agency 售票处underdog 败方win the contest 获胜goalkeeper 守门员defense 后卫jersey 运动衫TOEIC Vocabulary -Statistical Figuresbank account balance 银行的存款real estate transaction 房地产交易credit card 信用卡utilities 水电气费currency exchange 货币兑换as long as 只要as many as 多达as much as 和……一样多checking account 活期存款acute 敏锐的affluent 丰富的approval rating 支持率be on the increase 增加中death of 缺乏……death toll 死亡人数fast fading 急速消失hamper 阻碍,抑制long-standing 经年累月的long-term 长期的money marketing account 利息高、每月开支票数有限制的存款账户mortgage 抵押out of control 失去控制out of one's reach 力所不能及之处preliminary standard 预选标准prestigious 有名声的prospect 预估recession 衰退,不景气record 记录soar 上升,突破short-term 短期的surpass 超越special supplement 特别附录under control 在控制中vicinity 临近TOEICVocabulary-Statistics Graphbar graph 条线图line graph 曲线图pie graph 扇形图opinion survey 民意调查demographics 人口统计exchange rate 汇率变化birth rate 出生率approval rate 支持率findings 调查结果advanced age 高龄alternative 替代性amount to 达到……at the age of 在……岁时campaign 活动covert 秘密的,(反)overt 公开的in contrast to 与……相反的in search of 搜索juvenile delinquency 少年犯罪prevalent 盛行的prior to 先于probe 严密的调查problematic 有问题的projections 预测,推测reception 接受register a drop 显现出下降情况replacement 替代screening 试镜successive 相继的unstable 不安定的suspension 暂时中止tabulation 表格take a pool 进行民意调查widespread 广泛普及的witness 目击者tumultuous 激昂的turnout 集合的人群TOEIC Vocabulary-Travelline 铁路线passenger car 客车厢freight car 货车厢dining car 餐车厢conductor 乘务员express train 快车local train 慢车junction 列车枢纽站transfer 转乘on/behind/ahead of schedule 准时/晚点/提前one-way trip ticket 单程票round-trip ticket 往返票lane 车道turnpike 收费高速公路shortcut 捷径cut corners 抄近路traffic jam 交通堵塞air turbulence 乱流arrivals 到达aviation sources 航空信息来源back round trip ticket 返程票crew 机组成员cumulonimbus 积雨云currency exchange 货币兑换departures 处罚航班evacuate 撤退go off on a trip 外出旅行have tires punctured 爆胎intersection 交叉路口non-refundable 不可退款的non-stop 直达车on board 乘(船、飞机等)opposite side 相反方向out-of-court settlement 庭外和解out-of-service train 回程车overbook 超过既定预约人数passenger jetliners 喷气式客机derail 脱轨reconfirmation 再确认service charge 服务费subway 地铁trespass in national airspace 侵犯领空trek 长途跋涉之旅TOEIC Vocabulary-TV & Radioaccused 被告adult 成年人allegedly 据称a stay of executive 缓刑aviation history 航空史break out in 在……发生casualty 死伤者collide with 与……冲撞crack 龟裂crash 坠机damages 损害赔偿金defendant 被告derail 脱轨devastating 破坏性的drawing 抽签emergency landing 紧急迫降inheritance 继承has been missing 行踪不明hit 袭击fire 火灾jolt 晃动lawyer 律师lottery 彩票minor 未成年人official communique 正式公报plaintiff 原告,起诉者prosecution 起诉property 财产rock (地震等)前后摇晃run into 冲撞the second worst disaster 第二严重的灾难take place 发生TOEICVocabulary-Weather Reportshower 阵雨storm 暴风雨rainstorm 雨暴rainfall 降雨量rain cats and dogs 倾盆大雨hail 冰雹lightening rod 避雷针fog 雾sleet 雨夹雪heavy snowfall 大雪blizzard 大风雪breeze 微风tornado 龙卷风wind velocity 风速temperature 气温thermometer 温度计humidity 湿度atmospheric pressure 气压flood 洪水avalanche 雪崩Antarctic 南极Arctic 北极be spawned 发生(台风等)blast of cold air 冷空气来袭central barometric reading 中心气压chill 寒气的cold wave 寒流crisp 舒爽的exploration 探险队heat wave breaks 热浪消失heavy fog 浓雾it's raining hard 雨正下得大Meteorological Agency 气象局mild winter 暖冬rain cloud 雨云photochemical smog 光化学烟雾scorching 酷热的snowstorm 暴风雪sizzling (水滚热时的)嘶嘶声summery 夏季的taper off 逐渐停止tropical depression 热带低气压typhoon area 台风圈visibility 可见度warm current 暖流weather station 气象台weatherperson 天气预报员wintry 冬天般的shape up 成型,发展fair sky 美丽的天空spell 意味着light wind 轻风muggy 闷热的precipitation 雨量TOEIC Vocabulary 2About Accountingaccountant n.会计(员), 会计师CPA: Certified Public Accountantaudit n.审计, 稽核, 查帐vt.稽核, 旁听vi.查账auditor n.审计员, 核数师financial statements 财务报表income statement(P/L) 损益表profit and lossbalance sheet (B/S) 资产平衡表cash flow statement (C/S) 现金流量表close the book结算表cut-off date 结算日transaction 交易profit/ loss 利益/损失net 净gross 总的GDPsales 销售gross margin 毛利,总利润general and administrative expense 一般管理费operating income 营业利润earning 收益revenue 收入expense 费用pre-tax 税前tax provison 税金bottom line 最终损益inventory 库存credit 信用accounts receivable 应收账款accounts payable 应付账款depreciation n.贬值, 减价, 跌落, 折旧amortization n.摊销,摊还,分期偿付n.分期偿还write off 注销,取消cash equivalents 现金等价物asset 资产liability 负债st ockholder’s equity 股东资产currrent asset/fixed asset 流动资产/固定资产contingency n.偶然, 可能性, 意外事故, 可能发生的附带事件retained earnings剩余资金off balance 不平衡,账外undervalue低估turnover 周转accrual basis 发生制cash basis 现金制consolidated 加固的;整理过的;统一的tax-effect 征税效应window dressing n. 橱窗装饰About Financefiscal year 财年quarter 季度term n.学期, 期限, 期间, 条款, 条件, 术语financial adj.财政的, 金融的budget n.预算vi.做预算, 编入预算profit margin n. 利润率,利润profitable adj.有利可图的mark up 标高价格gain n.财物的增加, 财富的获取, 利润, 腰槽, 收获operating expense营业费用overhead 一般管理费用purchasing expense 购买费用expenditure 支出,经费rent of premises 企业租赁费billing invoicing 记帐retrench vt.紧缩, 节约, 减少, 删除, 给...筑围墙vi.紧缩, 节省cost 成本,花费direct cost/indirect cost 直接成本/间接成本unit cost 单价debt n.债务, 罪过principal n.负责人, 首长, 校长, 主犯, 本金adj.主要的, 首要的interest rate 利率default n.默认(值), 缺省(值), 食言, 不履行责任, v.疏怠职责, 缺席, 拖欠, 默认dividend n.被除数, 股息, 红利, 额外津贴, 奖金, 年息return 利润rate of return 利润率loan-loss provisions/bad-loan provisions 坏账准备About Companypublic-held corporation 上市公司small to medium companies 中小企业moms and pops 家族企业start-up company 初创企业angel 个人投资者incubator n.培养的器具, 孵卵器, 早产儿保育器corporation 企业enterprise 企业firm 公司affiliate company 关联企业headquarters 总部subsidiary 子公司wholly-owned 全资的branch 分部arm 分店,子公司parent company 父公司holding company 控股公司conglomerate 联合体joint venture 合资企业franchiser n.经销商, 代销商consortium n.社团, 协会, 联盟department n.部, 局, 处, 科, 部门, 系, 学部division 部门found v.建立, 创立, 创办, 使有根据, 铸造, 熔制establish vt.建立, 设立, 安置, 使定居, 使人民接受, 确定v.建立incorporate adj.合并的, 结社的, 一体化的articles of incorporation企业条款industry n.工业, 产业, 行业, 勤奋sector n.部分, 部门, [计]扇区, 地区, 象限, 扇形global reach adj.球形的, 全球的, 全世界的multinational adj.多国的, 跨国公司的, 多民族的n.多国籍公司, 跨国公司local partner 当地合作伙伴be located in 位于expansion n.扩充, 开展, 膨胀, 扩张物, 辽阔, 浩瀚leading adj.领导的, 第一位的, 最主要的organization n.组织, 机构, 团体institution n.公共机构, 协会, 制度About Managementcompetitive edge 竞争优势key player 核心选手,主力monopoly n.垄断, 垄断者, 专利权, 专利事业advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益market share 市场份额collaboration n.协作, 通敌marketing n.行销, 买卖product portfolio 产品目录range n.山脉, 行列, 范围, 射程strategy n.策略, 军略tactics n.战术, 策略target market 目标市场core business 核心业务core competence 核心能力synergy (=synergism)协同, 配合, 企业合并后的协力优势或协合作用alliance n.联盟, 联合mergers and acquistions (M & A) 并购takeover n. 接收;接管TOB (Takeover bid) 股票公开买卖MBO (management buy-out) 买下产权,买下管理权viable adj.能养活的, 能生育的, 可行的profitable adj.有利可图的break-even point 平衡点lucrative adj.有利的turn around 扭转,翻转streamline adj.流线型的realignment n.重新排列, 再结盟consolidation n.巩固, 合并rationalize v.合理化restructure vt.更改结构, 重建构造, 调整, 改组diversify v.使多样化, 作多样性的投资spinoff n.将子公司股票分配给母公司股东disclosure n.揭发, 败露, 败露的事情accountability n.有责任, 有义务, 可说明性solvent adj.溶解的, 有偿付能力的, 有溶解力n.溶媒, 溶剂, 解决方法collapse n.倒塌, 崩溃, 失败, 虚脱vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解, 失败, 病倒go bust失败破产完蛋ailing adj.生病的, 境况不佳的liquidate v.清算shut down 关闭commerce n.商业feasibility study n.可行性研究performance n.履行, 执行, 成绩, 性能, 表演, 演奏due diligence 资产调查letter of intent 意向书About Board Membersboard of directorsChief Operating Officer (COO)Chief Financial Officer (CFO)Chief Executive Officer (CEO) chairperson n.主席president n.总统, 会长, 校长, 行长management director 经理vice president 副总统,副会长executive 执行者,管理人员controller n.管理员, 控制器senior manager 高级经理supervisor n.监督人, 管理人, 检查员, 督学, 主管人hierarchy n.层次层级flat 扁平的corporate ladder 企业职阶bureaucracy n.官僚, 官僚作风, 官僚机构tenure n.(土地等的)使用和占有, (官职等的)保有, 任期, (土地)使用期限deputy n.代理人, 代表incumbent adj.职责所在的, 负有...义务的entrepreneur n.<法>企业家, 主办人tycoon n.企业界大亨, 将军decision-making n.决策adj.决策的About Investmentventure capital 风险资本shareholder 股东majority stake 占大股institutional investor/buyer 机构投资者investor relations (IR) 投资者关系brokerage house 经纪行stock exchange 股票交易所bourse n.交易所dividend n.被除数, 股息, 红利, 额外津贴, 奖金, 年息yield v.出产, 生长, 生产n.产量, 收益IPO (initial public offering) 首次公开募股Stock 股票share 股份securities n.有价证券equities n.公平, 公正, 公平的事物, 资产净值, [律]平衡法ordinary share 普通股voting rights 投票权perference share 优先股blue chips 蓝筹股bond 债券commodities n.日用品期货warrants n.授权, 正当理由, 根据, 证明, 凭证, 委任状, 批准, 许可证derivatives adj.引出的, 系出的futures n.期货speculation n.思索, 做投机买卖insider trading 内部人员交易fraud n.欺骗, 欺诈行为, 诡计, 骗子, 假货manipulation n.处理, 操作, 操纵, 被操纵nosedive(飞机)俯冲,急降gain =boost, surge/balloon/soar/spurt/upsurge/jump 上升rebound n.回弹v.回弹bottom out 底部割肉recover vt.重新获得, 恢复, 使改过regain ground 收复失地sell-off/dump 倾销,廉价卖光fluctuate vi.变动, 波动, 涨落, 上下, 动摇vt.使动摇, 使波动, 使起伏rally v.重整旗鼓, 给予新力量, (使)恢复健康, 力量, 决心, 集结n.集会profit-taking 获利了结bull 牛bear 熊erratic adj.无确定路线, 不稳定的, 奇怪的volatile adj.飞行的, 挥发性的, 可变的, 不稳定的, 轻快的, 爆炸性的bumpy adj.(道路等)颠簸的, 崎岖不平的downturn/upturn 低迷/好转consecutive adj.连续的, 联贯的About compensation and Benefitsbe entitled to 有资格的be eligible to/for 有资格的minimum wage 最低工资paycheck 薪水payroll 薪水册,工资名单remuneration n.报酬performance-related pay 根据业绩的工资制度hourly payroll/hourly wage 时薪retirement allowance 退休津贴severance payment 辞退工资raise 加薪incentive n.动机adj.激励的award n.奖, 奖品vt.授予, 判给health insurance benefits 健康保险补贴fringe benefits 小额补贴benefit packagewelfare 福利allowance 津贴,补助subsidized canteen 伙食补助maternity leave 产假maternity pay 育儿期工资paid holiday/paid leave 带薪假期About ProductionR & D (Research and development) breakthrough n.突破innovation n.改革, 创新laboratory n.改革, 创新prototype n.原型specifications n.详述, 规格, 说明书, 规范benchmark [计] 基准patent n.专利权, 执照, 专利品intellectual property rights 知识产权royalty n.皇室, 王权infringe v.破坏, 侵犯, 违反state of the art 一流的cutting-edge 最新的,最尖端的sophisticated adj.诡辩的, 久经世故的ubiquitous adj.到处存在的, (同时)普遍存在的gadget n.小器具, 小配件, 小玩意, 诡计manufacturing n.制造业product n.产品, 产物, 乘积output n.产量, 输出, 输出量plant n.植物, 庄稼, 工厂, 车间, 设备vt.种植, 栽培, 培养, 安置vi.种植operation n.运转, 操作, 实施, 作用, 业务, 工作, 手术, 军事行动rotation n.旋转capacity n.容量, 生产量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力, 地位shortage n.不足, 缺乏assembly line 装配线defective adj.有缺陷的, (智商或行为有)欠缺的n.有缺陷的人, 不完全变化动词lemon次品phase n.阶段, 状态, 相, 相位v.定相facility n.容易, 简易, 灵巧, 熟练, 便利, 敏捷, 设备, 工具equipment n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置, 铁道车辆固定资产, 才能inspection n.检查, 视察turnover n.翻覆, 翻折, 半圆卷饼, 流通量, 营业额, 周转duplicate n.复制品, 副本vt.复写, 复制, 使加倍, 使成双vendor n.卖主supplier n.供应者, 补充者, 厂商, 供给者procure v.获得, 取得subcontract n.转包合同in-house 内部的component n.成分adj.组成的, 构成的raw materials 原材料module n.模数, 模块, 登月舱, 指令舱BTO (Build to Order) 订单式生产About Contractcontract n.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约terminate v.停止, 结束, 终止terms and conditions 条款signature n.签名, 署名, 信号seal n.封铅, 封条, 印, 图章, 密封vt.封, 密封n.海豹, 海豹毛皮SEAL [简明英汉词典]=Sea, Air, and Land海, 空, 陆take effect 生效expire v.期满, 终止, 呼气, 断气, 届满waive v.放弃offend v.犯罪, 冒犯, 违反, 得罪, 使...不愉快breach n.违背, 破坏, 破裂, 裂口vt.打破, 突破secure adj.安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的draft n.草稿, 草案, 草图vt.起草, 为...打样, 设计agreement n.同意, 一致, 协定, 协议statutory adj.法令的, 法定的comply with vi.顺从, 答应, 遵守apply 适用fulfill 履行,完成execute vt.执行, 实行, 完成, 处死, 制成, [律]经签名盖章等手续使(证书)生效Execute vt. -cuted, -cuting 执行;实行obligation n.义务, 职责, 债务restrict vt.限制, 约束, 限定disclose vt.揭露, 透露grant vt.同意, 准予, 承认(某事为真)~exclusive adj.排外的, 孤高的, 唯我独尊的, 独占的, 唯一的, 高级的in accordance with/pursuant to 与一致stipulate v.规定, 保证provide for 准备refer to 提到interested party/party concerned 感兴趣方said 上述的said item said person shall/may 将/会licensor n.认可证颁发者deem v.认为, 相信liable adj.有责任的, 有义务的, 负有责任的liability n.责任, 义务, 债务, 负债, 与assets相对settlement n.沉降, 解决, 结算, 殖民, 殖民地About Business TripPassenger n.乘客, 旅客upright position adj.垂直的位置,正确的位置fasten vt.扎牢, 扣住, 闩住, 拴紧, 使固定, 系, 集中于, 强加于vi.扣紧, 抓住carry-on luggage 随身携带的行李stow v.装载personal belongings 个人物品refreshments n.点心, 饮料, 精力恢复, 爽快snack n.小吃, 快餐, 一份v.吃快餐(小吃) aisle seat n.走廊, 过道turbulence n.骚乱, 动荡, (液体或气体的)紊乱headset n.戴在头上的耳机或听筒crew n.全体人员, (工作)队blanket n.毯子vt.覆盖toiletries n. 化妆品board 登机stub 存根take off 起飞altitude n.(尤指海拔)高度, 高处longtitude经度latitude 纬度destination n.目的地, [计] 目的文件, 目的单元格bound for: 开往,飞往The flight bound for Milan.stopover n.中途停留runway n.飞机跑道, 斜坡跑道, 河道departure/arrival 启程/到达disembarkation n.起岸, 登陆immigration n.外来的移民, 移居入境immigration form n.外来的移民, 移居入境quarantine n.检疫, 隔离, (政治或商业上的)封锁, 检疫期间vt.检疫, 使在政治或商业上孤立metal detector 金属探测器baggage claim 行李申领carousel n.喧闹的酒会lost and found 失物招领处duty-free 免税的itinerary n.路线fare n.费用, 旅客, 食物souvenir n.纪念品jet lag 时差embassy n.大使及其随员, 大使的派遣, 大使馆consulate n.领事, 领事馆, 领事任期, 领事的职位、权力和职责expatriate vt.逐出国外, 脱离国籍, 放逐vi.移居国外n.亡命国外者island hopping 岛屿旅行accommodations n.住处, 膳宿concierge n.看门人, 门房reception desk 咨询台,前台wake-up call 叫醒电话服务About Industrial Sectorsmanufacturing 制造业manufactor 制造商semiconductor n.[物] 半导体material n.材料, 原料, 物资, 素材, 布料machinery n.[总称] 机器, 机械automotive adj.汽车的, 自动推进的aerospace n.航空宇宙aviation n.航空宇宙NASA construction n.建筑, 建筑物, 解释, 造句general contractor n.总订约人, 总承包人civil engineering 民用工程defense n.(D-)(美国)国防部, 防卫, 防卫物vt.谋划抵御chemical adj.化学的n.化学制品, 化学药品n.化学药品petroleum n.石油pharmaceutical n.药物adj.制药(学)上的cosmetics n.化妆品adj.化妆用的beverage n.饮料distiller n.蒸馏酒者, 蒸馏器retail n.零售logistics n.后勤学, 后勤outplacement service 职业服务telecommunication n.电讯, 长途通讯, 无线电通讯, 电信学publishing adj.出版的, 出版业的advertising n.广告业, 广告adj.广告的amusement/entertainment n.娱乐, 消遣, 娱乐活动trading firm n.贸易公司insurance n.保险, 保险单, 保险业, 保险费healthcare n.卫生保健fishery n.渔业, 水产业, 渔场, 养鱼术forestry n.林产, 森林地, 林学agro-industry n.(化肥制造、仓库建筑等)农用工业About Commuting and Trafficcommute: 通勤tram n.有轨电车, 电车轨道, 煤车, 吊车v.乘电车subway n.地道, <美> 地铁transfer n.迁移, 移动, 传递, 转移, 调任, 转帐, 过户, 转让freeway 高速公路expresswaytoll booth 交费处toll gateoverpass n.<美>天桥, 陆桥vt.胜过, 通过, 忽视intersection n.[数]交集, 十字路口, 交叉点median 中间隔离带dead end 死胡同detour 绕路short cut 捷径crosswalk n.人行横道(供行人穿越道路用) gas station 加油站unleaded adj.无铅的,不含铅的(汽油)fill it up 加满油jammed vt.挤进, 使塞满, 混杂, 压碎, 使堵塞vi.堵塞, 轧住, 拥挤heavy traffic 交通拥挤bumper-to-bumper 一辆接一辆的vehicle n.交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段automobile n.交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段passenger vehicle n.乘客, 旅客pick-up n.提取, 搭便车SUV (sport-utility vehicle) 越野车tow-truck 拖车wreckertransmission n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播front-wheel drive 前轮驱动hood n.头巾, 兜帽, 车蓬, 引擎罩v.用头巾包裹, 给...加罩, 覆盖rear-view mirror 反光镜,后视镜steering wheel 方向盘windshield n.挡风玻璃turn signal 转向灯horn 喇叭fuel-cell-powered 以燃料电池为电源的hybrid n.杂种, 混血儿, 混合物adj.混合的, 杂种的mileage n.英里数, 英里里程flat tire 爆胎skid n.刹车speeding n.超速行驶collision n.碰撞, 冲突rollover 翻车hit-and-run 肇事逃逸About Insurance and Pensionmedical benefits 医疗保险制度dental plans 医疗保险制度premium n.额外费用, 奖金, 奖赏, 保险费, (货币兑现的)贴水coverage n.覆盖contribution n.捐献, 贡献, 投稿medical insurance 医疗保险damage insurance 伤害保险insurer n.保险业者, 保险公司insured n.被保险者, 保户adj.加入保险的recipient 接受方paid-up adj.已付的policy n.政策, 方针certificate n.证书, 证明书vt.发给证明书, 以证书形式授权给...claim n. 要求, 要求权, 主张, 要求而得到的东西vt. 要求, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要spouse n.配偶(指夫或妻)dependent adj.依靠的, 依赖的, 由...决定的, 随...而定的deduction n.减除, 扣除, 减除额, 推论, 演绎income tax 所得税401(k) 401企业年金制度About Marketingbanner advertising 横幅广告pop-up ads 弹出广告billboard 公告板spams 垃圾邮件front page 首页tag-line 收尾语high-profile 高调recognition n.赞誉, 承认, 重视, 公认, 赏识识别awareness n.知道, 晓得attractive adj.吸引人的, 有魅力的display vt.陈列, 展览, 显示n.陈列, 展览, 显示显示,显示器exhibition n.表现, 展览会, 展览品, 显示session n.说明会survey n.测量, 调查, 俯瞰, 概观, 纵览, 视察questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷respondent adj.回答的n.回答者consumer panel 消费者协会focus group 关注人群segment n.段, 节, 片断v.分割differentiation n.区别upstream adv.向上游, 溯流, 逆流地adj.溯流而上的CS(customer satisfaction)消费者满意度consumer consumer n.消费者client n.[计]顾客, 客户, 委托人niche 二手市场cannibalize vt.吃同类的肉, 拆用...的配件, 调拨...的人员market share市场份额brand n.商标, 牌子, 烙印vt.打火印, 污辱corporate image 企业形象public relations (PR) 公共关系press release 新闻发布advertising n.广告业, 广告adj.广告的promotion n.促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升tailor n.裁缝vt.剪裁, 缝制(衣服)~, 适应, 适合v.制做generic adj.[生物]属的, 类的, 一般的, 普通的, 非特殊的maturity n.成热, 完备, (票据)到期, 成熟saturation n.饱和(状态), 浸润, 浸透饱和度life cycle 生命周期competitor n.竞争者merchandize n.商品, 货物high-end/low-end高端/低端middle-range中等luxurious adj.奢侈的, 豪华的luxury n. affordable vt.提供, 给予, 供应得起authentic adj.可信的limited-time offer 限定时间About Salesbargain hunter 特价品购买者clearance sale 清仓销售discount 折扣mark down 标低价格rebate 回扣coupon 优惠券undercut 廉价出售haggle v.争价n.争价tag price 标价list price 标价checkout 检验loyalty card 会员卡installment payment 分期付款due 应付款expiration date 到期日acceptable adj.可接受的, 合意的voucher n.证人, 保证人, 证明者, 凭证, 凭单, <美>优惠购货卷surcharge n.超载, 追加罚款, 额外费vt.使装载过多, 追加罚款subtract v.(~from)减去, 减fast-moving adj.移动迅速的, 情节紧凑动人的brand-new 新品leading-edge 最新品hip 流行的cold calls n.(向潜在的主顾打的)冷不防电话telemarketing 电话销售,电话推销telephone solicitor电话销售者,电话推销者retail n.零售adj.零售的vt.零售, 转述vi.零售adv.以零售方式wholesale n.批发, 趸售adj.批发的, [喻] 大规模的reseller vt.再卖, 转售outlet n.出口, 出路thrift shop/junk shop 廉价商店sales territory 销售区域sales representative 销售代表mail order 通信定购end user 最终用户clientele 客户toll-free dial 免费电话launch 投放市场white goods 白色家电brown goods 黑色家电durables 耐用品freebie n.免费赠品(尤指戏院赠券)cash cow: moneymaker摇钱树About Negotiations and DealsConfirm vt.确定, 批准, 使巩固, 使有效v.确认, (基督教中)给...行按手礼compromise n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全describe vt.描写, 记述, 形容, 形容v.描述outline n.大纲, 轮廓, 略图, 外形, 要点, 概要vt.描画轮廓, 略述suggest vt.建议, 提出, 使想起, 暗示propose vt.计划, 建议, 向...提议, 求(婚) vi.打算, 求婚concede vt.勉强, 承认, 退让vi.让步negotiable adj.可通过谈判解决的quotation n.引用语, 价格, 报价单, 行情表estimate n.引用语, 价格, 报价单, 行情表terms and conditions 条款itemize vt.<美>详细说明...项目, 逐条列记specify vt.指定, 详细说明, 列入清单purchase order 订单quantity n.量, 数量account n.计算, 帐目, 说明, 估计, 理由tentative n.试验, 假设adj.试验性的, 试探的, 尝试的, 暂定的signature n.签名, 署名, 信号notary public 公证About Customer Serviceswarranty n.(正当)理由, (合理)根据, 授权, 担保, 保证, 根据guarantee n.保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品vt.保证, 担保defect n.过失, 缺点flaw n.缺点, 裂纹, 瑕疵, 一阵狂风vt.使破裂, 使有缺陷, 使无效imperfection n.不完整性, 非理想性inconvenience n.麻烦, 不方便之处intact adj.完整无缺的incur v.招致cause vt.引起, 惹起, 使(发生), 促成misuse v.误用, 错用, 滥用, 虐待n.误用, 错用, 滥用, 误用之实例refund v.退还, 偿还n.归还, 偿还额, 退款replacement n.归还, 复位, 交换, 代替者, 补充兵员, 置换, 移位liable for 有责任的compensate for v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬recall vt.回忆, 回想, 记起, 取消n.召回withdraw vt.收回, 撤消vi.缩回, 退出v.撤退complaint n.诉苦, 抱怨, 牢骚, 委屈, 疾病inquiry n.质询, 调查dissatisfied adj.不满意的, 不高兴的purchaser n.买方, 购买者receipt 收据call center呼叫中心consumer department 消费者部门one-stop 一站式服务About computersupgrade 升级customize 定制化,用户化partition 分区reinstall 重新安装reconfigure 重新设置default 默认值delete 删除save 保存shut down 关闭start up 启动reboot 重启(机器)duplicate复制embed 嵌入、插入archive vt.存档n.档案文件activate 激活retrieve v.重新得到n.找回compress vt.压缩, 摘要叙述optimize vt.使最优化initialize vt.初始化trash bin 垃圾箱icon n.图标, 肖像, 偶像wizard .神汉, 男巫, 术士, 奇才adj.男巫的, 巫术的, 有魔力的wizard 向导spreadsheet .[计] 电子制表软件, 电子数据表column 列sum up/totalize 总计subtract 减justify 验证indent 缩进space 空格font n.字体, 字形, 洗礼盘, 泉, 圣水器peripheral adj.外围的n.外围设备storage 存储removable 可移动的plug-in 插件suite n.(一批)随员, (一套)家具, 套房, 套, 组, 组曲托业词汇汇总3(修订版)(reallypazu整理,感谢light0wind校正)一、办公室事宜Office matters(1)1.appointment 约会,约定2.attendance 出席人数;出席3.cabinet 橱柜4.calendar 日历;月历;行事历5.clerk 办事员,书记6.directory 人名住址薄7.duplicate 复制;副本8.filing 归档9.in-tray 待处理文件盒10.monitor 检测;监视;追踪11.out-tray 已处理文件盒12.partition 分隔;分隔物(如墙壁等)13.postage 邮费14.punctualit 准时;守时15.schedule 时间表;计划表16.shift 换班;轮班;值班17.staff 全体职员18.strike 罢工19.task 工作,任务20.work force 工作人员;劳动人口办公室事宜Office matters(2)1.assignment 分配;工作,分派2.bulletin 公报;告示;定期报告书3.calculator 计算器4.carbon copy 用复写纸复制的副本5.colleague 同事,同僚6.document 文件,证件7.extension 分机(电话);延期8.intercom 对讲机9.memo 便条;便笺;备忘录10.operator 接线生11.overtime 加班的时间12.portfolio 作品夹,公事包13.printed matter 印刷品14.receptionist 接待员15.secretary 秘书16.shorthand 速记,速记法17.stapler 订书机18.tardy 迟缓;迟到的;迟延的19.typist 打字员20.xerox 影印二、Personnel & Management 人事及管理1.allocate 拨出;分配;配置2.applicant 申请人3.authorize 授权;委托4.bonus 红利;额外津贴;奖金5.capability 能力;才干;潜力;性能6.collaboration 合作;通敌7.consultation 咨询;商量;商议;会议8.curriculum vitae 履历9.eligible 合格的,合适的10.employer 雇主11.executive 行政或管理人员12.income 收入或所得y off (暂时)解雇14.occupation 职业15.part-time 兼任的;兼职的16.permanent 不变的,永久的17.promote 升迁;促销18.recruit 吸收;征募19.resume 履历表20.salary 薪水Personnel & Management 人事及管理21.amateur 业余技术家;外行人;非专家2.appoint 任命;指定3.benefit 有益于;受益4.candidate 候选人5.certificate 凭证;证书petent 有能力的,胜任的7.coordinate 协调;调整8.deadline 截至期限9.employee 受雇者10.evaluation 评价;估价11.expertise 专门技术或知识12.interview 会面;面谈13.novice 生手;新手;初学者14.overtime 超时15.pension 养老金;退休金16.personnel 全体人员;人事部门17.recommendation 推荐;推荐书;劝告18.resign 辞职19.retire 退休20.substitute 代理人;代用品三.Business Development 业务拓展(1)1.accrue 产生;增加2.acquisition 获得;习得3.amplify 放大;加强;扩展4.asset 有用的东西;优点;长处5.buyout/buy out 买进全部产权或股权;收购全部6.corporation 法人;公司7.cutback 减少;取消8.enterprise 企业9.equity 公平;公正;扣除抵押、税金后的剩余财产价值。
中共党史研究2017年第12期!"#$%&'()*+,)-.'/01234陈 铃 〔摘要〕对于抗战后的国共纷争,美国在华传教士一开始的主流意见是支持国民党击败中共,但希望其通过自身改良消除腐败,并认为美国政府也应该继续援助国民党。
内战前期,美国传教士虽然面临生命财产安全的威胁,但在华差会仍持低调处理、继续观望的方针。
到1948年,中共适时提出关于处理在华传教士问题的新政策方针,强调要保护其生命财产安全和宗教信仰自由,增强了美国差会及传教士继续留华的信心。
在新形势下,美国在华大部分差会及骨干传教士坚持留在中国,但对传教力量的分布作出调整,准备迎接新政权。
但到1949年后,由于中共在外交政策上“一边倒”,美国传教士留华前景趋于黯淡。
紧接着,在“三自革新”运动的推动下,广大宗教界人士开始加入反帝爱国运动的浪潮。
到抗美援朝运动开始后,美国差会及传教士最终全面退出中国大陆。
〔关键词〕美国传教士;差会;国共内战;传教政策〔中图分类号〕D231;K266 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕1003-3815(2017)-12-0068-12StayorLeave?TheRoleofAmericanProtestantMissionariesinChinaduringtheKMT CPCCivilWarChenLingAbstract:WithrespecttothedisputebetweentheKMTandtheCPCaftertheWarofResistanceagainstJapan,theinitialmainstreamopinionamongtheAmericanmissionariesinChinawastosupporttheKMTtobringaboutthedefeatoftheCPCandtheybelievedthattheU.S.governmentshouldcontinuetoassisttheKMT.ButthemissionariesalsohopedthattheKMTwouldmakeimprovementsonitsowntoeliminatethecorruption.AlthoughtheAmericanmissionariesfacedlife threateningdangersduringtheCivilWar,theMissionarySocietyinChinacontinuedtoadoptthepolicyoftakinganunderstatedwait and seeapproach.By1948,theCPCadoptedatimelypolicywithrespecttothehandlingmissionaryissuesinChina,emphasizingprotectionofthemissionaries’livesandpropertyaswellastheirfreedomofreligiousbelief,thusincreasingtheconfidenceoftheAmericanMissionarySocietyandthosemissionarieswhohadremainedinChina.Underthesenewcircumstances,mostofthebackbonemissionariesinChinaandthosewhoweremembersoftheAmericanMissionarySocietystayedinChina,buttheyalsomadeadjustmentstothedistributionofthemissionaryforcesandmadepreparationstowelcomethenewre gime.However,after1949,duetotheCPC’s“one sided”foreignpolicy,theprospectsthattheAmericanmis sionarieswouldremaininChinatendedtofade.Then,drivenbythe“threereforms,”themajorityofthereli giouspeoplebegantojointhewaveofanti imperialistandpatrioticmovements.AfterthebeginningoftheWartoresisttheUnitedStatesandtoaidKorea,theAmericanMissionarySocietyandthemissionarieseventuallywith drewfromtheentireterritoryoftheChinesemainland. 从19世纪30年代到抗战前夕,美国新教传教士在华活动已历时百余年之久。
关于计算机的常用词汇据360教育集团介绍:计算机基础知识:computer 电脑/电子计算机manipulate 操纵,操作information 消息/知识hand-hold 使携/手拿的calculator 计算器system 系统/体系scientific 科学的,系统的electronic 电子的machinery 机器/机关equipment 装备,设备dull 单调的,呆滞的network 网络circuit 电路/一圈/巡回switch 开关/电闸level 水平/标准status 状态binary 二进位的store 储存,储藏process 程序/过程character 字符sound 声音image 影像/图像programme 程序,计划logic inference 逻辑推理aid 帮助/援助instruction 指令convert 转变originality 创造力operate 操作,运转ENIAC 电子数值积分计算机vacuum 真空resistor 电阻器capacitor 电容器interference 干预technology 技术internal 内部的symbolic 代号language 语言span 跨越reliable 可靠的efficient 有效率的magnetic 一有磁性的Auxiliary 附加的/辅助物media 媒体headecimal 十六进制punched card tape 磁带memory 记忆/存储silicon 硅/硅元素chip 芯片terminal 终端机/终点/总站device 设备innovation 改革/创新external 外部的feature 特征component 元件/组件combination 联合/合并microprocessor 微处理器packed 包装的package 包裹/套装软件digital 数字的analog 模拟的hybrid 混合的discrete 离散的Vital 重要的/关键的monitor 显示器overwhelm 制服application 应用wire 电线,电报model 模型Versatility 多种变化,变通lump 使成块hardware 硬件stream 流resource 资源desktop 桌面cabinet 文件柜auxiliary storge 辅助存储器supercomputer 超级计算机minicomputer 小型计算机I/0 device 输入/输出设备system unit 系统部件cell 单元floppy disk 软盘consecutively 连续的/连贯的fix disk 硬盘CPU 中央处理器transmission 传送/传输操作系统与DOS操作基础storage space 存储空间Timer 计时器subdirectory 子目录Available 可用的structure 结构characteristic 特征/特性hierarchical 分层的Sophistication 复杂性issue 发行/放出Standard 标准backslash 反斜杠Online 联机the root directory 根目录Job Management 作业管理perform 执行Sequence 次序conjunction 联合Assess 评估procedure 过程Resource Management 资源管理tree 目录树Oversee vt.监督term 术语Control of I/0 Operation I/0 操作控制startup 启动Allocation 分配TSRs 内存驻留程序Undergo 经历/经受locate 定位Error Recovery 错误恢复sector 扇区Memory Management 存储器管理partition 分区interface 界面booting 自举streamlined 流线型的cluster 簇unleash 释放CMOS 互补金属氧化物体unhamperer 解脱emergency disk 应急磁盘spreadsheet 电子表格partition table 分区表Accessory 附件FAT 文件分配表Notepad 记事薄GUI 图形用户接口Macro Recorder 宏记录器command line 命令行Write 书写器icon 图标Paint-brush 画笔manual 手册modem 调制解调器dialog boxes 对话框Solitaire 接龙mechanism 机构/机械/结丰Reverse 挖地雷clipboard 剪贴板module 模块DDE 动态数据交换acronym 缩写字clumsy 笨拙的version 版本hot linked 映射的update 洲一级/更新real-mode 实模式internal command 内部命令standard mode 标准模式external command 外部命令directory 目录Pentium 俗称586 奔腾芯片sign-on 提示framework 框架/结构extension name 扩展名precedence 优先document 文档uppercase letter 大写字母workspace 工作lowercase letter 小写字母File Manager 文件管理volume label 卷标menu 菜单prompt 提示符Program Manager 程序管理器default 缺省值/默认值folder 卷宗symbol 符号divider 分配者cursor 光标subdivide 子分配者built-in 内置的tutorial 教程应用软件指南:maintenance 维护/维修Quit Batch 退出批处理install 安装.安置adapter 适配器advanced 高等的/在前的MDA 单显适配器copyright 版权/著作权CGA 彩色图形适配器duplication 副本,复制EGA 增强型图形适配器key letter 关键字VGA 视频图形阵列delete 删除destructive 破坏的/毁灭性的character string 字符串insert 寸击入/镶补verify 查证/证实bland 温和的/乏味的readable 可读的capacity 容量/能力attribute 属性/标志seek 搜寻/试图list 目录/名单/明细serial port 串行口sort 排序/分类/挑选loopback 回送alternate 交互的/轮流的specify 叙述/指定format 格式plug 插日argument 争论/引数/要旨ommunicate 沟通/传达match 使相配/使比赛peripheral 周边的/外设的path 路径/小路/轨道aspect 外观/方面pathname 路径名transfer 迁移/转移/传递head 头cache program 高速缓存程序relocation 再布置/变换布置subsystem 子系统/次要系统add 增加overall 全部的/全体的prune/graft 修剪/移植throughput 生产量/处延艳力resident 常驻程序numeric coprocessor 数学处理器compression 缩/缩小identify 识别/认明/鉴定reduce 减少/分解bargraph 长条图/直方图comment 批评/注解report 报告/报道extract 摘录/析取virus 病毒query 查询anti-virus 反病毒integrity 完整immunize 使免疫/赋予免疫性convert 使改变infection 传染/影响self-extractor 自抽出器original 最初的/原始的batch 批/成批result 结果/成绩/答案filename 文件名consider 考虑/思考/认为freshen (使)显得新鲜extra 额外的事物check 支票/检查restart 重新启动join 连接/结合detect 发现/察觉verbose 冗长/累赘的define 定义/详细说明edit 编辑编校suspicious 可疑的/疑惧的backup file 备份文件activity 活动/动作switch 开关转换warn 警告/注意beep 嘟嘟响present 现在的/出席的setting 设置exclusive 独占的/唯一的set mode 设置模式configuration 配置assume 假定/承担virus protection 防病毒density 密度scan 扫描细查inch 英寸signature file 签一名文件compatible 兼容的/能共处的editor 编辑器exception 例外/除外microcomputer 微机support 支持/支撑/援助retrieve 恢复/检索executable 可执行的/可运行的innovation 改革/创新documentation 文件manipulate 操纵/利用hit 打击/冲撞hardcopy 硬拷贝parameter 参数/媒介变数spell-checking 拼写检查evaluate 评估/评价thesaurus 辞典/同义词occur 发生/想到/存在merge 使合并/使消失valid 有效的/正当的function key 功能键buffer 缓冲区/缓冲familiarize 使熟悉/使熟知destination disk 目标盘wrap 包装/限制/包裹source disk 源盘blink 闪亮/闪烁overwrite 改写block 阻塞/封锁test 检验restore 恢复由backup制作的盘performance 绩效/表现/演出the space bar 空格键interrupt 中断accessory 附件/同谋group 团体/团retain 保持/留住/保有floppy drive 软盘驱动器locking 锁定hard drive 硬盘驱动器monitor 显示器parallel ports 并行口appropriate 适当的arrow 箭/箭头记号button 按钮highlight 加亮区/精彩场面optimize 使完善/优化horizontal 水平线/水平面indicator 指示器程序设计:creep 爬/潜行writing program 编写程序standardize 使标准化coding the program 编程simplify 单一化/简单化programming 程序revision 校订/修正programmer 程序员occupy 占领/住进logic 逻辑/逻辑学BASIC 初学者通用符号指令代码machine code 机器代码teaching language 教学语言debug DOS命令/调试simplicity 单纯/简朴compactness 紧凑的/紧密的timesharing system 分时系统description 描述/说明interactive language 交互式语言break 中断manufacturer 制造业者structure chart 结构图dialect 方言/语调the program flow 程序流expense 费用/代价manager module 管理模块uniformity 同样/划一worder module 工作模块archaic 己废的/古老的mainmodule 主模块sufficient 充分的/足够的submodule 子模块data processing 数据处理modify 修正/修改business application 商业应用outline 轮廓/概要scientific application 科学应用compose 分解lexical 字典的/词汇的code 代码non-programmer 非编程人员node 改为密码notation 记号法/表示法/注释pseudocode 伪代码verbosity 唠叨/冗长commas 逗点逗号record 记录documentation 文档subrecord 子记录flowchart/flow 程表/流程data division 数据部visual 视觉的procedure division 过程部represent 表现/表示/代表comprise 包含/构成structured techniques 结构化技术operator 运算符/算子straightforward 笔直的/率直的commercial package 商业软件包subroutine 子程序generator 产生器/生产者driver module 驱动模块mathematician 专家line by line 逐行operator 作符translate 翻译/解释forerunner 先驱modular 摸块化ancestor 祖宗cumbersome 讨厌的/麻烦的teaching programming 编程教学lengthy 冗长的/漫长的alter 改变flaw 缺点裂纹devclop 发达separate 各别的recompile 编译assist 帮助cycle 循环technician 技师remove 移动/除去straight line 直线category 种类/类项rectangle 长方形/矩形P-code p代码virtrally 事实上symology 象征学象征的使用register 寄存器to summaries 总之/总而言之by convention 按照惯例cyptic 含义模糊的/隐藏的diamond-shaped 菱形的bracket 括号decision 判断obviate 除去/排除terminal 终端机/终端的keyword 关键字card reader 阅读器underline 下划线translator program 译程序Programming 程序设计dec/binary 二进制source language 源语shift 变化/转移/移位machine language 机器overflow 溢出machine instruction 机器指令arithmetic 算术/算法computer language 计算机语言composite symbol 复合型符号assembly language 汇编语assignment 赋值floating point number 浮点数proliferation 增服high-level language 高级语pointer 指针natural language 自然语言array 数组矩阵,source text 源文本subscript 下标intermediate language 中间语言type conversion 类型转换software development 软件开发address arithmetic 地址运算map 映射/计划denote 指示/表示maintenance cost 维护费用subprogram 子程序legibility 易读性/易识别separate compilation 分离式编泽amend 修正/改善alphabetic 照字母次序的consumer 消费者digit 数字位数enormous 巨大的/庞大的numeric expression 数值表达式reliability 可信赖性/可信度tap 轻打/轻敲/选择safety 安全/安全设备print zone 打印区property 财产/所有权column 列correctness 正确functionality 机能semicolon 分号portable 叮携带的/可搬运的survey 概观altoggle 肘节开关task 作/任务declaration 宣告/说明source program 源程序mufti-dimension array 多维数组object program 目标程序数据库:transaction 交易/办理/执行query 查询license 执照/许可证/特许subschemas 子模式criminal 犯了罪的/有罪的individual 个体/个人conviction 定罪/信服/坚信employee 职员/受雇人员bureaus 局/办公处integrity 完整/正直insurance 保险/保险业/保险费duplicate 复制的/二重的retrieval 取回/恢复/修补interactive 交谈式security 安全/安全性audit 查帐/稽核integrity 完整/正直/廉正trail 痕迹/踪迹consume 消耗multiuse 多用户manually 用手full-fledged 喂养tedious 沉闷的/冗长乏味的compound document 复合文件DBMS 数据库管理系统recognizant 认识的/意识的consensus 一致/交感user manual 用户手册semantics 语义学bug 缺陷/错误impediment 妨碍/阻碍/阻止encrypt 加密/译成密码intuitively 直觉的malicious 环恶意的/恶毒的module 模块/组件bottleneck 瓶颈schema 轮廓/概要/图解mainstream 主流proposal 建议spatial 空间的/空间性的tailor 定制/制作/缝制relevant 有关联的/中肯的plausible 似真实的/似合理的urgency 紧急/催促virtually 事实上optimization 最佳化impracticably 不能实validation 确认flaw 缺点/裂纹/瑕疵typically 典型的/象征性的assumption 假定/视为当然之事index 索引/做索引duration 持续时间/为期component 组件/成分intolerably 难耐的程度temporal 当时的/现世的abort 流产/失败semantics 语义学rigorous 严厉的/严酷的/苛刻的interval 时间间隔criterion 标准/准据/轨范catalogue 目录/编入目录consistency 一致性/坚固性/浓度cabinet 橱柜/内阁adopt 采用/收养illustration 例证/插图serialization 连载长篇efficient 有效率的/能干的log 日志/记录clerical 事务上的/抄写员的focus 焦点/焦距access 进入twin 双胞胎中人warehouse 大商店/仓库protocol 协议wholesale 批发conflict 神突/矛盾chore 零工/家务negotiate 商议/谈判/谈妥mode 模式/模态drag 拖拉/拖累long-duration 长期architects 建筑师short-duration 短期partition 分割/隔离物ascend 上升/追溯/登高.inherent 固有的/与生俱来的descend 下降/传下necessitate 迫使/使成为必需dimensional 空间的versa 反physical organization 物理组织operator 操作员数字电路:digital circuit 数字电路inclusive 一包含的/包括的logic 逻辑bit 少量gate 逻辑门multibit 多位logical methodology 逻辑方法arithmetic operation 算术运算Boolean algebra 布尔代数bus 总线two-state 两态data bus 数据总线logical multiplication 逻辑乘simultaneously 同时地logical addition 逻辑加parallel register 并行寄存器logical complementation 逻辑非serial register 串行寄存器logical function 逻辑函数shift register 移位寄存器inverter 反相器transistor 晶体管electromechanical calculator 电动式计算器diode 二极管logic symbol 逻辑符号resistor 电阻器electromagnet 电磁铁logic circuit 逻辑电路energize 使活跃/激励Flip-flop 发器armature 电枢counter 计数器relay 电器adder 加法器mechanical latch 机械式,logic variable 逻辑变量set 置位logic operation 逻辑运算reset 复位characteristic 特征/特性figure 图the SET output 置位输出端conjunction(logical product) 合取the RESET input 复位输入端disjunction(logical sum) 析取first-level 一级active 有效的negation(NOT) 反(非)inactive 无效的AND gate 与门construct 构造/设想truth table 真值表resident program 常驻程序power 功率/乘幂utility 公用程序/实用condition 条件diskcopy 磁盘拷贝命令verbalize 以语言表现/唠叨exception 例外vice Vera 反之亦然batch 批/成批the AND function “与”函数specify 指定/说明the OR function “或”函数discrepancy 相差/差异/差别the NOT function “非”函数trigger 触发器exemplify 例证/例示representative 代表/典型硬件基础:microelectronics 微电子学adaptively 适合的/适应的actuator 主动器compensate 偿还/补偿integrated 集成的parasitic 寄生的arithmetic 算术/算法wobble 摆动/不稳定crossroads 交又路focal 焦点的/在焦点上的ROM 只读存储器eliminate 排除/除去RAM 随机存取存储器cornstalk 串音permanently 永久的/不变的affinity 密切关系/强烈的吸引Volatile 可变的/不稳定的stem 柄/堵塞物notepad 记事本introspection 内省/反省microprocessor 微处理器mechanism 机械/机理gateway 门/通路portability 一携带/轻便coprocessor 协处理器configuration 配置floating-point 浮点flexibility 适应性/弹性upgrade 使升级algorithms 运算法则optional 选择的/随意的channel 通道/频道bi-directional 双向性keystroke 键击simultaneous 同时发生的typematic 重复击键的cache 高速缓冲存储器comprise 包含/构成percentage 百分比/部分precommendation 预补偿controller 控制器track 磁轨intercept 截取/妨碍boot 启动significantly 重要地/有效地benchmark 基准/评效migration 移往/移动merit 优点/价值compact 紧凑的/紧密的restriction 限制/限定/约束digitally 数位intrinsic 本质的/原有的dip 双排直插封装Boolean 布尔逻辑/布尔值distortion 扭曲/变形imperative 命令式的playback 重现/录音再生nontrivial 不平常的robustness 健康的/强健的circumvent 绕行/陷害reliability 可靠性/可信赖性decentralize 使分散/排除集中resolvability 可移动性intelligent 智能的/聪明的counterpart 副本/配对物automatically 自动地/机械地archival 关于档案的innovation 改革/创新magneto 磁发电机synonym 同义字cylinder 柱面prototype 原型photodetector 光感测器paradigm 范例/模范predefined 预先确定microchip 微处理器split 分散的core 争论的核心tradeoff 交换,协定extended memory 扩充内存bootdevice 引导设备picture processing 图像处理reside 住/居留/属于sensor 传感器optical disk 光盘WS1 晶片规模集成laser 激光VLSI 超大规模集成storage densities 存储密度hiss 嘶嘶声modulate 调整/调制unveil 揭开/揭幕multiassociative processing 多关联处理技术workload 工作负荷计算机网络与分布式系统:network 网络zap 意志/活力coordinate 同等的/(使)协调hassle 争论minicomputer 小型计算机legacy 传统的facility 设备/容易Macintosh 大苹果机LAN 局部区域网络workstation 工作站irrespective 不顾的/无关的catapulting 发射机弹弓distributed network 分布式网络meteorological 气象学的central machine 中央主机centralization 集中appropriate 适当的immune 免疫的/免除的software packages 软件包immunity 免疫/免疫性meaningful 意味深长的equatorial 近赤道的,赤道的ring network 封闭网络discipline 训练/惩罚stress 重点/紧迫homogeneity 同种/同质open system 开放系统improvisation 即兴而作/即席演奏backup 做备份ultimately 终极/根本interconnection 互联historically 历史的/史实的quotation 引用语payroll 工资单catalog 目录/型录browser 浏览器bulletin 公告,neutral 中立者/中立国approach 接近/动手处理enhance 提高/加强impractical 不实际的endorse 支持/赞同crucial 决定性的/重要的accelerate 加速operability 相互操作性mission 任务/使命scaleable 可攀登的/可剥掉的critical 批评的/决定性的tightly 紧紧地/坚固地inventory 存货清单longevity 长命/长寿/寿命administrative 行政的/管理的evaluating 评估strategy 策略dispersed 被分散的remote 远程incremental 增加的monitoring 监听intervention 插入/介入conventional program 常规程序host 主机/主人supervisory 管理的/监督的warrant 凭证/正当理由versatile 万用的peripherals(计算机)辅助设备collaborate 合作realm 王国/领域download 下载analogize 以类推来说明proliferate 增殖/激增quadrate 求积/矩/弦website web地址amplitude 广阔/充足/增幅OSI 开放系统互联network management 网络管理product development 产品开发signal level 信号电平integrated network 集成网络object-oriented 面向对象file server 文件服务器object definition 对象定义mouse 鼠标fault isolation 故障隔离click 单击entry 登录/入口database system 数据库系统DTE 数据终端设备centralized system 集中式系统paralleled-to-serial 并串decentralized system 分散式系统serial-to-paralleled 串并distributed system 分布式系统Universal Synchronous 通用同步workstation 工作站Asynchronous Receiver 异步接收coordinate 坐标/同等的transmitter 发送器multipoint data 多点数据data stream 数据流FEP 前端处理机modulator 数传机arithmetic logic unit 算术逻辑部件keyboard 键盘printer 打印机skitter 磁盘statistical 统计的joystick 游戏棒/操纵杆software 软件category 种类simulate 模拟,模仿handle 控制interpret 解释feedback 反馈instrument 工具manufacture 制造CAD 计算机辅助设计engineer 工程师draft 草稿graphics 图形video 影像robotic 机器人学automation 自动化word processing 字处理text 文本communication 通讯electronic-mail 电子邮件teleconferencing 电话会议telccommunicating 远程通讯database 数据库CAI 计算机辅助教学transistor 晶体管DOS 磁盘操作系统RAM 随机存取存储器mouse 鼠标intense 强烈/紧张floppy 松软的fix 牢固的write-protect 写保护drive 驱动器mechanics 机械学access 访问byte 比特mega 兆decimal 十进制octal 八进制storage 存储器weight 权code 代码ASCII 美国信息交换标准代extended 扩充的/长期的voltage 伏特integer 整数negative 负的absence 缺席convenience 便利waveform 波形zone 区vendor 厂商/自动售货机implement 工具/器具quantity 数量rigid 硬的fragile 易脆的susceptible 易受影响的medium 媒体shutter 快门general-purpose 通用theory proving 定理证明information retrieval 信息检索persona computer 个人计算机time-consuming 费时的routine task 日常工作logical decision 逻辑判断programmable 可编程的rewire 重新接线generation 代unreliable 不可靠的。
市场主流ESB地产品比较(较全)nThis article discusses the development trends。
areas of improvement。
and drawbacks of mainstream commercial and open-source ESBs。
The article provides a list of ESB products。
including both commercial and open-source ones。
List of ESB ProductsCommercial:Oracle Service Bus (OSB)Oracle Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)WebSphere Enterprise Service BusWebSphere Message BrokerWebSphere DataPowerSonicESBActiveMatrix Service BusProgressTIBCOXXXOpen-source:XXX/FUSE ESBSynapse/WSO2 ESBProgressWSO2XXXXXXXXX'XXX includes the main logic layer。
which includes secure messaging service bus。
message broker。
and service management。
The advantages of OSB are:User-friendliness: The development tool has migrated from Web Console to Eclipse。
which supports graphical drag-and-drop and easy debugging。
The。
also provides direct sending and receiving of SOAP and JMS messages。
Intel P4600 Mainstream NVMe PCIe 3.0 x4 SSDsProduct Guide (withdrawn product)The Intel P4600 Mainstream NVMe SSDs are advanced data center SSDs optimized for mixed read-write performance, endurance, and strong data protection for Lenovo servers. They are designed for greater performance and endurance in a cost-effective design, and to support a broader set of workloads.The Intel P4600 SSDs are based on Intel-developed controller, firmware, and leading manufacturing process NAND flash memory. Rigorous qualification and compatibility testing by Lenovo ensures a highly reliable SSD.Figure 1. Intel P4600 Mainstream NVMe PCIe 3.0 x4 SSDsDid You Know?NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) is a technology that overcomes SAS/SATA SSD performance limitations by optimizing hardware and software to take full advantage of flash technology. Intel Xeon processors efficiently transfer data in fewer clock cycles with the NVMe optimized software stack compared to the legacy Advance Host Controller Interface (AHCI) stack, thereby reducing latency and overhead. These SSDs connect directly to the processor via the PCIe bus, further reducing latency and TCO.Click here to check for updatesThe key metric for solid state drives is their endurance (life expectancy). SSDs have a huge, but finite, number of program/erase (P/E) cycles, which determines how long the drives can perform write operations and thus their life expectancy. Performance SSDs have better endurance than Mainstream SSDs, which in turn have better endurance than Entry SSDs.SSD write endurance is typically measured by the number of program/erase cycles that the drive can incur over its lifetime, which is listed as TBW in the device specification. The TBW value that is assigned to a solid-state device is the total bytes of written data that a drive can be guaranteed to complete. Reaching this limit does not cause the drive to immediately fail; the TBW simply denotes the maximum number of writes that can be guaranteed.A solid-state device does not fail upon reaching the specified TBW, but at some point after surpassing the TBW value (and based on manufacturing variance margins), the drive reaches the end-of-life point, at which time the drive goes into read-only mode. Because of such behavior, careful planning must be done to use SSDs in the application environments to ensure that the TBW of the drive is not exceeded before the required life expectancy.For example, the Intel P4600 1.6 TB drive has an endurance of 8.9 PB of total bytes written (TBW). This means that for full operation over five years, write workload must be limited to no more than 4,877 GB of writes per day, which is equivalent to 3.0 full drive writes per day (DWPD). For the device to last three years, the drive write workload must be limited to no more than 8,128 GB of writes per day, which is equivalent to 5.1 full drive writes per day.Technical specificationsTechnical specificationsThe following table present technical specifications for the Intel P4600 drives.Table 2. Technical specificationsFeature 1.6 TB drive 3.2 TB drive 6.4 TB drive Interface PCIe 3.0 x4PCIe 3.0 x4PCIe 3.0 x4Capacity1.6 TB 3.2 TB 6.4 TB Endurance(total bytes written)8.99 PB 18.20 PB 37.38 PB Endurance (drive writes per day over 5 years) 3.05 DWPD 3.1 DWPD 3.2 DWPD Data reliability < 1 in 10 bits read < 1 in 10 bits read < 1 in 10 bits read MTBF, hours2,000,0002,000,0002,000,000IOPS read (4 KB blocks)559,550636,500617,500IOPS write (4 KB blocks)176,415223,350238,000Sequential read rate 3.2 GBps 2.85 GBps 3.20 GBps Sequential write rate1.325 GBps 1.9 GBps2.10 GBps Read access latency sequential*10 µs 10 µs 10 µs Read access latency random*85 µs 115 µs 115 µs Write access latency sequential*13 µs 13 µs 13 µs Write access latency random*15 µs15 µs15 µsShock, operating 1,000 G (Max) at 0.5ms1,000 G (Max) at 0.5ms1,000 G (Max) at 0.5msVibration, max, operating2.17 G (5-700 Hz) 2.17 G (5-700 Hz) 2.17 G (5-700 Hz)Average power (Active Read / Active Write)9.0 / 14.2 W10.0 / 21.0 W11.00 / 24.70 W* Latency measured using 4 KB transfer size with queue depth = 1 on a sequential workload using Windows Server 2012 R2 drivers. Power mode set at 25W.171717RMS RMS RMSServer support - ThinkSystemThe following table lists the ThinkSystem servers that are compatible. Table 3. ThinkSystem server supportDescription and part number E1S Intel2S Intel AMD4S IntelDense/Blade2.5-inch drives for ThinkSystem serversU.2 Intel P4600 1.6TB MainstreamNVMe PCIe3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD,7SD7A05772N N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y N Y YU.2 Intel P4600 3.2TB MainstreamNVMe PCIe3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD,7SD7A05771N N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y N N N Y N Y Y Y N Y YU.2 Intel P4600 6.4TB MainstreamNVMe PCIe3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD,7SD7A05770N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N Y N N N NSD650 U.2 Intel P4600 1.6TBMainstream NVMe PCIe3.0 x4 HotSwap SSD, 4XB7A10193N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N N3.5-inch drives for ThinkSystem servers3.5" Intel P4600 1.6TB MainstreamNVMe PCIe3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD,4XB7A08528N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N3.5" Intel P4600 3.2TB MainstreamNVMe PCIe3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD,4XB7A08529N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N3.5" Intel P4600 6.4TB Mainstream NVMe PCIe3.0 x4 Hot Swap SSD, 4XB7A08530N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N SE35(7Z46/7D1X)ST5(7Y48/7Y5)ST25(7Y45/7Y46)SR15(7Y54)SR25(7Y51/7Y52)ST55(7X9/7X1)SR53(7X7/7X8)SR55(7X3/7X4)SR57(7Y2/7Y3)SR59(7X98/7X99)SR63(7X1/7X2)SR65(7X5/7X6)SR67(7Y36/7Y37/7Y38)SR635(7Y98/7Y99)SR655(7Y/7Z1)SR85(7X18/7X19)SR85P(7D2F/2D2G)SR86(7X69/7X7)SR95(7X11/12/13)SD53(7X21)SD65(7X58)SN55(7X16)SN85(7X15)Server support - System xThe following tables list the System x servers that are compatible.Support for System x and dense servers with Xeon E5/E7 v4 and E3 v5 processors Table 4. Support for System x and dense servers with Xeon E5/E7 v4 and E3 v5 processorsPart numberDescription7SD7A05767Intel P4600 1.6TB NVMe 2.5" Enterprise Mainstream PCIeSSD N N Y Y Y N N N 7SD7A05766Intel P4600 3.2TB NVMe 2.5" Enterprise Mainstream PCIeSSDNNYYYN NN Support for System x and dense servers with Intel Xeon v3 processors Table 5. Support for servers with Intel Xeon v3 processorsPart numberDescription7SD7A05767Intel P4600 1.6TB NVMe 2.5" Enterprise Mainstream PCIe SSD N N N N N N N 7SD7A05766Intel P4600 3.2TB NVMe 2.5" Enterprise Mainstream PCIe SSDNNNNNNN x 3250 M 6 (3943)x 3250 M 6 (3633)x 3550 M 5 (8869)x 3650 M 5 (8871)x 3850 X 6/x 3950 X 6 (6241, E 7 v 4)n x 360 M 5 (5465, E 5-2600 v 4)s d 350 (5493)n x 360 M 5 W C T (5467, E 5-2600 v 4)x 3100 M 5 (5457)x 3250 M 5 (5458)x 3500 M 5 (5464)x 3550 M 5 (5463)x 3650 M 5 (5462)x 3850 X 6/x 3950 X 6 (6241, E 7 v 3)n x 360 M 5 (5465)SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.0 U3N N N N N N N N N N N VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.5 U1N N N N N N N N N N N VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.5 U2Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.7N N N N N N N N N N N VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.7 U1Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.7 U2Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 7.0 U3Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YOperating systemsTable 7. Operating system support for ThinkSystem U.2 Intel P4600 1.6TB Mainstream NVMe PCIe3.0 x4Hot Swap SSD, 7SD7A05772 (Part 2 of 2)Operating systemsMicrosoft Windows Server 2012 R2Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Microsoft Windows Server 2016Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Microsoft Windows Server 2019Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Microsoft Windows Server 2022Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Microsoft Windows Server version 1709Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Microsoft Windows Server version 1803Y Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.10Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.9Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YS D 530 (X e o n G e n 2)S N 550 (X e o n G e n 2)S N 850 (X e o n G e n 2)S R 570 (X e o n G e n 2)S R 590 (X e o n G e n 2)S R 630 (X e o n G e n 2)S R 650 (X e o n G e n 2)S R 850 (X e o n G e n 2)S R 850P (X e o n G e n 2)S R 860 (X e o n G e n 2)S R 950 (X e o n G e n 2)S D 530 (X e o n G e n 1)S N 550 (X e o n G e n 1)S N 850 (X e o n G e n 1)S R 570 (X e o n G e n 1)S R 590 (X e o n G e n 1)S R 630 (X e o n G e n 1)S R 650 (X e o n G e n 1)S R 850 (X e o n G e n 1)S R 860 (X e o n G e n 1)S R 950 (X e o n G e n 1)Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.7Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.8Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.0Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.1Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2Y N Y N N Y Y Y N Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2 with Xen Y N Y N N Y Y Y N Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 with Xen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.0 U3Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.5 U1Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.5 U2Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.7Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.7 U1Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.7 U2Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YOperating systems S D 530 (X e o n G e n S N 550 (X e o n G e n S N 850 (X e o n G e n S R 570 (X e o n G e n S R 590 (X e o n G e n S R 630 (X e o n G e n S R 650 (X e o n G e n S R 850 (X e o n G e n S R 860 (X e o n G e n S R 950 (X e o n G e nVMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 7.0 U3Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YOperating systemsTable 8. Operating system support for Intel P4600 1.6TB NVMe 2.5" Enterprise Mainstream PCIe SSD,7SD7A05767Operating systemsMicrosoft Windows Server 2012 R2Y Y Y Microsoft Windows Server 2016Y Y Y Microsoft Windows Server 2019Y Y Y Microsoft Windows Server version 1709Y Y Y Microsoft Windows Server version 1803N Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Server x64 Edition Y Y N Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7Y Y Y Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.0Y N N SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 for AMD64/EM64T N Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12Y Y Y SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.0Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.5Y Y Y VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) 6.7Y Y YWarrantyThe Intel P4600 SSDs carry a 1-year, customer-replaceable unit (CRU) limited warranty. When installed in a supported Lenovo server, these drives assume the system’s base warranty and any warranty upgrade.Solid State Memory cells have an intrinsic, finite number of program/erase cycles that each cell can incur.As a result, each solid state device has a maximum amount of program/erase cycles to which it can be subjected. The warranty for Lenovo solid state drives (SSDs) is limited to drives that have not reached the maximum guaranteed number of program/erase cycles, as documented in the Official Published Specifications for the SSD product. A drive that reaches this limit may fail to operate according to its Specifications.Physical specificationsS D 530 (X e o n G e n S N 550 (X e o n G e n S N 850 (X e o n G e n S R 570 (X e o n G e n S R 590 (X e o n G e n S R 630 (X e o n G e n S R 650 (X e o n G e n S R 850 (X e o n G e n S R 860 (X e o n G e n S R 950 (X e o n G e n x 3850/3950 X 6 (6241, E 7 v 4)x 3550 M 5 (8869)x 3650 M 5 (8871)TrademarksLenovo and the Lenovo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both. A current list of Lenovo trademarks is available on the Web athttps:///us/en/legal/copytrade/.The following terms are trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both:Lenovo®Flex SystemServerProven®System x®ThinkSystem®The following terms are trademarks of other companies:Intel® and Xeon® are trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries.Linux® is the trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.Microsoft®, Windows Server®, and Windows® are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.。
典型3G业务的应用摘要:3G,全称为3rd Generation,中文含义就是指第三代数字通信。
国际电信联盟(ITU)在2000年5月确定W-CDMA、CDMA2000、TD-SCDMA以及WiMAX四大主流无线接口标准,写入3G技术指导性文件《2000年国际移动通讯计划》(简称IMT—2000)。
CDMA是Code Division Multiple Access (码分多址)的缩写,是第三代移动通信系统的技术基础。
目前国内支持国际电联确定三个无线接口标准,分别是中国电信的CDMA2000,中国联通的WCDMA,中国移动的TD-SCDMA,GSM设备采用的是时分多址,而CDMA使用码分扩频技术,先进功率和话音激活至少可提供大于3倍GSM网络容量,业界将CDMA技术作为3G的主流技术,国际电联确定三个无线接口标准,分别是美国CDMA2000,欧洲WCDMA,中国TD-SCDMA。
原中国联通的CDMA现在卖给中国电信,中国电信已经将CDMA升级到3G网络,3G主要特征是可提供移动宽带多媒体业务。
典型的3G业务有:通信类业务,娱乐类业务,资讯类业务,互联网类业务,移动定位业务等。
关键词:3G 接口标准典型业务Abstract:3G, all called 3rd Generation, Chinese meaning is refers to the third Generation digital communication. The international telecommunications union (ITU) in May 2000 to determine W - CDMA, CDMA2000, TDS-CDMA and WiMax four mainstream wireless interface standard, write 3 g technology guidance documents "2000 international mobile communications plan" (referred to as "IMT - 2000). CDMA is Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) abbreviation, is the third generation mobile communication system technology foundation. At present domestic support the ITU determine three wireless interface standard, were China telecom CDMA2000, China Unicom's WCDMA, China mobile TDS-CDMA, GSM equipment by time division multiple access, and CDMA use code points spread spectrum technology, advanced power and voice activation at least can provide more than 3 times the GSM network capacity, industry will CDMA technology as the mainstream of 3 g technology, the ITU determine three wireless interface standard, respectively is the United States CDMA2000, Europe WCDMA, China TDS-CDMA The original China Unicom's CDMA now sold to China telecom, China telecom has CDMA upgrade to 3 g network, 3G main characteristic is to provide mobile broadband multimedia business.The typical 3G business: communication class business, recreation business, information class business, the Internet class,Mobile positioning service etc. Keywords: 3G Interface standard Typical business第三代移动通信和第一代移动通信和第二代移动通信的主要区别:第一代移动通信系统采用频分多址(FDMA)的模拟调制方式,这种系统的主要缺点是频谱利用率低,信令干扰话音业务。
主流支持mainstream support
Microsoft on Wednesday suspended "mainstream support" of the Windows 7 operating system, meaning neither new features nor free help will be given to Windows 7 users.
微软于周三停止对Windows 7操作系统提供“主流支持”,这也就意味着微软将不再为其添加新特性,也意味着不再为Windows 7用户提供免费辅助。
“主流支持”可以用mainstream support表示,所谓主流支持包括,免费的事件支持、保证期索赔、非安全性更新(non-security updates),以及设计改变和功能要求(add new features or functionality)。
停止主流服务意味着微软不会再为Win7推出更新服务包(Service Pack)。
微软自2002年开始引入生命周期策略(lifecycle policy),根据此策略,微软桌面操作系统通常会获得至少10年的技术支持,一般五年是主流支持服务,五年是扩展支持(extended support)服务。
微软对Win7的扩展服务持续到2020年,扩展支持包括修复安全漏洞(patch security vulnerabilities),在这期间,安全补丁(security patch)仍免费,技术更新转为付费。