On the Signatures of Gravitational Redshift The Onset of Relativistic Emission Lines

高三宇宙奥秘英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Black holes are one of the most fascinating and mysterious phenomena in the universe. A black hole is formed when a massive star collapses at the end of its life. The gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.The formation of a black hole begins with the collapse of a massive star. As the star runs out of fuel, it can no longer support its own weight and begins to collapse. The collapse continues until the star reaches a critical density, at which point it becomes a black hole.Black holes have several unique characteristics. One of the most notable is their event horizon, which is the boundary beyond which nothing can escape. Another characteristic is their intense gravitational field, which can distort the space and time around them.Black holes can have a significant impact on the surrounding celestial bodies. They can attract and swallow nearby stars and planets, and their gravitational pull can also affect the orbits of other celestial bodies.Scientists are still working to understand black holes better. They use a variety of tools and techniques, such as telescopes and computer simulations, to study these mysterious objects. Despite significant progressin recent years, there is still much that we don't know about black holes.1. What is a black hole formed by?A. A small star collapsing.B. A massive star collapsing.C. A planet collapsing.D. A moon collapsing.答案：B。

新概念第四册课文_新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】新概念英语网权威发布新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】，更多新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】相关信息请访问新概念英语网。

【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。

为了方便同学们的学习，大范文网为大家整理了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!Lesson40【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth”s most complicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the troughto the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other “living” thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)【New words and expressions 生词和短语】signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与...能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的【课文注释】1.transmit vt.①传达例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。

我的火星之旅英语作文现在完成时全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1I have just returned from the most incredible journey of my life - a trip to Mars! It still feels surreal to say those words out loud. As a young student, I had always dreamed of exploring the vast unknown of space, but never could I have imagined that I would be one of the first people to set foot on the red planet.The opportunity to be part of this historic mission has been a long and grueling process. I have dedicated countless hours to rigorous training, studying everything from astrophysics to survival skills. I have pushed my mind and body to the absolute limit, undergoing simulations that replicated the harsh Martian environment. The selection process alone has been brutal, with only the best and brightest candidates making the cut.As our spacecraft finally broke free from Earth's gravitational pull, a mix of excitement and trepidation washed over me. I have looked down at our beautiful blue planet from the window, wondering what wonders awaited us in the inky blackness of space. The journey itself has been arduous, with long stretches ofmonotony punctuated by critical maneuvers and course corrections.Upon entering Mars' orbit, our anticipation has reached a fever pitch. We have studied every inch of the planet from afar, but nothing could have prepared us for the breathtaking sight of the rusty red surface up close. As our lander detached from the mothership, we have held our breaths, knowing that this was the moment of truth.The descent through the thin Martian atmosphere has been harrowing, with our craft buffeted by turbulence and scorching temperatures. But our engineers have performed flawlessly, and before we knew it, our lander has touched down on the sandy regolith with a gentle thud.I have been the third to step out onto the surface, following in the footsteps of my two crewmates. As I have descended the lander's ramp, the stark, alien landscape has stretched out before me, and I have been struck by a profound sense of insignificance. In that moment, I have felt like a speck of dust in the vastness of the cosmos, humbled by the sheer scope of our achievement.We have spent weeks exploring and conducting experiments, soaking in every moment of this once-in-a-lifetime experience. I have walked where no human has walked before, my bootsleaving imprints in the rusty soil. I have collected samples and deployed scientific instruments, contributing to ourever-growing understanding of this enigmatic world.One of the highlights of our mission has been the opportunity to drive one of the rovers across the Martian terrain. As I have maneuvered the six-wheeled vehicle over rocks and craters, I have marveled at the ingenuity of human engineering that has made this all possible. We have even had the chance to explore the towering slopes of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in the solar system.Of course, not everything has gone according to plan. We have encountered our fair share of challenges and setbacks, from equipment malfunctions to sudden dust storms that have forced us to take shelter. But through it all, our team has remained resilient, working together to overcome every obstacle in our path.As our time on Mars has drawn to a close, I have found myself growing wistful, already missing the otherworldly beauty of this desolate yet captivating world. Leaving our footprints behind has been bittersweet, knowing that we have accomplished something truly extraordinary, but also that we must now return to the familiarity of Earth.The journey home has been just as arduous as the outbound trip, with its own set of challenges and risks. But as our spacecraft has broken through the Earth's atmosphere, streaking across the night sky like a brilliant meteor, I have felt an overwhelming sense of pride and gratitude.I have gained a new perspective on our place in the universe,a humbling realization that we are but tiny specks in the grand scheme of things. Yet, at the same time, I have been inspired by the incredible feats we have achieved through human ingenuity and perseverance.As I have stepped back onto solid ground, enveloped in the warm embrace of Earth's atmosphere, I have been greeted by a hero's welcome. People from all walks of life have lined the streets, cheering and waving flags, united in celebration of our triumphant return.In the days and weeks since, I have been inundated with questions from curious minds, eager to learn about my experiences on the red planet. I have shared my stories and insights, hoping to inspire the next generation of explorers to reach for the stars, just as I once did.This journey to Mars has been the culmination of a lifelong dream, a testament to the boundless potential of humancuriosity and ambition. It has been an experience that has forever changed me, both as a student and as a human being. And though the memories may fade with time, the impact of this adventure will forever be etched into the fabric of my soul.篇2My Voyage to Mars in the Present Perfect TenseWell, here I am, back on Earth after the most incredible experience of my life - I have just returned from an expedition to Mars! It still feels surreal and I can scarcely believe that I have accomplished such an extraordinary feat. Let me recount the incredible journey that I have undertaken.It all began a few years ago when I first heard about the Mars Colonization Program being organized by the newly formed Interplanetary Exploration Corporation. They had put out a call for volunteer civilians to take part in humanity's first attempt at establishing a permanent settlement on the Red Planet. Despite the obvious risks and challenges, I leapt at the opportunity without hesitation. I have always been fascinated by space exploration ever since I was a little kid watching the Apollo missions on our old television set. To have the chance to actually travel to another world was a dream come true.The training process that I have gone through has been immensely rigorous, pushing me to my absolute limits both physically and mentally. I have spent countless hours in simulators, practicing everything from Mars surface operations to emergency protocols. The team of scientists and engineers have left no stone unturned in preparing us for every contingency. I have absorbed volumes of technical data on the systems of the spacecraft, life support equipment, Martian surface conditions and much more. It has been the most demanding educational experience of my life.Finally, after years of preparation, the day of launch arrived. I have never experienced such a heightened mixture of emotions - pride, apprehension, excitement and fear all wrapped into one. As the huge rocket engines roared to life beneath me, I could scarcely believe that my dream was becoming a reality. Theg-forces pressed me back into my seat as we climbed ever higher into the sky. Before I knew it, Earth had become a small blue marble hanging in the inky blackness, growing smaller with every passing moment.The journey through the void of space has been bothawe-inspiring and arduous. I have gazed out of the viewports in wonderment at the brilliant tapestry of stars unmared byatmosphere. I have seen the achingly beautiful colors of the Milky Way stretching across the heavens in a manner that can never be replicated on Earth. Looking upwards, the stars that had once seemed so distant and unreachable now surrounded me on all sides. Space is an endlessly captivating spectacle that never fails to leave me breathless.At the same time, the voyage has not been without its challenges. Living for months in the confined quarters of the spacecraft has taken its toll. Simple tasks like bathing and using the bathroom have become ordeals to be carefully managed. Meals have been nutritious but extremely bland affairs of freeze-dried food packages. I have missed the simple pleasures of fresh air, wide open spaces and home-cooked meals more than I can describe. Sleeping has also been difficult, with the constant background hum of machinery and faint vibrations passing through the hull. I have spent many hours staring sleeplessly out at the star fields, my mind dwelling on the immense distances between myself and my former life on Earth.At last, after nearly a year of transit, the rust-hued disc of Mars has grown larger and larger in our viewports with each passing week. I have watched it transform from a mere reddish dot into a geographically distinct world before my eyes. Finally,the dramatic moment of atmospheric entry and landing sequence arrived. I could feel the built up heat and pressure on the hull as we punched through Mars' thin atmosphere in a blaze of plasma. Then the parachutes deployed to further slow our descent for the final rocket-assisted landing. Setting down on the alien soil with adusty thump was an experience I have replayed in my mind a thousand times already.The first few weeks on Mars itself have been a flurry of intense work and exploration. I have helped assemble and test the primary habitat structures, life support systems, power generators and communication uplinks. Once the outpost was functionally established, the real adventure began. I have donned the compact but highly sophisticated exploration suits and ventured out onto the ruddy, dusty expanse to collect samples, study the geology and set up experiment packages. Every step outside has been monumental, an overwhelming feeling like I was the first human being to ever walk on this untamed world. Bounding across the rusty plains in the low Martian gravity felt intoxicatingly freeing, like playing at being an astronaut in my childhood fantasies.The Martian landscape has been rocky, desolate and unutterably ancient beyond my comprehension. I have seensweeping vistas of craters, canyons, desert dunes and mountain ranges that make the most rugged locales on Earth look tame by comparison. The sky overhead has had a haunting bloodred tint during the day, fading to inky purples and blacks at night and allowing the stars to shine through with spectacular brilliance. Sunsets and sunrises on this alien world have beenights to behold, with the tiny dot of our sun seeming to dangle much closer amidst strange blue, orange and violet hues splayed across the thin Martian sky.Life on Mars has certainly not been easy, but I have relished every moment. I have had to meticulously follow safety protocols and checklists for every task. Air, water and food have been severely rationed commodities on which my life depends. The habitats, though comfortable, often felt confining and made me yearn for the wide open vistas outside. Power requirements and allocation have also been a constant consideration, with everything from life support to experiment operations placing strains on our limited reservoir of energy.Nevertheless, I have gained experiences here that I could have never even imagined previously. I feel humbled to be among the first explorers of a new world, sole members of humanity to have stood on Martian soil and gazed upon itsotherworldly wonders. I have learned skills and performed duties that made me feel both insignificant and empowered in the same breath. Every day spent studying and working on this dusty alien globe has filled me with a deep sense of pride and accomplishment. I only lament that my time here has been so temporary.At long last, the crew transfer window opened up and our relief team arrived from Earth to rotate in and allow us to return home. Boarding the spacecraft for the return trip has been bittersweet. Part of me was overjoyed to finally be heading back to loved ones, comforts and the familiar grounds of my birthworld. Yet at the same time, I have felt a profound sense of loss at leaving this magnificent desolation behind. Mars has become a second home to me in a way, and I wonder if I have left a piece of my soul behind forever.As I have soared back through the inky celestial realm towards the Earth, I have spent countless hours reminiscing and poring over images, video logs and samples collected from my time on the Red Planet. I have traced the curves of ancient river valleys, run simulations of atmospheric phenomena, and analyzed soil and rock compositions again and again, as if attempting to sear every detail into my memory forever. In thosesilent moments drifting between worlds, I have felt a strange sense of melancholy, as though a part of me is no longer completely anchored to Earth.Finally, I have burst through the atmosphere in a blaze of heat and light, and splashed down in the waters of the Pacific to be picked up by recovery crews. Setting foot on Terra Firma once again has been an overwhelming experience. The air has tasted richer and sweeter than any wine, the colors and textures more vibrant than any memory, and the vast open spaces have filled me with a childlike sense of liberation. And yet, I have felt displaced to be back in this lush world of biological richness after so long traversing the stark, barren deserts of an alien land.As I sit here now typing out these words, my soul is still somewhere in transit, not fully settled on any one celestial shore. The journey that I have undertaken has profoundly changed my perspectives in both humbling and empowering ways. I have gazed upon our Earth, the only world in the universe that we know harbors life, hanging like a tiny jewel amid the cosmic enormity. Then I have walked across an entire other planet, untrodden before by any lifeform whatsoever, and gained new appreciation for how extraordinary and rare our existence truly is.I know not what the future holds, but one thing is certain - part of me will always remain on Mars, a piece of my being left behind on those dusty crimson plains to serve as the vanguard for humanity's greater destiny among the stars. The fire of exploration and discovery has been lit within my soul, never to be extinguished. I have been to Mars, and in so doing have taken one of the first small steps that will ultimately carry our species to the furthest reaches of the cosmos itself. That was my voyage, and it has forever changed me.篇3My Journey to MarsI have just returned from the most incredible adventure of my life - a journey to Mars as part of the first group of student explorers. The memories are still so fresh and vivid, almost as if I haven't even left the red planet yet.The preparation for this historic mission has been extensive and demanding. For the past two years, I have undergone rigorous training alongside nineteen other students from around the world. We have learned everything from piloting spacecraft to conducting scientific experiments,ResourceConsolidated survival skills on an alien world. The anticipation and excitementhave built with every simulation, every lecture, every grueling physical test.Finally, the day of launch arrived. I have boarded the massive interplanetary craft along with my crewmates, said my tear-filled goodbyes to family and friends on Earth through video calls, and strapped myself in as the tremendous rocket engines roared to life beneath us. The g-forces during liftoff have pushed me back in my seat like nothing I have ever experienced before. But my heart has raced with exhilaration, not fear, as our home planet has rapidly receded behind a fading cloud of vapor.The journey itself across the vast gulf of space between Earth and Mars has posed its own challenges that I have had to overcome. I have had to adapt to the confined living quarters, the simplistic food dispensed from pouches, the international crew who speak different languages. We have passed the long transit time training our minds and bodies, running experiments, and monitoring the spacecraft systems. Staring out of the small viewing windows, I have marveled at the breathtaking vistas of stars unsullied by atmospheric distortion. Several times we have made course corrections with precise rear bursts from the engines to ensure we remain on the correct trajectory.At last, after seven months of travel, the rusty-red disk of Mars has grown larger in our front viewing ports each day. The descent through the thin Martian atmosphere using heat shields and parachutes has been fierce but controlled. I have watched in amazement as the surface features - the flat northern plains, the gargantuan volcanoes, the yawning canyons - have rushed up to meet us. Finally, the retrorockets have fired in a deafening roar to slow our speed. Our landing craft has gently settled on the reddish, dusty ground in Chryse Planitia, and I have become one of the first humans to set foot on another planet.I have spent the last three months living and working in the Mars expedition habitat we have constructed ahead of time using autonomous rovers. Every day on Mars has been spent making discoveries and overcoming new obstacles. I have experienced the novelty and delight of donning a compact spacecraft and bouncing across the lower Martian gravity on short expeditions. I have extended the range of my explorations riding in a longrange rover, its large tires crunching across the coarse regolith. Using scoops, drills and analytical instruments, I have gathered soil and rock samples to examine their composition and structure, searching for any traces of past or present microbial life.I have scaled towering cliff escarpments to access deeper, older layers of the Martian crust that hold secrets about the planet's formation. I have deployed seismometers and meteorology instruments to probe the geologic activity of this small rocky world. Using remote cameras and satellites coordinating with controllers on Earth, I have carefully mapped the Martian surface in detail and searched for future human landing sites for more ambitious expeditions. I have witnessed every aspect of this alien world up close - the rusty hued sand and boulders, the pale ruddy sky, the rising twin moons, the heaving dust storms that can last for weeks, the bitterly cold conditions only survivable within a protective suit.Living in the compact Mars habitat has brought its own challenges that I have had to surmount. Our expedition crew has had to work in shifts to conserve precious air, water, food and energy within the habitat's closed-loop life support system. We have had to troubleshoot and repair malfunctions in the equipment using cleverness and limited resources, since nore-supply vehicles can reach us from Earth at a moment's notice. Most difficult has been maintaining team cohesion and morale during the long periods of confined isolation, with no visiting friends or family for months on end. We have had to support each other through the inevitable bouts of homesickness,distress and interpersonal tensions that arise from such extraordinarily stressful conditions.Now I have lifted off from Mars aboard the small transit vehicle with my crewmates, leaving behind the red desert panoramas that have become so familiar to me these past three months. As I have gazed out at the burnt-orange globe slowly shrinking behind us, I have felt a great sense of wonder and accomplishment at having been among the first explorers on this long-mysterious world. The journey back to Earth aboard this tiny craft has been just as arduousas the initial transit from Earth to Mars. I have had to be patient as we coast across the vast deep of space, cold and drifting. Finally, the atmosphere of Earth has rushed up and embraced our heat shields in a furious tornado of plasma. That flickering, turbulent inferno has at last deposited what remains of our craft in the Pacific Ocean, where we have breathed our first fresh breezes of terrestrial air and awaited retrieval.Having now returned to Earth, I have found that no amount of training or simulations could have prepared me for the majesty of being on Mars in person. I have seen landscapes and phenomena so unlike anything on my home planet. I have gathered data and samples that will unlock doors of newscientific knowledge. I have proven that human beings can travel across the cosmic ocean and establish a foothold, however small and temporary, on another world. And through it all, despite the hardships and loneliness endured, I have been forever transformed by this mind-opening experience of seeing Earth from the cosmic perspective as a pale blue haven of life in the darkness - our precious refuge in the vastness of space. I will carry the memories I have made on Mars for the rest of my days.。

天体物理学家英文Astronomers are the intrepid explorers of the cosmos, delving into the mysteries of the universe with unwavering curiosity and scientific rigor. These dedicated individuals, known as astrophysicists, have dedicated their lives to unraveling the secrets of the celestial bodies that populate the vast expanse of the heavens.At the heart of an astrophysicist's work lies a deep fascination with the fundamental laws that govern the behavior of stars, galaxies, and the entire cosmic landscape. From the birth and evolution of stars to the nature of black holes and the origins of the universe itself, these scientists seek to uncover the underlying principles that shape the grand cosmic tapestry.One of the primary focuses of astrophysicists is the study of the formation and evolution of stars. By analyzing the spectral signatures and luminosities of these celestial beacons, they can piece together the intricate processes that govern a star's life cycle, from its fiery birth in clouds of gas and dust to its eventual demise, whether in a supernova explosion or a gradual fading into a dense remnant like a white dwarf or neutron star.This knowledge not only satisfies our innate curiosity about the cosmos but also has profound implications for our understanding of the universe and our place within it. The elements that make up our own planet and the very molecules that form the building blocks of life were forged in the nuclear furnaces of stars, and astrophysicists play a crucial role in tracing the origins of these essential materials.Beyond the study of individual stars, astrophysicists also delve into the complex dynamics of galaxies, both near and far. By observing the intricate patterns of motion and the distribution of matter within these vast stellar systems, they can uncover the hidden forces that shape the cosmic landscape, from the gravitational pull of dark matter to the influence of supermassive black holes at the centers of many galaxies.One of the most exciting frontiers in astrophysics is the search for exoplanets – planets orbiting stars other than our own Sun. By employing sophisticated techniques like the transit method and direct imaging, astrophysicists have discovered thousands of these distant worlds, opening up new avenues for understanding the diversity of planetary systems and the potential for extraterrestrial life.The quest to unravel the mysteries of the universe is not without its challenges, however. Astrophysicists must grapple with the vastscales and extreme conditions that characterize the cosmos, often relying on cutting-edge technologies and complex mathematical models to make sense of the data they collect. From the construction of powerful telescopes and space-based observatories to the development of sophisticated computer simulations, these scientists are constantly pushing the boundaries of what is possible in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.Yet, despite the inherent difficulties of their work, astrophysicists remain driven by a profound sense of wonder and a deep commitment to expanding the frontiers of human understanding. They are the modern-day explorers, charting the uncharted realms of the universe and inspiring generations of young minds to follow in their footsteps.As we continue to delve deeper into the cosmos, the role of the astrophysicist becomes ever more crucial. These dedicated individuals not only contribute to our scientific understanding but also shape our very conception of our place in the grand scheme of the universe. Their work not only satisfies our innate curiosity but also has the potential to unlock the secrets of our origins and the future of our existence.In the end, the pursuit of astrophysics is a testament to the human spirit – a relentless drive to explore, to understand, and to push theboundaries of what is known. It is a journey of discovery that continues to captivate and inspire, and astrophysicists are the intrepid trailblazers leading the way.。

JOURNEY TO THE EDGE OF THE UNIVERSE Our world. warm, comfortable, familiar......But when we look up, we wonder:Do we occupy a special place in the cosmos?Or are we merely a celestial footnote？Is the universe welcoming or hostile?We could stand here forever, wonderingOr we could leave home on the ultimate adventureTo discover wondersConfront horrorsBeautiful new worldsMalevolent dark forcesThe Beginning of time.The moment of creation.Would we have the courage to see it through?Or would we run for home?There's only one way to find outOur journey through time and space begins with a single step.At the edge of space, only 60 miles up......just an hour's drive from homeDown there, life continues.The traffic is awful, stocks go on trading...and Star Trek is still showingWhen we return home, if we return home......will it be the same?Will we be the same?We have to leave all this behindTo dip out toes into the vast dark oceanOn to the Moon.旅行到宇宙边缘我们的世界温暖、舒适熟悉但当我们仰望天空我们想知道我们是居住在宇宙中一个独特的地方或仅仅是太空的小小一隅?宇宙是友善的还是充满敌意？我们是一直站在这里猜想还是离开故园来一次终极探险去发现奇观直面恐怖美丽的新世界邪恶的黑暗势力时间的起点创世的时刻我们是否有坚持到底的勇气或是逃回家？想找到答案只有一个方法我们开始一步步时空之旅离地面60英里（100公里）高度,就是太空边缘...仅仅一个小时车程地面上，生活在继续车水马龙商业繁忙《星际迷航》还在播出当我们回到家如果我们还能回家一切还会如初吗？我们还是原来的我们吗？我们必须抛掉这一切步入前方广阔的黑暗海洋前往月球Dozens of astronauts have come this way before us Twelve walked on the moon itselfJust a quarter of a million miles from home.Three days by spacecraftBarren.Desolate.It's like a deserted battlefieldBut oddly familiar.So close, we've barely left homeNeil Armstrong's first footprints.Looks like they were made yesterdayThere's no air to change them.They could survive for millions of yearsMaybe longer than us.Our time is limitedWe need to take our own giant leapOne million miles, 5 million, 20 million miles.We're far beyond where any human has ever venturedOut of the darkness, a friendly faceT he goddess of love, Venus.The morning star.The evening star.She can welcome the new day in the east......say good night in the westA sister to our planet......she's about the same size and gravity as Earth.We should be safe hereBut the Venus Express space probe is setting off alarmsIt's telling us, these dazzling clouds, they're made of deadly sulfuric acid The atmosphere is choking with carbon dioxideNever expected this Venus is one angry goddess.在我们之前，已有数十名宇航员前往月球其中12人踏上了月球月球距离地球只有25万英里（40万公里）坐宇宙飞船需要3天贫瘠荒芜月球看起来就像一个遗弃的战场但是惊人的熟悉那么近，就像我们几乎没有离开家尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的第一个脚印看起来就像在昨天留下的那里没有能够改变脚印的空气这些足迹会存在数百万年或许比人类存在的时间都长我们的时间是有限的我们必须自己踏出自己的一大步1百万英里5百万英里2千万英里远征前人未曾到达的地方一个友善的面孔从黑暗中浮现爱之女神金星启明星长庚星它可以在东方迎接新的一天...还会在西方道晚安金星是地球的姊妹星......大小和引力与地球相仿我们在这里应该是安全的但是金星快车空间探测器却时刻提醒着我们告诉我们那些耀眼的云层是由致命的硫酸构成金星的大气层充斥着二氧化碳没想到金星是一个愤怒的女神The air is noxious, the pressure unbearable.And it's hot, approaching 900 degreesStick around and we'd be corroded suffocated, crushed and baked Nothing can survive here.Not even this Soviet robotic probe.Its heavy armor's been trashed by the extreme atmosphere.So lovely from Earth, up close, this goddess is hideousShe's the sister from hell.Pockmarked by thousands of volcanoesAll that carbon dioxide is trapping the Sun's heat.Venus is burning up.It's global warming gone wildBefore it took hold, maybe Venus was beautiful, calm......more like her sister planet, Earth.So this could be Earth's futureWhere are the twinkling stars?The beautiful spheres gliding through space?Maybe we shouldn't be out here, maybe we should turn backBut there's something about the Sun, something hypnotic, like the Medusa Too terrible to look at, too powerful to resistLuring us onward on, like a moth to a flame.Wait ,there's something else, obscured by the sunIt must be Mercury.Get too close to the sun, this is what happens.Temperatures swing wildly hereAt night, it's minus 275 degreese midday, it's 800 plus.Burnt then frozen.The MESSENGER space probe is telling us something strange.For its size, Mercury has a powerful gravitational pull.It's a huge ball of iron, covered with a thin veneer of rock有毒的空气难以忍受的压力还有炙热温度接近900度（500°C）多呆一会我们会被腐蚀、窒息、压碎和烤焦任何东西都无法在这里生存即使像前苏联金星号机器人探测器它的厚重装甲已被这极端的大气环境给毁了从地球看她是多么可爱近观这个女神却是可怕的她是来自地狱的姊妹数千座火山犹如长满了痘疮大气层中的二氧化碳留住了太阳热量金星正在燃烧这是无节制的全球气候变暖在它变暖之前或许是美丽而平静的...很像她的姊妹星地球也许就它是我们地球的未来那些闪烁的星星哪里去了？美丽的圆球滑进了太空？或许我们不应该来这里我们应该回去但是太阳有催眠般的魔力象美杜莎（古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪之一）可怕的让人无法正视，也无法抗拒她的力量引诱我们继续前进像飞蛾扑火等等，这里还有其他东西被太阳炙烤它一定是水星太靠近太阳，就会这样这里温度剧烈变化晚上会到零下275度（-170°C）...正午则超过800度（400°C）烧焦再被冰冻信使号空间探测器发现了一些奇怪的现象相对体积来说，小小的水星具有强大的引力它就像一个裹着薄薄岩石层的大铁球The core of what was once a much larger planet.So where's the rest of it?Maybe a stray planet slammed into Mercury...blasting away its outer layers in a deadly game of cosmic pinball Whole worlds on the loose careening wildly across the cosmos... ...destroying anything in their pathAnd we're in the middle of itVulnerable, exposed, smallEverything is telling us to turn back.But who could defy this?The Sun in all its mesmerizing splendorOur light, our lives......everything we do is controlled by the SunDepends on itIt's the Greek god Helios driving his chariot across the skyThe Egyptian god Ra reborn every dayThe summer solstice sun rising at Stonehenge.For millions of years......this was as close as it got to staring into the face of GodIt's so far away......it is burned out, we wouldn't know about it for eight minutesIt's so Big, you could fit one million Earths inside itBut who needs number? we've got the real thingWe see it every day, a familiar face in our skyNow, up close, it's unrecognizable.A turbulent sea of incandescent gasThe thermometer pushes 10,000 degreescan't imagine how hot the core is ,could be tens of millions of degreesHot enough to transform millions of tons of matter into energy every second More than all the energy ever made by mankind这是一颗大行星留下的核心其他部分去哪里了呢？或许是一个迷路的行星猛地撞进了水星...在一场致命的宇宙弹球游戏中水星的外层被炸掉了这些游荡的行星在宇宙中疯狂地掠过...毁掉他们道路上的一切我们就在其中脆弱、裸露而且渺小这一且都在告诉我们该回去了但是谁又能抗拒的了散发着迷人光彩的太阳？我们的光线，我们的生命我们的一切都被太阳控制着依赖于它它是驾着战车穿越天际的希腊美男子太阳神是每天重生的埃及神“拉”（埃及神话里的太阳神）以及巨石阵夏至的日出数百万年来我们对太阳神的景仰止于远观由于实在太远如果太阳熄灭了，8分钟后我们才会知道太阳大到可以装下100万颗地球谁需要这些数字呢我们看到了它的真面目我们每天看到太阳挂在天空的熟悉面孔现在近观它，又陌生起来由炙热气体形成的汹涌大海表面温度超过1万度（5000°C）难以置信的是它的核心温度则可以到数千万度这里热到足以能够每秒钟把数百万吨物质转化成能量超过人类有史以来产生的所有能量Dwarfing the power of all the nuclear weapons on Earth.Back home, we use this energy for light and heatBut up close, there's nothing comforting about the Sun.Its electrical and magnetic forces erupt in giant molten gas loops. Some are larger than a dozen EarthsMore powerful than 10 million volcanoes.And when they burst through they expose cooler layers below... ...making sunspots.A fraction cooler than their surrounding, sunspots look black... ...But they're hotter than anything on Earth.And massive up to 20 times the size of Earth.But one day, all this will stopThe Sun's fuel will be spent.And when it dies, the Earth will followThis god creates life, destroys it......and demands we keep out distanceThis comet strayed too closeThe Sun's heat is boiling it away......creating a tail that stretches for millions of miles.It's freezing in here.There's no doubt where this comet's from, the icy wastes of deep space But all this steam and geysers and dust......it's the Sun again, melting the comet's frozen heart.Strange.A kind of vast, dirty snowball, covered in grimy tarTiny grains of what looks like organic material......preserved on ice, since who knows when......maybe even the beginning of the solar system.Say a comet like this crashed into the young Earth billions of years ago. Maybe it delivered organic material and water...the raw ingredients of life地球上所有的核武器对于它都是小巫见大巫在地球，这些能量是我们利用的光和热近距离观看时，却是令人感到不安太阳的电磁活动迸发出巨大的炙热气体环状物（日珥）有的足有一打地球那么大释放的能量超过一千万个火山当它喷发的时候就会露出下面温度较低的部分形成太阳黑子太阳黑子比周围温度低一些所以看起来是黑的但仍比地球任何东西都热太阳黑子同样巨大，超过地球大小的20倍但是总有一天，这一切都会结束太阳的燃料会耗尽太阳死去，地球也会随之死亡这个神祗创造了生命，也会摧毁生命要求我们保持距离这个彗星太靠近太阳了它被太阳的热量蒸发产生绵延数百万英里的彗尾这里冰冷彻骨我们清楚彗星来自哪里它来自深太空的冰冻垃圾但你看这些蒸汽、间歇泉和尘埃这是太阳正在融化彗星的冰冻核心太奇异了犹如外面包裹着肮脏沥青的巨大脏雪球看起来像是有机物的小颗粒被冷冻保存谁会知道已经保存了多久也许和太阳系同龄如果像这样一颗彗星在数十亿年前撞到年轻的地球也许带来了有机物和水...... 生命的原始物质It may even have sown the seeds of life on Earth......that evolved into you and meBut say it crashed into the Earth nowThink of the dinosaurs, wiped out by a comet or asteroid strikeIt's only a question of time.Eventually, one day, we'll go the way of the dinosaursIf life on Earth was wiped out, we'd be stuck out here......homeless, adrift in a hostile universeWe'd need to find another homeAmong the millions, billions of planets......there must be one that's not too hot, not too cold, with air, sunlight, water... ...where, like Goldilocks, we could comfortably liveThe red planetUnmistakably Mars.For centuries, we've looked to Mars for company......for signs of lifeCould there be extraterrestrial life here?Are we ready to rewrite the history books, to tear up the science books... ...to turn our world upside down?What happens next could change everythingMars is the planet that most captures our imagination.Think of B-movies, sci-fi comics, what follows?Martians?It's all just fiction, right?But what it there really is something here?Hard to imagine, though. Up close, this is a dead planetThe activity that makes the Earth livable shut down millions of years ago here Red and deadMars is a giant fossil.Wait. Something is aliveA dust devil, a big one彗星甚至可能在地球上播下生命之种后来进化成你和我如果彗星现在撞上地球想想恐龙吧被彗星或是小行星的撞击彻底灭绝这只是时间问题毫无疑问，总有一天我们会步恐龙的后尘如果地球上的生命灭绝了我们会被困在这里无家可归，漂泊在危险宇宙中我们需要找一个新家在几百万甚至数十亿的行星中一定会有一个行星不会很热，也不会很冷有空气、阳光和水可以让我们舒适居住,生活红色行星我们都熟知的火星几个世纪以来，我们一直都在寻找火星上的同伴寻找生命迹象那里有外星生物吗？我们准备好改写史书，撕毁科学书籍颠覆我们的世界了吗？接下来发生的可能会改变一切火星比任何其他行星都能激发我们的遐想想到科幻电影、漫画，你会联想到什么-火星人？这都是虚构的，对吗？但如果这里真的有生物呢？无法想象，近观火星是一个死去的行星使得地球适宜居住的演化过程几亿年前在火星上就停止了红色、死寂火星是一块巨大的化石等一下，还有东西在活动一个巨大的尘暴Bigger than the biggest twisters back home.There's wind hereAnd where there's wind, there's airCould that air sustain extraterrestrial life?It's too thin tor us to breathe.And there's no ozone layerNothing to protect us against the Sun's ultraviolet rays.There is water......But frigid temperatures keep it in a constant deep freezeIt's hard to believe anything could live hereBack on Earth, there are creatures that survive in extreme cold, heat... ...even in the deepest ocean trenchesIt's as though life is a virus.It adapts, spreadsMaybe that's what we're doing right now......carrying the virus of life across the universe.Even in the most extreme conditions life usually finds a way.But on a dead planet?With no way to replenish its soil, no heat to melt its frozen water?All this dust, it's hard to see where we're goingOlympus Mons, named after the home of the Greek godsA vast ancient volcano.Three times higher than Everest.There's no sign of activity.Since its discovery in the 1970s, it's been declared extinctHang on.These look like lava flows.But any sign of lava should be long gone. obliterated by meteorite craters Unless, this monster isn't dead, just sleepingThere could be magma flowing beneath the crust right now......building up, waiting to be unleashed绝对超过地球上最大的龙卷风这里有风有风说明有空气可以维持外星生物的空气但对我们的呼吸来说，火星的空气太稀薄了而且这里没有臭氧层没有什么能够保护其不受太阳紫外线的伤害这里有水但在彻骨的严寒中只能永远被冰冻很难相信有什么可以在这里生存但是在地球极冷和极热的地方都有生物存在即使在最深的海沟生命好像病毒会适应环境、会散播也许我们现在正在携带着生命的病毒穿越宇宙即使在最极端的环境里，生命都会找到生存的办法但在这个死去的行星上没有活动去补充它土壤中的成分没有热量使其冰冻水融化还有大量尘埃，让我们无法辨别方位奥林匹斯山，以希腊众神的家乡命名一座巨大的古火山超过珠穆朗玛峰的三倍高。

(美音版）新概念英语第四册：Lesson 40 Waves Lesson 40 Waves第40课海浪First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity.海浪是大海和空气相斗的产物，无限的一种不间断的标志。

Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life.太阳光刺激了地球的大气层，并给予它能量；阳光使空气开始流动，产生节奏，获得生命。

The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves--an ancient, exquisite powerful message.然后，风把太阳的住处带给了大海，海洋用波浪的形式传递这个信息 -- 一个源过流长、高雅而有力的信息。

These ocean waves are among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena.这些海浪属于地球上最复杂的自然现象。

The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave),它们的基本特征包括浪峰（波浪的点）、a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest),波谷（最低点）、浪高（从波谷到浪峰的垂直距离）、a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests),波长（两个浪峰间的水平距离）and a period (which is the time it takes awave crest to travel one wave length).和周期（海峰走过一个波长所需的时间）。

九年级英语太空探索知识单选题50题1. The first human to journey into outer space was:A. Neil ArmstrongB. Yuri GagarinC. Buzz AldrinD. Alan Shepard答案：B。

解析：Y uri Gagarin于1961年成为第一个进入太空的人类。

Neil Armstrong是第一个登上月球的人；Buzz Aldrin是第二个登上月球的人；Alan Shepard是美国第一位进入太空的宇航员，但不是世界上第一个进入太空的人。

2. Which was one of the earliest space exploration projects?A. Apollo programB. Sputnik programC. Space Shuttle programD. V oyager program答案：B。

解析：Sputnik program是最早的太空探索项目之一，苏联于1957年发射了第一颗人造卫星。

Apollo program主要是美国的载人登月计划；Space Shuttle program是航天飞机项目；V oyager program主要是深空探测项目，它们都晚于Sputnik program。

3. The first artificial satellite launched into space was named:A. Explorer 1B. Sputnik 1C. Luna 1D. Vanguard 1答案：B。

解析：Sputnik 1是1957年被发射到太空的第一颗人造卫星。

Explorer 1是美国发射的第一颗人造卫星；Luna 1是苏联发射的月球探测器；Vanguard 1是美国发射的卫星，但都不是第一颗人造卫星。

4. Which country launched the first human - made object into space?A. The United StatesB. ChinaC. The Soviet UnionD. The United Kingdom答案：C。