《全球油气分布》Global Distribution of Oil and Gas

Unit 2 Energy in Transition能源转型The era of cheap and convenient sources of energy is coming to an end.A transition to more expensive but less polluting sources must now be managed.能源资源价格低廉、使用便捷的时代已经过去了，目前应向尽管价格较高、但污染较小的资源转变。

John P. HoldrenUnderstanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy －including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts －detract from well-being.１．要了解这一转变，首先需要考察一下能源和人类幸福的双重关系。

能源为人类提供了诸如取暖、照明等消费服务的同时，也为经济生产活动提供必要投入，从这个意义上讲，能源为人类幸福做出了积极贡献。

然而，人类为利用能源所付出的代价却削弱了能源为其带来的利益，这种代价不仅包括为获取和利用能源所投入的资金和其他资源，而且包含了能源开发和利用所产生的环境影响和社会政治影响。

油气开发地质学知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新中国地质大学（武汉）绪论单元测试1.美国正式出版的《石油开发地质学》在1979年由塔尔萨大学的---完成的？（）参考答案:P.A.迪基2.Geological development of the study is（）参考答案:Static and dynamic reservoir第一章测试1.油气田开发地质工作的核心任务是在油藏管理的全过程中，正确描述油藏开发地质特征。

（）参考答案:对2.油藏的边界条件特指：（）参考答案:底水;非渗透性岩性圈闭;气顶3.The recommendation of oil and gas reservoir geological classification at yourChinese book is （）参考答案:according to geometry and boundary conditions;based on reservoircharacteristics and flow;by the fluid nature4.Coal, oil and natural gas all form from the decomposition of organic matter.（）参考答案:对5.流体性质主要包括（）参考答案:密度、粘度、凝固点及烃类、非烃类组分6.裂缝性储集层指天然存在的裂缝对储层内流体流动具有重要影响或据预测具有重要影响的储集层。

（）参考答案:对7.油气田开发是一个系统工程，在油气田开发总体系统工程中，开发地质是中心环节，它涉及到油气田开发的全过程，是油田开发的灵魂。

（）参考答案:对8.油气开发地质学的研究内容广泛，研究方法也具有多样性，主要包括：（）实验方法;油藏工程法;地球物理法;数学、人工智能及计算机等方法9.石油是一种成分十分复杂的液态混合物，主要成分包括：（）参考答案:非烃化合物;少量氧、氧、硫、氮等微量元素;烃类化合物10.石油具有极高的电阻率，是一种非导体。

广东化工2021年第1期· 40 · 第48卷总第435期油气储运技术的当今现状与发展趋势任飞扬，张一夫，于鹏飞(兰州理工大学，甘肃兰州730050)[摘要]油气储运工程是连接油气资源在生产、加工、分配和销售中各个环节的纽带，也是实现油气销量利用的关键步骤。

进入21世纪以来，随着活跃的全球科技方面的创新以及新的科技革命和产业革命的进行，全球在经济结构方面也发生着变化。

正在到来的能源革命和智能革命将对人类社会带来深远的影响，油气储运行业要紧跟时代发展，抢抓新机遇，迎接新挑战，在新的变革中发挥更大的作用。

[关键词]油气储运；现状；问题；发展[中图分类号]TQ [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1007-1865(2021)01-0040-01Current Status and Development Trend of Oil and Gas Storage andTransportation TechnologyRen Feiyang, Zhang Yifu, Yu Pengfei(Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China)Abstract: Oil and gas storage and transportation engineering is a link connecting all links of oil and gas resources in production, processing, distribution and sales, and is also a key step to realize the utilization of oil and gas sales. Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the active global scientific and technological innovation and the new technological revolution and industrial revolution, the global economic structure is also changing. The coming energy revolution and intelligent revolution will have a profound impact on human society. The oil and gas storage and transportation industry should keep up with the development of the times, seize new opportunities, meet new challenges, and play a greater role in the new changes.Keywords: oil and gas storage and transportation；present situation；problems；development1 油气储运工程发展的历史在古代，中国是世界上最早使用管道工艺的国家，早在中国的汉朝，蜀中人民就已经开始使用“笕”，它是以当地盛产的竹子作为原料，并在外部用麻布缠绕并且浇灌桐油制成，我们目前铺设的输气管线就是来自于此而发明的。

世界石油工业World Petroleum Industry第27卷 第5期 2020年10月V ol.27 No.5 Oct., 202052产业经济Industrial EconomyI抓住低油价机遇积极获取优质油气资产窦立荣，肖伟，刘贵洲（中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司，北京 100034）摘要：为优化公司资产结构、聚焦核心业务，资产并购已成为石油公司快速发展的重要手段。

受新冠肺炎疫情和低油价的影响，2020年上半年全球油气资产收并购是近20年来同期的最低点。

2020年7月雪佛龙公司以144亿美元收购诺贝尔能源公司给全球油气工业的复苏带来了一丝曙光。

通过分析发现，高负债是油公司/资产被收购的主因，优质储/产量、协同创效和投资组合的互补是交易的价值所在，深水和环非洲圈是交易的热点地区。

建议中国的石油公司抓住低油价的机遇，立足环非洲圈，密切跟踪一批大型石油公司拟剥离的优质油气项目和拥有优质油气储量的中小公司，注重低碳资产，创新交易方式，稳妥开展技术经济评价，力争获得几个拥有优质油气储量和较大勘探潜力的项目。

关键词：石油公司；低油价；油气资产；收并购；协同效应；环非洲圈；深水领域中图分类号：TE-9 文献标识码：ASeize the opportunity of low oil price to acquire high-qualityoil & gas assets activelyDOU Lirong, XIAO Wei, LIU Guizhou(China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company Ltd., Beijing 100034, China)Abstract: In order to optimize the company ’s portfolios and focus on the core business, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) of assets has become an important approach for the rapid development of oil companies. Affected by COVID-19 epidemic and low oil price, the first half of 2020 is the lowest year-to-year period for the M&A of oil and gas assets in the past 20 years. Chevron ’s $14.4 billion acquisition of Nobel Energy in July 2020 offers a glimmer of hope for the recovery of the global oil and gas industry. Through analysis, this paper finds that high debt is the main reason for oil companies or assets to be acquired, high quality reserves and production, run-rate synergy and portfolio complementarity are where the transaction value lies, and deep water frontiers and the circle-Africa are the hot spots for the transaction. It is suggested for Chinese oil companies to seize the opportunity of low oil price, to focus on the circle-Africa and deep water frontiers, closely to track a number of high-quality oil & gas assets which are planned to be stripped by super-majors and small and medium-sized companies which have high-quality reserves, to innovate the M&A methods, and finally to acquire several assets which have high-quality reserves or good exploration potential.Keywords: oil company; low oil price; oil &gas assets ；merger and acquisition; run-rate synergy; circle-Africa; deep water frontier2020年新冠肺炎疫情蔓延导致的全球经济衰退和史上首次出现的负油价这两只“黑天鹅”，预示着百年未有之大变局的来临。

全球深层油气藏及其分布规律白国平;曹斌风【摘要】Exploration for deep petroleum accumulations ( DPAs) is of great significance to reserve growth and production stabilization of established petroleum provinces (fields).With an update database for the worldwide DPAs ,this study at-tempts to document their distribution characteristics .Among the 349 petroliferous basins in the world( excluding US Lower 48 States) ,87 basins have discovered DPAs .Clastic rocks and carbonates host 63.3% and 35.0% of the total proved plus probable(2P)deep petroleum reserves in the world ,respectively.The remaining 1.7%are in igneous and metamor-phic rocks .In terms of trap type ,73.7%of the total are entrapped in structural traps .Passive margin and foreland basins contain the bulk of the total 2 P deep petroleum reserves ,with the former accounting for 47.7%of the total and the latter 46.4%.Stratigraphically,the 2P deep petroleum reserves are largely stored in five reservoir intervals:the Paleogene(hos-ting 22.3%of the total),Upper Paleozoic(22.2%),Cretaceous(18.3%),Neogene(12.8%) and Jurassic(12.8%). Such a stratigraphic distribution is similar to that of shallow-intermediate reservoirs .As salts have a cooling effect for the subsalt sediments ,the maturation of sub-salt source rocks or the conversion of trapped oil to gas can be retarded or de-layed .Salt-bearing deep basins deserve special attention for deep petroleum exploration .This study suggests that deep pe-troleum exploration should target the play fairways where majordiscoveries have been made in the shallow -intermediatereservoirs,particularly those fairways with salts of certain scale .%深层油气勘探对老油气区（田）扩大储量、稳定产量具有重要意义。