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计算机专业英语 Chapter4

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unit4 计算机专业英语

unit4 计算机专业英语

Notes
[5]Routing tables are the means by which a router selects the fastest or nearest path to the next “hop” on the way to a data packet’s final destination. 本句中， by which a router selects the fastest or nearest path to the next “hop” on the way to a data packet’s final destination 是一个介词前置的定语从句，修饰和限定the means。on the way to“在……途中”。
学生课下活动设计
阅读Unit4的Reading。完成作业
作业： 我的梦想是成为一家电脑公司的销售经理。 老师告诉同学们别触摸电脑屏幕。 他停下来喝了杯茶。 他努力学习为了通过期末考试。 学校是孩子们学习的好地方。 这些学生经常帮助老师打扫实验室。 昨天我忘了邮信了。 他足够大了可以自己做决定。
教学参考资料推荐
Notes
[3] The MAU does actively regenerate signals as it transmits data around the ring. 本句中，does起强调作用。 [4]Routers contain internal tables of information called routing tables that keep track of all known network addresses and possible paths throughout the internetwork,along with cost of reaching each network. 本句中，called routing tables是过去分词短语，做定语，修饰 和限定internal tables of information。that keep track of all known network addresses and possible paths throughout the internetwork,along with cost of reaching each network是一 个定语从句，修饰和限定routing tables。keep track of是“ 跟踪”。

计算机专业英语Unit 4 Programming Language

计算机专业英语Unit 4 Programming Language
❖ 程序语言的类别很多，在发展的历程上也经历了机器语言、 汇编语言和高级语言等若干阶段。
Computer English
New words and useful expressions
generation /dʒenə'reiʃn / syntax / 'sintæ ks / primitive / 'prɪmɪtɪv / symbolic / sɪm'bɑlɪk / neural / 'njurəl / imitate / 'ɪmɪteɪt / switch/ swɪtʃ / instruction/ ɪn'strʌkʃn /
Contents
Logo
1 Five Generation of Languages 2 Programming Languages Level 3 Programming Paradigms 4 Procedural Oriented Programming
5 Object Oriented Programming
❖Typically used to access databases. For example, SQL and ColdFusion.
Logo
Fifth generation languages (5GL)
❖Designed to make the computer solve a given problem without the programmer.
Logo
Fourth generation languages (4GL)
❖The syntax used in 4GL is very close to human language, an improvement from the previous generation of languages.

计算机专业英语Unit04-Programming and Simulation

计算机专业英语Unit04-Programming and Simulation
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Computer Program-Program Development At this point, a special applications program translates the source code into machine language, or object code —a format that the operating system will recognize as a proper program and be able to execute.
I. 引言 计算机程序是指挥计算机执行某种处理功能或功能 组合的一套指令。要使指令得到执行，计算机必须执行程序， 也就是说，计算机要读取程序，然后按准确的顺序实施程序中 编码的步骤，直至程序结束.
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Computer Program-Introduction
A program can be executed many different times, with each execution yielding a potentially different result depending upon the options and data that the user gives the computer.Yield: vt. 生产，释放，让步
编译程序将使用FORTRAN、C和Pascal等高级编程语言编写的 文本文件一次性从源代码翻译成目标代码。这不同于BASIC等 解释执行的语言所采取的方式，在解释执行的语言中程序是随 着每条指令的执行而逐个语句地翻译成目标代码的。
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Computer Program-Program Development
在这个时候，一种专门的应用程序将源代码翻译成机器 语言或目标代码——操作系统将认作真正程序并能够执 行的一种格式。

计算机专业英语 Chapter4

计算机专业英语 Chapter4
1. The properties of Stack, Queue, and Linked lists 2. 掌握常用英汉互译技巧
3
4.1 Stacks and queues
New Words & Expressions:
stack n. 栈，堆栈 attribute n. 属性，性质 overflow n. 上溢
栈和队列都是动态的集合，其中的元素由预先定义的删除操作可将其去 除。在栈中，最近被插入的元素最先被删除，即栈是按后进先出(LIFO) 的原则进行的；类似的，在队列里，被删除的元素是最早进入队列的， 即队列是以先进先出(FIFO)的原则进行的。在计算机上，对于栈和队列 有几种有效的实现方法，这一节我们给出如何用简单的数组来实现它们。
6
4.1 Stacks and queues
4.1.2 Queues
We call the INSERT operation on a queue ENQUEUE, and we call the DELETE operation DEQUEUE; like the stack operation POP, DEQUEUE takes no element argument. The FIFO property of a queue causes it to operate like a line of people in the registrar's office. The queue has a head and a tail. When an element is enqueued, it takes its place at the tail of the queue, just as a newly arriving student takes a place at the end of the line. The element dequeued is always the one at the head of the queue, like the student at the head of the line who has waited the longest. (Fortunately, we don't have to worry about computational elements cutting into line.)

计算机专业英语（课后题）

计算机专业英语（课后题）

计算机专业英语（课后题）第四章课后习题Circle the correct answer:1.These specialized graphics programs combine text and graphics to create publications of professional quality:A.desktop publishing programs c.image galleriesB.image editors d.illustration programs2.Also known as drawing programs.a.desktop publishing programs c.image galleriesb.image editors d.illustrarion programs3.Graphics programs used to ctreate and edit vector images.a.desktop publishing programs c.image galleriesb.image editors d.illustrarion programs4.An essential multimedia feature that allowa user participationa.Flash c.immersionb.interactivity d.raster5.Special programs used to create multimedia presentations.a.desktop publishing programs c.immersionb.interactivity d.multimedia authoring programs6.A widly used interactive animation application from Adobe.a.ACTION c.Fuzzyb.Flash d.WYSIWYG7.Programs for Web site design and HTML coding are called Web page editors ora.apps c.VR programsb.HTML editors d.Web editors8.This area of artificial intelligence is also known as expert systems.a.acoustics c.roboticsb.knowledge-bassed systems. D.virtual reality9.A type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to provide assistance to users.a.acoustics c.roboticsb.expert systems d.virtual reality10.Another name for the database used in expert sysrems that contains specific facts and rules.a.access table c.knowledge baseb.expert table d.rule baseMatch each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item.Write your answers in the spaces provided.a.audio editing e 1.Specialized graphics programs for editing or modifying digital imagesb.bitmap images b 2.Another name for raster images.c.blog g 3.Raster images contain thousands of dots known as .d.button a 4.Type of software used to create and edit audio clips.e.image editors d 5.A link on amultimedia page used to locate and discover information.f.mobile c 6.Personal Web site created by an individualg.pixels j 7.The process of creating a Web site.h.virtual reality h 8.Also known as artificial reality or virtual environments.I.robots i /doc/ed1120702.html,puter-controlled machines that mimichuman activitiesj.Web authoring f 10.The type of app designed for smartphones,netbooks,and tablets.Circle the correct answer:1.What type of software works with users,applicationsoftware,and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details?a.application c.Linuxb.desktop d.system2.The programs that convert programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process are language:a.converters c.managersb.linguists d.translators3.The ability to switch between different applications stored in memory is called :a.diversion c.operational interferenceb.multitasking d.programming4.Graphic representations for a program,type of file,or function:a.app c.imageb.icon d.software5.This operating system feature is controlled by a mouse and changes shape depending on its current functiona.dialog box c.mouseb.menu d.pointer6.The operating system based on Linux,designed for Netbook computers,and focused on Inernet connectivity through cloud computing:a.Chrome c. UNIXb.Mac d.Windows7.The mobile operating system develop by Apple and originally called iPhone OS :a.Android c.IOSb.BlackBerry OS d.Mac OS8.A utility program that makes copies of files to be used in case the originals are lost or damaged:a.Backup and Restore c.Disk Defragmenterb.Disk Cleanup /doc/ed1120702.html,pactor9.A troubleshooting utility that identifiles and eliminates nonessential files,frees up valuable disk space ,and improves system performance:a.Backup and Restore c.Disk Defragmenterb.Disk Cleanup /doc/ed1120702.html,pactor10.Windows makes it easy to update drivers with Windows:a.Backup c.Driverb.Restore d. UpdateMatch each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item. Write your answers in the spaces provided.a.antivirus h 1.Programs that perform specific tasks related to managing computer resourcesb.Boot Camp j 2.Restarting a running computer without turning off the powerc.driver e 3.Type of operating system that controls and coordinates networked computers.d.fragmented f 4.An operating system is often referred to as the software environment ore.NOS b 5.Allows Macintosh computers toren both Mac OS and the Windows operating system.f.platform i 6.A type of software that allows a single physical computer to operate as though it were two or more separate and independent computers.g.Anddroid g 7.Mobile operating system that is owned byGoogle and is one of the fastest-growing mobile operating systems.h.utilities a 8.Type of program that guards computer systems fromviruses and other damaging programs.I. virtualization d 9.If a file cannot be saved on a single track ,it has to bej.warm boot c 10.Program that works with the operating system to allow communication between a device and the rest of a computer system is called a device第六章选择题1. this container houses most of the electrical components for a computer system.a. carrier package c. system unitb. system board d. TV tuner2. similar to notebooks, this system unit specializes in on-the-go Web browsing and e-mail access.a. chassis c. media centerb. desktop d. netbook3. computers can only recognize this type of electronic signal.a. analog c. digitalb. bus d. maximum4. the main or motherboard is also known as the:a. computer c. mobile systemb. board processor d. system board5. how many bytes can a 32-bit-wrd computer access at a time?a. 1 c. 8b. 4 d. 166. in a microcomputer system , the central processing unit iscontained on a single:a. bus c. moduleb. chip d. RAM7. this type of memory divides large programs into parts and stores the parts on a secondary storage device.a. direct c. random-accessb. expanded d. virtual8. also known as NIC, this adapter card is used to connect a computer to a :a. AIA c. graphicsb. expansion d. network9. this provides a pathway to connect parts of the CPU to each other:a. bus c. wiredb. Plug and Play d. wireless10. older ports that have largely been replaced by faster, more flexible ports are called:a. buses c. legacyb. expandable d. rednered匹配题1. The category of system units that blurs the line between desktop computers and dedicated entertainment devices. Media center2. The newer type of tablet PC that is almost all monitor. slate3. System board component that provides a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards. slots4. Plastic cards the size of a regular credit card that have an embedded specialty chip. Smart cards5. A type of memory that improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory andthe CPU. cache6. A type of memory that provides a combination of features of RAM and ROM. Flash7. A generic term that is associated with the ability to attach any device onto a computer and have it play or work immediately. Plug and Play8. This bus connects the CPU to memory on the system board. system9. This port can be used to connect many USB devices to the system. USB10. This unit plugs into s standard wall outlet and converts AC to DC. Power supply第七章选择题1. Most keyboards use an arrangement of keys known as:a. Alpha c. OptiKeyb. Daisy d. QWERTY2. The device that controls a pointer displayed on the monitor.a. cord c. printerb. mouse d. scanner3. Also known as a roller ball, this device controls the pointer by rotating a ball with your thumb.a. trackball c. cordless mouseb. joystick d. stylus4. The type of screen that can be touched with more than one finger and supports zooming in and out by pinching and stretching your fingers.a. digital c. multitouchb. dynamic d. OLED5. Flatbed and document are types of:a. headsets c. monitorsb. HDTVs d. scanners6. Device used by banks to automatically read those unusual numbers on the bottom of checks and deposit slips.a. MICR c. OMRb. FDIC d. UPC7. The most widely used audio-input device.a. mouse c. microphoneb. VR d. TFT8. The monitor feature that specifies how often a displayed image is updated.a. aspect ratio c. refresh rateb. dot pitch d. resolution rate9. Handheld, book-sized devices that display text and graphicsa. e-book-readers c. lasersb. HDTV d. whiteboards10. This technology allows television stations to broadcast their programming directly to smartphones, computers, and digital media players.a. CRT c. LEDb. HDTV d. Mobile DTV匹配题1. Pressing this key turns this feature on or off. Caps lock2. This type of mouse has a ball on the bottom and is attached with a cord to the system unit. Mechanical3. A penlike device commonly use with tablet PCs and PDAs. stylus4. Bar code readers use either handheld wand readers orplatform. scanners5. Bar code system used by many electronic cash registers. UPC6. Records images digitally on a disk or in its memory. Digital camera7. The distance between each pixel. Dot pitch8. A type of monitor that activates each pixel independently. Active-matrix9. Special-purpose printers for creating maps, images, and architectural and engineering drawings. plotters10. A type of Internet telephone service that requires a small adapter that connects directly to your computer’s USB port. MagicJack。

计算机专业英语unit 4-2

计算机专业英语unit 4-2

Thank You!
Exercises
Find Information Task Ⅰ: 1. Broadband is the name given to any fast, permanent Internet connection. 2. It can be delivered by cable, satellite, mobile phone and ADSL. 3. Your ISP will test and activate the line for you. 4. Yes, they are. 5. Mobile is the newest form of the broadband.
Some cable TV companies offer a cable internet connection via their existing wiring.
Passage-learning
Fibre-optics are tiny wires that transmit pulses of light. Since light is the fastest thing in the universe, they're much faster than ADSL cables. This means you can get internet speeds up to five times faster than the fastest ADSL connections.
Unit four Computer network (2)
Contents
1. Lead-in activity 2. Passage learning
3. Exercises 4. Fun time

Unit 4-计算机专业英语(第2版)-邱晓红-清华大学出版社

Unit Four Software Engineering 软件过程Text A Software processes软件过程A software process is a set of activities that leads to the production of a software product.一个软件过程是一组引发软件产品生产的活动。

These activities may involve the development of software from scratch in a standard programming language like Java or C.这些活动刻画了软件使用像Java或C这样的标准编程语言从头开始的一步步的开发过程。

Increasingly, however,new software is developed by extending and modifying existing systems and by configuring and integrating off-the-shelf software or system components.然而，现在越来越多的软件是通过在旧软件基础上修改或通过配置和集成现成软件或系统组件而形成。

Software processes are complex and, like all intellectual and creative processes, rely on people making decisions and judgements.软件过程是复杂的，像所有智力过程一样，它依赖于人的判断。

Because of the need for judgement and creativity, attempts to automate software processes have met with limited success.因而需要判断和创造力，软件过程自动化的尝试只获得了有限的成功。

新编计算机英语教程chapter 04


Section B Secondary Storage
• • 1. What is secondary storage? Secondary storage, or storage in popular usage, differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU. Secondary storage does not loose the data when device is powered down—it is nonvolatile.
2. Primary storage devices
• RAM There are several types of RAM: DRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, etc.. • ROM Read-only memory (usually known by its acronym, ROM) is a class of storage media used in computers and other electronic devices. Because data stored in ROM cannot be modified (at least not very quickly or easily), it is mainly used to distribute firmware (software that is very closely tied to specific hardware, and unlikely to require frequent updates).
Section A. Primary Storage
1. What is primary storage?

计算机专业英语第4章


03
Hard disks and SSDs are internal storage devices that are installed inside the computer case, while optical disks and removable storage media are external storage devices that can be inserted into the computer
03
Data storage and processing
Data type
Primitive Data Types
These are the basic data types that are built into the programming language They include integer, floating point, character, boolean, etc
Computer Professional English Chapter 4
目录
• Fundamentals of Computer Hardware • Fundamentals of Computer Software • Data storage and processing • Network and Communication
03
Storage Devices
These are physical devices that are used for data storage They include hard drives, SSDs (Solid State Drivers), CD-ROM, USB drives, etc

计算机专业英语(2008影印版)课后习题答案(包括crossword_puzzle的句子翻译)

Computing Essentials 2008课后练习题答案详解Chapter 1: Information Technology, The Internet, and Y ouCrossword Puzzle Answers: (p22)Across1 、The most essential part of an information system. People信息系统最基本的部分。

人7 、Coordinates computer resources. Operating System协调计算机资源。

操作系统10 、Modifies signals for processing. Modem修改信号以便处理。

调制解调器12 、Data that has been processed by the computer. Information计算机处理过的数据。

信息13 、Unprocessed facts. Data没处理过的事实。

数据14 、Notebook computer that accepts handwritten input.. Tablet PC可以用手写输入的笔记本电脑。

平板电脑DownNum. Clue Answer2 、Uses computers to become more productive. End User使用电脑变得更有效率。

终端用户3 、Rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Procedures使用软件，硬件和数据时遵循的规则或指引。

指令说明书4 、Created by word processors. Document Files文字处理创建出来的。

文档文件5 、Specialized programs that allow input and output devices to communicate. Device Drivers 允许输入和输出设备通信的专业程序。

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Computer English
Chapter 4 Elementary Data Structures
Key points: useful terms and definitions of data structure Difficult points: Stack, queue, tree
Requirements:
我们称对队列进行的插入操作为入队 (ENQUEUE)，删除操作为出队 ， (DEQUEUE)；同栈中的出栈操作一样，出队操作不考虑其中的元素。队列的 ；同栈中的出栈操作一样，出队操作不考虑其中的元素。 先进先出原则就像排队等待注册的一行人群。队列有一个头部和一个尾部。 先进先出原则就像排队等待注册的一行人群。队列有一个头部和一个尾部。当 一个元素入队，它就成为队列的尾部，就像一个新来的学生成为队尾一样； 一个元素入队，它就成为队列的尾部，就像一个新来的学生成为队尾一样；出 队的元素总是队列头部的元素，像是站在队列最前的学生是排队最久的人一样。 队的元素总是队列头部的元素，像是站在队列最前的学生是排队最久的人一样。 (庆幸的是，对于计算机元素，我们不必担心插队的情况。) 庆幸的是， 庆幸的是 对于计算机元素，我们不必担心插队的情况。
Abbreviations:
LIFO（last in first out）后进先出 （ ） FIFO（fisrt in first out）先进先出 （ ）
4.1 Stacks and queues
Stacks and queues are dynamic sets in which the element removed from the set by the DELETE operation is prespecified. In a stack, the element deleted from the set is the one most recently inserted: the stack implements a last-in, first-out, or LIFO, policy. Similarly, in a queue, the element deleted is always the one that has been in the set for the longest time: the queue implements a first-in, first out, or FIFO, policy. There are several efficient ways to implement stacks and queues on a computer. In this section we show how to use a simple array to implement each. 栈和队列都是动态的集合， 栈和队列都是动态的集合，其中的元素由预先定义的删除操作可将其去 在栈中，最近被插入的元素最先被删除，即栈是按后进先出(LIFO) 除。在栈中，最近被插入的元素最先被删除，即栈是按后进先出 的原则进行的；类似的，在队列里，被删除的元素是最早进入队列的， 的原则进行的；类似的，在队列里，被删除的元素是最早进入队列的， 即队列是以先进先出(FIFO)的原则进行的。在计算机上，对于栈和队列 的原则进行的。 即队列是以先进先出 的原则进行的 在计算机上， 有几种有效的实现方法，这一节我们给出如何用简单的数组来实现它们。 有几种有效的实现方法，这一节我们给出如何用简单的数组来实现它们。
4.2 Linked lists
Fig.4-3 A doubly linked list
4.2 Linked lists
As shown in Fig.4-3, each element of a doubly linked list L is an object with a key field and two other pointer fields: next and prev. The object may also contain other satellite data. Given an element x in the list, next[x] points to its successor in the linked list, and prev[x] points to its predecessor. If prev[x] = NIL, the element x has no predecessor and is therefore the first element, or head, of the list. If next[x] = NIL, the element x has no successor and is therefore the last element, or tail, of the list. An attribute head[L] points to the first element of the list. If head[L] = NIL, the list is empty. 如图4-3所示，双向链表 中的每个元素都是一个实体 中的每个元素都是一个实体， 如图 所示，双向链表L中的每个元素都是一个实体，由一个数值域和两 所示 个指针域组成，其中两个指针分别是： 个指针域组成，其中两个指针分别是：next和prev，实体也可以包含子数 和 ， 给定表中一个元素x， 指出它在链表中的后继， 据。给定表中一个元素 ，next[x]指出它在链表中的后继，prev[x]指出它 指出它在链表中的后继 指出它 的前趋。 表示元素x没有前趋 是第一个元素， 的前趋。prev[x] = NIL表示元素 没有前趋，因此 是第一个元素，即队头 表示元素 没有前趋，因此x是第一个元素 元素；如果next[x] = NIL，表示 没有后继，也就是最后一个元素，队尾 没有后继， 元素；如果 ，表示x没有后继 也就是最后一个元素， 元素。指针head[L]指向队列中的第一个元素，如果 指向队列中的第一个元素， 元素。指针 指向队列中的第一个元素 如果head[L] = NIL表示队 表示队 列为空。 列为空。
4.2 Linked lists
A list may have one of several forms. It may be either singly linked or doubly linked, it may be sorted or not, and it may be circular or not. If a list is singly linked, we omit the prev pointer in each element. If a list is sorted, the linear order of the list corresponds to the linear order of keys stored in elements of the list; the minimum element is the head of the list, and the maximum element is the tail. If the list is unsorted, the elements can appear in any order. 一个链表可以是下面几种形式之一：单向链表或双向链表，有序的或无 一个链表可以是下面几种形之一：单向链表或双向链表， 序的，循环的或非循环的。对于单向链表， 序的，循环的或非循环的。对于单向链表，我们就不必对每个元素使用 prev指针了。如果一个表是有序的，表的线序和表中存储的元素值的线 指针了。 指针了 如果一个表是有序的， 序是一致的， 最小值的元素是队列的头部元素， 序是一致的，即：最小值的元素是队列的头部元素，最大值的元素是队 尾元素。如果一个表是无序的，其中的元素可以以任何顺序出现。 尾元素。如果一个表是无序的，其中的元素可以以任何顺序出现。
4.1 Stacks and queues
4.1.2 Queues We call the INSERT operation on a queue ENQUEUE, and we call the DELETE operation DEQUEUE; like the stack operation POP, DEQUEUE takes no element argument. The FIFO property of a queue causes it to operate like a line of people in the registrar's office. The queue has a head and a tail. When an element is enqueued, it takes its place at the tail of the queue, just as a newly arriving student takes a place at the end of the line. The element dequeued is always the one at the head of the queue, like the student at the head of the line who has waited the longest. (Fortunately, we don't have to worry about computational elements cutting into line.)
4.2 Linked lists
A linked list is a data structure in which the objects are arranged in a linear order. Unlike an array, though, in which the linear order is determined by the array indices, the order in a linked list is determined by a pointer in each object. Linked lists provide a simple, flexible representation for dynamic sets. 链表这个数据结构中的对象都以线性顺序排列的， 链表这个数据结构中的对象都以线性顺序排列的，但不同 于数组的顺序是由数组下标确定， 于数组的顺序是由数组下标确定，链表的顺序是由每个对 象的指针确定。链表为动态集合提供了一个简单、 象的指针确定。链表为动态集合提供了一个简单、灵活的 表示形式。 表示形式。