罗宾斯《管理学》第九版题库-6

第一章管理与组织导论一、谁是管理者管理者是组织中这样的成员，他告诉别人该做什么以及怎么样去做。

管理者（manager）是这样的人，他们通过协调和监督其他人的活动达到组织目的。

管理者通常分为基层管理者、中层管理者和高层管理者。

二、什么是管理管理（management）通过协调和监督他人的活动，有效果和有效率地完成工作。

效率（efficiency）是指以尽可能少的投入获得尽可能多的产出。

效果通常指的是“正确地做事”，即不浪费资源。

,效果（effectiveness）通常指“做正确的事”，即所从事的工作和活动有助于组织达到其目标。

在成功的组织中高效率和高效果是相辅相成的。

三、管理者做什么1、管理职能（亨利.法尔约）。

2、管理角色（亨利.明茨伯格）。

3、管理技能（罗伯特.卡茨）。

技术技能：熟练完成特定工作所需要的特定领域的知识和技术。

人际技能：包括与单独的个人或群体中的其他成员和睦相处的能力。

概念技能：管理者对抽象、复杂情况进行思考和概念化的技能。

四、什么是组织组织（organization）是对人员的一种精心安排，以实现某些特定的目的。

\组织的三个特征：明确的目的、人员、精细的结构。

现在的组织更倾向于依靠灵活的工作安排、雇员工作团队、开放的沟通系统和供应商联盟。

第二章管理的昨天和今天一、！二、管理的历史背景两个重大事件：1776年，亚当.斯密发表《国富论》主张组织和社会将从劳动分工或工作专业化中获得经济利益。

工业革命，机械力代替了人力。

三、科学管理（1911年泰罗发表《科学管理原理》）四、一般行政管理理论（亨利.法尔约）五、;六、权变理论权变理论强调这样一个事实，因为组织不同，面对的情境不同，所以可能要求不同的管理方式。

七、当前的趋势和问题全球化、道德、劳动力多元化、创业精神（对机会的追求、创新、增长）、在电子领域中进行管理、知识管理和学习型组织、质量管理（TQM）质量管理受到不断改进和响应顾客需求与期望的驱动。

罗宾斯《管理学》第九版题库-6Chapter 6 –Decision-Making: The Essence of the Manager’s JobTrue/False Questions4. The first step in the decision-making process is identifyinga problem.True (easy)6. It is possible at the end of the decision-making process that you may be required to start the decisionprocess over again.True (easy)10. Decision-making is synonymous with managing.True (easy)12. One assumption of rationality is that we cannot know all of the alternatives.False (difficult)13. Accepting solutions that are "good enough" is termed satisfying.False (easy)15. Managers regularly use their intuition in decision-making.True (easy)16. Rational analysis and intuitive decision-making are complementary.True (moderate)18. Programmed decisions tend to be repetitive and routine.True (easy)21. Most managerial decisions in the real world are fully nonprogrammed.False (easy)24. Risk is a situation in which a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probability estimates.False (difficult)25. An optimistic manager will follow a maximin approach.False (moderate)Multiple ChoiceTHE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS34. A series of eight steps that begins with identifying a problem and decision criteria and allocating weights to those criteria; moves to developing, analyzing, and selecting an alternative that can resolve the problem;implements the alternative; and concludes with evaluating the decision's effectiveness is the ______________.a. decision-making process. (easy)b. managerial process.c. maximin style.d. bounded rationality approach.e. legalistic opportunism process.36. "A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs" describes which of the steps in thedecision-making process?a. criteria weight allocationb. analysis of alternativesc. problem identification (difficult)d. decision effectiveness evaluatione. decision criteria identification38. Which of the following must be present in order to initiate the decision-making process?a. plenty of timeb. pressure to act (moderate)c. a lack of authorityd. a lack of resourcese. environmental certainty39. Managers aren't likely to characterize something as a problem if they perceive ______________.a. they don't have authority to act. (difficult)b. pressure to act.c. a discrepancy.d. they have sufficient resources.e. they have budgetary authority.44. Selecting an alternative in the decision-making process is accomplished by ______________.a. choosing the alternative with the highest score. (easy)b. choosing the one you like best.c. selecting the alternative that has the lowest price.d. selecting the alternative that is the most reliable.e. choosing the alternative you think your boss would prefer.47. Which of the following is the final step in the decision-making process?a. identifying the problemb. evaluating the decision's effectiveness (easy)c. identifying decision criteriad. selecting an alternative that can resolve the probleme. allocating weights to alternatives.48.Which of the following is important to remember in evaluating the effectiveness of the decision-makingprocess?a. Ignore criticism concerning the decision-making.b. You may have to start the whole decision process over.(difficult)c. Restart the decision-making process if the decision is less than 50% effective.d. 90% of problems with decision-making occur in the implementation step.e. Keep track of problems with the chosen alternative, but only change those issues that uppermanagement demand.49. Decision-making is synonymous with ______________.a. managing. (easy)b. leading.c. controlling.d. planning.e. organizing.51. Which of the following is not an "organizing" decision?a. What are the organization's long-term objectives? (moderate)b. How many employees should I have report directly to me?c. How should jobs be designed?d. How much centralization should there be in the organization?e. When should the organization implement a different structure?52. Which of the following is not a "leading" decision?a. How do I handle employees who appear to be low in motivation?b. What is the most effective leadership style in a given situation?c. How will a specific change affect worker productivity?d. When is the right time to stimulate conflict?e. How should jobs be designed? (moderate)53. Which of the following is not a "controlling" decision?a. What activities in the organization need to be controlled?b. How should those activities be controlled?c. When is a performance deviation significant?d. When is the right time to stimulate conflict? (moderate)e. What type of management information system should the organization have?54. Managers are assumed to be ______________; they make consistent, value-maximizing choices withinspecified constraints.a. rational (easy)b. leadersc. organizedd. satisficerse. programmed57. Which of the following is not a valid assumption about rationality?a. The problem is clear and unambiguous.b. A single well-defined goal is to be achieved.c. Preferences are clear.d. Preferences are constantly changing. (difficult)e. No time or cost constraints exist.58. In "bounded rationality," managers construct ______________ models that extract the essential features from problems.a. multipleb. bindingc. interactived. simplified (difficult)e. past59. According to the text, because managers can’t possibly analyze all information on all alternatives, managers______________, rather than ______________.a.maximize; satisficeb.maximize; minimizec.satisfice; minimized.satisfice; maximize (moderate)62. An increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong is referredto as _____________.a.economies of commitmentb.escalation of commitment (moderate)c.dimensional commitmentd.expansion of commitment64. According to the text, all of the following are aspects of intuition EXCEPT:a.experienced-based decisionsb.affect-initiated decisionsc.cognitive-based decisionsd.values or ethics-based decisionse.programmed decisions (easy)65.According to the text, _____________ are straightforward, familiar, and easily defined problems.a.poorly-structured problemsb.well-structured problems (moderate)c.unique problemsd.non-programmed problemse.programmed problems68. ______________ decision-making is relatively simple andtends to rely heavily on previous solutions.a. Nonprogrammedb. Linearc. Satisficingd. Integrativee. Programmed (moderate)70. A ______________ is a series of interrelated sequential steps that a manager can use for responding to astructured problem.a. procedure (easy)b. rulec. policyd. systeme. solution71. A ______________ is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she ought or ought not to do.a. procedureb. policyc. rule (moderate)d. solutione. system72. A ______________ provides guidelines to channel a manager's thinking in a specific direction.a. systemb. rulec. solutiond. policy (moderate)e. procedure75. A business school's statement that it "strives for productive relationships with local organizations," is anexample of a ______________.a. rule.b. policy. (moderate)c. procedure.d. commitment.e. contract.78. Which of the following terms is associated with nonprogrammed decisions?a. unique (moderate)b. recurringc. routined. repetitivee. well-defined79. Lower-level managers typically confront what type of decision-making?a. uniqueb. nonroutinec. programmed (moderate)d. nonprogrammede. nonrepetitive83. If an individual knows the price of three similar cars at different dealerships, he/she is operating under what type of decision-making condition?a. riskb. uncertaintyc. certainty (easy)d. factuale. unprogrammed84. ______________ is those conditions in which the decision maker is able to estimate the likelihood ofcertain outcomes.a. Certaintyb. Risk (easy)c. Uncertaintyd. Maximaxe. Maximin85. A retail clothing store manager who estimates how much to order for the current spring season based on lastspring's outcomes is operating under what kind of decision-making condition?a. seasonalb. risk (difficult)c. uncertaintyd. certaintye. cyclical86. ______________ is a situation in which a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probabilityestimates available.a. Certaintyb. Riskc. Uncertainty (easy)d. Maximaxe. Maximin87. A person at a horse racetrack who bets all of his/her money on the odds-based longshot to "win" (ratherthan "place" or "show") is making what kind of choice?a. maximax (moderate)b. maximinc. minimaxd. minimin89. An individual making a "maximin" type of choice has what type of psychological orientation concerninguncertain decision-making?a. optimistb. realistc. pessimist (moderate)d. satisficere. extremist91. According to the text, a manager who desires to minimize his or her maximim “regret” will opt for a______________ choice.a. maximaxb. maximinc. minimax (moderate)d. minimin93. Which of the following decision-making styles have low tolerance for ambiguity and are rational in theirway of thinking?a.directive (moderate)b.egotisticalc.analyticd.conceptuale.behavioral95. The decision-making style that makes fast decisions and focuses on the short terms is referred to as the______________ style.a.directive (moderate)b.egotisticalc.analyticd.conceptuale.behavioral98. According to the text, ______________ are best characterized as careful decision makers with the ability to adapt or cope with unique situations.a. conceptualb. behavioralc. empiricald. analytic (moderate)e. spatial99. Which of the following is the decision-making style that would most likely look at as many alternatives aspossible and focus on the long run?a. analyticalb. directivec. conceptual (moderate)d. behaviorale. spatial101. A manager who would decide what computer system to purchase for the department by holding a meeting and receiving feedback from his/her subordinates matches with which type of decision-making style?a. analyticalb. behavioral (difficult)c. conceptuald. directivee. empiricalScenariosDecision-Making Conditions (Scenario)Sandy Jo is the manager for TrucksRUs, a medium-sized hauling service located in the Southeast. She is responsible forscheduling trucks, initiating new routes, and staffing both existing and new routes. She is currently struggling with existing information about the profitability of existing and future truck routes.116. Bubba, Sandy Jo's best driver tells her that he believes that he can estimate that there is a 75% probability that they can get the business of Pork Brothers Inc. if they initiate a truck route through rural North Carolina. Bubba is operating under a condition of ______________.a. certainty.b. risk. (difficult)c. uncertainty.d. maximax.e. maximin.117. Sandy Jo can make accurate decisions if she is willing to pay $5,000 for research about the profitability of various truck routes. If she pays for the research, she believes that she is operating under a condition of ______________.a. certainty. (difficult)b. risk.c. uncertainty.d. maximax.e. maximin.118. Sandy Jo knows that she is operating in an uncertain environment. She is basically an optimist, and we would, therefore, expect her to follow a ______________ strategy.a. certaintyb. riskc. uncertaintyd. maximax (moderate)e. maximin119. Sandy Jo knows that she is operating in an uncertain environment. She is basically a pessimist, and we would, therefore, expect her to follow a ______________ strategy.a. certaintyb. riskc. minimaxd. maximaxe. maximin (moderate)120. Sandy Jo wishes to minimize her regret and will probably opt for a ______________ strategy.a. certainty.b. risk.c. minimax (moderate)d. maximax.e. maximin.Essay QuestionsTHE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS121. In a short essay, list and discuss the eight steps in the decision-making process.Answera.Step 1: Identifying a problem– the decision-making process begins with t he existence of a problem ora discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs.However, a discrepancy withoutpressure to take action becomes a problem that can be postponed.b.Step 2: Identify decision criteria–once the manager has identified a problem that needs attention, thedecision criteria important to resolving the problem must beidentified. That is, managers must determine what’s relevant in making a decision.c.Step 3: Allocating weights to the criteria: at this step, the decision maker must weigh the items inorder to give them the correct priority in the decision. A simple approach is to give the most important criterion a weight of 10 and then assign weights to the rest against that standard.d.Step 4: Developing alternative s –the fourth step requires the decision maker to list the viablealternatives that could resolve the problem. No attempt is made in this step to evaluate the alternative, only to list them.e.Step 5: Analyzing alternative s – once the alternatives have been identified, the decision maker mustcritically analyze each one. From this comparison, the strengths and weaknesses of each alternative become evident.f.Step 6: Selecting an alternative–the sixth step is the important act of choosing the best alternative fromamong those considered. All the pertinent criteria in the decision have now been determined, weighted, and the alternatives have been identified and analyzed.g.Step 7: Implementing the alternativ e –implementation involves conveying the decision to thoseaffected by it and getting their commitment to it. If the people who must carry out a decision participate in the process, they’re more likely to enthusiastically support the outcome than if they are just told what to do.h.Step 8: Evaluating decision effectiveness –the last step in the decision-making process involvesappraising the outcome of the decision to see if the problem has been resolved. Did the alternative chose and implementedaccomplish the desired result? If not, the manager may consider returning to a previous step or may even consider starting the whole decision process over.(difficult)123. In a short essay, discuss the assumptions of rationality and the validity of those assumptions.AnswerA decision maker who was perfectly rational would be fully objective and logical. He or she wouldcarefully define a problem and would have a clear and specific goal. Moreover, making decisions using rationality would consistently lead toward selecting the alternative that maximizes the likelihood of achieving that goal. The assumptions of rationality apply to any decision. Rational managerial decision making assumes that decisions are made in the best economic interests of the organization. That is, the decision maker is assumed to be maximizing the organization’s interests, not his or her own interests.Managerial decision making can follow rational assumptions if the following conditions are met: The manager is faced with a simple problem in which the goals are clear and the alternatives limited, in which the time pressures are minimal and the cost of seeking out and evaluating alternatives is low, for which the organizational culture supports innovation and risk taking, and in which o utcomes are relatively concrete and measurable. However, most decisions that managers face in the real world d on’t meet all those tests.(moderate)126. In a short essay, discuss the difference between well-structured and poorly structured problems. Include specificexamples of each type of problem to support your answer. Next discuss the type of decisions that would be used to address each of these problems.Answera.Well-structured problems - the goal of the decision marker is clear, the problem is familiar, andinformation about the problem is easily defined and complete. Examples of these types of problems might include a customer’s wanting to return a purchase to a retail store, a supplier’s being late with an important delivery, a news team’s responding to an unexpected and fast-breaking event, or a college’s handling of a student wanting to drop a class. Such situations are called well-structured problems since they are straightforward, familiar, and easily defined problems. In handling these problem situations, the manager uses a programmed decision. Decisions are programmed to the extent that they are repetitive and routine a nd to the extent that a definite approach has been worked out for handling them.Because the problem is well structured, the manager doesn’t have to go to the trouble and expense of going through an involved decision progress. Programmed decision making is relatively simple and tends to rely heavily on previous solutions.b.Poorly-structured problems –these problems are new or unusual and for which information isambiguous or incomplete.For example, the selection of an architect to design a new corporate manufacturing facility in Bangkok is an example of a poorly-structured problem. When problems are poorly-structured, managers must rely on nonproprammed decision making in order to develop unique solutions.Nonprogrammed decisions are unique andnonrecurring. When a manager confronts a poorly-structured problem, or one that is unique, there is no cut-and-dried solution. It requires a custom-made response through nonprogrammed decision making.(difficult)130. In a short essay, list and discuss the four decision-making styles as described in the text.Answera.Directive style – people using the directive style have low tolerance for ambiguity and are rational intheir way of thinking. They’re efficient and logical. Directive types make fast decisions and focus on the short run. Their efficiency and speed in making decisions often result in their making decisions with minimal information and assessing few alternatives.b.Analytic style – decision-makers with an analytic style have much greater tolerance for ambiguity thando directive types. They want more information before making a decision and consider more alternatives than a directive style decision-maker does. Analytic decision-makers are best characterized as careful decision-makers with the ability to adapt or cope with unique situations.c.Conceptual style – individuals with a conceptual style tend to be very broad in their outlook and willlook at many alternatives. They focus on the long run and are very good at finding creative solutions to problems.d.Behavioral style –these decision markers work well with others. They’re concerned about theachievements of subordinates and are receptive to suggestions from others. They often use meetings tocommunicate, although they try to avoid conflict. Acceptance by others is important to this decision-making style.(moderate)。

管理学复习资料1．管理：通过协调和监督他人的活动，有效率和有效果地完成工作。

2．计划：包括定义组织的目标，制定全局战略以实现目标，以及开发一组广泛的相关计划以整合和协调组织的工作。

3．组织：组织是对人员的一种精心的安排，以实现某些特定的目的。

4．领导：是领导者所做的事情，更具体地说，它是一个影响群体实现目标的过程。

5．控制：控制就是对工作情况进行监督、对比并纠正的过程。

6．目标管理：一个组织成员共同确定组织目标并依据这些目标的达成与否来评估员工绩效的过程。

7．激励员工：激励也是人力资源的重要内容，是指激发人的行为的心理过程。

激励这个概念用于管理，是指激发员工的工作动机，也就是说用各种有效的方法去调动员工的积极性和创造性，使员工努力去完成组织的任务，实现组织的目标。

附区嘉颖对激励员工那一章的理解和总结：管理者在设计具有激励作用的工作时可以遵循什么方法？1、工作扩大化2、工作丰富化3、工作特征模型根据工作特征模型，任何工作都可以用以下五种核心纬度进行描述：1）技能多样性2）任务完整性3）任务重要性4）工作自主性5）工作反馈具体的指导原则：1）合并任务2）形成自然的工作单元3）建立客户关系4）纵向拓展工作5）开通反馈渠道管理者如何有效地激励当前劳动力的特殊群体？管理者必须做的是，了解包括多元化员工、专业人员、应急工以及低能、工资最低的员工在内的这些群体的动机要求。

管理者如何设计恰当的奖励制度？1、账目公开管理2、运用员工认可方案3、运用绩效工资方案4、运用股票期权方案P458当代动机观点包括哪些？（备用参考）三种需要理论、目标设置理论、强化理论、具有激励作用的工作设计、公平理论、期望理论。

8．职务设计：是将职务任务组合起来构成一项完整职务的过程，是对现有职务的认定、修改或产生新的职务。

9．组织文化：组织文化是组织成员共有的价值观、行为准则、传统习惯个做事的方式，它影响了组织成员的行为方式并影响他们如何看待、定义、分析、解决问题。

管理学第9版练习题附答案6Chapter 6 Decision Making: The Essence of the Managers Job TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONSTHE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS1. Problem identification is purely objective.2. The second step in the decision-making process is identifying a problem.3. A decision criterion defines what is relevant in a decision.4. The fourth step of the decision-making process requires the decision maker to list viable alternatives thatcould resolve the problem.5. Once the alternatives have been identified, a decision maker must analyze each one.6. The step in the decision-making process that involves choosing a best alternative is termed implementation. THE MANAGER AS DECISION MAKER7. Making decisions is with the essence of management.8. Managerial decision making is assumed to be rational.9. One assumption of rationality is that we cannot know all of the alternatives.10. Managers tend to operate under assumptions of bounded rationality.11. Studies of the events leading up to the Challenger space shuttle disaster point to an escalation ofcommitment by decision makers.12. Managers regularly use their intuition in decision making.13. Rational analysis and intuitive decision making are complementary.14. Programmed decisions tend to be repetitive and routine.15. Rules and policies are basically the same.16. A policy is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she ought or ought not to do.17. The solution to nonprogrammed decision making relies on procedures, rules, and policies.18. Most man agerial decisi ons in the real world are fully non programmed.19. The ideal situation for making decisions is low risk.20. Risk is the condition in which the decision maker is able to estimate the likelihood of certain outcomes.21. Risk is a situati on in which a decisi on maker has n either certa inty nor reas on able probability estimates.22. People who have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are rational in their way of thinking are said to have adirective style.23. Decision makers with an analytic style have a much lower tolerance for ambiguity than do directive types.24. Individuals with a conceptual style tend to be very broad in their outlook and will look at many alter natives.25. Behavioral-style decisi on makers work well with others.26. Most managers have characteristics of analytic decision makers.27. Accordi ng to the boxed feature, Managing Workforce Diversity, diverse employees tend todecisi ons faster tha n a homoge neous group of employees.28. The anchoring effect describes when decision makers fixate on initial information as a starting point and the n, once set, they fail to adequately adjust for subseque nt in formati on.29. The availability bias describes whe n decisi on makers tryto create meaning out of ran dom eve nts.30. The sunk cost error is when decision makers forget that current choices cannot correct the past.DECISION MAKING FOR T ODAY S WORLD31. Today s bus in ess world revolves around making decisi ons, usually with complete or adequate information,and under minimal time pressure.32. Managers need to understand cultural differences to make effective decisions in today -movingworld.33. Accordi ng to the boxed feature, Focus on Leadership, whe n ide ntify ing problems, man agers mightbe from a culture that is focused on problem solving, or their culture might be one of situation accepta nce. 34. According to the boxed feature, “ Focus on Leadership, ” findings from studies by Geert Hofstede and fromGLOBE researchers show that in high un certa inty avoida nee coun tries, decisi on maki ng tendsto be based more on in tuiti on tha n on formal an alysis.35. Highly reliable organizations (HROs) are easily tricked by their success.MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSFor each of the followi ng choose the an swer thartnost completelya nswers the questi on.THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS36. Decision making is typically described as _______________ , which is a view that is too simplistic.a. deciding what is correctb. putting preferences on paperc. choos ing among alter nativesd. processing information to completion37. A series of eight steps that beg ins with ide ntify ing a problem and con cludes with evaluat ing thedecision ' s effectivenesthe _________________ .a. decision-making processb. man agerial processc. maximin styled. boun ded rati on ality approach38. _______________ is the existenee of a discrepancy between an existing and a desired state ofaffairs.a. An opport unityb. A solutionc. A weaknessd. A problem39. In identifying the problem, a manager ________________ .a. compares the current state of affairs with where they would like to beb. expects problems to be defined by neon lightsc. looks for discrepancies that can be postponedd. will not act when there is pressure to make a decision40. Which of the followi ng stateme nts is true concerning problem ide ntificati on?a. Problems are gen erally obvious.b. A symptom and a problem are basically the same.c. Well-trai ned man agers gen erally agree on what is con sidered a problem.d. The problem must be such that it exerts some type of pressure on the manager to act.41. What is the second step in the decision-making process?a. identifying decision criteriab. allocating weights to the criteriac. an alyz ing alter nativesd. identifying a problem42. To determ ine the _____________ , a man ager must determ ine what is releva nt or importa nt toresol ving the problem.a. geocentric behavior neededb. nu mber of allowable alter nativesc. weighting of decision criteriad. decision criteria43. What is the third step in the decision-making process?a. allocating weights to the criteriab. an alyz ing the alter nativesc. select ing the best alter natived. impleme nting the alter native44. If all criteria in the decision making are equal, weighting the criteria ______________ .a. improves decision making when large numbers of criteria are invoIvedb. is not neededc. produces excellent decisionsd. improves the criteria45. In allocating weights to the decision criteria, which of the following is helpful to remember?a. All weights must be the same.b. The total of the weights should sum to 1.0.c. Every factor criterion considered, regardless of its importanee, must receive some weighting.d. Assign the most important criterion a score, and thenassign weights against that standard.46. What is the step where a decisi on maker wan ts to be creative in coming up with possible alter native?a. allocating weights to the criteriab. an alyz ing alter nativesc. develop ing alter nativesd. identifying decision criteria47. When an alyz ing alter natives, what becomes evide nt?a. the stre ngths and weak nesses of each alter nativeb. the weight ing of alter nativesc. the list of alter nativesd. the problem48. Whe n develop ing alter natives in the decisi on-mak ing process, what must a man ager do?a. list alter nativesb. evaluate alter nativesc. weight alter nativesd. impleme nt alter natives49. Selecti ng an alter native in the decisi on-mak ing process is accomplished by _______________a. choos ing the alter native with the highest scoreb. choosing the one you like bestc. selecti ng the alter native that has the lowest priced. selecti ng the alter native that is the most reliable50. In Step 6 of the decisi on-mak ing process, each alter native is evaluated by apprais ing it aga inst thea. subjective goals of the decision makerb. criteriac. assessed valuesd. implementation strategy51. _____________ in cludes conveying a decisi on to those affected and gett ing their commitme nt to it.a. Select ing an alter nativeb. Evaluating the decision effectivenessc. Impleme nting the alter nativesd. An alyz ing alter natives52. Which of the followi ng is importa nt in effectively impleme nting the chose n alter native in the decisi on-mak ing process?a. getting upper-management supportb. double-checking your analysis for potential errorsc. allowing those impacted by the outcome to participate in the processd. ignoring criticism concerning your chose n alter native53. The final step in the decision-making process is to _______________ .a. pick the criteria for the next decisionb. reevaluate the weightings of the criteria until they indicate the correct outcomec. evaluate the outcome of the decisiond. reassign the ratings on the criteria to find different outcomes54. Which of the following is important to remember in evaluating the effectivenessof the decisionmakingprocess?a. You should ignore criticism concerning the decision-making process.b. You may have to start the whole decision process over.c. You will have to restart the decision-making process if the decision is less than 50 percent effective.d. Ninety percent of problems with decision making occur in the implementation step.THE MANAGER AS DECISION MAKER55. Managers are assumed to be _____________ ; they make consistent, value-maximizing choiceswithin specified con strai nts.a. rationalb. leadersc. organizedd. satisficers56. It is assumed that a perfectly rational decision maker _____________ .a. does not follow rational assumptionsb. does not consider value maximizing as an objectivec. offers inconsistent decisionsd. would be objective and logical57. Managers can make rational decisions if _________________ .a. the problem is ambiguousb. the goals are unclearc. the alter natives are limitedd. time constraints exist58. Which of the followi ng is not_ a valid assumpti on about rati on ality?a. The problem is clear and unambiguous.b. A single, well-defined goal is to be achieved.c. Preferences are clear.d. Preferences are constantly changing.59. When man agers circumve nt the rati onal decisi on-mak ing model and find ways to satisfice, they arefollowi ng the con cept of _______________ .a. jurisprudeneeb. boun ded rati on alityc. least-squared exemptionsd. self-motivated decisions60. Because man agers can' tpossibly an a lyze all in formati on on all alter natives, man agers_____________ , rather tha n _____________ .a. maximize; satisficeb. maximize; minimizec. satisfice; minimized. satisfice; maximize61. The type of decisi on mak ing in which the soluti on is con sidered “ goods no ugh "is known asa. intuitionb. satisfyingc. maximizingd. satisficing62. Whe n a decisi on maker choosesa n alter native un der perfect rati on ality, she __________ herdecisi on, whereas un der boun ded rati on ality she chooses a ___________ decisi on.a. minimizes; satisficingb. satisfices; maximizingc. maximizes; satisficingd. maximizes; minimizing63. An in creased commitme nt to a previous decisi on despite evide nce that it may have bee n wrong isreferred to as ______________ .a. economies of commitmentb. escalation of commitmentc. dimensional commitmentd. expansion of commitment64. Intuitive decision making is ______________ .a. not utilized in organizationsb. a conscious process based on accumulated judgmentc. making decisions based on experience, feelings, and accumulated judgmentd. important in supporting escalation of commitment65. In studying intuitive decision making, researchers have found that _________________ .a. managers do not make decisions based on feelings or emotionsb. managers use data from their subconscious mind to help make their decisionsc. rati onal th inking always works better tha n in tuitived. accumulated experience does not support intuitive decisions66. All of the followi ng are aspects of in tuiti on except _______________ .a. experieneed-based decisionsb. affect-initiated decisionsc. cognitive-based decisionsd. programmed decisions67. ____________ are straightforward, familiar, and easily defi ned.a. Un structured problemsb. Structured problemsc. Unique problemsd. Non programmed problems68. Structured problems align well with which type ofdecision making?a. programmedb. satisficingc. intuitiond. gut feeling69. ____________ decision making is relatively simple and tends to rely heavily on previoussoluti ons.a. Non programmed。

罗宾斯.管理学第九版案例分析题管理学案例分析题案例分析题1某建筑公司，经过几十年的发展，已经成为当地知名的建筑龙头企业。

总结企业成功的经验，许多管理人员归结为天时、地利、人和，如国家经济的持续发展、与当地政府、银行的良好关系，几十年形成的固定客户和良好的信誉，良好的员工素质等等。

在2008年北京奥运景气鼓舞下，公司确立了打破地区界限，成为全国乃至世界知名建筑企业的远景和使命。

当企业树立这样的远景和使命并为之努力时，发现曾经作为优势的“天时、地利、人和”似乎不在。

例如，就在前不久，日本一家建筑企业在与公司谈判时，让公司在两天内给出一个项目的报价。

由于公司没有既懂建筑专业又精通日语的人员，没有能够及时报价，很遗憾地没有抓住公司项目。

请分析该公司的内外部环境，以及应采取的措施。

（1）天、地、人是对公司内外部环境的概括描述。

从案例中可以看出公司过去的成功来自天时、地利、人和，构成了公司的竞争优势。

当公司重新确立了“成为全国乃至世界的建筑企业”时，从案例中可以看出在政府、银行关系方面、在地理方面、在人员素质要求等方面，都发生了变化，所谓的天、地、人已经不再成为优势。

（2）因此公司要真正认清所处的内外部环境，确定公司的使命和愿景，并围绕天、地、人等制定相应措施。

具体措施应围绕培育公司的核心竞争力方面：具有建立电子商务网络和系统的技能；迅速把新产品投入市场的能力；更好的售后服务能力；生产制造高质量产品的技能；开发产品特性方面的创新能力；对市场变化作出快速反应；准确迅速满足顾客定单的系统；整和各种技术创造新产品的技能等方面。

案例分析题2某地方生产传统工艺品的企业，伴随着我国对外开放政策，逐渐发展壮大起来。

销售额和出口额近十年来平均增长15%以上。

员工也有原来的不足200人增加到了2000多人。

企业还是采用过去的类似直线型的组织结构，企业一把手王厂长既管销售，又管生产，是一个多面全能型的管理者。

最近企业发生了一些事情，让王厂长应接不暇。

罗宾斯.管理学第九版案例分析题管理学案例分析题案例分析题1某建筑公司，经过⼏⼗年的发展，已经成为当地知名的建筑龙头企业。

总结企业成功的经验，许多管理⼈员归结为天时、地利、⼈和，如国家经济的持续发展、与当地政府、银⾏的良好关系，⼏⼗年形成的固定客户和良好的信誉，良好的员⼯素质等等。

在2008年北京奥运景⽓⿎舞下，公司确⽴了打破地区界限，成为全国乃⾄世界知名建筑企业的远景和使命。

当企业树⽴这样的远景和使命并为之努⼒时，发现曾经作为优势的“天时、地利、⼈和”似乎不在。

例如，就在前不久，⽇本⼀家建筑企业在与公司谈判时，让公司在两天内给出⼀个项⽬的报价。

由于公司没有既懂建筑专业⼜精通⽇语的⼈员，没有能够及时报价，很遗憾地没有抓住公司项⽬。

请分析该公司的内外部环境，以及应采取的措施。

（1）天、地、⼈是对公司内外部环境的概括描述。

从案例中可以看出公司过去的成功来⾃天时、地利、⼈和，构成了公司的竞争优势。

当公司重新确⽴了“成为全国乃⾄世界的建筑企业”时，从案例中可以看出在政府、银⾏关系⽅⾯、在地理⽅⾯、在⼈员素质要求等⽅⾯，都发⽣了变化，所谓的天、地、⼈已经不再成为优势。

（2）因此公司要真正认清所处的内外部环境，确定公司的使命和愿景，并围绕天、地、⼈等制定相应措施。

具体措施应围绕培育公司的核⼼竞争⼒⽅⾯：具有建⽴电⼦商务⽹络和系统的技能；迅速把新产品投⼊市场的能⼒；更好的售后服务能⼒；⽣产制造⾼质量产品的技能；开发产品特性⽅⾯的创新能⼒；对市场变化作出快速反应；准确迅速满⾜顾客定单的系统；整和各种技术创造新产品的技能等⽅⾯。

案例分析题2某地⽅⽣产传统⼯艺品的企业，伴随着我国对外开放政策，逐渐发展壮⼤起来。

销售额和出⼝额近⼗年来平均增长15%以上。

员⼯也有原来的不⾜200⼈增加到了2000多⼈。

企业还是采⽤过去的类似直线型的组织结构，企业⼀把⼿王⼚长既管销售，⼜管⽣产，是⼀个多⾯全能型的管理者。

最近企业发⽣了⼀些事情，让王⼚长应接不暇。

Chapter 4 Managing in a Global EnvironmentWHAT’S YOUR GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE?1.In a global marketplace ____________.a.the entire world is a marketplaceb.national borders are irrelevantc.the potential for organizations to grow expands dramaticallyd.all of the above(d; moderate; p. 90; AACSB: Globalizations)2.To succeed in a global marketplace, managers must _____________.a.constantly develop new strategies to maintain their parochial viewsb.expect competitors to suddenly appear at any time from any placec.implement only the best practices of their home countriesd.downplay the effect of the values and customs of other cultures(b; difficult; p. 90; AACSB: Globalizations)3.One reason for parochialism in the United States is that Americans tend to study_____________ in school.a.only Englishb.only two languagesc.English and Frenchd.English and Spanish(a; easy; p. 91; AACSB: Globalizations)4.Which of the following describes the current state of the world use of languages?a.Germans and Italians, unlike other Europeans, only speak their native language.b.Americans tend to study many other languages in school.c.More than 75 percent of all primary school children in China now learn English.d.Americans tend to think of English as the only international business language.(d; moderate; p. 91; AACSB: Globalizations)5.Ethnocentric views concentrate on their _____________.a.home countryb.host countryc.world orientationd.racial orientation(a; easy; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)6.Parochialism is ____________.a.acceptance of diverse points of viewb. a desire to leave one’s own culture for a foreign culturec. a tendency to view the world through a single perspectived.recognition of diverse religious beliefs(c; moderate; p. 91; AACSB: Globalizations)7.For U.S. businesses to have successful global management, which of the following statementsprovides the best advice?a.Americans should continue to push for the use of English only.b.Stick to your own customs to avoid embarrassing incidents.c.Make sure foreign businesspeople know you are American so they will speak to you inEnglish.d.Develop an understanding of multicultural differences.(d; moderate; p. 93; AACSB: Globalizations)8.Which of the following is the least favorable attitude for an American manager who wishes tobe successful in international business?a.multiculturalb.multicentricc.ethnocentricd.polycentric(c; easy; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)9.Managers with a(n) ___________ attitude view every foreign operation as different and hardto understand.a.geocentricb.polycentricc.ethnocentricd.transnational(b; moderate; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)10.Successful global management requires an attitude that is best described as _____________ .a.ethnocentricb.parochialc.polycentricd.geocentric(d; easy; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)11.A(n) __________ attitude is characterized by parochialism.a.geocentricb.acculturatedc.polylinguisticd.ethnocentric(d; moderate; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)12.A(n) _____________ attitude is the view that host-country managers know the best practicesfor running their operations.a.ethnocentricb.polycentricc.geocentricd.international(b; easy; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)13.The geocentric attitude is a _____________ view.a.nationalisticb.world-orientedc.culture-boundd.franchise-based(b; moderate; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)14.Successful _____________ management requires enhanced sensitivity to differences innational customs and practices.a.ethnocentricb.polycentricc.globald.parochial(c; moderate; p. 93; AACSB: Globalizations)UNDERSTANDING THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT15.The _____________ was created by the unification of 12 countries in Europe.a.European Common Marketb.European Unionc.Western European Allianced.Trans-European Market (TEM)(b; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)16.The principle reason for the formation of a regional trading alliance in Europe was to reassertmembers’ economic positions against the strength of the United States and _________.a.Canadab.Mexicoc.Japand.Russia(c; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)17.The European Union covers ______________.a.border controls, taxes, and subsidiesb.nationalistic policies and travelc.employment, investment, and traded.all of the above(d; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)18.The _____________ is a collection of countries that use a common currency.a.European Common Marketb.European Unionc.Western European Allianced.Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)(d; difficult; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)19.The single EU currency is called the ____________.a.francb.franc-markc.poundd.euro(d; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)20.The European Union currently consists of ___________.a.12 countriesb.15 countriesc.10 countriesd.25 countries(d; difficult; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)21.Which of the following countries is not a member of the European Union?a.Icelandb.Irelandc.Cyprusd.Slovenia(a; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)22._______ is expected to join the European Union in 2007.a.Hungaryb.Estoniac.Romaniad.Turkey(c; moderate; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)23.The executive body of the EU, based in Brussels, is known as the ________.a.Maastricht Officeb.FTAAc.Euro Protectorated.European Commission(a; moderate; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)24.Among the member countries of the North American Free Trade Agreement, trade has___________ since the treaty was signed.a.decreased initially, but increased steadilyb.increasedc.decreasedd.increased in commodities, but decreased in manufactured goods(b; moderate; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)25.The North American Free Trade Agreement includes _________________.a.Mexico, Canada, and the United Statesb.Canada, Mexico, and Brazilc.the United States, Canada, and Hondurasd.Columbia, Mexico, and the United Sates(a; easy; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)26.The North American Free Trade Agreement has resulted in which of the following?a.It increased imports from Mexico by 106 percent.b.It eliminated duties on imports from Venezuela.c.It increased exports to Canada by 62 percent.d.It increased trade with the European Union.(a; easy; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)27.Which of the following is currently under negotiation by thirty-four countries inthe Western Hemisphere?a.NAFTAb.FTAAc.Mercosurd.ASEAN(b; difficult; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)28.The North American Free Trade Agreement eliminated all of the following except________________.a.the need for import licensingb.tariffs on traded commoditiesc.customs user feesd.China’s role as a U.S. trading partner(a; moderate; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)29.The Association of Southeast Asian Nations includes ________________.a.the members of the European Union and Indiab.the members of NAFTA and CAFTAc. a membership of 10 Southeast Asian nationsd.none of the above(c; moderate; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)30.Each of the following is a member of ASEAN except ________________.a.Bruneib.Singaporeosd.Japan(d; moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)31.How many member nations belong to the African Union (AU)?a.46b.53c.62d.67(b; moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)32.Nepal belongs to which of the following regional trade alliances?a.EUb.SAARCc.AUd.ASEAN(b; moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)33.The World Trade Organization evolved from which of the following?a.GATTb.Mercosurc.UNIDIRd.Marshall Plan(a; moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)34.The World Trade Organization is centered around which of the following?a.public protestsb.economic sanctionsc.trade agreementsd.peace treaties(c; moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)35.The goal of the World Trade Organization is to ___C_____.a.help develop environmental policyb.help regulate international marketsc.help businesses conduct their businessd.help reduce conflicts between nationsc moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)DOING BUSINESS GLOBALLY36.International businesses have been around since about what date?a.the fifteenth centuryb.the seventeenth centuryc.the nineteenth centuryd.the twentieth century(c; difficult; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)37.Multinational corporations (MNCs) have only become commonplace since approximatelywhat date?a.mid-1960sb.mid-1970sc.1945d.mid-1980s(a; moderate; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)38.Multidomestic corporations are known for _______________.a.ethnocentric attitudesb.polycentric attitudesc.multicentric attitudesd.having their holdings in one country(b; moderate; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)39.Which of the following is an MNC that tailors marketing strategies to the host country’sunique characteristics?a.borderless organizationb.global companyc.multidomestic corporationd.transnational organization(c; moderate; pp. 97-98; AACSB: Globalizations)40.Multidomestic corporations _________________.a.maintain operations in multiple counties, but do not allow managers in eachcountry to make their own decisionsb.utilize ethnocentric attitudes in financial decisions, but favor polycentricviews in human resources issuesc.utilize decentralization to make decisions in management in local countriesd.follow the tastes, preferences, and values of the home country(c; moderate; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)41.When an organization drops its structure based on countries and reorganizes according toindustries, it is pursuing a global organizational operation known as ___________.a.ethnocentrismb.polycentrismc.borderless organizationd.multinational organization(c; moderate; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)42.Transnational organizations are also known as ________.a.ethnocentric organizationsb.polycentric organizationsc.borderless organizationsd.multidomestic organization(c; moderate; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)43.Transnational organizations are focused on _________________.a.increasing efficiencyb.developing INVsc.reinforcing structural divisionsd.all of the above(a; moderate; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)44.Which of the following types of business is global from its inception?a.international new ventureb.global companyc.born globald.joint economic market(c; difficult; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)45.Which of the following is a basic definition of a multinational corporation?a. a company that maintains operations in multiple countriesb. a company that maintains franchises in multiple countriesc. a company that has multiple home bases and manufacturing plantsd. a company that pays corporate taxes in at least two countries(a; difficult; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)46.Which of the following is the basic difference between multidomestic corporations and globalcompanies?a.Multidomestic corporations typically do business with more countries than globalcompanies do.b.Multidomestic corporations are run by global companies but must be owned by a local,national company.c.Multidomestic corporations decentralize management to the local country,while global companies centralize management in the home country.d.Multidomestic corporations pay more in taxes than global companies do.(c; difficult; pp. 97-98; AACSB: Globalizations)47.Which of the following is not a feature of a multidomestic corporation?a.Decision making takes place at the local level.b.Nationals are typically hired to run operations in each country.c.Marketing strategies are tailored to each country’s culture.d.Products are manufactured only in the local country.(d; easy; pp. 97-98; AACSB: Globalizations)48.Which of the following types of global organizations reflects the geocentric attitude?a.multidomestic corporationb.transnational organizationc.global companyd.regional organization(b; difficult; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)HOW ORGANIZATIONS GO GLOBAL49.Importing and exporting represent a more significant global investment than which of thefollowing?a.licensingb.franchisingc.global sourcingd.strategic alliance(c; easy; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)50.In an attempt to be more aggressive, a company might export and import more. These stepsusually require ____________.a.minimal investment and minimal riskb.conducting business in a polycentric mannerc.the establishment of strategic alliancesd.abnormal operations for a geocentric organization(a; easy; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)51.Franchising is primarily used by ________________.a.political organizationsb.manufacturing organizationsc.service organizationsd.legal organizations(c; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)52.In the later stages of doing business globally, if an organization is ready to make a more directinvestment, it might utilize ______________.a.foreign subsidiariesb.strategic alliancesc.joint venturesd.all of the above(d; moderate; pp. 99-100; AACSB: Globalizations)53.An international company is most likely to develop foreign subsidiaries _______________.a.before it develops licensing agreementsb.before it develops franchising agreementsc.before it begins importing and exportingd.after it establishes strategic alliances(d; moderate; p. 100; AACSB: Globalizations)54.The process of making products domestically and selling them abroad is known as ________.a.exportingb.importingc.franchisingd.joint ventures(a; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)55.Which of the following is usually found in the final stage of an organization’s globalevolution?a.exporting its products to other countriesb.cross-culturally training its managersc.establishing strategic alliances with partnersd.licensing another firm to use its brand name(c; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)56.Joint ventures are a type of ____________.a.licenseb.franchisec.foreign subsidiaryd.strategic alliance(d; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)57.Foreign subsidiaries are usually managed ______________.a.through local control onlyb.through centralized control onlyc.through local or centralized controld.none of the above(c; easy; p. 100; AACSB: Globalizations)58.A domestic firm and a foreign firm sharing the cost of developing new products orbuilding production facilities in a foreign country is called a ____________.a.franchising agreementb.joint venturec.foreign subsidiaryd.brokering agreement(b; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)59.Which of the following would most likely occur last in an organization’s global evolution?a.cross-cultural training of the company’s managersb.sending domestic employees on regular foreign business tripsc.hiring foreign brokers to represen t the organization’s product lined.creating a joint venture with suppliers around the globe(d; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)60._____________ present(s) the greatest risk to an organization going international.a.Joint venturesb.Strategic alliancesc.Licensingd.Foreign subsidiaries(d; difficult; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT61.Which of the following is not considered to be one of the three major areas of significantchallenge for an American manager working in a foreign country?a.legal environmentb.economic environmentc.cultural environmentd.religious environment(d; difficult; pp. 101-103; AACSB: Globalizations)62.From an economic standpoint, a threat to the global manager is _________________.a.widely fluctuating inflation rates in foreign countriesb.marginal revenues exceeding marginal costsc. a stable exchange rate between currencies in various countriesd.all of the above(a; moderate; p. 102; AACSB: Globalizations)pared to many other countries, the U.S. legal–political environment is considered____________.a.radicalb.stablec.unstabled.fixed(b; moderate; p. 101; AACSB: Globalizations)pared to many other countries, changes to the U.S. legal–political environment areconsidered ___________.a.very fast and effectiveb.fast, but not efficientc.radicald.slow(d; moderate; p. 101; AACSB: Globalizations)65.The reason that a nation’s cultural differences are the most difficult to gain information aboutis because __________________.a.people tend to be sensitive about their own cultureb.providing this information to foreign organizations reduces a competitive businessadvantagec.there is little written on the issued.“natives” are least capable of explaining the unique characteristics of theirown culture(d; difficult; p. 104; AACSB: Globalizations)66.Which of the following developed a valuable framework to help managers better understanddifferences between national cultures?ton Friedmanb.Michael Porterc.Geert Hofsteded.Abraham Maslow(c; moderate; p. 104; AACSB: Globalizations)67._____________ is a cultural dimension in which people expect others in their group to lookafter them and protect them when they are in trouble.a.Power distanceb.Collectivismc.Achievementd.Uncertainty avoidance(b; easy; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)68.Which of the following would you find in a country with a high power distance?a.Society accepts narrow differences in organizations.b.Title carries little power, but status power is high.c.There is little respect for those in authority.d.Titles, rank, and status carry a lot of weight.(d; moderate; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)69.The GLOBE framework assesses how many cultural dimensions?a.fiveb.sixc.nined.twelve(c; moderate; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)70._____________ is a cultural measure of the degree to which people will tolerate risk andunconventional behavior.a.Power distanceb.Uncertainty avoidancec.Achievementd.Nurturing(b; easy; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)anizations in which of the following cultures are likely to have formal rules and littletolerance for unusual ideas and behaviors?a.high power distanceb.low power distancec.high uncertainty avoidanced.low uncertainty avoidance(c; easy; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)72.In a society with a highly ______________ culture, strong value is placed on relationshipsand concern for others.a.collectivistb.achievement-orientedc.nurturingd.uncertainty avoidant(c; moderate; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)73._____________ is a national culture attribute describing the extent to which societal valuesare characterized by assertiveness and materialism.a.Power distanceb.Uncertainty avoidancec.Achievement orientationd.Long-term orientation(c; moderate; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)74._____________ is a national culture attribute that places a high value on future occurrences.a.Power distanceb.Uncertainty avoidancec.Long-term orientationd.Leisure orientation(c; moderate; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)75.Which of the following are most alike in terms of individualism, power distance, anduncertainty avoidance?a.Singapore and Swedenb.Australia and Englandc.France and Greeced.United States and V enezuela(b; easy; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)76.Which of the following scores the highest in terms of power distance?a.Greeceb.Swedenc.Canadad.England(a; easy; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)77.Which of the following dimension from the GLOBE framework has no equivalent inHofstede’s framework?a.future orientationb.humane orientationc.gender differentiationd.uncertainty avoidance(c easy; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)SCENARIOS AND QUESTIONSFor each of the following choose the answer that most completely answers the question.WHAT’S YOUR GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE?First Visit Abroad (Scenario)Bill Sanderson is halfway over the Atlantic and is excited about his first European business trip. Bill is confident about this trip but is somewhat concerned about the strange habits and foreign languages he will encounter. “If only they would just speak English like everyone else!” Bill thinks.78.Bill’s tendency to view the world only through his U.S.-based perspective is an internationalbusiness problem known as which of the following?a.nondiversityb.discriminationc.parochialismd.monolingualism(c; moderate; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)79.If Bill is to become successful as a global manager, he must _______________.a.attempt to change other cultures to American waysb.learn and accept other culturespete internationally but remain in the United Statesd.learn to manipulate other business cultures(b; moderate; p. 93; AACSB: Globalizations)Cultural Training (Scenario)Jane wants to expand her career opportunities in international operations of a company. She is 19 years old and currently attends a university. She has only lived in her current country and has never traveled to foreign countries.80.Jane decides to enroll in a foreign language class to help her overcome her ______________.a.parochialismb.ethnocentric attitudec.monolingualismd.polycentric attitudes(c; moderate; p. 91; AACSB: Globalizations)81.In talking with her advisor at the university, Jane decides she probably has a(n)__________ attitude, as she has never traveled abroad and only relates well to people from her home country.a.culturally focusedb.polycentricc.ethnocentricd.geocentric(c; moderate; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)82.Jane becomes involved with an international student association to give her experiences thatwill allow her to understand the views of students from other countries. She is trying to become more _________ in her attitude.a.parochialisticb.polycentricc.ethnocentricd.geocentric(d; difficult; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)UNDERSTANDING THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTA Foreign Alliance Talk (Scenario)As manager of the international department for your company, you have been asked by the local Chamber of Commerce to deliver a speech on foreign trade. The Chamber president even goes so far as to say “and be sure to include the EU, NAFTA, and all that stuff because we’re afraid that Ross Perot is right—all the good jobs will leave the United States.” As you pour over your notes, you try to choose the best information to present in the allotted half hour.83.You plan to explain during your talk that the acronyms EU, NAFTA, FTAA, and ASEANrefer to ________________.a.regional trade alliancesb.foreign airlinesc.soccer teams in Europed.new multinational corporations(a; difficult; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)84.One of the hottest topics of your talk will be NAFTA. One of the points that you emphasize isthat ______________.a.the United States has definitely come out the worst of the three nationsb.Canada is profiting the most in this arrangementc.the expansion of NAFTA has benefited North America’s competitiveness andeconomic powerd.U.S. high-tech companies, such as computer manufacturers, have been hit hard by theNAFTA provisions(c; difficult; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)85.You will also give participants a likely view of the future of the EU, which suggests that_______________.a.it will likely disband by the year 2010b.it is expected to merge with NAFTA by 2020c.Bulgaria will probably join in 2007d.Cuba has applied to join the EU(c; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)DOING BUSINESS GLOBALLYBusiness Expansion Plan (Scenario)As a business expansion director, Shana’s goal is to scout out potential locations and basically provide input on how her company should proceed with its planned expansion to Europe. There are many options, including maintaining the business’s head office in the United States and sending over company representatives when necessary or establishing separate operations facilities abroad and hiring locals as managers.86.If Shana’s company decides to open another company in France but maintain its managementin the United States, it would be considered _________________.a. a transnational corporationb. a global companyc. a regional trade allianced. a multidomestic corporation(b; moderate; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)87.If Shana’s company decides to open a completely new operation in Germany, tailoring thecompany to local customs and marketing strategies and hiring local managers, they would beconsidered _______________.a. a transnational corporationb. a global companyc. a regional trade allianced. a multidomestic corporation(d; moderate; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)88.If Shana’s company eliminates country-designated locations and reorganizes based onindustry groups, it would best be considered a __________________.a.borderless organizationb.strategic partnershipc.global business allianced.multidomestic corporation(a; moderate; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)89.One section of Shana’s company’s business plan involves strategic alliance s and jointventures. This section is most likely focused on the _________ phase of the company’s global business expansion.a.legalb.middlec.finald.preliminary(c; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)The European Expansion (Scenario)You have been hired by a company to look at the ways to best move the company into the European market, but you have to first determine what kind of company you are dealing with.90.If the company that has hired you is primarily used by manufacturingorganizations, it is a ___________.a.licensing companyb.franchising companyc.strategic allianced.joint venture(a; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)123.If the company that has hired you is really a partnership between an organization and a foreign company, in which both share resources and knowledge in developing new products, then it is a _______________.a.licensing companyb.franchising companyc.strategic allianced.joint venture(c; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)Software Entrepreneurial Venture (Scenario)Theodore and James have formed an entrepreneurial venture to develop software for banks and other financial institutions. Their company is growing, but in looking for opportunities in the future, they decide to explore international operations.124.The international operations in their firm continue to grow. Theodore and James have come to see that decentralized management using foreign nationals to run operations in the host countries works well. Their firm has developed into a(n) ____________ organization.a.transnationalb.multidomesticc.borderlessd.franchise(b; moderate; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)125.A new and exciting opportunity has appeared that enables Theodore and James to form a joint venture with an insurance company in Japan. This will move their firm into the global role of an organization with a(n) ______________.a.minimized level of business riskb.indirect international investmentc.direct international investmentd.independent foreign subsidiary(c; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)126.Theodore and James decide to allow a firm in Europe to use the rights to their software, its brand name, and software specifications in return for a lump-sum payment. The firm is a service organization that plans to use the software to assist its customers. This agreement is known as a ________________.a.strategic allianceb.licensing agreementc.franchised.foreign subsidiary(c; difficult; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTA Different View (Scenario)John has done well in his company. In only 5 years, he has risen to the position of divisional manager. However, he knows that in order to rise to the level of senior management, he needs to spend some time managing abroad in his company’s foreign subsidiaries. Although he has。

罗宾斯《管理学》第九版讲义第一章管理与组织导论..................... 错误!未指定书签。

一、管理及其具体含义............................................................................. 错误!未指定书签。

二、管理的职能......................................................................................... 错误!未指定书签。

三、管理角色（09简述）........................................................................ 错误!未指定书签。

四、管理技能与管理层次之间的关系（06名词解释）........................ 错误!未指定书签。

五、管理者工作的变化............................................................................. 错误!未指定书签。

六、组织的特征（06简述）.................................................................... 错误!未指定书签。

七、职责和职权......................................................................................... 错误!未指定书签。

八、管理和领导的联系与区别................................................................. 错误!未指定书签。

第二章管理理论........................... 错误!未指定书签。