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四级长难句分析在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。
长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。
长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。
理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。
首先我们先来了解制造长句的几个要点一词汇：核心词汇+普通词汇二语法结构1．从句：定语、同位语、表语、宾语、状语2．并列结构3．插入语4．倒装5．强调6．省略：分词作定语，独立主格结构2008-61．But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and —— without major technological breakthroughs —— we can't do much about it.2. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one.3．Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people w ill surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷)4. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to re construct who you are, where you are and what you like.2007-124．The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.5. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting my daughter’s experience.6. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked.2007-67. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.8. Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.9. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”10. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.11. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly.12. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.13. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like towork in a field dominated by men.14. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.15. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.16. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues.2006-1217. In fact, New York’s municipal w ater for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.18. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.19. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.20. Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.21. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.22. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.23. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs.24. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.25. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.26. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have abeneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.2006-627. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.28. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.▲29. We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, an d then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you’re disposable.30. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely.2006-6旧31．Women’s education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue.32．Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children.33．Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.34．She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance.35．The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.36．Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key.2005-1237．While here’s on question that continuous stress is ha rmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.38．In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they get the job done.39. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.40. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.实战演练1．But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do.2.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through aset of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.3.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and researchcontradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized.4.House had to be sited “within easy walking distance of the railroad station,” as some oldresidents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country.5.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely tohave shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.6.But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and youwill therefore not be offended if your ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.7.College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with eachother’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school.8.This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another,so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.9.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly beenunexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests.10.It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) tobe told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead.11. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more m oney, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.12. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.13. Scientists, like other human beings, have their hopes and fears, their passions and disappointments and their strong emotions may sometimes interrupt the course of clear thinking and sound practice.14. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.15. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.二、总结——长难句分析步骤1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。
UNIT 9LEARNING1.What is your learning approach to it?(Page 50)你学习它的方法是什么?【词汇精讲】approach在本句中用作名词,意为“方法”;除此之外还可表示“靠近;路径”。
approach还可用作动词,意为“靠近,接近;着手处理”。
3.Argue with your inner voice (Page 52) 与你内心的声音争论【词汇精讲】argue用作动词,意为“争论,争吵”。
4.Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.(Page 52)大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动”的——那就是说它可以自己学习。
【词汇精讲】assume用作动词,意为“认为;假定,假设”。
5.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.(Page 53)观点灵活一些,最终,你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。
【词汇精讲】end up doing是固定词组,意为“最后;最终”。
6.Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.(Page 53)提出问题是促进主动学习的最简单的方法。
【词汇精讲】promote用作动词,意为“促进,增进”,还可以表示“推广,宣传;促销”。
7.The answers will lead you to further learning,and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.(Page 53)答案会引导你进一步的学习,而解决问题的行为会帮助你获得对主题更高层次的理解。
【篇一】2020年9月英语四级阅读理解长难句解析Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least oneinternational study or internship opportunity-and providing the financial resources to make itpossible.原文译文：耶鲁大学和哈佛大学引领了这一潮流，为每位本科生提供至少一次出国学习或实习的机会—并提供资金援助使其得以实现。
四级词汇讲解：本句的主干是Yale and Harvard have led the way。
现在分词短语offering...and providing...为句子的伴随状语，破折号起到了递进的作用。
lead the way的意思是“先行，带路”。
如：These scientists are leading the way in space research. 这些科学家在宇宙研究中处于地位。
at least的意思是“至少”。
如：We should brush our teeth at least twice a day. 我们每天应该至少刷两次牙。
【篇二】2020年9月英语四级阅读理解长难句解析The reverse flow, from developed todeveloping countries, is on the rise,too.原文译文：从发达国家到发展中国家的逆向流动也有所增长。
四级词汇讲解：本句的主干是flow is on the rise。
from developedto developing countries为句子的插入语，起到对主语reverse flow的补充说明作用。
reverse flow意为“逆流”。
on the rise的意思是“在上升，在增长”：如：Dividends are on the rise, prices are on the rise and pressure will only continue to rise.分红在增加，价格在上升，而压力也只会继续增大。
高中英语 m9u4复杂句分析学案whether, if；what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which， when, where, how, why定语从句 who, whom, whose, which, that, as， when, where, why状语从句1、时间状语从句as, while, after, when, before, when，whenever, every/each time, as soon as, just/hardl y…when, no sooner…than,2、原因状语从句because, as, since, now that, in that3、地点状语从句:where, wherever4、条件状语从句if, as (so)long as, unless5、目的状语从句so that, in order that, in case6、结果状语从句so that, so …that, such …that7、让步状语从句though, even though, however, no matter how/what/who8、比较状语从句than, the more…the more, as…as9、方式状语从句in the same way, as巩固练习1、(xx江苏卷)After the flooding，people weresuffering in that area，________ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive、A、 whichB、 whoC、 whereD、 what2、 (xx重庆卷)Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills、A、 whichB、 thatC、 whenD、 where3、 (xx福建卷)The air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months、A、 thatB、 itC、 asD、 what4、 (xx四川卷)In our class there are46 students，________ half wear glasses、A、 in whomB、 in themC、 of whom5、 (xx浙江卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of ________ uses it somewhat differently、A、 whichB、 whatC、 themD、 those6、 (xx江苏卷)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，________ the audience can buy ice－cream、A、 whenB、 whereC、 thatD、 which7、 (xx江苏卷)It was never clear ________ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner、A、 thatB、 howC、 whenD、 why8、 (xx江苏卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed、B、 thatC、 whetherD、 how9、 (xx山东卷)When you are done with the book，just give it to Lucy or Helen or ________、A、 whoeverB、 whereverC、 whateverD、 however10、 (xx北京卷)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________ he could have expressed it differently、A、 whyB、 howC、 thatD、 whether11、(xx重庆卷)Sorry，you cant ________ you havent recovered from the knee injury、A、 untilB、 beforeC、 as12、 (xx四川卷)At school，some students are active________ some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another、A、 whileB、 althoughC、 soD、 as13、 (xx山东卷)A number of high buildings have arisen ________ there was nothing a year ago but ruins、A、 whatB、 whereC、 beforeD、 until14、 (xx全国卷)You have to move out of the way________ the truck cannot get past you、A、 soB、 orC、 andD、 but15、 (xx北京卷)Dont woryy、________ it rains，well still have a great time、A、 Even ifB、 As thoughC、 In caseD、 If only16、 (xx山东卷)He had his camera ready ________ he saw something that would make a good picture、A、 even ifB、 if onlyC、 in caseD、 so that17、 (xx浙江卷)One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help、A、 afterB、 whileC、 sinceD、 when18、 (xx北京卷)________ volleyball is her main focus，shes also great at basketball、A、 SinceB、 OnceC、 UnlessD、 While19、 (xx江西卷)Did it? Well，that doesnt matter________ you enjoyed yourselves、A、 as long asB、 unlessC、 as soon asD、 though20、 (xx辽宁卷)He had no sooner finished his speech ________ the students started cheering、A、 sinceB、 asC、 whenD、 than。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析形式主语But the packaging is often done so effectively that the viewer, listener, or reader does not make up his own mind at all. Instead, he inserts a packaged opinion into his mind , somewhat like inserting a cassette into a cassette player. He then pushes a button and "plays back" the opinion whenever it seems appropriate to do so. He has performed acceptably without having had to think.【翻译】但是打包的工作通常做得实在是太有效了，以至于观众、听众和读者压根就不做决定了。
相反，他把打包好的观点插入自己的大脑，有点像把磁带插入播放机里。
然后每当看起来适合播放的时候，他就摁一下按钮，“回放”一下那个观点。
他不需要非得思考，就已经能做到可接受的程度了。
【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。
这个句子是由so... that... 连接起来的。
so所在的句子是主句，从that 开始是从句，that 引导的结果状语从句。
not... at all表示否定，而且，在not后面加上at all 之后，是对否定语气的强化，翻译成“压根不，一点也不......”第二句是一个简单句。
这一句用的句型是insert... into...把......插入......。
packaged是个过去分词，作定语，修饰opinion“被打了包的观点”，不是零散的好几个观点。
后面是like引导的介词短语，作状语。
扬州市甘泉中学高三年级英语导学稿The process of learning笔记、订正【预习与检测】一、Read the grammar rules about analysis of complicated sentences二、预习检测：try to point out the subjects and predicates of the following sentences.①I’ll come back in three days②There are many students in our school.③Aunt really enjoyed France and so did I.④Society has changed and the people in it have changed too.⑤If it hadn’t been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.⑥I wonder if your wife will go to the ball.⑦He completed a masterpiece and as this is the focus of the exhibition, I would likeyou to find out about it.【课堂互动探究】1. 句子的类型的分析：①the simple sentence: subject + predicate②the compound sentence: subject + predicate + and/but/or/for + subject + predicate③the complex sentence: main clause + subordinate clause④the complex-compound sentence:the simple sentence + and/but/or + the complex sentence2.Finish Part A on page 57.3. Finish Part B on page 57.①One English proverb is ‘ the early bird catches the worm’, _____________②The proverb ‘great minds think alike, but fools seldom differ’ is very famous________________③The proverb ‘don’t count your chickens until they are hatched’ means ‘don’t count on something going well until it happens’, ________________________________________④The proverb ‘make hay while the sun shines’ is very old ____________________________【课堂反馈练习】一、用括号内所提示的基本句型将下列句子译成英语，需要的话可加上适当的修饰语或插入语。
【导语】有时候，你必须⼀个⼈⾛，这不是孤独，⽽是选择。
我们时时刻刻都在选择，你选择过什么样的⽣活就需要付出什么样的代价。
以下为“2020年9⽉英语四级阅读理解长难句解析”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！【篇⼀】2020年9⽉英语四级阅读理解长难句解析 They are the place of the scientificdiscoveries that move economies forward,andthe primary means of educating the talentrequired to obtain and maintain competitiveadvantages. 英语四级译⽂： ⼤学是推动经济发展的科学发现的衍⽣地，是⼀个国家培养所需⼈才以获取并维持竞争优势的主要⼿段。
四级词汇讲解： 本句的主⼲是they are place and means。
the place of...和the primary means of...为并列的表语;that引导的是discoveries 的定语从句;动词过去分词短语required to…是talent的后置定语。
move sth. forward的意思是“推动……，使……前进”。
如： We should try to strengthen the business and continue to move it forward. 我们应该努⼒强化业务并继续推动其前进。
英语四级考点归纳： the+形容词可表⽰名词概念，泛指⼀类⼈，通常具有复数含义。
如:The poor bet poorer; the rich getricher. 穷者愈穷;富者愈富。
常见的加the表名词概念的形容词有： blind失明的 deaf聋的 disabled残废的 healthy健康的 sick病弱的 living活的 dead死的 rich富有的 door贫穷的 unemployed失业的【篇⼆】2020年9⽉英语四级阅读理解长难句解析 In 2003, when Cambridge Universityappointed Alison Richard, another former Yaleprovost, as its vice-chancellor, the universitypublicly stressed that in her previous job shehad overseen a major strengthening of Yale's financial position. 原⽂译⽂： 2003年，剑桥⼤学聘请了另⼀位耶鲁⼤学前教务长艾利森·理查德担任副校长、并公开强调，在她之前的⼯作中，在她的监管下，“耶鲁⼤学的财政状况得到了极⼤的巩固”。
考研英语长难句分析技巧及实战70例长难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。
从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例：经典例题（2001年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor）+将来时谓语（will introduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；（2）that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments to witnesses illegal 是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。
