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2014 Text 1（英语⼆）⾦钱和幸福What would you do with $590 million?如果你有 5.9 亿美元，你会想做什么？This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.葛罗瑞亚·⻢克肯泽尔正⾯对这个问题。
她是⼀位 84 岁在弗罗⾥达拥有⼀座⼩房⼦的寡妇，最近获得了有史以来最⼤的彩票头奖。
If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read "Happy Money" by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.但如果她希望新得到的财富会让她产⽣持久的满⾜感，她可能需要读读伊丽莎⽩·唐恩和迈克尔·诺顿合著的《快乐理财》。
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.这两位学者利⽤⼀系列的⾏为学研究表明，最让⼈受益的消费⽅式可能是反直觉的。
Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.财富给⼈的感觉经常会意味着豪⻋和峭壁旁的富宅。
2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better”and reduce “dependency,”George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.”he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster”Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms”to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
2014年考研英语一真题详解：翻译Directions：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic， philosophical， sensual， or mathematical， but in any case it must， in my view， have something to do with the soul ofthe human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical： sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words， all we can do is articulate our reactions to it， and not grasp music itself.Beethoven‘s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary natureof his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected， as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression， he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person，and a courageous one， and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding， let alone the performance， of his works.This coura geous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven‘s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage， for example in the use of dynamics. (48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and th en abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics， but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his viewof freedom， which， for him， was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual： he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven‘s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him， order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development， an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony， but the second， so that suffering does not have the lastword. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable， but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.【参考答案】46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words， all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself.这就是为什么当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时，我们能清楚的表达对音乐的反应，但并没有领会音乐的精髓。
Sectio n I Use of Englis hDirect ions:Read the follow ing text. Choose the best word(s) for each number ed blankand mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinne risn‟talways better. A number of studie s have __1___that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseas es compar ed to thosewho are overwe ight.And thereare health condit ionsfor whichbeingoverwe ightis actual ly ___2___. For exampl e, heavie r womenare less likely to develo p calciu m defici encythan thin women. ___3___ amongthe elderl y, beingsomewh at overwe ightis oftenan ___4___ of good health.Of even greate r ___5___ is the fact that obesit y turnsout to be very diffic ult to define. It is oftendefine d ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divide d by the square of height. An adultwith a BMI of 18 to 25 is oftenconsid eredto be normal weight. Betwee n 25 and 30 is overwe ight.And over 30 is consid eredobese.Obesit y, ___8___,can be divide d into modera telyobese,severe ly obese,and very severe ly obese.Whilesuch numeri cal standa rds seem 9 , they are not. Obesit y is probab ly less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extrem ely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For exampl e, many colleg iateand profes siona l footba ll player s 12 as obese,though theirpercen tagebody fat is low. Conver sely, someon e with a smallframemay have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Todaywe have a(an) _14 _ to labelobesit y as a disgra ce.The overwe ightare someti mes_15_inthe mediawith theirfacescovere d. Stereo types_16_ with obesit y includ e lazine ss, lack of will power,and lowerprospe cts for succes s.Teache rs,employ ers,and health profes siona ls have been shownto harbor biases agains t the obese._17_ve ry youngchildr en tend to look down on theoverwe ight, and teasin g aboutbody buildhas long been a proble m in school s.Negati ve attitu des toward obesit y, _18_in health concer ns, have stimul ateda number of anti-obesit y _19_.My own hospit al system has banned sugary drinks from its facili ties.Many employ ers have instit utedweight loss and fitnes s initia tives. Michel le Obamalaunch ed a high-visibi litycampai gn _20_ childh ood obesit y, even claimi ng that it repres entsour greate st nation al securi ty threat.1. [A] denied[B] conduc ed [C] double d [D] ensure d、【答案】B conclu ded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
Text 1为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养”，英国财政部大臣George Osborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利，然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。
还有什么能比这个更合理？下面是更明显的合理性。
下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。
”帮助？真的吗？第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好，和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心，有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖，心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作。
但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系。
现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
确实，这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”，条件是积极地找工作；这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系，一周71,70英镑，没有补贴没有保险。
2014Section III Translation01解析：①Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full.【解析】define... as... 把…定义为…【词汇】perpetually adv.永久地，持久地，无休止地perpetual adj.持久的，长久的endlessly adj. end（结尾）+less（缺少）+ly形容词后缀→缺少结尾的=无止境的；无穷无尽的【译文】大多数人认为乐观是无尽的欢乐，如同总是有半杯水的杯子。
But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.【词汇】cheerfulness n.高兴cheerful（快乐的，愉快的）+ness（名词后缀），构成cheerfulness（名词），高兴psychologist n.心理学家扩展词根psych-=mental.心理/精神的-ology 表示技术科学，-ist表示专家psyche n.精神，灵魂=soul n.灵魂psychology n.心理学；psychological a.心理学的Psychologist n.心理学家；psychoanalysis n.精神分析recommend v.推荐；建议recommend sb /sth to…向…推荐某人/某物recommend sb to do sth 推荐/建议某人做某事recommend sb for …（a position）推荐某人担任…（职位）recommend sth /doing sth 推荐某物/建议做某事；recommend that 后面接从句【译文】但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的虚假的快乐。
2006年的一部电影《穿普拉达的女王》有段情节这样演绎：Meryl Streepb扮演的Miranda Priestly,，斥责她毫无吸引力的助手，因为她反映高端时尚并不能感染她，然后Priestly说明了助手毛衫的深蓝色是如何从时尚展览中慢慢伸展到百货商店再到平价店中，毫无疑问是这个可怜女孩挑选了这件衣服的地方。
时尚业管理严密的理念已经非常过时了，或与Elizabeth Cline对“快餐时尚”的这三年的控诉书《过度装扮》中所描述的狂热不一致。
在过去的十几年里，技术的发展使得像Zara，H&M，Uniqlo等的一些大众市场商标更快地对趋势做出反应，更精确的抢占市场需求。
更快地周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的发布，更高的利润。
这些商标煽动那些关心样式的消费者把衣服当做只洗一到两次的一次性物品，而且，他们不做广告，并每隔几周就全部更新店面的衣服。
Cline认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供潮流商品的这种行为是在抢劫时尚圈，动摇了这个产业长久以来惯有的季节性。
这次变革的受害者不仅仅是设计者。
对于H&M来说，为其全球2300家分店提供一个5.95美元的编制迷你裙必须依赖海外的廉价劳动力，大量的耗尽自然资源的订单，大量的有害化学品。
《过度装扮》是时尚界对像Michael Pollan的The Omnivore’s Dilemma这样的消费者权益维护者的畅销书的回答。
“大量生产的衣物就像快餐，满足饥饿和需求，还是一次性的，浪费的，”Cline认为。
她还发现，美国人一年大概要买200亿件衣物-平均每人64件一年-不论他们是花费了多少钱，这种不节制导致极大的浪费。
在《过度装扮》的最后部分，Cline介绍的她理想的典范，一个布鲁克林的女人Sarah Kate Beaumont,从2008年开始自己制作自己所有的衣物，并且毫不逊色。
但是像Cline记录的那样，Beaumont花了十年时间完善她的手艺；这个例子不该被忽略。
2014英语一text2全文翻译原文：More than twenty years ago the psychologist Arthur Aron succeeded in making two strangers fall in love in his laboratory. Last summer, I applied his technique in my own life, which is how I found myself standing on a bridge at midnight, staring into a man’s eyes for exactly four minutes.Let me explain. Earlier in the evening, that man had said: “I suspect, given a few commonalities, you could fall inlove with anyone. If so, how do you choose someone?”He was a university acquaintance I occasionally ran intoat the climbing gym and had thought, wow, if I were to spenda day with this person, I bet by the end of it I’d alreadybe in love. But that was not what I said. Instead, I seizedon the phrase “given a few commonalities” and answered his question with this line: “Well, certainly, there are manypeople I think I could fall in love with, but I doubt I would be able to fall in love with someone I didn’t like.”“That’s it exactly,” he said.We may be far from Arthur Aron’s real experiment, but ashe wrote i n a paper in 1997, “the closeness produced in laboratory situations is about as close as strangers can get.” Closeness means intimacy, and intimacy is the product ofmutual self-disclosure — the revealing of personal information, the sharing of secrets. So what did our twoinitial strangers do? They completed a set of 36 questionsthat gradually grew more and more personal.My answer to the question about falling in love contained more partial truths and wishful thinking than practicaladvice. I’d been writ ing about social psychology for yearsand had developed an interview technique called “Fast Friends,” a set of thirty-six increasingly personalquestions devised to help perfect strangers become closerthan many friends. I needed to test this methodology and see if it could create real closeness between two people in a room.Four minutes of looking into someone’s eyes can be ahell of a long time. It was soft and warm and the most extraordinary thing happened next: the world moved in closer and we moved apart. I blinked again and this time he was definitely smiling, so I looked away. The study would be published without critique. I had found what I was looking for.One reason that exploring your own limitations can lend life a sense of pleasure lies in the subsequent discoverythat there are few of them. To go a day without successfully achieving something to which you have applied yourself is to have wasted one of your limited days on earth. How often does your opportunity to accomplish a piece of the world’s work come around? Once, you will try, and even put greater effortinto your work than you have yet attempted. But you will not succeed.翻译：二十多年前，心理学家Arthur Aron成功地让两个陌生人在他的实验室里相爱。
TeGt1为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养”，英国财政部大臣GeorgeOsborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利，然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。
还有什么能比这个更合理？下面是更明显的合理性。
下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。
”帮助？真的吗？第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好，和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心，有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖，心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作。
但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系。
现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
确实，这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”，条件是积极地找工作；这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系，一周71,70英镑，没有补贴没有保险。
