专业英语期末作业

英文专业期末考试题及答案English Major Final Examination Questions and AnswersPart I: Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points)1. Choose the word that best completes the sentence:- The _______ of the new policy has been widely debated.A) implementationB) implicationC) complicationD) simplificationAnswer: A) implementation2. Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb:- She _______ her book on the table and left the room.A) putB) putsC) is puttingD) was puttingAnswer: A) put3. Identify the grammatical error in the following sentence: - "I don't know where is the nearest bookstore."Answer: The correct sentence is "I don't know where the nearest bookstore is."Part II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:Passage:In the heart of the bustling city, there lies a quaint little bookstore that has been a sanctuary for book lovers for decades. The owner, Mr. Smith, has a passion for literature that is evident in the carefully curated collection of books that line the shelves. He believes in the power of stories to transport us to different worlds and to bring people together.Questions:1. What is the main purpose of the bookstore according to the passage?Answer: The main purpose of the bookstore is to serve as a sanctuary for book lovers and to provide a carefully curated collection of books.2. What does Mr. Smith believe in regarding literature?Answer: Mr. Smith believes in the power of stories to transport us to different worlds and to bring people together.Part III: Writing (30 points)Write a short essay (150-200 words) on the topic: "The Importance of Reading in Personal Development."Answer:Reading is an essential component of personal development. Itnot only broadens our horizons but also enhances our understanding of the world. Through reading, we gain insights into different cultures, philosophies, and ways of life, which fosters empathy and open-mindedness. Moreover, reading stimulates the mind, improving critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It also serves as a source of inspiration and motivation, encouraging us to pursue our dreams and overcome challenges. In essence, reading is a journey of self-discovery and growth, equipping us with the knowledge and wisdom to navigate life's complexities.Part IV: Translation (20 points)Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese:1. "The early bird catches the worm."Answer: 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。

大专综合英语期末试题及答案一、选择题1. Which of the following is NOT a correct pronunciation for the underlined part?A. tensionB. measureC. pleasureD. treasureAnswer: A2. The underlined word "comprehensive" in the text means ______.A. detailedB. exhaustingC. extensiveD. inclusiveAnswer: D3. The following sentences are all about passive voice except ______.A. English is taught in many countries.B. The car was repaired by Peter.C. The movie was watched by millions of people.D. The teacher assigned the homework to the students.Answer: D4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of formal writing?A. Using contractionsB. Avoiding colloquial languageC. Using precise vocabularyD. Following the standard grammar rulesAnswer: A5. The underlined word "ambiguous" in the text means ______.A. straightforwardB. clearC. vagueD. conciseAnswer: C二、完形填空Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete each blank.Dear Mr. Johnson,I am writing to express my gratitude for the wonderful 6 you provided me during my internship at your company. I believe that this experience has been __7__ valuable to my personal and professional development.During my time at your company, I was given the opportunity to work alongside experienced professionals in the industry. They 8 me with their vast knowledge and expertise, allowing me to gain a deeper understanding of the field. In addition, I was able to 9 in a variety of tasks and projects, which further enhanced my skills and abilities.Moreover, I am extremely grateful for the positive work environment at your company. The 10 and encouragement I received from my colleagues have greatly boosted my confidence and motivation. I truly felt like a valued member of the team.Overall, this internship has been an 11 experience for me. It has not only provided me with valuable insights into the industry but also helped me develop my interpersonal and technical skills. I am confident that the experiences and knowledge gained during this internship will greatly benefit my future endeavors.Again, thank you for providing me with this incredible opportunity. I am sincerely 12 for your support and guidance.Yours sincerely,[Your Name]6. A. opportunity7. A. tremendously8. A. inspired9. A. engage10. A. appreciation11. A. enjoyable12. A. gratefulAnswer:6. A7. A8. B9. D10. A11. C12. A三、阅读理解Read the following passage and choose the best option for each question.The importance of effective communication skills cannot be overstated. Whether in personal relationships, professional settings, or everyday interactions, effective communication plays a vital role in conveying ideas, building relationships, and resolving conflicts.One aspect of effective communication is active listening. Active listening involves paying full attention to the speaker, understanding the message being conveyed, and responding appropriately. By actively listening, we can avoid misunderstandings, demonstrate empathy, and foster meaningful connections with others.Another key aspect of effective communication is nonverbal cues. Nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice, often communicate more than words alone. Paying attention to these cues can enhance our understanding of the speaker's message and enable us to respond appropriately.Additionally, effective communication involves using clear and concise language. When conveying our thoughts and ideas, it is important to use language that is easily understood by the recipient. Avoiding jargon, using appropriate vocabulary, and structuring our sentences in a coherent manner can greatly improve communication effectiveness.Furthermore, effective communication requires the ability to adapt to different communication styles and preferences. Each individual may have their own preferred communication style, and being able to adjust our communication approach accordingly can facilitate better understanding and collaboration.In conclusion, effective communication skills are essential in various aspects of life. By actively listening, paying attention to nonverbal cues, using clear language, and adapting to different communication styles, we can enhance our communication effectiveness and build stronger connections with others.1. What is one aspect of effective communication mentioned in the passage?A. Speaking loudly.B. Using complex vocabulary.C. Active listening.D. Interrupting the speaker.Answer: C2. Nonverbal cues include all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. facial expressionsB. body languageC. tone of voiceD. written wordsAnswer: D3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to improve communication effectiveness?A. Using clear and concise language.B. Paying attention to nonverbal cues.C. Acting disinterested.D. Adapting to different communication styles.Answer: C四、书面表达Write an essay (about 150 words) on the following topic: "The Importance of Time Management."Answer:Time management is a crucial skill that plays a significant role in both personal and professional success. Effective time management allows individuals to prioritize tasks, avoid procrastination, and achieve their goals.Firstly, time management helps individuals prioritize their tasks. By analyzing the importance and urgency of various tasks, individuals can allocate their time and energy accordingly. This enables them to focus on the most important tasks and complete them in a timely manner, leading to increased productivity.Secondly, time management helps individuals avoid procrastination. Procrastination often leads to unnecessary stress and poor performance. By effectively managing their time, individuals can break tasks into smaller, more manageable pieces, which reduces the likelihood of procrastination and ensures efficient progress towards their goals.Lastly, time management is essential for achieving personal and professional goals. By setting specific deadlines and creating a structured schedule, individuals can stay organized and ensure that they are working towards their goals consistently.In conclusion, time management is a skill that should be cultivated and practiced. With effective time management, individuals can prioritize tasks, avoid procrastination, and ultimately achieve their goals.。

XX职校2018年春季《专业英语》期末考试卷（参考答案）考试时间 120分钟学号姓名班级年级一、单选题(每小题2分，共30分)1. If all points in a linkage move in parallel planes the system undergoes planar motion and the linkage may be described as a ______ .A. planar motionB. planar linkageC. jointsD. slide2. Though frame material and design should handle damping,_____ are sometimes built into frame sections to handle specific problems.A .beams B. holes C. dampers D. screw3. The maximum allowable deflection of a shaft ______ determined by critical speed, gear, or bearing r equirements.A. oftenB. mustC. wasD. is usually4. We will have to _____ to better and better solutions as we generate more information.A. repeat many timesB. iteratingC. iterateD. try ways5. If a product configuration is _______ specified and then examined to determine whether the perform ance requirements are met.A. finallyB. tentativelyC. temporaryD. have been6. Manufacturing can be defined as the _____ of raw materials into useful products through the use of t he easiest and lest-expensive methods.A. transformationB. processingC. processD. transforming7. The planer and knee types of milling machine is _____ because of its flexibility.A. used most commonlyB. most popularC. the most commonly usedD. most powerful8. As a result, the system will vibrate at the frequency of the _____ force regardless of the initial condit ions or natural frequency of the system.A. actionB. excitationC. outD. act9. Before two components are assembled together, the relationship between the dimensions of the mating surfaces_______.A. must be giving outB. should printed clearlyC. must be specifiedD. should be clearly noted10. The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their ___ ___ surfaces.A. envelopingB. matingC. outerD. outside11. The word______ itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and ceramics, while similar phen omena in plastics generally called ______.A. recrystallization…. corrosionB. recrystallization…degradationC. degradation…corrosionD. corrosion… degradation12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made fromB. are made up ofC. was produced byD. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operation at __ ____ speeds.A . lowB .overload C. critical D. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a ______ 。

专业英语期末考试试卷[五篇材料]第一篇：专业英语期末考试试卷2014年上学期专业英语期末考试试卷一.Referring to the terms listed in the left column,place the appropriate letter next to the corresponding description.(12＇)a.Assets1.inflows of assetsb.Owners’ incomec.Revenues3.probable future benefitsd.Liabilities4.outflows of assets assets Earnings6.probable future sacrifices二．Choose the Best Answer for Each Item Below(15＇)1.Which of the following concepts belongs to accounting assumption?a.Conservatismb.Consistencyc.Materialityd.Money measurement2.Which of the following groups uses accounting information for planning a company’s profitability and liquidity?a.Managementb.Creditorc.Investorsd.Corporation3.A credit is on the right-hand side of_______.a.an assets account onlyb.a liability account onlyc.an owner’s equity account onlyd.all accounts4.A purchase of office equipment on credit requires a credit to _________.a.Plant and Equipmentb.Cashc.Equipment Expensed.Account Payable5.A sale is made on June 1 for $200 on terms of 2/10,n/30 on which a sale return of $50 is granted on June 7.The dollar amountreceived for payment in full on June 9 is ________.a.$200b.$150c.$147d.$144三.Translate the Following English into Chinese（25’）1.Assets are economic resources, which are owned by a business and are expected to benefit future operations.Assets may have definite physical form such as buildings, machinery, or merchandise.On the other hand, some assets exist not in physical or rights;examples are amounts due from customers, investments in government bonds, and patent rights.（10’）2.The individuals most dependent upon and most involved with end products of accounting are those who are charged with the responsibility for directing theoperations of enterprises.（7’）3.The principal statements, together with supplementary statements and schedules, present much of the basic information needed to make sound economic decisions regarding business enterprises.(8’)四.Translate the Following Chinese into English（32’）1.货币资金2.商业承兑汇票3.股票投资4.未确认融资费用5.基金6.存货跌价准备7.营运资本8.通用对外财务报告五、Complete the sentences.(16’)1.An ________is the basic storage unit for data in a counting.2.The book or file, which contains all or groups of the company’s accounts, is called a ________.3.When someone invests in his or her own company, the amount of the investmentis recorded in a _______ account.4.The balance of an_____ can be found in the general ledger.第二篇：专业英语期末考试 3专业外语期末考核班级：11级电气工程及其自动化2班姓名：李谦学号：P1*******Translate the following paragraphs into English.(50 points)在能源利用方面，大功率并网型风力发电是目前高效利用风能的主要方式。

期末翻译试题题型及各部分分值1-2 长句部分上课列举的例子1. 他的观点被驳地体无完肤2. 但是一百年后，黑人依旧没有获得自由，一百年后，黑人的生活仍然不幸地被种族隔离的镣铐和歧视的枷锁桎梏着。

3. 将这一事实一带而过是无济于事的，需要强调和重复，充分地加以说明。

4. 所有的商品都免费送货，这个新计划在1998年亚洲经济危机最糟糕的时候启动实施。

5. 大规模杀伤性武器没有消失，由于在印度和巴基斯坦进行的核试验，核不扩散条约现在正遭到严重的破坏。

6. 对自己所做的事感到震惊，杰克冲向护栏，纵身跳向下面的岩石，在那里，大海迅速的淹没了他。

7. 将为中国提供多边论坛，用于商讨贸易问题年8. 决不能把个人利益凌驾于国家利益之上个9. 因此需要建立一种机制，让人们即能买得到，又能买得起.10. 他的谎言被当场曝光了重复1．发言人称国务院将修改安全规范和卫生规范2．电流的主要影响是磁效应，电效应，化学效应3．这是我们的立场，不是他们的立场4．他是个石油大亨，一个白手起家的石油大亨5．轰炸外国大使馆很明显的违背了国际法，尤其是违背了日内瓦公约。

6．无知是畏惧的根源，也是羡慕的根源7．世界人们正越来越关注另一项措施，这个措施使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的不良习惯8．总统十分欣慰地宣布，飞机从虚幻的遥远的喜玛拉雅地势低平的地方起飞9．尽管据称原子能发电站没有危害，但这种发电站依然被建在远离人群的地方。

10．这些请愿书一定会送到驻莫斯科的外国记者手里11．字母I代表我，O代表owe12．普通加速度是自由落体的加速度13．太空探测器在不到600英尺的地方穿过了火星，向地面传回许多火星表面的图片14．Out of sight, out of mind眼不见心不烦15．季节的每一次更迭，气候的每一次变换，以及一天中的每一个小时，使山峦的奇幻色彩和形状发生了变化，那些远近的家庭好主妇都把这看做准确的晴雨表正说反译1，第一次轰炸未击中目标2，Hasty makes waste勿用力过猛3，欲速则不达4，We may safely say so我们这样说万无一失5，The explanation is pretty thin这个解释是十分不充分的6，The doubt was still unsolved---他一再解释，一团仍然存在7，He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.他这人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常8，Don’t lose time in doing—赶紧把信寄出去9，With no exception无一例外10，The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.这些事件引起了我们的重视合译1. 安然起初一家公司的名字，然后变成了一桩丑闻的代名词，现在又用做一个及物动词2. 那声音来自远处，但他知道这是一群猎狗在狂吠3. 1953年，我刚从爱尔兰的科尔克勒来此寻找出路被动语态1. 这种不分党派的态度，最常见于秘密会议中2. 许多盆地是由于地壳下沉而形成的3. 他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺了定语从句1. 月球是一个声断音绝的地方，一个万籁俱寂的世界2. There are many people很多人想看这部电影3. 这些会议促使他辞职，理由就是他的年纪越来越大，身体越来越差4. 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某种标志5. 只有你能做到这件事6. 这是第一次我和老板发生严重的纠纷，7. 大使只宴请了几个人，因为他特别想她眼里是不错的丈夫人选和这几个人谈谈，听听他们的看法8. 他吃了一只蘑菇，结果就病倒了9. 钢零件上通常涂有油脂，免得生锈10. 水如果不清洁就会引起重病11. 趁你年富力强的时候，为人民做出更多的贡献吧12. 科学家皆勤奋分译1. 离公园几个街区便是与公园平行的克莱门特大街，哪有几十家民族餐馆，热闹得像第二个唐人街2. 他在公司的地位无可争议，又有相当可观的收入，这使得他在他眼里是不错的丈夫人选3. 他没料到他的知识如此渊博，但是觉得有些不好意思，没有说出口4. On December 31,2001,a dozen of members of the European Union 2001年12月31日，十二个欧盟成员国决定启用欧元5. 无论是在事实上，还是在感情上，我都不是他们的敌人，而是他们的朋友6. The shining flowerpot holder stood importantly in the west window--课外Neither should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region and each is opposed to efforts (by any other country or group of countries) (to establish such hegemony), and neither is prepared to negotiate [on behalf of any third party] or to enter into agreements or understandings [with the other] (directed at other states).任何一方都不应该在“亚洲-太平洋”地区谋求霸权，每一方都反对任何国家或国家集团建立这种霸权的努力；任何一方都不准备代表任何第三方进行谈判，也不准备同对方达成针对其他国家的协议或谅解。

Aliens land on our world!Tina woke up at 3 a.m. She looked out of the window, on the twentieth floor of her building. She noticed a yellow light in the sky above her. It suddenly dived towards the ground. She heard a small explosion（爆炸声）and saw a red light. Then, Tina felt very tired and fell asleep. The next morning, she told her brother Tom about it. ‘I’m sure something landed in the forest near the hills.’She said. ‘Let’s explore it after school.’At 6 p.m., they reached the forest and followed a narrow（狭窄的）path between the trees. It was getting dark when they heard some voices. They hid behind some bushes and kept silent. They listened but could not understand anything.Then they saw the alien! It was tall, with a round head and a silver body. It was walking next to a long spaceship. The ship was damaged. Many of the trees around it were burnt. The children felt terrified（受惊吓的）. Then a second alien suddenly appeared. It saw them and made a terrible noise! The children fled（逃跑）and did not stop until they were safe at home. During dinner, they told their parents about the aliens. ‘They were very ugly. They had some hair but they didn’t have any feathers.’ said Tina.‘There was some writing on their spaceship,’ said Tom. ‘It looked like this.’ He drew some lines on a piece of paper. Dad said, ‘No one else saw these aliens. Yo u’re naughty! You must not make up stories. Now, go to bed!’But the next morning, the children repeated their story. ‘We really saw something in the forest, Dad.’‘Perhaps they’re telling the truth,’ said Mum.‘All right,’ said Dad. ‘After school, go and report it to the police. Now, off to school!’The children put their schoolbags on their backs and then opened the door. They spread their wings and jumped outside and flew to school together.Dad examined the paper with strange marks. ‘It’s not like our writing at all.’ He said, as he looked at the word ‘EARTH’.。

( ) 12. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _________ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A. whatB. thatC. howD. where( ) 13. Neither you nor your brother __________ finished your homework.A. hasB. haveC. to haveD. having( ) 14. There __________ a pencil and some books on the desk.A. areB. wasC. isD. were( ) 15. _________ took us several hours to clear the snows and open the road to traffic.A. AllB. HeC. ItD. They( ) 16. ---- Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, __________ to go to university.---- So do I.A. hopingB. hopedC. hopesD. hope( ) 17. A library with five thousand books _________ to the nation as a gift.A. are offeredB. have offeredC. has offeredD. is offered( ) 18. My friend and my brother __________ discussing a problem in the sitting room.A. isB. wasC. areD. were( ) 19. The number of people invited _________ fifty, but a number of students _________ absent for different reasons.A. was; wereB. were; wasC. were; wereD. was; was( ) 20. She is the only one of the girls who __________ ever been there.A. havingB. to haveC. hasD. have( ) 21. Exhausted (筋疲力尽) after the day’s work, __________ to enjoy the evening.A. he found it difficultB. he found difficultC. for him it was difficultD. it was difficult for him( ) 22. Noboy ___________ interested in playing such games.A. hasB. wereC. isD. are( ) 23. Do you think __________ difficult to answer this question?A. itB. veryC. thatD. Yourself( ) 24. A great deal of water ___________ needed in this experiment.A. areB. haveC. isD. has( ) 25. __________ of the land in that district __________ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifths; isB. Two fifths; areC. Two fifth; areD. Two fifth; is( ) 26There __________ two things I’d like to know about.A. isB. areC. wasD. were.( ) 27. __________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. WhyB. WhereC. WhichD. What( ) 28. Both air and water ___________ polluted in this area.A. areB. isC. beingD. was( ) 29. I think ___________ is necessary __________ us to protect the beautiful wetland.A. this; ofB. it; forC. it; ofD. this; for( ) 30.She is one of the few girls who ___________ in the company.A. is paying wellB. is well paidC. are paying wellD. are well paid ( ) 31. When and where to go for the on-slary holiday ___________ yet.A. is not being decidedB. are not decidedC. has not been decidedD. have not been decided( ) 32. __________ will take you two hours to get there by train.A. WhatB. WhichC. ThatD. It( ) 33. E-mail, as well as telephones, __________ an important part in daily communica- tion.A. have playedB. is playingC. playD. are playing. ( ) 34. We think _________ necessary that college students should know at least one foreign language.A. ThatB. WhatC.itD. Which( ) 35. The last time we had great fun was _________ we were visiting the Water ParkA. howB. whereC. whyD. when ( ) 36._________ was about half past ten when we got to the station.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. Which ( ) 37. _________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. WhateverB. No matter whatC. WhicheverD. No matter which ( ) 38. Every teacher and student __________ good reason to be proud of their school.A. to haveB. havingC. hasD. have( ) 39. _________ is our belief that improvements in health are will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A. ThatB. AsC. ItD. This( ) 40.None of the materials __________ conductors.A. wasB. areC. isD. were二、完形填空。

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南京邮电大学通达学院 2011/2012学年第一学期《专业英语（自学）》期末大作业专业班级学号姓名一二三四五六总分主题内容语法结构文采创新满分20 20 20 20 10 10得分Writing（100分）You will find several topics in the following lists. Please choose one of them and write a short paper to explain your own opinion.Requirements:(1) Name the paper by yourself;(2) Your own opinion should be clearly put forward.(3)Try to find some articles via the internet or journals as references.(4) More than 1200 words.Topics:0．“People often complain that products are not made to last. They feel that making products that wear out fairly quickly wastes both natural and human resources. What they fail to see, however, is that such manufacturing practices keep costs down for the cons umer and stimulate demand.”Which do you find more compelling: the complaint about products that do not last or the response to it? Explain your position using relevant reasons and/or examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.1．“Ma nufacturers are responsible for ensuring that their products are safe. If a product injures someone, for whatever reason, the manufacturer should be held legally and financially accountable for the injury.” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.2．Analysis of Issue Questions: “Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated than employees of for-profit corporations to perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated. Interviews with employees of not-for-profit organizations suggest that the reason fortheir greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to improve society. Because they believe in the importance of their work, they have personal reasons to perform well, even when no financial reward is present. Thus, if our corporation began donating a significant portion of its profits to humanitarian causes, our employees’ motivation and productivity would increase substantially and our overall profits would increase as well.” What do you think about this point?Explain why?3．“All companies should invest hea vily in advertising because high-quality advertising can sell almost any product or service.” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.4．Analysis of Issue Questions: “Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees’ health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees’permission.” Which opinion do you prefer? Expla in why?5．Analysis of Issue Questions: “Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things do ne.” Which opinion do you prefer? Explain why?6．“Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater value on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.7．“When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely solely on objective information, such as a candidate’s résumé and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person’s qualifications for a job.” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.8．“Most people today place too much emphasis on satisfying their immediate desires. The overall quality of life would be greatly improved if we all focused instead on meeting ourlong-term needs.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.9．Analysis of I ssue Questions: “If the primary duty and concern of a corporation is to make money, then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society.” Which opinion do you prefer? Explain why?Not a huge amount of advertising costs in exchange for high returns can一. What is an adAdvertising is the era of economic and social life of the booster, it does not exist all the time in people's lives, to guide people in the buying behavior at the same time, people's daily activities have an important impact. Many companies choose this advertising strategy for this non-price competition to increase sales of their products, expand its market share in order to obtain greater profits.二. Today, the status of advertisingTV ads have been a ghost to enter your biological clock, so you can not get rid of. TV station from the initial one or two, now grown to dozens to choose from. Those pervasive commercials always find you at any time, beating constantly before your eyes. Hate advertising, not advertising itself, is nothing more than the hope of tempting and exciting sports drama caused by a rare good mood, and will not be constantly interrupted by advertising spots. In fact, some of the beautifully crafted commercials, always memorable, but it's not directly related to business practices, at least for 90% of the advertising is. 90% of the advertising costs that failed to be implemented, but few people think so, for the advertising business, publishing media always seem fair to introduce some market research to confirm the cost of advertising expenditures and sales is proportional to the Even if only 10% is the case, all investors would consider themselves part of this 10%, also good value for money. Admittedly, if you do not make sense to 90% of these ads dedication, we would be very difficult to see these wonderful high-quality TV shows and sports broadcasts, consume little energy to get some good mood the eye, which is the benefits and costs of common sense. We always think so, but movies and television commercials supporting, is an economic contract conditions, so we never put ads to look at as a TV drama, TV drama naturally will not be treated as advertising, which the consensus is that we, who do take advantage of this consensus, Film and Television to the advertising effect? Ending a long list of corporate sponsors failed to reach the title of this advertising effect, the film deliberately close-up of an enterprise productis people do vomit. In movies and television advertising in unknowingly to achieve a certain effect, can do that only the United States, Japan, South Korea's business.三. Marketing success, failure is determined by the advertising1 Prince milk ElegyNovember 9, an interview requests from the media, through his attorney, Wang Qinghui multi removed, or had been rejected in the outside walls. In July, as the Prince of milk has been the chairman, Lee pure suddenly Zhuzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau arrested on charges of "illegal deposits from the public." Lee pure in prison, the Prince of milk that has a single category of CCTV standard king, wrapped in layers of the coat was opened. Over Prince Tech dairy milk spokesman Lin told reporters that "the current Prince of milk production base in the five, only one in Zhuzhou in the production base, the average daily production of about 300 tons." Clearly, this is not everyone familiar with the Prince of milk. According to media reports, the peak time of 2001 to 2007, the Prince of milk sales jumped from 50 million yuan to 30 yuan, doubling performance for six consecutive years. This growth rate of development, thanks to Lee pure in 1998 to 88.88 million yuan in the CCTV, the king won the food marketing business standard results. Advertising, the general drift snow to order. A source recalled that: At the time Prince Milk Group delivery people, waiting in the end the team less than a glance. However, all this milk at the Prince announced in April this year before bankruptcy, have been covered up. "Prince of milk come to the point now, is largely overestimated Prince Lee pure milk of awareness." An insider told the reporter. In fact, when Prince of milk on the CCTV bid, and ultimately became the subject of competing standard king, done entirely in the form of credit. "They kept asking for a show of hands, in fact, total assets have not bid high." The source said, the way of pure Li standard CCTV King won in 1998, Prince was the actual sales of milk more than 3,000 yuan. Become a standard CCTV Queen, Prince milk billions of strategic objectives in accordance with the beginning layout. 2002 to 2006, Lee pure invested billions of dollars in Zhuzhou, Hunan, Beijing Miyun and other places, lactic acid production started five R & D base, and start to make milk into the loss of Prince's black hole "diversification" strategy. Lee pure has publicly acknowledged that he is indeed often "die and beliefs to survive." The Prince of milk as a carrier to maintain theoperation and growth of social finance, become over the years, the Prince of milk from a small enterprise logistics companies for the sales of billions of magic.In fact, Lee pure way, when others in the Fudge, did not spare even their own.A famous audit firm issued due diligence showed that in 2005, for example, claims that Prince milk a billion dollars net, not physically connected to the 30 million yuan. Now, once the standard dauphin milk go sour. Infected with diabetes and hypertension Lee pure way, to bring the judiciary repeated medical treatment, but were not allowed.四. Today, advertising problems1 star employ inappropriate waste advertising costs.2, ahead of advertising waste a lot of advertising.3, advertising and supply gap wastage of advertising costs the most, some companies advertising done well, is also reflected in the public good.4, "starvation diet" also led to a waste of advertising.5, product design, functionality, performance, quality, advertising, etc. lead to waste of mediocrity.6, ad spending is a waste of excessive advertising.7, inadequate investment in a waste of advertising costs.8, your audience out of touch with the audience led to a waste product of the advertising costs.9, sky blanket advertising a waste of advertising costs, some products in the market to adapt to a very narrow, and is used by companies with a wide audience of media, such as the media put too little on following the vote is not no different, put too no more different from "casting pearls before swine", limited promotional costs under the "drizzle"10, a waste of advertising creative mediocrity.11, consistent advocacy led to a large number of ineffective advertising, some companies rely on the initial advertising campaign to open the market.12, poor marketing system and marketing organizations work to cost a lot of advertising.五. The reasonable cost of advertising investment1 advertising appeals: the right person, that the dialogueAppeal not allowed, not sharp, can not never forget it is a waste of advertising caused the first major reasons. Advertising, the core can be attributed to nine words: to whom, what to say, how to say. Who is advertising on strategic issues, with the market positioning and marketing strategies. Their appeal is not the way, like howling at the moon, as you re-play a wonderful blend, beef brother nor will you say: "Brother, this piano well, to a bar!." Identify the target audience, advertising people, is to reduce the waste of advertising the first joint.2 medium of choice: only choose right, do not choose expensiveSelect the same media as wives, be sure to choose the right, so she can play on your career development help. Pay attention to the last selected object matched, although these words against the basic spirit of the marriage, but there are also some truth, a tramp daughter saw the chance of being president is not high. The affair is now so widespread and so the phenomenon of the high divorce rate, indicating that the current free and open social environment, is very particular about the optimal allocation of resources, not in an optimized state, the Department will move to adjust. Medium of choice is not allowed to cause a major cause of wasted advertising costs. We have to choose according to the media environment and media consumption environment, combined with their own reality, to choose their own media for delivery. And there are several angles to consider: First, from a business perspective to see the brand positioning, market coverage, marketing planning and product characteristics of the target audience. Second, look at the media from the media point of circulation, audience rate, the audience area, audience characteristics, characteristics of the media and communication costs. Third, look at competing products from the competitors put in perspective the media, time, layout, form, intensity and product market cycle stage and so on. Fourth, from a consumer point of view to see its media exposure habits, consumer psychology and habits. Then observe the results of these four dimensions, to find common links between the four leads, which can greatly reduce advertising waste.3 medium of communication: three-dimensional, multi-dimensionalMedia is not just television, newspapers, radio, magazines, outdoor, body, building, and the Internet that we have several common, in fact, our business and consumer products and a contact carrier of the sea, can be used as a medium to build, so thateach point of contact with consumers and consumers can become an effective medium of communication. Good packaging will speak, the media of the terminal, VI, BI, etc. are reflected multi-angle, multi-level concept to communicate with consumers and means. Human needs are multi-level, consumer perception is three-dimensional, consumer psychology is subtle complex, enterprise, product, brand and consumer point of contact should be three-dimensional multi-dimensional, and there may be spending every point who purchase Psychological and purchase behavior, including brand positioning, brand image, corporate power, corporate activities, corporate officers, corporate philosophy, products, advertising, product packaging, quality, performance, display, POP, gifts, terminals see see or not see the aspects of the impact on the purchasing power of consumers, from the psychological and behavioral treat each point as a communication medium for treatment. Marketing is a communication of knowledge, all communication touch points are the carrier, do a good job of establishing a good brand image and promote sales will have an impact.Therefore, only according to their business, investment in advertising costs reasonable in order to get the best return on revenue。

《专业英语》期末考试试题（开卷）1. Green Chemistry is the design, development, and implementation of chemical products and processes to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and the environment. Unlike regulatory requirements for pollution prevention, Green Chemistry is an innovative, non-regulatory, economically driven approach toward sustainability. Green Chemistry considers the entire life cycle of chemical processes as an opportunity for design innovation. Rather than regulatory restrictions for controlling hazards, Green Chemistry challenges innovators to design and utilize matter and energy in a way that increases per formance and value while protecting human health and the environment. （20 分）2. The unit operations are as applicable to many physical processes as to chemical ones. For example, the process used to manufacture common salt consists of the following sequence of the unit operations: transportation of solids and liquids, transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization, drying, and screening. No chemical reaction appears in these steps. On the other hand, the cracking of petroleum8, with or without the aid of a catalyst, is a typical-chemical reaction conducted on an enormous scale. Here the unit operations —transportation of fluids and solids, distillation, and various mechanical separations —are vital, and the cracking reaction could not be utilized without them. The chemical steps themselves are conducted by controlling the flow of material and energy to and from the reaction zone. （20分）3.Chemical engineering is above all based on the chemical sciences, such as physical chemistry, chemical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. In doing so, however, it does not simply copy their findings, but adapts them to bulk chemical processing. The principal objectives that set chemical engineering apart from chemistry as a pure science, is “to find the most economical route of operation and to design commercial equipment and accessories that suit it best of all”. Therefore, chemical engineering is inconceivable without close ties with economics, physics, mathematics, cybernetics, applied mechanics, and other technical sciences. （20分）4.The modern era of polymer science belongs to the chemical engineer. Over the years, polymer chemists have invented a wealth of novel macromolecules and polymers. Yet understanding how these molecules can be synthesized and processed to exhibit their maximum theoretical properties is still a frontier for research. Only recently has modern instrumentation been developed to help us understand the fundamental interactions of macromolecules with themselves, with particulate solids, with organic and inorganic fibers, and with other surfaces. Chemical engineers are using these tools to probe the microscale dynamics of macromolecules. Using the insight gained from these techniques, they are manipulating macromolecular interactions both to develop improved processes and to create new materials.（20分）5. Industrial waste treatment. The hazardous organic components in industrial wastewater could be destroyed with thermocatalytic or photocatalytic processes. A promising line of research employs “supercritical” water athigh temperatures and pressures. Under theseconditions, water exhibits very different chemical and physical properties. It dissolves reactions of many materials that are nearly inert under normal conditions. （20分）。