川大高分子考博91-98真题及答案.

2022年03月四川大学高分子科学与工程学院招聘5名专职博士后笔试历年高频考点试题库集锦答案解析全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！卷I一.单选题(共25题)1.十九大报告创造性地作出下述深刻的判断：“人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。

”这样一种崭新的时代特征，赋予了人民“美好生活”以丰富广泛、远近兼顾的多层面内容。

由此而言，“优先发展教育”是指：（）。

A.扩大就业机会B.增加创业机会C.教育就是最重要的民生D.实现人生价值答案：C本题解析：暂无解析2.我国的教育仲裁制度（）。

A.已经基本建立B.已经趋于完善C.已经较为完善D.尚在摸索之中答案：D本题解析：暂无解析3.江西真题：下列（）不是我国教育权法律救济体制中的制度的一种。

A.学生申诉制度B.行政复议制度C.行政诉讼制度D.司法调解制度答案：D本题解析：暂无解析4.高等学校实行教师聘任制应当遵循的原则是（）。

A.服从学校发展需要B.教师专业发展全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！C.学校规章制度确立D.双方平等自愿答案：D本题解析：暂无解析5.设立独立设置的学院，其全日制在校学生计划规模应为（）。

A.2000人以上B.3000人以上C.5000人以上D.7000人以上答案：B本题解析：暂无解析6.我国教育法的渊源指的是（）A.法律的历史渊源B.法律的理论渊源C.法律的效力渊源D.法律资料的来源答案：C本题解析：教育法的渊源是指教育法的形式渊源，即教育法律规范的效力来源。

7.党的十九大首次提出了（）战略。

A.城乡一体化B.实施乡村振兴战略C.社会主义新农村建设D.健康中国答案：B本题解析：暂无解析8.我国现行的学科门类分为（）类。

A.10B.11C.12D.13答案：B本题解析：我国学位学科门类分为哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、史学、理学、工学、农学、医学、军事学等11类。

9.学生对复查决定有异议的，在接到学校复查决定书之日起（）内，可以向学校所在地省级教育行政部全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！门提出书面申诉。

中科院化学所1999年博士生入学考试高分子物理试题1.阐述下列概念a 高分子链的立体结构b 支化度c θ溶剂和θ温度d 聚合物的玻璃化转变e 银纹现象f 分子量分布指数g 溶度参数h 聚合物基本的力学松弛现象 2.阐述高分子的聚集态结构所包含的content，以及表征这些结构的参数，测量这些参数的实验技术。

3.聚合物粘性流动的特点。

表征聚合物流动性的参数的定义及它们的测量方法。

4.画出典型玻璃态高聚物单轴拉伸的应力应变曲线，对其各特征加以讨论，并说出不同类型聚合物在应力应变曲线上的典型表现。

5.非均相多组分聚合物的织态结构，填充型共混聚合物的聚集态结构对性能的影响。

并举出材料实例。

中科院化学所1999年博士生入学考试高分子化学试题一、说明术语含义（2×10）1. 数均分子量2. 分子量分布3. 竞聚率4. Q-e 方程5. 链转移反应6. 阻聚剂7. 活性聚合8. 逐步聚合9. 嵌段共聚物 10. 凝胶点二、a ） 怎样合成下述聚合物（2×5）CH 2CH 2n1)n 2)2CH 2OCONHCH 3NHCOn3)O CON CC OOC C N O On 4)NHNH COOCOC C N OONHCOCH 2n5)b)写出下述反应生成的聚合物的化学结构（2×5）CH 2O +OHH +2)OCNCH 2NCO +HOCH 2CH 2OH△3)4)Cl 2Si(CH 3)2H 2O5)△H 2N H 2NNH 2NH 2+PhOOCCOOPh三、Ziegler-Natta 催化剂包括哪些主要组分？简述Z—N 聚合反应机理。

四、在一个由苯乙烯（M 1=3.0M ）和甲基丙烯酸（M 2=1.5M ）组成的共聚物体系中，如果用BPO 在60℃下引发聚合，求初始共聚物的组成（r 1=0.52,r 2=0.62）。

试讨论影响共聚物组成的因素和共聚物组成方程的应用范围。

五、MMA 在60℃下用BPO 引发进行溶液聚合反应。

2014年四川大学考博英语入学考试试题考生请注意：1．本试题共5大题，共12页，请考生注意检查，考试时间为180分钟。

2．1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。

3．翻译和作文请答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。

书写要求字迹清楚、工整。

I．Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant needto prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of productionor to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems the never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system form, a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maxima, production and consumption are ends in themselves, into a humanistindustrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.1. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to deliver the idea that man is ____.[A] a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible[B] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society[C] an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society[D] a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly2. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.[A] they are likely to lose their jobs[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence[D] they are deprived of their individuality and independence3. From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those____.[A] who are at the bottom of the society[B] who are higher up in their social status[C] who prove better than their fellow-competitors[D] who could dip fir away from this competitive world4. To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should ____.[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities[D] take the fundamental realities for granted5. The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ____.[A] approval [B] dissatisfaction[C] suspicion [D] susceptibilityPassage TwoThe government-run command post in Tunis is staffed around the clock by military personnel, meteorologists and civilians. On the wall are maps, crisscrossed with brightly colors arrows that painstakingly track the fearsome path of the enemy.What kind of invader gives rise to such high-level monitoring? Not man, not beast, but the lowly desert locust（蝗虫）. In recent moths, billions of the 3-inch-long winged warriors have descended on Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia, blackening the sky and eating up crops and vegetation. The insect invasion, the worst in 30 years, is already creating great destruction in the Middle East and is now treating southern Europe. The current crisis began in late 1985 near the Red Sea. Unusually rainy weather moistened the sands of the Sudan, making them ideal breeding grounds for the locust, which lays its eggs in the earth. The insect onslaught threatens to create yet another African famine. Each locust can eat its weight (not quite a tenth of an ounce) in vegetation every 24 hours. A good-size swarm of 50 billion insects eats up 100,000 tons of grass, trees and crops in a single night.All $150 million may be needed this year. The U.S. has provided two spraying planes and about 50,000 gal. of pesticide. The European Community has donated $3.8 million in aid and the Soviet Union, Canada, Japan and China have provided chemical-spraying aircraft to help wipe out the pests. But relief efforts are hampered by the relative mildness of approved pesticides, which quickly lose their deadly punch and require frequent replications. The most effective locust killer Dieldrin has been linked to cancer and is banned by many Western countries and some of the affected African nations. More than 5 million acres have been dusted with locust-killing chemicals; another 5 million will be treated by the end of June.On May 30, representatives of Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Mauritania will meet in Algiers to discuss tactics to wipe out the ravenous swarms. The move is an important step, but whatever plan is devised, the locust plague promised to get worse before the insects can be brought under control.6. The main idea of the first sentence in the passage is that ____.[A] the command post is stationed with people all the time.[B] the command post is crowded with people all the time.[C] there are clocks around the command post.[D] the clock in the command post is taken care of by the staff.7. The favorable breeding ground for the locust is ____.[A] rich soil.[B] wet land[C] spaces covered crops and vegetation[D] the Red Sea8. People are alert at the threat of the locust because ____.[A] the insects are likely to create another African famine.[B] the insects may blacken the sky.[C] the number of the insects increases drastically.[D] the insects are gathering and moving in great speed.9. Which of the following is true?[A] Once the pesticides are used, locust will die immediately.[B] Relief efforts are proved most fruitful due to the effectiveness of certain pesticides.[C] Dieldrin, the most effective locust killer, has been widely accepted in many countries.[D] Over 10 million acres of affected area will have been treated with locust-killingchemicals by the end of June.10. The purpose for affected nations to meet in Algiers on May 30 is ____.[A] to devise antilocust plans.[B] to wipe out the swarms in two years.[C] to call out for additional financial aid from other nations.[D] to bring the insects under control before the plague gets worse.Passage ThreeThe London 2012 sustainability watchdog embroiled in a row over the sports ship of the Olympic Stadium by Dow Chemical is to push the International Olympic Committee to appoint an “ethics champion” for future Games.The Commission for a Sustainable London 2012 has been bruised by criticism over Dow’s sponsorship of the wrap that will surround the Olympic stadium, particularly since commissioner Meredith Alexander last month resigned in protest.Campaigners believe that Dow has ongoing liabilities relating to the 1984 Bhopal disaster that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 20,000 people and the serious injury of tens of thousands more. Dow, which bought the owner of the plant in 2001, insists that all liabilities have been settled in full.Commission chairman Shaun McCarthy said that its tight sustainability remit did not extend to acting as moral guardian of the Olympic movement but that it would press for such a role to be created when evaluating sponsors for future Games.In addition to sponsoring the 7m pounds wrap that will surround the Olympic Stadium, Dow has a separate 100m dollars sponsorship deal with the IOC that was signed in 2010.But McCarthy also defended the commission’s role in evaluating the Dow deal, after Amnesty International wrote to London 2012 chairman Lord Coe to raise the issue.“What has been lost in all of this story is that a really excellent, sustainable product has been procured, we looked at Locog’s examination of Dow Chemical’s current corporate responsibility policies and, again, Dow achieved that highest score in that evaluation. We verified that.” said McCarthy.“As far as the history is concerned and issues around Bhopal, there is no doubt Bhopal was a terrible disaster and snore injustice was done to the victims. Who is responsible for that injustice is a matter for the courts and a matter for others. We have a specific remit and terms of reference that we operate under and we have operated diligently under those terms.”The commission will on Thursday release its annual review. It finds that “good press” has been made to wands many of Locog’s sustainability target, but that “major challenges” remain.In particular, the commission found that there was no coherent strategy to achieve a 20% reduction in carbon emissions after an earlier scheme to use renewable energy feel through when a wind turbine on the site proved impractical.“We had conversations with Locog over a year ago about this and said they had to demonstrate how they were going to achieve at least 20% carbon reductions through energy conservation if they’re not going to do it through renewable energy,”said McCarthy. “There are some good initiatives, but quite frankly they just haven’t done it.”11. Why was Dow’s sponsorship criticized according to the passage?[A] The products are not sustainable.[B] It was related to Bhopal disaster.[C] It bribed the London Olympic committee.[D] It can’t reduce 20% of the carbon emission.12. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?[A] Commission’s role[B] Commission’s achievements[C] Commission’s complaints[D] Commission’s defense13. Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “row” (Para.1)?[A] line [B] argument[C] boating [D] course14. What is one of the challenges of the sustainability target mentioned in the passage?[A] Ethic champion of the games.[B] Reduction in carbon emissions.[C] The wind turbine proved to be impractical.[D] Renewable energy is not available.15. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?[A] Commission defends its own role in evaluating controversial.[B] Dow’s way to the 2012 London Olympic Games.[C] Campaign against Dow’s sponsorship.[D] IOC’s review on the controversy.Passage FourAs Facebook dominates the news with its initial public offering, activists are seizing the moment to pressure the company to add some estrogen and ethnicity to its white-male board.A women’s rights group called Ultraviolet, which has been running an online petition that claims to have attracted more than 50,000 signatures, is escalating its push, posting a new YouTube video called “Do Women Have a Future at Facebook?”. The video shows photos of successful women such as Hillary Clinton getting their heads cropped off the replaced with the smiling face of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.“Facebook has grown off the backs of women, who make up the majority of its users and are responsible for the majority of sharing and fan activity on the site,” the group says in a blurb accompanying the video. An all-male board, the group says, is “not just wrong, it’s bad for business”. A related campaign, called Face It, criticizes the lack of ethnic diversity on the seven-member board. “seven white men: That’s ridiculous,” the group says on its homepage, along side headshots of the men. The campaign, which lists dozens of human-rights groups and corporate executives as supporters, also has its own YouTube video. Called “Face it, Facebook”, the video cites a recent Zuckerberg letter to investors that says:“Facebook was not originally created to be a company. It was built to accomplish a social mission-to make the world more open and connected.”That message is at odds with the pale-faced board, activists say. Susan Stautberg, co-chairwoman of Women Corporate Directors, an organization for female corporate board members, says Zuckerberg’s thinking is flawed. “If you’re trying to expand a company globally, then you want someone on the board who has built a global brand,” she says. “Most of these guys on Facebook’s board all have the same skills-they’re mostly from Silicon Valley and Washington. You want someone who has worked in China and India and rising markets. You want someone who has marketedto women. When you’re putting together a board, you don’t want your best friends, you want the best people.”Having zero female directors does not appear to be a good business plan, research shows. Companies with women on the board perform substantially better than companies with all-mall boards, according to a 2011 study of Fortune 500 companies conducted by the research group Catalyst. The study showed that over the course of four to five years, companies with three or more female board members, on average, outperformed companies with no female board members by 84 percent when it came to return on sales and by 60 percent when it came to return on invested capital.Facebook may secretly be on the lookout for a female board member, according to a recent Bloomberg report. Citing unnamed sources, Bloomberg said Facebook had enlisted the corporate-recruitment firm Spencer Stuart to help seek some diversity. Spencer Stuary says it does not comment on clients due to confidentiality agreements.16. Which of the following descriptions is CORRECT about the Ultraviolet Group?[A] It is a non-government organization.[B] It is appealing for “more female roles in big corporations like Facebook” throughthe Internet.[C] It has the support of many female celebrities such as Hillary Clinton.[D] It is getting more and more support from the society.17. Which of the following descriptions is INCORRECT about the campaign “Face It”?[A] It pointed out the irrational composition of Facebook’s board of directors.[B] The campaign has plenty of human-rights supporters.[C] It indicated the original objective of Zuckerberg’s establishment of Facebook.[D] It is constantly using other media devices to support Facebook.18. The underlined phrase “at odds with” in the fourth paragraph has the closest meaning of ____.[A] against all odds [B] supported by[C] disagree with [D] waifs and strays19. According to Susan Stauberg, a well-performed business should _____.[A] have a complex system of management.[B] possess the most market globally.[C] have your best and close friends as your board members.[D] have a diverse board member in which everyone has his/her own specialtiesand can contribute different skills into the corporation.20. What will probably happen to Facebook?[A] The corporation will turn to Spencer Stuart for recruiting more female board members.[B] The corporation will dominate the news because its worldwide popularity.[C] The corporation will gradually lose its users because it does not have femaleboard members.[D] None of the above.Passage FiveFor this generation of young people, the future looks bleak. Only one in six is working full time. Three out of five live with their parents or other relatives. A large majority-73 percent-think they need more education to find a successful career, but only half of those say they will definitely enroll in the next few years. No, they are not the idle youth of Greece or Spain or Egypt. They are the youth of America, the world’s richest country, who do not have college degrees and aren’t getting them anytime soon. Whatever the sob stories about recent college graduates spinning their wheels as baristas or clerks, the situation for their less-educated peers is far worse. For this group, finding work that pays a living wage and offers some sense of security has been elusive.Despite the continuing national conversation about whether college is worth it given the debt burden it entails, most high school graduates without college degrees said they believe they would be unable to get good jobs without more education.Getting it is challenging, though, and not only because of formidable debt levels. Ms. McClour and her husband, Andy, have two daughters under 3 and another due next month. She said she tried enrolling in college classes, but the workload became too stressful with such young children. Mr. McClour works at a gas station. He hates his work and wants to study phlebotomy, but the nearest school is an hour and half away.Many of these young people had been expecting to go to college since they started high school, perhaps anticipating that employers would demand skills high schools do not teach. Just one in ten high school graduates without college degrees said they were “extremely well prepared by their high school to succeed in their job after graduation.” These young people worried about getting left behind and were pessimistic about reaching some of the milestones that make up the American dream. More than half-56 percent-of high school graduates without college diplomas said that their generation would have less financial success than their parents. About the same share believed they would find work that offered health insurance within that time frame. Slightly less than half of respondents said the next few years would bring work with good job security or a job with earnings that were high “enough to lead a comfortable life”. They were similarly pessimistic about being able to start a family or buy a home.The online survey was conducted between March 21 and April 2, and covered a nationally representative survey of 544 high school graduates from the classes of 2006-11 who did not have bachelor’s degrees. The margin of sampling error wasplus or minus 5 percentage points.21. What does the underlined phrase “spinning their wheels” mean in Paragraph 1?[A] fastening the pace [B] confusing the situation[C] asking for help [D] scooting out22. What will the high school graduates probably do according to the article?[A] Find jobs right after graduation.[B] Receive further study in college.[C] Go to join the national conversation.[D] Pay for the debt.23. What does the story of “Andy and Ms. McClour” try to inform us?[A] They both prefer making money to education.[B] Colleges do not accept students who are married and have children.[C] Although people are eager to join in the college, life burden may block in the way.[D] None of the above.24. What is the financial outlook for this generation compared with their parents?[A] They have a prosperous outlook compared with the last generation.[B] Their financial situation is not as successful as their parents.[C] It depends on how hard they work and their educational background.[D] Not mentioned in the article.25. What can we infer from the last sentence?[A] The online survey is done nationally.[B] The result of the survey is completely trustworthy.[C] There is more or less inaccuracy of the survey.[D] The survey will have a continuous part coming soon.Passage SixSome 60 years ago, George Orwell wrote an allegorical novel, called Nineteen Eighty-Four, to describe life in a futuristic Britain under a one party police-sate presided over by an all-powerful figure known as Big Brother. One of the fealures of the nasty world described by Orwell was its systematic misuse of language, which went by the name of “Newspeak”. By re-defining words and endlessly repeating them, the Ministry of Truth through the Thought Police was able to control what people thought, and through that, their actions. Language was instrumental in destroying the culture.The same technique is being used by different people today, with similar effects. In all areas of public administration, the words “spouse”, “husband” and “wife” have been replace by the word “partner”, although the words are subtly but substantially different in meaning, and convey different realities. In some schools and university departments, feminist ideologues have dictated that the personal pronoun “he” must not be used, and is replaced by the word “they”, which means something different. The word “homophobic”, which just a few years ago was used to describe a person who supported vigilante action against homosexuals, is now being used to describe anyone who defends the universal definition of marriage.Although the transformation of language is seen most obviously around social issues, it is also being used systematically to shape political debate. So, we are told that the federal government is introducing a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme, which is newspeak for its new carbon tax. The fact is that the new tax is not remotely concerned with “carbon pollution” at all, but rather with emissions of the gas CO2 which is not a pollutant by any credible definition, but rather, an essential building block in every cell in every living plant and creature. By the government’s own admission, it will not lead to any reduction in CO2 levels, either in Australia or globally. And the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme is being introduced in Australia at the same time the government is expanding exports of coal, which is virtually 100 percent carbon, to countries such as China.We live in a society in which the ordinary meaning of words is being systematically manipulated by spin-doctors and ideologues, as a means of changing the way people think, and, more fundamentally, the way they act. Language is an important part of the culture wars. For those of us who see this as a challenge to the foundations of society, it is important that we identify the problem and expose it.It is clearly preferable to avoid using the new debased, transformed language of the politically-correct left, although this can be difficult in situations where constant usage has already normalized it, as has happened with the term “same-sex marriage”. The alternative phrase, “same-sex unions”, has a different meaning. When such terms are used, they should be identified for what they are: a form of linguistic dishonesty, designed to undermine existing institutions and transform them.26. Which of the following descriptions is INCORRECT about George Orwell’s allegorical novel Nineteen Eighty-Four?[A] It describes a story that happens in the future.[B] One of the features in the novel is the misuse of language.[C] It is the most famous detective novel in the world.[D] It was written in the 20th century.27. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of misuse of language?[A] Feminists insist “he” be replaced by “they”.[B] “Partner” has taken the place of “husband” and “wife”.[C] “Homophobic” is now being employed to refer to defend conventionalunderstanding of marriage.[D] The meaning of “literacy” is no longer restricted to the ability to read and write.28. The example of carbon pollution is used to illustrate _______.[A] transformation of language is usually seen in social issues.[B] transformation of language is also tracked in political debate.[C] transformation of language is generated in the age of information.[D] transformation of language is legitimate to a certain extent.29. The underlined word “credible” in Para. 3 means ______.[A] reliable [B] correct[C] beneficial [D] provable30. According to the passage, transformed language serves to _______.[A] make people sound fashionable[B] change the way people think and act[C] eliminate discrimination against minorities[D] None of the aboveII. Vocabulary (10%; 0.5 mark each)31. The town was flooded when the river burst its banks. To make it worse, thestorm _____ outside.[A] raided [B]ragged [C] raged [D]reaped32. My new laptop can _____ information much more quickly than my old computer.[A] proceed [B] precede [C] produce [D] process33. The country’s failure to abide by the Kyoto Protocol was _____ in all newspapers.[A] announced [B] denounced [C] renounced [D] trounced34. The company has _____ over three decades into a multi-million dollar organization.[A] evolved [B] revolved [C] involved [D] devolved35. We would like to _____ our customers of the best possible service.[A] assure [B] ensure [C] insure [D] ensue36. The government has promised to offer 10 million of emergency food aid to help______ the famine in this region.[A] release [B] relate [C] reveal [D]relieve37. The course _____ two years’ training into six intensive months.[A] impresses [B] compresses [C] depresses [D] represses38. Make sure you pour the juice into the glass without _____ it.[A] splitting [B] spilling [C] spinning [D] spitting39. The vast majority of people in any culture _____ to the established standard of that culture.[A] confine [B] conform [C] confront [D] confirm40. Tom pointed out that the living standard of urban and _____ people continued to improve.[A] remote [B] municipal [C] rural [D] provincial41. The Egyptians _____ an area almost equal to France and Spain combined.[A] dwell [B] settle [C] reside [D] inhabit42. I’m going to have to take these clothes off, for I’m _____ to the skin![A] dipped [B] soaked [C] immersed [D] submerged43. The WHO has to come up with new and effective measures to _____ his nextmove in the game.[A] limit [B] cut [C] curb [D] keep44. My grandfather sat back in his chair for a few minutes to _____ his next move in the game.[A] think [B] ponder [C] reflect [D] dwell45. At this school we aim to _____ the minds of all the students by reading.[A] cultivate [B] instruct [C] teach [D] coach46. Most doctors _____ on a diet which contains a lot of fat.[A] criticize [B] object [C] oppose [D] frown47. Since you intend to sell your house, how will you _____ of all the furniture?[A] disapprove [B] discard [C] dispose [D] disregard48. The politicians were discussing the best way to _____ democracy and prosperityin their country.[A] hinder [B] foster [C] linger [D] quote49. Only one member of the committee _____ from the final report.[A] dissented [B] crawled [C] whispered [D] redeemed50. We always try to _____ him with financial assistance if necessary.[A] dazzle [B] sanction [C] accommodate [D] terminateIII. Cloze (10%; 0.5 mark each)The term “quality of life” is difficult to define. It (51) a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. (52) speaking, the quality of life, especially (53) seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree (54) which these various areas of life are available or provide (55) for the individual.As activity carried (56) as one thinks fit during on e’s spare time, leisure has the following (57): relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one’s job and one’s life style. (58), people who need to (59) much energy in their work will find relaxation most (60) in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may (61) more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g.(62) of skills and hobbies) in leisure.The specific use of leisure (63) from individual to individual. (64) the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a (65) leisure activity, a change of experience to provide (66) from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one’s environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by (67) other people’s life experiences as (68) in the programs.Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take (69) his interests and preferences and get (70) in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.51. [A] composes [B] consists [C] covers [D] constitutes52. [A] Basically [B] Frankly [C] Primarily [D] Generally53. [A] when [B] as [C] while [D] which54. [A] to [B] as [C] of [D] in55. [A] satisfaction [B] information [C] respect [D] admiration56. [A] out [B] through [C] away [D] off。

四川大学高分子国家重点实验室复试（共200分）一、硕士研究生复试笔试题库（共100分）A、请选择合适的单体合成下列高聚物，并指明其聚合机理及反应类型。

（5×3分，必做题）①、涤纶（PET）树脂；②、GPC用样标PS；③、ABS树脂；④、001型离子交换树脂；⑤、维尼纶纤维；⑥、丁基橡胶；⑦、PS+PET二嵌均共聚物；⑧、聚 甲基苯乙烯；⑨、PA66；B、选择题（2分×5，必做题）⑴.下列单体的聚合反应中可以不发生凝胶效应的是（）A、乙烯B、a甲基苯乙烯C、苯乙烯D、a甲基丙烯酸甲酯⑵.以下实施的聚合方法中，其产物最为纯净的是（）A、本体聚合B、溶液聚合C、悬浮聚合D、乳液聚合⑶.在乳液聚合反应中，选择的聚合温度T应该（）A、T＞T三相平衡，T＜T浊点；B、T＞T三相平衡，T＞T浊点；C、T＜T三相平衡，T＜T浊点；D、T＜T三相平衡，T＞T浊点；⑷就聚合反应温度而言，通常情况下聚合反应温度最低的是（）A、自由基聚合B、阳离子聚合C、阴离子聚合D、配位聚合⑸从聚合机理的角度，自由基聚合与乳液聚合最大的不同在于（）A、前、中期B、前、后期C、中、后期D、聚合速率和分子量的变化⑹众所周知，高聚物是具有不同分子质量同系物的混合物，其中最大的是（）A、 MNB、MWC、MήD、MZ⑺一般而言,聚合物要想加工成型制品必须在( )温度范围内来实现;A、Tb~TmB、Tg~TfC、Tf~TdD、Tg~ Tm⑻PE由于分子链规整，对称性好，有较好的结晶能力，下列那种方法不能用于测定PE的结晶度Xc（）A、密度法B、超速离心沉降C、NMRD、X射线衍射⑼PVC的分解温度低于其熔体的粘流温度，为便于加工，通常应（）A、加入增塑剂，同时加入稳定剂；B、加入惰性填料，不加稳定剂；B、加入惰性填料、同时加入稳定剂；D、加入增塑剂提高其刚性；⑽农用PVC薄膜产生“鱼眼”的主要原因是（）A、加工温度B、加工压力C、口模成型长度D、分子量分布不均⑾下列高聚物中在室温下无恰当溶剂的是（）A、 PEB、配位PSC、PETD、PA66⑿以下论述中不属于基本交联理论的是（）A、聚合反应与交联反应同时进行型；B、天然或合成高分子聚合物通过外加小分子交联剂交联型；C、低分子预聚物与小分子化合物作用交联型；D、齐聚物在未加工阶段的交联型；⒀在体型缩聚反应中，有Pf＜P0＜Pc，因此实际生产中应选择（）凝胶点来进行估算，以便于加工成型。

四川大学期末考试试题（2003——2004 下学期）课程号：课序号：课程名称：高分子化学任课教师：成绩：一、名词解释（10分）高分子化合物凝胶化过程和凝胶点动力学链长竞聚率橡胶的硫化二、写出聚合反应式（10分）维尼纶涤纶尼龙610聚碳酸酯三、填空（50分）1．聚合物平均分子量的表征方式包括，，，。

2．体型缩聚反应的三种凝胶点（Flory 凝胶点、Carothers 凝胶点和实测凝胶点）的大小顺为。

3．线型平衡缩聚反应的副反应包括。

4．在缩聚反应动力学实验过程中通入氮气的作用包括。

5．能够使聚合物的聚合度增加的化学反应包括。

6．由二元羧酸与二元醇合成聚酯的缩聚反应中，如果外加强酸催化剂，则属于级动力学过程；如果未外加强酸催化剂，则属于级动力学过程；7．等摩尔配比的对苯二甲酸与乙二醇在280℃进行封管聚合，该反应的平衡常数为9，该反应能够达到的最高反应程度和聚合度分别为和。

8．最常用的自由基聚合反应引发剂包括几大类。

9．聚氯乙烯聚合度的近似公式为，工业上控制其聚合度和聚合反应速度的方法分别是和。

10．在自由基聚合反应中，升高温度将使聚合反应速度，同时导致聚合度。

11．决定悬浮聚合产物颗粒大小的主要因素包括。

12．对高分子材料进行改性的方法包括。

13．单体M1和M2进行共聚，已知k12 == 2.9，k21 == 230000，试比较：试卷A 答案及评分细则一、10分，每小题2分1、若干重复单元（或单体或结构单元）通过共价键连接起来，构成分子量大的一类化合物。

主要之点：“分子量大”2、体型缩聚进行到一定程度，突然出现粘度增大而不能流动的凝胶，这一过程叫凝胶化过程，出现凝胶时的反应程度，叫凝胶点 主要之点：“突然出现粘度增大而不能流动”3、i p RR v /=只要符合这个表述式的叙述都是对的4、1211/kk r = 凡是符合这个表达式的叙述都正确 5、橡胶分子间形成共价键的过程 关键在于“分子间成键”，这个概念也可以从性能角度解释。

四川大学2000年攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题考试题目：高分子化学及物理考试代号：545#适用专业：高分子化学与物理研究方向：本专业各方向（试题共2页）高分子物理部分（共50分）一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）1、构型与构象2、自由结合链3、溶度参数4、介电损耗5、玻璃化转变二、在Flory稀溶液理论中，过量化学为△μE产生的根本原因有哪些？θ溶液是理想溶液吗？为什么？（6分）三、试简述共混高聚物聚集态结构的主要特点。

如何提高聚苯乙烯的抗冲击强度而又不对其使用温度造成较大的不利影响？为什么？（7分）四、试分别画出在单轴拉伸情况下，玻璃态聚合物和结晶态聚合物发生屈服，并发展大形变条件下典型的应力-应变曲线，这两种大形变的本质是什么？这两类聚合物的拉伸有何共同特点和区别？（8分）五、根据加工条件对高聚物熔体剪切粘度的影响，在聚乙烯和聚碳酸酯的成型加工中，应分别采取何种加工条件以降低它们的加工粘度？为什么？（6分）六、什么是力学损耗？为什么在交变应力的作用下，高聚物会产生内耗？为什么在相同的外界条件下，丁腈橡胶的内耗大于顺丁橡胶？（8分）第1页四川大学2001年攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题考试题目：高分子化学及物理考试代号：545#适用专业：高分子化学与物理（试题共2页）（请将试题附在考卷内交回）高分子化学部分（共50分）一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）1、凝胶点2、动力学链长3、竞聚率4、阻聚剂5、计量聚合二、简要回答下列问题（每小题6分，共18分）1、氯乙烯悬浮聚合控制分子量的主要措施是什么？说明原因2、在Ziegler-Natta催化聚合过程中，为什么对单体和溶剂的纯度有严格要求？3、乳液聚合的典型配方由哪四部分组成？其中乳化剂的作用使什么？三、有下列单体，已知其Q、e值，现用1,3-丁二烯分别与它们进行自由基共聚合反应。

单体Q e丁二烯 2.39 -1.05 甲基丙烯酸甲酯0.74 0.40丙烯腈0.60 1.20丙烯酸甲酯0.42 0.60醋酸乙烯酯0.026 -0.22马来酸酐0.32 2.251、排出它们进行交替共聚倾向大小的顺序。

第一章 绪论思考题：5. 写出下列单体的聚合反应式，以及单体、聚合物名称a 、b 、c 、d 、e 、CH2CHFCH 2CHFn CH 2CH n氟乙烯聚氟乙烯CH 2C(CH 3)2CH 2C(CH 3)2CH 2C CH 3CH 3n n异丁烯 聚异丁烯H O(CH 2)5COO HHO(CH 2)5COOHO(CH 2)5Cnn +nH 2Oώ-羟基己酸聚己内酯CH 2CH 2CH 2OCH 2CH 2CH 2OCH 2CH 2CH 2Onn 丁氧环聚（氧化三亚甲基）（聚亚丙基醚）NH 2(CH 2)6NH 2+HOOC(CH 2)4COOHNH 2(CH 2)6NH 2+HOOC(CH 2)4COOHn n NH(CH 2)6NHCO(CH 2)4CHOHOHn+H 2O(2n-1)己二胺+己二酸聚己二酰己二胺6、按分子式写出聚合物和单体名称以及聚合反应式，说明属于加聚、缩聚还是开环聚合，连锁聚合还是逐步聚合。

a 、聚异丁烯；单体：异丁烯；加聚；连锁聚合。

b 、聚己二酰己二胺（尼龙-66），单体：己二酸和己二胺，缩聚；逐步聚合。

c 、聚己内酰胺（尼龙6），单体：己内酰胺；开环聚合；逐步聚合。

d 、聚异戊二烯（天然橡胶），单体：异戊二烯；加聚；连锁聚合。

7、写出下列聚合物的单体分子式和常用的聚合反应式：聚丙烯腈、天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶、聚甲醛、聚苯醚、聚四氟乙烯、聚二甲基硅氧烷CN(1)nCH 22CHnnC CH 3CH 2C CH CH 23CH (2)nCH2n(3)nCH 2CH CH 2CH CH 2CH CH 2+n CH 2CH 2CHCH nCH 2(4)nHCHO On (5)2nCH 3CH 3CH 3CH3OH +n/2O 2O +nH 2O n(6)nCF 2CF 22CF 2n (7)nCl Si CH 3CH 3Si CH 3CH 3Cl +nH 2OO +2nHCln(8)nHO(CH 2)2OH+nOCN(CH 2)6NCO O(CH 2)2OC NH(CH 2)6NH CO O计算题：2、等质量的聚合物A 和聚合物B 共混，计算共混物的Mn 和Mw 。