1月全国自考高级英语试题及答案解析

全国2018年 1 月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题课程代码：00603I .Supply the missing topic sentence in the underlined part of each of the following paragraphs.20%1. _____________________ . People in life are like runers in a hurdle race. They have to overcome difficulties as the runners have to jump over the hurdles on the track. Some runners can not pass hurdles.They fall to the ground and lose the race. It is also true of people in life.People may be defeated by difficulties and setbacks and become losers too. How they react to failure and what attitudes they adopt determine their meaning of life.2. .Dogs are particularly valuable in guiding the blind, protecting property, finding lost people, and hunting criminals. Horses are used in guarding herds, carrying men in lands where there are no roads, and helping farmers work their land. Pigeons have long been used to carry messages. Wild animals from the jungles, forests and seas are very popular performers in circuses and moving pictures.3. ______________________________________ .Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’ s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers ’ money.4. .The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1870 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching western lines.n . Write an outline.20%Read the following passage carefully and then write a “ sentence outline ” or a “ topic outline ” for it.Ice Cream1The history of ice cream is a mystery. No one knows exactly how and when people began to eat it. There is one story that the Roman Emperor Nero(A.D.37-68) sent slaves to the mountains to bring back snow. The snow was served to him sweetened with honey and fruit pulp. Marco Polo(1254-1324) tasted flavored ices, too, during his famous travels in the Far East. He brought the recipes back to Italy.Recipes for ices spread from Italy to the rest of Europe in the 1500’ s. the chefs of kings constantly experimented with new combinations to please their masters, and at some point cream and butter were added to the recipes for ices. The new dish was called cream ice. Cream ice,molded into amusing shapes, began to be served on the tables of kings across Europe. Louis XII(1638-1715) surprised his court with a dessert of eggs in cups of silver and gilt. The eggs, of course, were really cream ice.Gradually cream ice took the name it has today. One of the earliest advertisements for ice cream was put in a New York paper in 1786. The ad announced that “ Ladies and gentlemen may be supplied with ice cream every day at the City Tavern by their humble servant, Joseph Crowe. ” But ice cream was still not an everyday event. It was usually presented in fancy shapes at the end of dinner parties. Dolley Madison (1768-1849) was famous for her imaginative dinners, and she was the first to serve ice cream at the White House. When her guests came into the dining room, they found a table covered with delicious dishes, and in the center of the table, a huge mound of pink ice cream on a silver platter.Ice cream was such a delicacy because it was so hard to make. At first it was beaten and then shaken by hand in a pan of salt and ice until it became firm. A freezer that was cranked by hand was developed around 1846. Making ice cream was still a chore, but cranking the freezer was much easier and faster than shaking the mixture in a pan.“ Ice-cream socials ” became a popular way to entertain friends. Everyone helped turn the crank of the freezer, and homemade peach or strawberry ice cream was the reward. The development of the continuous freezer in the 1920 ’s made the manufacture of ice cream very quick and economical. It soon was easier to buy packaged ice cream than to make it at home. Eskimo pies and Popsicles began to be sold at the same time.Possibly ice-cream cones began with the World ’s Fair in 1893. V endors there sold Fried Ice Cream. The ice cream was covered with a fritter batter and then quickly dipped in very hot lard or olive oil. Putting the ice cream in an already prepared cone was the next step. Today there aremany novelty products, from frozen drumsticks to ice-cream pies.in .Composition 60%Some university students want to live in a room alone. Others prefer having roommates.2Which do you like better, living alone or living with roommates? Write an essay, with specific examples, of about 300 words to support your answer.3。

全国2018年1月自考综合英语(二)试卷课程代码：00795请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I．语法、词汇。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。

（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer．(15 points)1. We love peace，but we don’t yield _____any military threat.A. upB. toC. inD. at2. Do you know why Bill didn’t _____at the meeting yesterday evening?A. show offB. show downC. show upD. show in3. When the boss retired，his daughter _____his business.A. took upB. took overC. took onD. took out4. Only residents here call enjoy the _____of using this parking lot.A. privilegeB. possibilityC. favorD. right5. The new students should try their best to _____to the new school environment.A. adoptB. adaptC. adeptD. apt6. Only that young girl _____the car accident.A. survived afterB. survived throughC. were survivedD. survived7. There is no _____to the garden from the main road.A. avenueB. exposure1C. edgeD. access8. Every girl should _____the temptation to buy clothes which they could not afford.A. challengeB. resistC. contradictedD. obstructed9. There were many people in the zoo but the little leopard just appeared a few minutes，so they only caughta ____of it.A. glimpseB. glanceC. lookD. sight10. The skirt had been so ______in packing that the shop-assistant had to iron it before selling it out.A. fadedB. tornC. dirtyD. crumpled11. Several TV programs in CCTV have been changed and _____ of them.A. so the hosts haveB. the hosts have soC. so have the hostsD. have the hosts so12. The thief was arrested by the policemen ______.A. at the spotB. on the spotC. for the spotD. in the spot13. The children, ______, were allowed to leave the table.A. to eat their fillB. had eaten the fillC. having eaten their fillD. have been eaten their fill14. I wish I ______ how to repair this tape-recorder. If I did, I _____to turn to him for help.A. know, wouldn’t haveB. knew, would haveC. knew, wouldn’t haveD. know, would have15. The government has imposed a fine _______ illegal parking.A. forB. overC. onD. toII. 完形填空。

全国1月自学考试综合英语（一）试题（2）II.阅读理解。

认真阅读下列两篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题，根据短文的内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在“答题纸”上将所选答案的字母涂黑。

错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

(本大题共1 0小题，每小题2分，共20分)Passage OneThe Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 1666. In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives.The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King’s baker(面包师) in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery (面包房) into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the eginning.By eight o’clock three hundred houses were on fire. On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames. Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St Paul’s and the Guildhall were among them.Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire. People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat.The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the paths of the fire. With nothing left to burn , the fire became weak and finally died out.After the fire, Christopher Wren ,the architect , wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone. In fact, the streets are still narrow, but he did build more than fifty churches, and the new St Paul’s is among them.The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London wasa better place : a city for the future and not just of the past.21. The fire began in ____.A. a hotelB. the palaceC. Pudding LaneD. Thames Street22. The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means _____.A. homeB. childrenC. wife and husbandD. wife and children23. It seems that the writer of the text was most sorry for the fact that______.A. some people lost their livesB. the birds in the sky were killed by the fireC. many famous buildings were destroyedD. the King’s bakery was burned down24. Why did the writer cite (引用)Samuel Pepys ?A. Because Pepys was among those putting out the fire.B. Because Pepys also wrote about the fire.C. To show that poor people suffered most.D. To give the reader a clearer picture of the fire.25. How was the fire put out according to the text?A. The King and his soldiers came to help.B. All the wooden houses in the city were destroyed.C. People managed to get enough water from the river.D. Houses standing in the direction of the fire were pulled down.Passage TwoMany people who work in London prefer to live outside of it and to go into their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening.One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one’s own.Then, in the country one can rest from the noise and hurry of the town. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings. One can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one’s fr ee time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has the reward( 回报,奖赏) of one who has shared the secret of Nature.Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional (偶尔的) walk in one of the parks and a fortnight’s (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.26. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. People who like country things prefer to live outside the city.B. People who work in London prefer to live in the country.C. Because of certain disadvantages of living outside London, some people who work in London prefer to live inside London.D. Because of certain advantages of living outside London, many people who work in London prefer to live outside London.27. One can use the same money for _____ to buy a little house with a garden in the country.A. getting a small flat with a gardenB. having a small flat with a gardenC. renting a small flat without a gardenD. buying a small flat without a garden28. When the flowers and vegetables in the garden come up, those ____ have the reward of one who has shared the secret of Nature.A. who live in the countryB. who have spent time working in the gardenC. who have a garden of their ownD. who have been digging, planting and watering29.People who think happiness lies in the town would feel that ____ if they had to live it outside London.A. their life was meaninglessB. their life was invaluableC. they didn’tdeserve a happy lifeD. they were not worthy of their happy life30. The underlined word “rest” in the last paragraph refers to _____.A. the rest timeB. the rest peopleC. the rest of the countryD. the rest of the parks and of the sea。

1月全国自考高级英语试题及答案解析…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………2018年1月自考全国高级英语试题课程代码：00600请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答（英译汉题目除外）Ⅰ. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words orexpressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentencesand write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression foreach blank only. (12 points, 0.5 point for each)Many doctors working on the battlefield of terminal suffering think that only squeamishness demands a 1 difference between passive and active euthanasia on request. Their 2 for killing goes like this: one of a doctor's 3 is to prevent suffering; sometimes that is all thereis left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it. There is nothing new in this view. When Hippocrates 4 his oath for doctors, which explicitly rules 5 active killing, most other Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his 6 .The women's magazines are about one third 7 to clothes, one third to mild comment 8 sex,and the 9 third to recipes and pictures of handsome salads, desserts, and main 10 .“Institutes”exist to experiment and tell housewives how to cook attractive meals and how to turn leftovers into 11 of art. Thefood thus pictured looks 12 famous paintings of still life.The only trouble is it's tasteless.One of the greatest and most 13 criticisms of television has been that in 14 to thelargest audience possible, it neglects minority audiences and minority tastes. This is still 15 true.But there is, perhaps, one program a day and many, of course, on Sunday which an intelligent manor woman can enjoy and 16 interest from. In my trips east or west or north or south, I pickup the 17 paper to find this enjoyment or interest—18 vain.American individualism, on the 19 of it an admirable philosophy, wishes to manifest itselfin independence of the community. You don't share things in20 ; you have your own things.A family's strength is signalized by its possessions. Herein lies a 21 . For the desire for possessions must eventually mean dependence on possessions. Freedom is slavery. Once let the 22 instinct burgeon, and there are ruggedly individual forces 23 too ready to makeit come to full and monstrous 24 . New appetites are invented; what to the European arebizarre luxuries become, to the American, plain necessities.1…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………II. In this section, there are fifteen sentences taken from the textbooks with a blank in each,followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X.Choose the one that best completeseach of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word orexpression for each blank only. (15 points, 1 point for each )25. More than any other generation, our generation views the adult world with great ______.There is also an increased tendency to reject completely the world.26. The need for laws on euthanasia cannot be ______ for much longer.27. He stood in front of us for a moment and then ______ us to go into the living room.28. My imagination boggled at the punishment I would ______ if in fact I did abuse a book of Mrs. Flowers'. Death would be too kind and brief.29. The odds seemed to move toward Chavel with a dreadful ______: nine to one, eight to one:they were like a pointing finger.30. Writing a book is a horrible, ______ struggle, like a long bout of some painful illness.31. We are asking for the support of all sections of the peace movement because we do not feelthat this is a time to be ______.32. I ______ at several schools and was accepted everywhere. Harvard offered more financial assistance.33. On the days when I'm especially melancholy, I began constructing tables of organization ...______ people in the company on the basis of envy, hope, fear, ambition, frustration, rivalry,hatred, or disappointment.34. No sooner did his car touch the boulevard heading home than Ace ______ on the radio.35. I was convinced that some ______ changes had been wrought for all Negroes, not just those inthe ghetto.36. In Australia, where people are few and rabbits are many,I watched a whole populacesatisfying the primitive ______ in the primitive manner by the skilful slaughter of manythousands of rabbits.37. If we regard activity as being in itself a good, then we must count all snobberies as good; forall ______ activity.38. I ask the reader to note that I, an Englishman who no longer lives in England and can't spendmore than six months at a ______ in any other European country, home to America as to acountry more stimulating than depressing.39. Strangely enough, the salesmen react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervisionto which they are ______.Ⅲ. Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions. Choose the2…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your AnswerSheet. (15 points, 1 point for each)40. Justice to all, regardless of race, sect or class, is the ______ right and the inescapableobligation of all.A. inalienableB. unbelievable41. My uncle remained ______ of stories about flying saucers.A. incredibleB. incredulous42. Although the main characters in the novel are so true to life, they are ______.A. imaginaryB. imaginative43. In spite of the financial crisis, the manager will pay the bonus ______ the job is completed on time.A. unlessB. provided44. The adverse criticism the book received didn't ______ the author one way or another.A. affectB. effect45. It is a ______ fact that when we grow older, we tend to become weaker and weaker.A. regretfulB. regrettable46. The ______ of a full stop at the end of the sentence is a deliberate act by the writer.A. exclusionB. omission47. He ______ the rope with both hands and pulled it with all his strength.A. graspedB. grabbed48. The leaflet was written in jargon that would have been totally ______ to anyone outside the profession.A. incomprehensiveB. incomprehensible49. After driving for so long on the gravel I was glad to get on an ______ stretch of road.A. evenB. equal50. Many of the more ______ forms of cancer can be treated successfully if detected early.A. commonB. ordinary51. Even a ______ translation is not always faithful to the original.A. literalB. literary52. She asks him to remember her, and he replies that he is more ______ to forget anything else.A. ableB. apt53. The experts disliked the acting but enjoyed the play ______.A. as a wholeB. on the whole54. How can you be so ______ to the sufferings of these children?A. indifferentialB. indifferentRead the following passage carefully and complete thesucceeding three items Ⅳ, V and Ⅵ.(1) Freedom's challenge in the Atomic Age is a sobering topic. We are facing today a strange newworld and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it. What are we going to do withone of our most precious possessions, freedom? The world we know, our Western world,began with something as new as the conquest of space.(2) Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. Therewere great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt, Babylon, Nineveh,3…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………were all tyrannies, one immensely powerful man ruling over helpless masses. In Greece, inAthens, a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses, and a time came whenthe Athenians were led by a great man who did not want to be powerful. Absolute obedience tothe ruler was what the leaders of the empires insisted on. Athens said no, there must never beabsolute obedience to a man except in war. There must be willing obedience to what is goodfor all. Pericles, the great Athenian statesman, said: “We are a free government, but we obeythe laws, more especially those which protect the oppressed, and the unwritten laws which, if broken, bring shame.”(3) Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which theythemselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pityand the many qualities without which life would be intolerable except to a hermit in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man wasfree if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. Theywere saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible forthe welfare of Athens, not because it was imposed on him from the outside, but because thecity was his pride and his safety. The creed of the first free government in the world wasliberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.This was the conception that underlay the lofty reach of Greek genius.(4) But discovering freedom is not like discovering atomic bombs. It cannot be discovered oncefor all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will depart. Eternal vigilance is its price.Athens changed. It was a change that took place unnoticed though it was of the utmostimportance, a spiritual change which penetrated the whole state. It had been the Athenians'pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never enteredtheir minds. There had to be a complete change of attitudebefore they could look at the city asan employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to theirstate, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which wouldprovide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the foremost object, ideas of freedom andself-reliance and responsibility were obscured to the point of disappearing. Athens was moreand more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizenshad a right to share.(5) She reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden ofself-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility, she reached the end of freedomand was never to have it again.(6) But, “the excellent becomes the permanent,”Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American statesman, James Madison, in or4…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………near the year 1776 A.D. referred to “the capacity of mankindfor self-government”. No doubthe had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background ofhis mind, but once a great and good idea has dawned upon man, it is never completely lost.The Atomic Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea livesthough unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action, only sure that it will do so sometime.Ⅳ. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements followed by four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your AnswerSheet. (20 points, 2 points for each)55. “Sobering topic”in paragraph 1 is a topic that makes one feel very ______.A. nervousB. excitedC. seriousD. sad56. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that ______.A. Athenians would be willing to obey what would benefit them allB. Egyptians insisted on absolute obedience to a powerful manC. Athenians would be willing to obey a tyrannyD. Egyptians opposed any form of government57. The word “underlay”in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. was the consequence ofB. was the cause ofC. was the key toD. was the basis of58. In paragraph 4, “atomic bombs”is mentioned in order to ______.A. emphasize that atomic bombs will threaten the survival of mankindB. illustrate that freedom requires constant pursuit and dedicationC. stress that freedom is as influential as atomic bombsD. point out that it took a long time to discover freedom59. The word “obscured”in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.A. made difficult to know or understandB. made easy to know or understandC. made hard to deal withD. made clear to see60. Paragraph 4 is mainly about ______.A. the Athenians's pride and joy to give to their cityB. the ideas of freedom and self-relianceC. the spiritual change of the AtheniansD. a cooperative business61. According to paragraph 5, the relationship between freedom and responsibility is that ______.A. freedom is independent of responsibilityB. responsibility is the precondition of freedomC. responsibility is the natural result of freedomD. freedom is more important than responsibility5…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………62. The author's opinion about freedom in the future is that ______.A. once lost, freedom will never be regainedB. people will never have freedom againC. freedom will be challengedD. freedom will last forever63. “No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek”in paragraph 6 means ______.A. he was thinking about the Greek freedom when he said thisB. he didn't know he was speaking the language of GreekC. Greek freedom was not on his mind when he said thisD. definitely he didn't know what Greek freedom was64. The best title for this passage is ______.A. The Disappearance of FreedomB. The Development of FreedomD. Roots of FreedomC. Importance of FreedomV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your AnswerSheet. (10 points, 2 points for each)65. Absolute obedience to the ruler was what the leaders of the empires insisted on.66. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life wouldbe intolerable except to a hermit in the desert.67. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.68. She reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.69. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action, only sure that itwill do so sometime.Ⅵ. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your answerson the Answer Sheet. (10 points)70. What is your view on “freedom”?Ⅶ. Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation on your AnswerSheet. (18 points, 2 points each for 71-75, 8 points for 76)71．一些社会学家认为你对这些问题的回答，很能说明你在想什么，社会在想什么，换句话说，可以说明你和社会的态度。

浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：00600Part one:I. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks followed by a list of words andexpressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only.(0.5 point for each.12 points)1.At the same time, my generation was discovering that reforming the world is a little like ____1____ a military campaign in the Apennines, as soon as you ____2____ one mountain range, another one ____3____ just ahead. As the big problems of the thirties were brought under some kind of ____4____ control, new problems took their place—the ____5____ problems of an affluent society, of racial justice, of keeping our cities from becoming ____6____,of coping with war in unfamiliar guises.2.The trouble with television is that it discourages ____7____.Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently ____8____ effort. The dullest, the least ____9____ of us can achieve things that seem ____10____ to those who never concentrate on anything. But television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant ____11____.It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without ____12____.3.When a salesman ____13____ a large order or brings in an important new account, his ____14____ is brief, for there is danger he might lose that large order or important new account to a salesman from a ____15____ company the next time ____16____.It might even be canceled before it is ____17____,in which case no one is certain if anything was gained or lost. So there is crisis and ____18____ even in their triumphs.4.When white men first __19__ contact with some unspoilt race of savages, they __20__ them all kinds of benefits, from the light of the Gospel to pumpkin pie.These,however,___21___ we may regret it, most savages receive with indifference. What they really ___22___ among the gifts that we bring to them is intoxicating liquor, which enables them, for the first time in their lives, to have the ___23___,for a few ___24___ moments, that it is better to be alive than dead.A. aroundB. gratificationC. captureD. illusionE. uninhabitableF. fightingG. loomsH. roughI. miraculousJ. competingK. brief L. elation M. offer N. much as O. appliedP. unprecedented Q. effect R. alarm S. pain T. giftedU. lands V. value W. concentration X. filledII. There are 15 sentences with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only.(1 point for each,15 points)1.When he heard about the air crash, he felt ________ for his sister’s safety.12.The newly-launched satellite is expected to obtain data on solar radiation, sky brightness and other important _______.3.She has been in America for five years, still she can’t ____ the life there.4.______,a lot of television usurps one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it.5.They tried hard to find a solution to the problem, but their efforts were ________.6.They managed to trace his whereabouts ________ checking on his credit card expenditures.7.After they moved into the new house, the old couple paid a lot of attention to its ________.8.He got up early in the morning and walked on to the balcony and ________ the fresh air.9.The sweet words of the little girl ________ him into believing that what she said was true.10.I don’t know, ________,I don’t care.11.Chain groceries shut out the independent stores and “standardization”became a ________ means of cutting cost.12.The bus came to a(an) ________ stop, and some passengers lost their balance.13.He stood in the dark,________ in his pocket for the key.14.You could not ignore the bait for ever,________ it meant trouble.15.The boy ________ the truth that he didn’t go to school yesterday.A. by all meansB. inhaledC. of no availD. amounting toE. in shortF. by means ofG. even thoughH. prejudiceI. instead of J. phenomenon K. lulled L. held himself back M. toiling N. principal O. decayed P. for that matterQ. get used to R. fumbling S. blurted out T. in placeU. ushering in V. upkeep W. apprehension X. abruptIII. Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.(1 point for each,15 points)1.His feet were numb with cold, as soon as he got into the room he started(A. rubbing, B. scrubbed) them vigorously.2.Whoever( A. evades, B. escape)paying tax due will be punished.3.It is women who can bring( A. sympathy, B. empathy),tolerance, insight, patience,and persistence to government.4.They( A. scolded, B. scoffed) at my idea that the boss will give up the factory.5.He achieved great success in that he( A. infused, B. fill) life into his works.6.He wanted a( A. transcript, B. manuscript) of the report to show to his friends.7.The workers were filled with( A. indignity, B. indignation) when they discovered that they were secretly watched during working hours.8.In handling( A. straight, B. straighten)news, it is easier to assume the pious mantle of objectivity than to edit.9.When she opened the box, a small vase dropped and(A. went, B. broke) to pieces.10.The young boys(A. lulled, B. lolled) against a gate frame and a plank wall.11.Homes and restaurants would discard it( A. on the spot, B. on the beat).12.I don’t think his suggestion(A. contributed, B. attributed) to the success of the experiment.213.It(A. shattered, B. splashed) the notion that my individual progress could be hailed as an advance for all Negroes.14.SPLUTCH!—the big hook(A. flapped, B. clapped) itself into your mouth and you were caught.15.The son felt(A. contented, B. relieved) upon learning that his mother was out of danger.IV. Translate the following into English and write your translation on your Answer Sheet.(3 points for each 1—4,6 points for 5)1.在母亲去世前她答应过要尽一切可能不让这个家散掉。

浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：00600Ⅰ.The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks followed by a list of words and expressions marked A to X.Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.One word or expression for each blank only.(0.5 point for each,12 points)1.They are always on _1_,always on the _2_ of failure,collectively and individually.They _3_,eventhe most secure and self assured of them,to look good on paper;and there is much paper for them to look good on.Each week,for example, a _4_ of the sales results of the _5_ week for each sales office and for the trial Sales Department as a whole for each division of the company is kept and compared to the sales results for the _6_ week of the year beofre.2.She had _7_to go away,to leave her home.Was that wise?She tried to _8_ each side of thequestion.In her home anyway she had _9_ and food;she had those whom she had known all her life about her.Of course she had to work hard,both in the house and at business.What would they say of her in the Stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow?Say she was a _10_,perhaps;and her place would be filled up by _11_.Miss Gavan would be glad.She had always had an _12_ on her,especially whenever there were people listening.3.Most people,when they are free to fill their own time _13_according to their own choice,are _14_ to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be _15_doing.And whatever they decide on,they are troubled by the feeling _16_ something else would have been pleasanter.To be able to _17_ leisure intelligently is the last product of civilziation,and _18_very few people have reached this level.4.Most disturbing of all was our discovery of the population explosion.It_19_ us rather suddenly that the number of _20_ on the small spaceship we inhabit is doubling about every forty years._21_ the earth's population keeps growing at this cancerous rate,all of the other problems appear virtually _22_.Our cities will continue to become more crowded and noisome.The _23_ will get more cluttered,the air and water even dirtier.The quality of life is _24_ to become steadily worse for everybody.A.advertisementB.at a lossC.at presentD.consentedE.correspondingF.dawned onG.edgeH.fillI.foolJ.insoluble ndscape L.left M.likelyN.passengers O.preceding P.record Q.shelterR.so long as S.strain T.that U.trial V.vergeW.weigh X.worthⅡ.There are 15 sentences with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions markedA to X.Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the correspondingletter on your answer sheet.One word or expression for each blank only.(1 point for each, 15 points)1.This subject is not within the ___ of our investigation.2.Archeological discoveries strengthened the ___ that Troy once existed.3.___ your report we have decided to buy some new machines.4.Miss Robin went through the typescript carefully,to ___ all errors from it.5.Worded like that, the sentence ___ a rhetorical flavor.6.Having been called upon to present her thesis at the annual conference,she spent several weeks___it.7.Everyone ___ for the weather to change,after this bitter winter.8.He was rather capricious,and his moods___from great friendliness to sullen anger.9.___we admire Shakespeare's comedies,we cannot agree that they are superior to the tragedies.10.One of the problems the local authorities have to deal with is the ___ of plastic containers.11.They were prepared to ___ the possibility of finding empty seats in the theater.12.The chain store should make a substantial profit ___ satisfactory labor relations are maintained.13.Jack is very keen on sport;___,he plays tennis twice a week.14.It is generally acknowledged that television is the most powerful and of the media.15.He ___along as best he could,because he got a bad sprain in his ankle.A.among other thingsB.disposalC.dispositionD.eliminateF.fluctuatedG.gamble onH.hobbledI.hypothesisJ.liberalK.liverL.Much as M.multiple N.national O.on the strength of P.pervasiveQ.polishing R.politics S.provided that T.register U.scopeV.takes on W.yearns X.yieldingⅢ.Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions.Choose the right one to complete the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.(1 point for each, 15 points)1.She heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards (A.crunching,B.ambling) on the cinder path before the new red houses.2.The fact is that although network television still allots too little time to the vital service of informing the public,it does a better job in that little time than the nation's press( A.on the whole, B.as a whole).3.Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are(pelled,B.propelled)intothe midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends.4.“Somebody( A.stuffed,B.slipped)a rope round his neck and strangled him and you didn't wakeup?”says Harry.5.I don't know what it is but it's a (A.lone,B.lonesome)place and always was.6.I find cooking a good way of (A.releasing,B.freeing) tension.7.Away from the madding crowd,many city dwellers spend their weekends in the countryside toenjoy( A.peace,B.tranquility)8.Obviously they were getting nowhere with their experiment,so they decided to (A.resist,B.desist)from it for the time being.9.“I'll come and give you a hand tomorrow.”“(A.Terrific,B.Terrifying)!”10.The oil tanker was safely secured at the river mouth(A.by means of, B.by way of)steel cables.11.Some children are never thankful to their parents.They(A.take it for granted,B.take for granted)what their parents have done for them.12.The theater would have closed(A.if,B.unless)the municipal government had refused to giveextra money.13.To carry out this plan will(A.require,B.acquire)increasing our staff by 20 percent.14.The very sight of the police handcuffs sent(A.trembling,B.shivers)down his spine.15.He hardly knew that it was the medicine he had taken that(A.tempted,B.induced)his drowsiness. Ⅳ.Translate the following into English and write your translation on your answer sheet. (3 points each for 1-4,6 points for 5)1.人们常说，广泛阅读是可供选择的最佳方案，但即使在这一方面也需要进行某些选择。

全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（二）试题课程代码：00596I. Reading Comprehension. (50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Two decades ago, the channels that separate the Adriatic Islands were brimming with giant blue-fin tuna, a species so plentiful that tourists used to climb ladders by the sea to watch the schools swim by.Today, these majestic predators are rarely, if ever, caught. The catches have dropped by 80 percent over the past few years, even for high-tech trawlers that now comb remote corners of the sea in search of the hard-to-find fish.“This is past the alarm stage,”said Simon Cripps, director of the global marine program at the World Wildlife Fund. “We are seeing a complete collapse of the tuna population. It could disappear and never come back.”The group is urging the European Union to impose an immediate fishing moratorium until the international body that regulates tuna catches meets in Dubrovnik, Croatia, in November.Many edible fish stocks in the Mediterranean and its extension, the Adriatic, have sharply declined in the past decade because of pollution and intensive fishing, including crayfish and John Dory, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. In Croatia, much of the fish eaten at seaside resorts is imported from as far away as the United States.But it is the blue-fin tuna that is in crisis, thanks to a new and lucrative European network of fishing and fish farming companies that provide the prized fish to sushi and sashimi markets in Japan. With tuna prices going as high as $15 a pound in Tokyo, European trawlers fish for tuna aggressively and illegally, far exceeding international quotas meant to protect the species, scientists said. Compounding the problem is the recent development of tuna fattening farms in Croatia, Spain, Turkey and other Mediterranean countries.1Now, even small juvenile tuna, captured in the few corners of the Mediterranean where the species still breeds or even from the Atlantic, can be brought to the vast underwater cages that line the Croatian coast, where they are fed for months or years until they are ready for market. And so, though few tuna are in Croatia’s seas and none are in its restaurants, tuna is one of this country’s most lucrative food exports. One hundred percent of Croatia’s tuna is farm-fattened, ending up as toro—precious, fatty raw tuna.Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.1. In the second paragraph, “these majestic predators”refer to ______.A. big fishB. blue-fin tunaC. crayfishD. fish that eat other fishes2. Blue-fin tuna is in crisis because ______.A. fishing companies catch the fish to-excess for moneyB. it takes a long time for small tuna to grow upC. there is no law to protect this speciesD. the natural environment worsens3. Which of the following statements is true?A. Tuna is a typical dish on Croatian dinner table.B. Europe consumes most of the tuna Croatia exports.C. There are large amounts of tuna in the Mediterranean area.D. Small tuna are kept at the Croatia’s coast and fed to be sold.4. The author points out that ______.A. intensive fishing causes sharp decline of the fish stockB. it is quite difficult to catch tuna in the Mediterranean seasC. Croatia doesn’t really need to import fishD. tuna is the most expensive fish on market5. “One hundred percent of Croatia’s tuna is farm-fattened”. This means that Croatia’s tuna are ______.A. fed and fattened by cropsB. of first class qualityC. kept and fed to larger sizeD. very fat2Passage TwoA college education can be very costly in the United States, especially at a private school. Rising costs have led more and more families to borrow money to help pay for college.There are different federal loans and private loans for students and parents. Interest rates on some of these loans will go up on July 1st. As borrowing has increased, there are growing concerns that many students graduate with too much debt. In 1993, less than one-half of graduates from four-year colleges had student loans. Now two-thirds of them do. Their average loan debt when they graduate is nineteen thousand dollars. At public universities, the average is seventeen thousand dollars.The Project on Student Debt is an action group that collects these numbers from reports. It notes that averages do not present the full picture. For example, in 2004, one-fourth of students with loans graduated more than twenty-five thousand dollars in debt. And that did not include borrowing by their parents. The Project on Student Debt says parents as well as students are borrowing more to pay for college. Students can expect to take about ten years to pay back their loans. Repayment does not begin until after they are out of school.Higher borrowing limits have also helped push up student debts. Students from all economic levels are borrowing more. Corrected for inflation, student loans have increased around sixty percent in ten years.Researchers say one effect is that the higher the debts, the more likely graduates are to look only for high paying jobs. That means there is less chance they will take jobs in areas like teaching or other public service. A study done in 2002 for a major student lender found that debts can also affect lives in other ways. Some students paying back their college loans said they delayed buying their first house. Some delayed marriage or having children.In May, groups representing students, parents and college officials asked the government to change some of its loan repayment rules. The requested changes would recognize graduates who have difficulty repaying their loans because they do not earn very much. They would be able to pay less fight after they graduate, then pay more as their earnings increase.Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.6. According to the passage, one may expect that young people graduate with a debt may ______.3A. be looked down upon by othersB. never be able to get rid of itC. avoid starting a family very earlyD. not have to repay all their debts7. Which of the following is NOT true about student loans?A. Higher tuition fees give rise to student loan.B. Students from well-off families don’t borrow money.C. Higher borrowing limits allow students to loan more money.D. It may take quite a long time for graduates to repay their debts.8. Groups representing students, parents and college officials appealed to the government to ______.A. raise graduates’ pay at workB. provide more loan options for studentsC. cut down the amount that students have to repayD. allow graduates to gradually increase their repayment9. The passage is a(n) ______.A. statement of factsB. argument against high student loansC. comment on a controversial issueD. suggestion about student loans10. Which can be the best title for the passage?A. Costly Education, Heavier BurdenB. Fresh out of College, and in DebtC. Efforts to Finance College EducationD. Graduates Expect Lower RepaymentPassage ThreeOn the New York Mercantile Exchange, oil prices broke the record of $76.70 a barrel set just Thursday. The new price of oil for delivery in August shot to $77.95 before finishing the day at $77.03.While $80-a-barrel oil seemed like a skeptic’s worst-case outlook a few months ago, oil traders are increasingly saying that it is now just a matter of time before prices cross that threshold. Oil futures contracts for delivery beyond this summer passed $80 a barrel for the first time on Thursday.4“The feeling is that we’re in a fairly bullish market right now,”said Antoine Halff, head of research at Fimat. “Gasoline demand over the last few weeks has been very robust. Perhaps the bigger issue on top of that is geopolitics. And clearly the market is very jittery about what’s going on in Israel.”Oil markets are typically sensitive to any political instability in the Middle East. Recently, they have been unsettled by Israeli military incursions into Gaza and then, this week, Lebanon. So, a market already worried about the potential for conflict with Iran and North Korea over their nuclear programs is growing even more anxious. William Rhodes, chief investment strategist at Rhodes Analytics, said, “People are scared, that’s the bottom line.”The Commerce Department said that retail sales fell by 0.1 percent in June, seasonally adjusted, the first drop since February. A University of Michigan survey that showed falling consumer confidence was one of the reasons.How resilient consumer spending proves to be is something that will continue to factor heavily into stock performance. Most economists believe that consumers will curb their spending somewhat as the year goes on, and economic growth is expected to slow. But there is disagreement over how much spending will slow.“The persistence of high gasoline prices, coupled with lower equity prices and lower consumer sentiment, will restrain the growth of real consumer spending in the second half of 2006,”Brian Bethune, an analyst with Global Insight, wrote yesterday in a report about the retail sales numbers. But many analysts noted that the month’s decline in retail sales was exaggerat ed by poor car sales, and said that consumers were likely to keep shopping for other goods.Even though the market swooned this week, analysts said that there were no signs yet that the drop was part of a larger unraveling of the economy.Questions 11-15 are based on Passage Three.11. According to the passage, which is NOT one of the factors that cause the oil price to rise?A. There is a large market demand.B. There is a shortage of oil reserve.C. Political situation is instable in the Middle East.D. Consumers worry about the high rise of oil price.12. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.5A. political instability strongly influences oil marketB. price of oil for delivery has already hit $80 a barrelC. oil market is bullish because more people are buying carsD. economy will be seriously affected by the rising oil price13. By “bottom line”, William Rhodes means ______.A. oil is sold at $76.70 a barrelB. oil is sold at $80 a barrelC. oil retail price gradually goes downD. people fear for worse political situation14. The passage indicates that retail sales dropped, because ______.A. gasoline price was highB. dollar value increasedC. people wanted to protect the environmentD. there was not enough stock of gasoline on market15. The author’s tone is ______.A. worriedB. negativeC. objectiveD. cautiousPassage FourAbout 60 million Americans regularly suffer from insomnia, either because they are taking medication, or experiencing pain, or not eating right. Or — according to Russell Rosenberg, who directs the Sleep Medicine Institute in Atlanta, Georgia — simply because they are living in the modern world.“It’s a 24/7 society now. That is, you have Internet 24 [hours], 7 [days a week], television, radio. Everything can keep you distracted from the time you need to sleep. Plus, people are working harder, working more jobs, trying to squeeze in more family-time, more leisure-time and so forth, and so there’s only so much time to do all the things we want to do in one particular day.”According to an annual poll conducted by the National Sleep Foundation, in 2005, 75 percent of Americans experienced sleeping problems ranging from minor and transient to severe6and chronic. That is up from 62 percent in 1999, when the NSF first conducted its poll.The number of Americans turning to prescription sleep aids for help has gone up even more dramatically: nearly 60 percent over the past five years. American pharmacists filled about 42 million sleeping pill prescriptions last year, and most of them were for either Ambien or Lunesta, two recent additions to the sleep aid market.These drugs are not believed to be habit-forming, and they don’t seem to have the same liver-damaging side-effects that earlier sleep aids had. At the same time, there is some evidence that these new sleeping pills may not be completely harmless.Sleep experts also recommend their patients with what is known as “cognitive behavioral therapy,”or CBT. It is a form of psychotherapy that tries to change the way a patient thinks, feels, and acts about sleep.It doesn’t yield immediate results, though, and in many parts of the country, it is unavailable. There are only about 200 clinicians worldwide who have extensive CBT training in the area of sleep. That is part of the reason prescription drugs have become so popular.But the biggest reason, says Gregg Jacobs, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, is marketing. “You’ll see their ads every night on television now. They’re the most frequent drug ads on TV. As a result, people around the United States —and soon around the world —are being given the message that you can take a sleeping pill, and it will cure your insomnia. And when people hear that, they rush out to buy this pill.”Questions 16-20 are based on Passage Four.16. Which is the topic of the passage?A. Cures for insomnia.B. Drug companies’ strategies.C. Harms caused by sleeping pills.D. Sleeping problem in the US.17. According to the passage, Ambien and Lunesta are ______.A. sleeping clinicsB. sleep expertsC. sleeping pillsD. symptoms of insomnia18. According to the passage, people who take the new sleeping pills may ______.A. feel sleepy during working hoursB. experience some side-effectsC. develop the habit to eat themD. suffer some liver problem719. Which is implied, but not stated, in the passage?A. In the past, people used to sleep better.B. 75% of Americans had sleeping problem in 2005.C. Some new sleeping pills may not be totally harmless.D. The modern life style is blamed for sleeping problems.20. Sleeping pills are used more often than CBT to combat insomnia for the following reasons EXCEPT ______.A. CBT doesn’t show quick results as sleeping pillsB. drug ads influence people in their choiceC. CBT is too new an idea for patients to acceptD. CBT cannot be found in many parts of the USPassage FiveFarmers in the Midwest put in some of the longest workdays of any profession in the United States. In addition to caring for their crops and livestock, they have to keep up with new farming techniques, such as those for combining soil erosion and increasing livestock production. It is essential that farmers adopt these advances in technology if they want to continue to meet the growing demand of a hungry world.Agriculture is the number one industry in the United States and agricultural products are the country’s leading export. American farmers manage to feed not only the total population of the United States, but also millions of other people throughout the rest of the world. Corn and soybean exports alone account for approximately 75% of the amount sold in world market.This productivity, however, has its price. Intensive cultivation exposes the earth to the damaging forces of nature. Ever y year wind and water remove tons of rich soil from the nation’s croplands, with the result that soil erosion has become a national problem concerning everyone from the farmer to the consumer.Each field is covered by a limited amount of topsoil, the upper layer of earth which is the richest in the nutrient and minerals necessary for growing crops. Ever since the first farmers arrived in the Midwest almost 200 years ago, cultivation and, consequently, erosion have been depleting the supply of topsoil. In the 1830s, nearly two feet of rich, black topsoil covered the8Midwest. Today the average depth is only eight inches, and every decade another inch is blown or washed away. This erosion is steadily decreasing the productivity of valuable cropland. A United States Agricultural Department survey states that if erosion continues at its present rate, corn and soybean yields in the Midwest may drop as much as 30% over the next 50 years.So far, farmers have been able to compensate for the loss of fertile topsoil by applying more chemical fertilizers to their fields; however, while this practice has increased crop yields, it has been devastating for ecology. Agriculture has become one of the biggest polluters on the nation’s precious water supply. Rivers, lakes, and underground reserves of water are being filled in and poisoned by soil and chemicals carried by the drainage from eroding fields. Furthermore, fertilizers only replenish the soil; they do not prevent its loss.Clearly something else has to be done in order to avoid an eventual ecological disaster. Conservationists insist that the solution to this problem lies in new and better farming techniques. Concerned farmers are building terraces on hilly fields, rotating their crops, and using new plowing methods to cut soil loss significantly. Substantial progress has been made, but soil erosion is far from being under control.Questions 21-25 are based on Passage Five.21. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Farmers are the only people who are concerned about soil erosion.B. Farmers in the Midwest lead a very busy life and work long hours.C. Farmers should use advanced techniques to produce more food.D. Farmers in the U.S provide food for the U.S. and other countries.22. Agricultural products of the U.S. ______.A. consist mainly of corn, wheat and soybeansB. enjoy the world reputation for the good qualityC. are the largest source of exports of the countryD. account for about 75% of those sold in world market23. What is the downside of using chemical fertilizers according to the passage?A. It worsens soil erosion.B. It endangers people’s health.C. It poisons the cropsD. It pollutes water supply.924. Which is true about topsoil in Midwest?A. It is the richest in the U.S.B. It is lacking nutrients.C. It is becoming thinner.D. It is ruined by chemicals.25. Farmers can do the following things to prevent soil erosion EXCEPT ______.A. rotating their cropsB. using effective fertilizersC. using new plowing methodsD. building terraces on hilly fieldsII. Vocabulary. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.Most of us buy vitamins for one of three reasons. Either we believe that they are prophylactic, that is they will ward off advancing ill, or they are therapeutic and will deal with the ills we have already, or finally we may believe they are wonder drugs and will lift us into a state of super health. We are protected from some of these wild imaginings by the laws which control advertising but even without false promises we still believe that vitamins will “do us good”.Belief is a very potent state of mind and the power of the placebo pill is never underestimated in clinical trials used to test new drugs. A placebo is a harmless substance given to one group of patients in the trial and it is similar in taste and appearance to a new drug which is given to a second group of patients. Theoretically the drug should cure or relieve any symptoms and the placebo should have no effect. Often these trials produce surprising results and the placebo group recovers as well as the group taking the new drug.Vitamins B and C cannot be retained in the body, so if we take more than we need of these, they are soon excreted in the urine. Taking too much of the fat soluble vitamins can be dangerous and vitamins A and D should never be taken indiscriminately. Vitamin E has not been found to have any toxic effect in large doses, but neither do there seem to be any noticeable benefits. This is an unexplored area in vitamin research and the only known advantages of vitamin E are confined to specialized medical cases.26. to prevent something from harming you (Para. 1)1027. very good and effective (Para. 1)28. situations or ideas that are not real or true (Para. 1)29. having a powerful effect on your body or mind (Para.2)30. a series of testing to find out whether something works (Para.2)31. to make a pain or problem less severe (Para.2)32. gets well after an illness, accident, shock (Para.2)33. not thinking carefully before making a choice (Para.3)34. poisoning (Para.3)35. examples of particular situations, problems (Para.3)III. Summarization. (20 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.Paragraph OneBetween 1979 and 1999, extremely hot weather killed more than 8000 people in the US. In that period, more Americans died from extreme heat than from severe storms, lightning, floods and earthquakes together.36. Extreme heat was the top killer among several n______ threats.Paragraph TwoThe body itself is mostly water —more than 65% water. Water in blood carries hormones and antibodies through the body. Water in urine carries away waste materials. Water is also needed for cooling the body on hot days, carrying body heat to the surface of the skin.37. Water is essential to h______.Paragraph ThreeDevelopment aid has increased since 2002. Still, the report says severe poverty continues to worsen, in part because of H.I.V./AIDS. Environmental conditions also add to poverty. The report says climate change already affects many low-lying and island nations, and more problems are likely in the years to come.38. Worse poverty situation despite i______ development aid.11Paragraph FourStrong earthquakes forced the bottom of the sea to rise above the water. After millions of years, it was pushed up into the air to form land and mountains. Meanwhile, hot liquid rock from deep in the Earth pushed to the surface. This liquid rock slowly cooled. The then cooling liquid formed a very hard rock known as granite.39. Theory about f______ of land and mountains.Paragraph FiveMany centuries of rain caused huge rivers to move violently through this area. Over time, these rivers cut deep into the new mountains. During the great Ice Age, millions of tons of ice cut and shaped the cooled granite to form giant rocks, known as Half Dome.40. V______ forms of water change the outlook of the area.Paragraph SixCitizens who had formed a military group were the first real modern explorers of the valley. They were at war with the local Indians and came into the valley. The white soldiers called it Yosemites after the Indians.41. White world’s f______ of Yosemites.Paragraph SevenMany young Americans began to challenge some of the traditions of their parents and grandparents. For example, some young women began to experiment with new kinds of clothes. They no longer wore dresses that hid the shape of their bodies. Instead, they wore thinner dresses that uncovered part of their legs.42. Youth defied traditional d______ style.Paragraph EightSupporters say the goal is to get students to think about what they want to do and help them prepare for their future. But some people say the program could make it difficult for students to explore different possibilities, as they are too young to know what they want to do in life.43. For and a______ over a school program.Paragraph NineEducators did not become involved with blogging right away. Many were concerned with12privacy issues and security. But now, thousands of teacher blogs can be found on the Internet. Many teachers do not identify themselves, and they change the names of students and co-workers.44. Many teachers are going for blogs although some w______ about privacy issues. Paragraph TenEmployment of women with babies under one year dropped in the most recent period reported by the Census Bureau. The rate decreased from 59% in 1998 to 55% in 2002. The Census Bureau said this was the first recorded drop since it began to keep these records in 1976.45. F______ women with infants are being employed.IV. Translation. (20 points, 4 points for each)Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.It’s believed the Internet was born in 1969 when two computers at the University of California, Los Angeles, were connected by a 15-foot cable, with bits of meaningless data flowing between them. 46. Since then the Net has taken off, with some 137 million U.S. computers online plus another 152 million outside the United States. And while the number of Internet-linked computers is surging, the volume of traffic they are carrying is increasing even faster. Some projections have it doubling every 100 days.47. This is not surprising since a hallmark of the Cyber Age is connectivity and the sharing of information. The assertion that “information is meant to be free”is an increasing reality since it can be moved from those who have it to those who need it in the blink of an eye —and at virtually no cost, unlike for other media. This computer-driven contribution to the vitality of the U.S. economy is immeasurable.Auction sites have been springing up all over the Internet, but the undisputed leader is eBay.48. You simply go to eBay’s Web site, register, post a description of what you have to sell, along with photos and a minimum price, if you like. Bids from interested buyers appear on your computer screen, which is instantly updated as better bids come in. Once the auction ends, the highest bidder is obliged to pay for the item.One of the Internet’s truly great features is that anybody can be a player who has an idea for13a Web site and a few dollars to get it up and running. Possibly the most notorious site of all is the one dreamed up by an 18-year-old dropout from Northeastern University in Boston, Shawn Fanning, nicknamed the “Napster”for his unruly red hair. 49. He created the world’s biggest online free-music community, which allows 38 million popular music lovers to exchange hundreds of recordings, using the Napster system as a search engine to find exactly what they want.Napster has outraged everyone connected with the record business, from artists whose creative work was being hijacked to the Recording Industry Association of America, which bro ught a lawsuit seeking an injunction aimed at ending Napster’s brief, if notorious, life. It now appears, incredibly, that this deadlock may actually be resolved to almost everyone’s satisfaction. Napster users may pay a modest monthly fee, which will be divided up among those creating, producing, and delivering the music. Napster is receiving financial backing from the German media giant Bertelsmann, which is getting a piece of Napster in return. There is a sticking point, however, since it’s now unclear h ow to put a user name and price on every digital music file being downloaded. 50. It’s also unclear if Napster users will pay even a few bucks a month for the service.14。

部题目用英文作答(英译汉题目除外)，请将答案填在答题纸对应位置上I. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks，followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points，1 point for each)This strategy also has ancient antecedents. Ever since civilization began，certain 1 have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler，more 2 ，and more peaceful life. Unlike the dropouts，they are not 3 . They are willing to support themselves and to 4 something to the general community，but they simply don’t like the environment of civilization; that is，the city，with all its 5 and tension.I had the lonely child’s habit of 6 stories and holding conversations with 7 persons，and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and 8 . I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing 9 facts，and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my 10 in everyday life.Only two people shared her “special” seat: a fine old man in a velvet coat，his hands 11 over a huge carved walking-stick，and a big old woman，sitting 12 ，with a roll of knitting on her embroidered apron. They did not speak. This was 13 ，for Miss Brill always looked forward 14 the conversation. She had become really quite 15 ，she thought，at listening as though she didn’t listen，at sitting in other p eople’s lives just for a minute while they talked round her.Our research shows that no company can succeed today by trying to be all things to all people. Itmust instead find the 16 value that it alone can deliver to a chosen market. We have identified three distinct value 17 ，so called because each discipline produces a different kind of 18 value. Choosing one discipline to master does not mean that a company 19 the other two，only that it picks a dimension of value on which to 20 its market reputation over the long term.The value of snobbery in general，its humanistic “point”，consists in its power to 21 activity. A society with plenty of snobberies is like a dog with plenty of 22 : it is not likely to become comatose. Every snobbery demands of its devotees 23 efforts，a succession of sacrifices. The society-snob must be perpetually lion-hunting; the modernity-snob can never rest 24 trying to be up-to-date. Swiss doctors and the Best that has been thought or said must be the daily and nightly preoccupation of all the snobs respectively of 25 and culture.II. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points，1 point for each)26. What you say is far ______ from what you said before.A. movedB. removedC. provedD. disproved27. There will be live ______ of the concert on TV and radio.A. transactionB. transitionC. transmissionD. transportation28. The first priority for a government is to enable its citizens to live in peace and ______ .A. tranquilityB. altitudeC. complexityD. attitude29. The pianist was ______ with the most extravagant applause from the audience.A. loadedB. burdenedC. pressedD. weighed30. The problem of poverty didn’t ______ itself until the earthquake.A. manifestB. demonstrateC. emergeD. exhibit31. They got their just ______ when the scheme was finally uncovered.B. dessertC. desertsD. desserts32. The tail of the whale ______ their boat and they all fell into water.A. pluckedB. flickedC. peckedD. flapped33. In time of prosperity，friends will be plenty; in time of ______ ，not one among twenty.A. dilemmaB. adversityC. insomniaD. deadlock34. He refused to ______ of such a solution to his problem.A. deceiveB. receiveC. conceiveD. perceive35. He felt proud to proclaim that he knew only English and somehow ______ of his nativeA. contemporaryB. temporaryC. contemptuousD. contemptible36. There is a growing recognition that we should abolish racial ______.A. segregationB. separationC. integrationD. evaporation37. It is desirable to ______ the chemicals before the plant is seriously damaged.A. splashB. spillC. pourD. spray38. I didn’t expect him to descend to ______ abuse.A. commonB. personalC. ordinaryD. individual39. Make a phone call if you are wishing to renew your ______ to our magazine.A. contributionB. distributionC. subscriptionD. attribution40. He began to ______ as the intense cold pervaded the room.A. shakeB. quakeC. jerkD. shiverRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items III，IV，V. (1) “During the whole of a dull，dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year，when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens，I had been passing alone，on horseback，through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself，as the shades of the evening drew on，within view of the melancholy House of Ushe r.” Thus Edgar Allan Poe opened his story of “The Fall of the House of Usher” in 1839. In this beautifully crafted sentence he captured so much that is essential to the horror story—darkness，ominous solitude，foreboding calm，apprehension and uncertainty，and a deep feeling of melancholy that could soon turn to fear. (2) Many kinds of fiction are self-explanatory: mysteries，westerns，love stories，spy thrillers，and science fiction define themselves by the terms used to name them. The horror story is less easily defined，perhaps because other types of fiction so often use the trappings of terror to enhance their plots. Charles Dickens used the vehicle of an old-fashioned ghost Story to tell “A Christmas Carol”，but that book is not a horror story. Nor does a Grimm brothers fairy tale such as “Hänsel and Gretel，” with its child-devouring witch，belong to the genre.(3) The nature of the horror story is best indicated by the title of the 1990s television series Talesfrom the Dark Side. Human beings have always acknowledged that there is evil in the world and a dark side to human nature that cannot be explained except perhaps in religious terms. This evil may be imagined as having an almost unlimited power to inspire anxiety，fear，dread，and terror in addition to doing actual physical and mental harm.(4) In the tale of horror quite ordinary people are confronted by something unknown and fearful，which can be neither understood nor explained in reasonable terms. It is the emphasis on the unreasonable that lies at the heart of horror stories.(5) This kind of literature arose in the 18th century at the start of a movement called Romanticism. The movement was a reaction against a rational，ordered world in which humanity was basically good and everything could be explained scientifically. The literary type that inspired the horror story is Gothic fiction，tales of evil，often set in sinister medieval surroundings. This original kind of horror fiction has persisted to the present. An early 20th-century master of the type was H.P. Lovecraft，most of whose stories appeared in the magazine Weird Tales. A more recent writer was Stephen King，author of Carrie (1974)，The Shining (1977)，Pet Sematary (1984)，Misery (1987)，and Rose Madder (1995).(6) Much horror literature is grounded in superstition，fear of demons，and the dread of death. No single tale brings all of these elements together so well as the vampire legend，an ancient folk superstition. The vampire is described as undead，an entombed individual who rises each night to feed on the blood of the living. In literature its best representation is Dracula(1897) by Bram Stoker. The legend was retold in Interview with the V ampire (1976) by Anne Rice. The Draculastory was eagerly taken up by Hollywood in the 1931 film that starred Bela Lugosi，and numerous movies on the theme have been made since.(7) Similar to the vampire legend is the story of the wolfman，the human being under a curse who turns into a half man，half wolf presumably when the moon is full. This creature prowls around，devouring animals，people，or corpses，but he returns to human form by day. As with Dracula，the wolfman became a popular subject for movies，beginning with The Werewolf of London (1935) and the wolfman films of the 1940s. According to one superstition the werewolf，after being killed，turns into a vampire.(8) The belief that the dead can return to haunt and harm the living has long been an element of fiction. Ghost stories are at least as old as the Bible: in the Old Testament，King Saul calls up the ghost of Samuel to foretell the outcome of a battle. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet，the ghost of the slain king provides the information from which Hamlet plots revenge for his father’s murder. One of the masters of the modern ghost story was Ambrose Bierce，some of whose stories were collected in Ghost and Horror Stories of Ambrose Bierce (1964). A variation on the ghost theme is the haunted house，about which hundreds of stories have been written.(9) Between the vampires and the ghosts are creatures called the living dead and zombies who return from the grave to devour the living. Hollywood celebrated this story in Night of the Living Dead(1968) and other films. In literature one of the best examples is the intriguing book The Beast with Five Fingers(1928; film version 1946) by W.F. Harvey. It is the story of a severed hand that goes on living after its owner dies. The movie Friday the 13th (1980) and its sequelsalso used the revived corpse as villain. In the 1986 film Trick or Treat，a dead rock music star is called back to life.III. In this section，there are ten incomplete statements or questions，followed by four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points，2 points for each)41. In the first paragraph，Edgar Allan Poe’s story is quoted to show ______.A. how beautiful his writing isB. what a horror story is likeC. He was good at writing horror storiesD. His stories are dark and mysterious42. The word “ominous” in the first paragraph means ______.A. foreshadowing evilB. foretelling luckC. forecasting rainD. forbearing pain43. “Many kinds of fiction are self-explanatory” in the second paragraph means ______.A. they target ordinary readersB. they are easy to understandC. their categories show what they are aboutD. they often employ horror to develop their plots44. The most important element that makes a horror story is ______.A. uncertaintyB. suspensionC. irrationalityD. superstition45. The assumption behind horror stories is that ______.A. humanity is evil in natureB. humanity is basically goodC. humanity can be taught to be goodD. humanity can be explained46. The word “entombed” in the sixth paragraph means ______.A. wickedB. faintedC. woundedD. buried47. The word “slain” in the eighth paragraph means ______.A. capturedB. killedC. bittenD. beaten48. Stories of haunted houses deal with the theme of ______.A. vampiresB. zombiesC. werewolvesD. ghosts49. A typical example of a zombie story is ______.A. CarrieB. The Beast with Five FingersC. DraculaD. The Werewolf of London50. The purpose of this passage is to ______.A. persuadeB. informC. entertainD. reasonIV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your Answer Sheet.(10 points，2 points for each)51. The horror story is less easily defined，perhaps because other types of fiction so often use the trappings of terror to enhance their plots.52. Human beings have always acknowledged that there is evil in the world and a dark side to human nature that cannot be explained except perhaps in religious terms.53. Much horror literature is grounded in superstition，fear of demons，and the dread of death.54. Similar to the vampire legend is the story of the wolfman，the human being under a curse who turns into a half man，half wolf presumably when the moon is full.55. The belief that the dead can return to haunt and harm the living has long been an element offiction.V. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10 points)56. Do you like horror stories? Why or why not?VI. Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation on your Answer Sheet.(20 points，2 points each for 57-60，4 points for 61，8 points for 62)57.我很擅长这些欺骗手段，虽然我不能每次都骗得了自己。

浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试英语(一)试题课程代码：00012将全部答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不记分。

考试时间150分钟。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10points, 1 point for each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并写在答题纸相应的位置上。

1.The percentage of income tax _____ from person to person.It depends on one's salary.A.differsB.turnsC.changesD.varies2.Memory _____ the ability to remember past events and experience.A.focuses onB.relates toC.associates withD.refers to3.No one has been able to prove that fish is _____ for the brain than many other kinds of food.A.any bestB.any betterC.as goodD.so good4.By the time we got to the cinema,the film _____.A.has already begunB.had already begunC.is going to beginD.is just beginning5.Traditionally,the father earned money for the family while the mother __the house and thechildren.A.cared ofB.took care forC.cared forD.took care6.There are two classes of words which ,_____ together, make up the whole vocabulary.A.are takenB.to takeC.takenD.taking7.The solutions to real problems can not be seen _____.A.at beginningB.previouslyC.beforeD.in advance8.They came up with 1,500 old, unwanted items —all sorts of things they wanted to_____.A.get the rid ofB.get rid ofC.get the rid toD.get rid to9._____ the water, a plant takes up such parts of the soil as are dissolved in the water.A.BesideB.BesidesC.In additionD.Except10.There is great pleasure in watching wildlife in natural environments,and tourism can _____ theincome of countries.A.in additionB.be added atC.add toD.addition toⅡ.Mistake Recognition (10 points,1 point for each)下面的句子中每个句子都有四处划有横线并标以A、B、C、D，其中有一处是错误的。

2002年1月高等教育自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：00600Ⅰ.The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks followed by a list of words and expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (0.5 point for each, 12 points)1. They are always on _1_, always on the _2_ of failure, collectively and individually. They_3_,even the most secure and self assured of them, to look good on paper; And there is much paper for them to look good on. Each week, for example, a _4_ of the sales results of the _5_ week for each sales office and for the trial Sales Department as a whole for each division of the company is kept and compared to the sales results for the _6_ week of the year before.2. She had _7_to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise? She tried to _8_ each side of thequestion. In her home anyway she had _9_ and food; she had those whom she had known all her life about her. Of course she had to work hard, both in the house and at business. What would they say of her in the Stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow?Say she was a _10_, perhaps; and her place would be filled up by _11_.Miss Gavan would be glad. She had always had an _12_ on her, especially whenever there were people listening. 3. Most people, when they are free to fill their own time _13_according to their own choice, are _14_ to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be _15_doing.And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling _16_ something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to _17_ leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and _18_very few people have reached this level.4. Most disturbing of all was our discovery of the population explosion.It_19_ us rather suddenly that the number of _20_ on the small spaceship we inhabit is doubling about every forty years._21_ the earth's population keeps growing at this cancerous rate, all of the other problems appear virtually _22_.Our cities will continue to become more crowded and noisome. The _23_ will get more cluttered, the air and water even dirtier. The quality of life is _24_ to become steadily worse for everybody.A. advertisementB. at a lossC. at presentD. consentedE. correspondingF. dawned onG.edgeH. fillI. foolJ. insolubleK. landscapeL. leftM. likelyN. passengersO. precedingP. recordQ. shelterR. so long asS. strainT. thatU .trial V. verge W. weigh X. worthⅡ.There are 15 sentences with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only.(1 point for each, 15 points)1. This subject is not within the ___ of our investigation.2. Archeological discoveries strengthened the ___ that Troy once existed.3.___ your report we have decided to buy some new machines.4. Miss Robin went through the typescript carefully, to ___ all errors from it.5. Worded like that, the sentence ___ a rhetorical flavor.6.Having been called upon to present her thesis at the annual conference, she spent severalweeks ___ it.7. Everyone ___ for the weather to change, after this bitter winter.8. He was rather capricious, and his moods___ from great friendliness to sullen anger.9.___we admire Shakespeare's comedies, we cannot agree that they are superior to the tragedies.10. One of the problems the local authorities have to deal with is the ___ of plastic containers.11. They were prepared to ___ the possibility of finding empty seats in the theater.12. The chain store should make a substantial profit ___ satisfactory labor relations aremaintained.13. Jack is very keen on sport; ___, he plays tennis twice a week.14. It is generally acknowledged that television is the most powerful and of the media.15. He ___along as best he could, because he got a bad sprain in his ankle.A. among other things B .disposal C. disposition D. eliminateF. fluctuatedG. gamble onH. hobbledI. hypothesisJ. liberalK. liverL. Much as M. multiple N. national O. on the strength of P. pervasiveQ. polishing R. politics S. provided that T. register U. scopeV. takes on W. yearns X. yieldingⅢ.Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. (1 point for each, 15 points)1. She heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards (A. crunching, B.ambling) on the cinder path before the new red houses.2. The fact is that although network television still allots too little time to the vital service of informing the public, it does a better job in that little time than the nation's press ( A. on the whole, B. as a whole).3. Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are (A. compelled, B. propelled)into the midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends.4.“Somebody( A. stuffed, B. slipped)a rope round his neck and strangled him and you didn'twake up?”says Harry.5. I don't know what it is but it's a (A. lone, B. lonesome) place and always was.6. I find cooking a good way of (A. releasing, B. freeing) tension.7. Away from the madding crowd, many city-dwellers spend their weekends in the countrysideto enjoy (A. peace, B. tranquility)8. Obviously they were getting nowhere with their experiment, so they decided to (A. resist, B.desist) from it for the time being.9.“I'll come and give you a hand tomorrow.”“(A. Terrific B. Terrifying)!”10. The oil tanker was safely secured at the river mouth (A. by means of, B. by way of) steelcables.11. Some children are never thankful to their parents. They (A. take it for granted, B. take forgranted) what their parents have done for them.12. The theater would have closed (A. if, B. unless) the municipal government had refused togive extra money.13. To carry out this plan will (A. require, B. acquire) increasing our staff by 20 percent.14. The very sight of the police handcuffs sent (A. trembling, B. shivers) down his spine.15. He hardly knew that it was the medicine he had taken that (A. tempted, B. induced) hisdrowsiness.Ⅳ.Translate the following into English and write your translation on your answer sheet. (3 points each for 1-4, 6 points for 5)1.人们常说，广泛阅读是可供选择的最佳方案，但即使在这一方面也需要进行某些选择。

全国2018年1月自学考试英语写作试题课程代码：00603I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.The Advantages and Disadvantages of Y oung People's Early Independence Compared with the older generation, young people nowadays tend to be more independent at an earlier age. Some think it is good to young people; others worry about the possible negative impacts on them because of the lack of their parents' proper guidance. I am of the opinion that young people's early independence has both advantages and disadvantages.Many people believe that earlier independence helps young people understand the world better and accumulate more social experience, which is invaluable for their future life and career. As far as I am concerned, one learns best from practical experience. Thus early independence can offer more opportunities for young people to experience more without their parents' guidance. In this way, it is more likely for them to succeed and bring their talent into full play. Moreover, living on their own means, they have to face and overcome difficulties by themselves. Therefore, it may help them mold a sound and unyielding character on their way to strive for their independence and maturity.________________________________________________________________________ Therefore, young people should be well advised to give serious thought to both the advantages and disadvantages of early independence before making the decision to leave home and face life's challenges alone.II. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a "topic outline" for it.My Opinion on Campus Flea MarketAs we university students progress from one grade to another, we may find that besides other things, we have accumulated a large pile of things that are no longer useful, for example,1textbooks, test preparation materials, tapes and CDs. How to deal with the pile is really a big problem. Some throw them away, some keep them as souvenirs, and some sell them in the flea market on campus.The flea market has much to offer for sellers. Obviously it can help sellers get some money. By selling things that are no longer needed, they can cover some of the original cost. This can be of much importance to students who need money. Last semester I sold about 30 books in the flea market, and the money was enough to cover my food bill for almost a month. Besides, selling things in the flea market can also help sellers cultivate a good habit of making the fullest use of their belongings. This will prevent them from throwing things away at will, thus becoming a thrifty person.If it just benefits sellers, the flea market can not be so prosperous. In fact, buyers also gain a lot. Things sold in this place are usually much cheaper than the new ones in stores, but the function is almost the same. If students buy their textbooks and other reference books here, they can save about 200 yuan every semester. It is said that second-hand book stores are very popular in foreign countries, and many students from poor families finish their studies by getting most of the books there. In China there are also many students troubled by financial difficulty. If the university authorities can organize a regular flea market, many poor students will find it easier to finish their university.The third benefit, which is usually neglected, is the positive influence on environment. This may sound irrelevant, but in fact, if we use second-hand products, we can help save paper and printing materials, and this can greatly reduce the negative impact on the already fragile environment. What's more, if we develop the habit of reusing products, we can make our contribution to the establishment of recycling economy that the government is advocating. Experts estimate that if all the textbooks in universities can be used again, we can save about one hundred million yuan in environmental protection. This fully demonstrates the social significance of the tiny market place.Therefore, if well managed, flea markets on campus can benefit sellers, buyers and the whole society as well. Of course, some of the used things may become valuable souvenirs and we should keep them all our life. As for those things that we can get rid of, we should carry them to the flea market rather than to the dustbin.2III. Compose an essay (60 points)Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which view do you agree with? Write an essay of about 300 words discussing this issue with the title “Are Teachers Necessary in the Process of Learning?”3。

全国2009年1月高等教育自学考试高级英语答案解析（课程代码：00600）I. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks followed by a list of words andexpressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (0.5 point for each. 12 points)1-6 D O C N V X【解析】此段摘自13课work第2段。

要求考生熟悉课文。

①此处要填名词，下面有6个名词，带入句子只有preventive意思符合工作之所以被人们渴望，首先，它可以预防厌烦。

②固定搭配comparison with。

③固定搭配associate with,此句可转化为with associated this advantage of work is namely that……④此句缺状语成分。

when为时间状语的引导句。

⑤此处需动词原形，下面有5个动词，带入句子只有impair符合句意，义为有些人努力的工作消耗了他大量的精力很可能是他在他的闲余时间发现更多的乐趣，比那些懒惰的人发现的还多。

7-12. W E U P T F【解析】此段摘自课文第6段。

①此处需填副词，下面只有两个副词，ago符合句意。

②理解句意，她给我一个补偿睡眼的很灵验的办法。

remedy义为补偿。

③此处缺逻辑宾语，在这里又要做performing的逻辑主语，所以只能选herself。

④此处需填名词，带入句子，只有action符合句意。

浙江省2018年1月自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：10056I. After each sentence, four options are given. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write the letter of your choice in the brackets on the Answer Sheet.（40%）1. ______ work has been done to improve the people's living standard.A. ManyB. A great manyC. A large number ofD. A great deal of2. My best friend and advisor ______ changed ______ mind again.A. have; theirB. has; hisC. are; theirD. was; his3. The number of the people applying for the job ______ increasing.A. areB. isC. is beingD. are being4. I'm not sure whether we'll go on ______ foot or by ______bike.A. the; theB. / ; theC. / ; /D. the; /5. The event took place during ______.A. First World WarB. the First World WarC. World War the OneD. the World War One6. Every teacher and student here is proud of ______ school.A. hisB. herC. theirD. everyone's7. I don't want ______ of the magazines. Please show me ______.A. any; the otherB. both; anotherC. either; anotherD. neither; the other8. He bought two______ eggs.A. dozenB. dozensC. dozen ofD. dozens of9. The homework for today is to write ______ about your hometown.A. a five-hundred-word compositionB. a five-hundred-words compositionC. a five-hundreds-word compositionD. a five-hundreds-words composition10. “Who is the older, you or Peter?”“I am. I am ______ than my friend.”A. older 2 yearsB. 2 years olderC. years elderD. 2 year's older11. From here we can see the bridge ______ construction.A. onB. underC. atD. with12. ______ fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.A. Except forB. But forC. BesidesD. Beside13. Please ______ these paper on her desk. They will ______ there for her to check tomorrow.A. lie; lieB. lay; lieC. lie; layD. lay; lay14. They ______ shopping, when someone knocked at the door.A. are about to goB. are to goC. were about to goD. were to go15. Is there anything you want from the town? I am going to get ______.A. those letters mailedB. mailed lettersC. to mail those lettersD. those letters mail16. I would have bought that radio set but I ______ enough money with me.A. had not hadB. did not haveC. have not hadD. had to17. The professors gave orders that the test ______ before 10:30.A. will finishB. will be finishedC. be finishedD. shall finish18. Einstein treated the little girl as if she ______ his own child.A. wereB. had beenC. would beD. should be19. When a friend gave Jim a ticket to the games, he ______go.A. couldn't helpB. can butC. couldn't help butD. just have to20. Two days later I received a letter ______ me a job. At that time I was too ______ to say a word.A. offering; excitedB. offering; excitingC. offer; excitedD. offered; excited21. I feel like ______ to the owner of the house to complain.A. to writeB. writingC. writeD. having written22. Peter regretted ______ the earlier flight.A. not having takenB. to have not takenC. not to takeD. he would not take23. “May I stop work a little earlier tonight?”“No, you ______.”A. needn'tB. can'tC. won'tD. shouldn't24. “I had to walk home yesterday. I had no money for my fare.”“You ______ me! I could have lent you the money!”A. ought to tellB. must have toldC. must tellD. should have told25. ______ the box, and you will find a beautiful present in it.A. When openB. If you openC. OpenD. Opening26. My brother likes country music, ______ I like pop music.A. whenB. exceptC. whileD. because27. There can be no doubt ______ he is fit for the job.A. thatB. whetherC. ifD. which28. ______ can be seen from his face, he is quite satisfied.A. ThatB. ItC. WhichD. As29. ______ air is to man, so is water to fish.A. LikeB. AsC. SinceD. Just like30. It was in that small room______ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A. whereB. in whichC. whichD. that31. Not until he arrived home ______ he find that his gold watch had been stolen.A. didB. wouldC. whenD. that32. We stopped to help the old lady ______.A. although in a hurryB. although she was in a hurryC. although been in a hurryD. although being in a hurry33. John said he did not care ______ popular music.A. ofB. atC. inD. for34. I don't think he is the right person for the job, ______?A. do IB. don't IC. isn't heD. is he35. The weather ______ very cold as soon as the night fell.A. was going to beB. wasC. was gettingD. was to be36. People with full-time student status are all eligible ______ the financial aid.A. toB. withC. forD. in37. This is the best biography ______ I have read of Churchill.A. whomB. whatC. thatD. which38. The captain, together with the crew, ______ determined not to abandon the ship until all the passengers were aboard the lifeboats.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. have39. The news weatherman said that he had never seen ______ in all his years as a meteorologist.A. such a bad weatherB. such bad a weatherC. such bad weathersD. such bad weather40. Human facial expressions differ from ______.A. animalsB. that of animalsC. those animalsD. those of animalsII. Each of the following sentences has four words or phrases underlined. They are marked A, B, C and D. You are to identify the one underlined word or phrase that is inappropriate and write the letter of your choice in the brackets on the Answer Sheet.（10%）41. A scientist bases its work on hypotheses that have been checked through carefulA B C Dexperimentation.42. Even though he had been trained by experts, the technician did not perform good enough on theA B C Djob.43. Of all the works of art shown in this exhibition hall the thing I like more is the needle -workA B Cproduced by the workers of Shanghai.D44. Live broadcast were once the only way to hear music on the radio.A B C D45. The evolution of metaphor during the Romantic period was largely similar toA B Csatire during that period.D46. The sun warms the earth, this makes it possible for plants to grow.A B C D47. Glanced up at my tired face, she asked, in a caressing voice, how I was feeling.A B C D48. Modern advertising is used as frequently to promote ideas and positions as it is to sale products.A B C D49. Mary usually arrives at the office at nine o'clock, but because the storm, she was two hours lateA B C Dthis morning.50. Dick and Ann have been to Paris many times but none of them can speak French.A B C DIII. Read the following sentences and decide what forms of the given verbs should be used. Then write your answers on the Answer Sheet. （10%）51. When we ______ (take) our exam, we'll have a holiday.52. I ______( come) to see you tomorrow, but now I find I can't.53. I hope they ______ ( repair) this road by the time we come back next summer and then we can take it.54. Neither Hugh nor Don ______( have) a dollar right now.55. These hamburgers are great! They ______ ( must make ) by Henry himself.56. Don't make a sound or you will wake the baby; and then he ______ ( not get) to sleep again.57. Until yesterday, I ______( never hear ) about it.58. I ______ (want) to send you a message by E mail but my computer broke down.59. We'd rather you ______ ( keep) silent about the matter.60. Look at these black clouds—there ______( be) a storm.IV. Read the following incomplete sentences and decide what non finite forms of the given verbs should be used. Then write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(10%)61. When the painter felt the ladder ______ ( begin) to slip, he grabbed the gutter to save himself from falling.62. Excuse me asking, but what effect does your ______( husband, be) a teacher have on your children?63. They have been unable to find the ______ ( sink) ship under the sea.64. What a fool I was ______ ( expect) him to help me!65. Did you have any trouble ______ ( control) those children?66. I hope ______ ( invite) to the party.67. I saw a wallet on the road and stopped ______ ( pick) it up.68. Her friend never imagined her ______( take ) care of a large family after she got married.69. I don't think it wise ______ ( encourage) young people to defy authorities.70. If you think you can still fool me into ______ ( believe) your promise, you are wrong.V. Each of the following problems consists of a complete sentence and an unfinished one. You are to complete, on the Answer Sheet, the unfinished sentence in such a way that it keeps almost the same meaning of the complete sentence.(10%)71. It is more than likely that she will succeed as an actress.She has a very good chance ________________________.72. It is a shame that they haven't notified you of it.It is a shame for ________________________.73. I enjoy playing football much more than watching it.I much prefer ________________________.74. It's not even barely possible that he had the guts to defy the club rule.He can't ________________________.75. She had rarely been in such an awkward situation.Rarely ________________________.VI. In the following sentences, some parts are underlined. You are to rewrite, on the Answer Sheet, the underlined parts without changing the original meanings, using the structures suggested in the brackets and making other necessary changes.(10%)76. I remember the thief taking my handbag. (Passive voice)77. I don't know his birthday or birthplace. ( Object clause)78. John is the best qualified man for the job I can imagine. (Adverbial clause of comparison: more ...than...)79. He swore that he would take revenge on his father's murderer.( Infinitive phrase)80. She did not know what to do, so she turned to her parents for advice. ( Participle)VII. Each of the following problems consists of some sentences. You are to combine, on the Answer Sheet, the sentences into a complex one containing the kind of subordinate clause indicated in the brackets.(10%)81. People ought to learn to understand each other. This is very important. (Subject clause)82. In the valley stands a cottage. There grows a tall tree in front of the cottage. ( Attributive clause)83. Yesterday they were singing and dancing loudly upstairs late into the night. I couldn't fall asleep. ( Adverbial clause of result)84. He sent a telegram. He wanted his mother to learn the good news in time. ( Adverbial clause of purpose)85. They decided to work all night. All of them took turns. ( Absolute construction)。

全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语（一）试题课程代码：00794Ⅰ.用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。

（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）1．It _______ time to build trust among people from different places.A．spends B．takesC．finds D．pays2．She is a well-educated young woman of _______ parents.A．respect B．respectfulC．respectable D．respective3．I usually _______ as soon as my head touches the pillow.A．go to bed B．sleepC．asleep D．fall asleep4．_______ it rains, we will have a picnic this Saturday.A．If B．As long asC．Though D．Unless5．The teacher read the text _______ fast that the students could not follow him.A．too B．soC．very D．such6．_______ you have recited the story, you should be able to retell it.A．Now that B．AlthoughC．In case D．For fear that7．The old lady will have her teeth _______ in the dentist’s tomorrow.A．fixed B．to fixC．fixing D．be fixed8．The teacher asked the students _______ to read the words on the blackboard.A．on the turn B．at turnC．out of the turn D．in turn19．The girl was so seriously injured that she had _______ at once.A．to operate B．to be operatedC．to operate on D．to be operated on 10．There is a heap of dirty clothes waiting _______.A．to be washed B．to washingC．for to wash D．washing11．To answer correctly is more important than _______.A．answered quickly B．a quick answer C．quickly answered D．to answer quickly 12．She put on a lot of weight after _______ two children.A．born B．being bornC．giving birth to D．birth13．I asked him_______.A．where did he buy the book B．where he bought the book C．where he buys the book D．where he buy the book 14．As a rule, _______ cars are much cheaper than new ones.A．using B．being usedC．used D．having been used 15．His boss asked him to _______ a plan for the project within a week.A．turn out B．work outC．came out D．draw out16．Beijing is different _______ Shanghai in many ways.A．from B．asC．to D．between17．The farmers _______ in the field since eight o’clock in the morning.A．have been working B．are workingC．had worked D．were working18．It was _______ that there was nobody on the street.A．so cold day B．such a cold dayC．a day so cold D．such cold day19．He had no sooner seen the letter _______ he started back home.A．when B．whileC．than D．that220．By the end of last year, he _______ English for seven years.A．has studied B．has been studying C．had studied D．studied21．I _______ he would finish the job on time. So I wasn’t worried at all . A．thought B．was thinking C．had thought D．has thought 22．His mother lived with him for quite _______.A．much time B．sometime C．some time D．sometimes 23．Let’s meet at the garden _______ you can see some red roses.A．which B．thatC．whose D．where24．The young man found life in Beijing enormously _______.A．exciting B．excited C．excitement D．excite25．She never forgave her father for breaking his _______.A．promote B．perfection C．promise D．protection 26．The cave _______ us from the heavy rain.A．guarded B．fought C．sheltered D．shadowed 27．The abuse of drugs can have very serious and long-lasting _______ on a person. A．efforts B．affectsC．results D．effects28．The old man observed him _______ the room with a bag.A．entered B．entering C．enters D．is entering29．He proposed that we _______ next Sunday.A．meeting B．shall meet C．meet D．will meet30．He strongly objected to _______ like a child.A．be treated B．being treated C．treat D．treating3Ⅱ.认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。

全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语（一）试题课程代码：00794请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. 用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。

（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）1. The baby laughed ______ he understood what his mother said.A. as ifB. asC. as yetD. like2. ______ he said at the meeting was beyond our wildest expectation.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. Why3. She could not help ______ when she heard the terrible news.A. to cryB. criedC. to have criedD. crying4. This baby seldom cries ______ he is tired.A. howeverB. whetherC. unlessD. if5. The job would require that he ______ at the factory at 7 o’clock every morning.A. will beB. beC. wasD. is6. Without his unselfish help, we ______ in our experiment.A. should not succeedB. will not succeedC. have not succeededD. could not have succeeded7. Where ______ hide themselves?A. you think can the criminalsB. do you think can the criminalsC. do you think the criminals canD. you think the criminals can8. ______ that he had completed designing a new device of laser, we came to congratulate him on his success.A. To have heardB. Having heard1C. Being heardD. Having been heard9. When he returned to his seat in the waiting room, he found his luggage ______.A. missedB. missingC. being missedD. to be missed10. The heavy rain ______, we went on with our journey and got there twenty minutes later.A. was stoppedB. stoppingC. having stoppedD. being stopped11. Energy can never be obtained from nothing, ______.A. nor it can ever be destroyedB. nor can it ever be destroyedC. nor can ever be destroyedD. nor ever can be destroyed12. The man speaking at the platform was Dr. Wells, ______ the party was given.A. in his honorB. for his honorC. in whose honorD. for whose honor13. Beethoven, the great musician, wrote nine symphonies in his life, ______ after he had lost his hearting.A. most of them writtenB. most of which writtenC. but most of which writtenD. which was most written14. It was because he was in a dangerous condition ______ the doctor decided to operate on him.A. thatB. so thatC. soD. in which15. No sooner had he finished the last bit of food ______ the waiter came and cleared the table.A. thenB. thanC. thatD. thus16. Once ______ oxygen for more than five to seven minutes, the brain will be given damage that cannot be repaired.A. escaped fromB. deprived ofC. divided byD. drunk in17. I live in the city, but on weekends, I sometimes go to the countryside ______ a change.A. withB. forC. onD. to218. Although ten years has passed, the sweet smile of his late wife is still ______ his mind.A. inB. overC. onD. along19. It is easy to make a promise, but hard to ______ it.A. keepB. maintainC. remainD. continue20. Scientists Will have to come ______ new methods of increasing the world’s food supply.A. up withB. down withC. up forD. down to21. He often acts ______ what will happen afterwards.A. apart fromB. as a resultC. with regardD. regardless of22. An optimistic person always looks ______ rather than lives in sad memories.A. upB. outC. aheadD. through23. The light and radio in his room are on. He ______ home.A. could beB. must beC. has to beD. needs to be24. Whenever the young man ran ______ difficulties, he would turn to his father for help.A. intoB. overC. out ofD. short of25. For example, the English used by a Canadian is not exactly like ______ used by an English.A. oneB. thatC. whatD. those26. Arthur has such a(an) ______ personality that everyone likes him.A. pleasantB. easyC. criticalD. demanding27. He was never ______. He didn’t want either fame or wealth. He just wanted to live a peaceful life.A. interestingB. purposeful3C. prejudicedD. ambitious28. Travel in space can be exciting; nevertheless it can be boring and lonely ______.A. sometimeB. some timeC. at timeD. at times29. Having been told that the inspector was coming to our class today, we all tried our best to ______ ourselves.A. showB. presentC. behaveD. defend30. I was very upset at ______ a business trip to Beijing at this crucial moment.A. his takingB. he takesC. he tookD. him to takeⅡ. 认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。

全国1月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题及答案解析全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题课程代码：00015本试题分选择题和非选择题两部分。

选择题1至7页，非选择题8至9页，共9页。

选择题50分，非选择题50分，满分100分。

将全部答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。

考试时间150分钟。

PART ONEⅠ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并写在答题纸的相应括号内。

1.He had a large ( )of facts to prove his statements.A. sumB. amountC. dealD. number2.( ) Japanese, she has to study another foreign language.A. ExceptB. Except forC. In addition toD. Beside3.It is not until about the time a child enters school ( ) outside forces contribute to feelings about the self.A. whenB. whichC. whoD. that4.Scientists will have to come up ( ) new methods of increasing the world’s food supply.B. withC. againstD. for5.It is impossible to solve ( ) in such a short time.A. so difficult a problemB. so difficult problemC. a so difficult problemD. so a difficult problem6.The decision( ),the next problem was how to make a good plan.A. having madeB. having been madeC. has been madeD. having been making7.We take this opportunity of expressing our sincere ( ) of your help.A. competitionB. attentionC. concentrationD. appreciation8.An assembly line makes it impossible for a worker to do anything ( ) work.A. other thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. better than9.We must cut ( )our expenses ,or we’ll run out of money.A. downB. offD. out10. ( ) whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision.A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet knownC. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet knownⅡ.Colze Test(10 points,1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

浙江2018年1月自考英语语法试题课程代码：10056I. After each sentence, four options are given. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (40%)1. Housekeepers at that time were mostly ( )A. manservantsB. menservantsC. man servantsD. men servants2. Now I want to give you ( )A. some adviceB. advicesC. an adviceD. the advices3. The earthquake caused _____damage to the city.( )A. manyB. fewC. a fewD. much4. Though they are complete strangers, they behave as if they _____friends for years.( )A. wereB. areC. have beenD. had been5. All passengers _____before getting on board the plane.( )A. will checkB. will have checkedC. will be checkedD. will been checked6. It is necessary that he _____his work on time.( )A. accomplishB. can accomplishC. accomplishesD. has accomplish7. He _____his homework yesterday, so he could not go to see the film.( )A. must doB. must have to doC. has to doD. had to do8. There has been an increasing number of _____in primary schools in the past few years.( )A. man teachersB. men teachers1C. man’s teachersD. men’s teachers9. Turn left at the second ( )A. crossroadsB. crossroadC. crossing roadsD. crossing road10. This is an excellent film. I like it better _____I have seen.( )A. than any otherB. than anyC. the bestD. the best of all11. He had an extraordinary passion _____Shakespeare.( )A. inB. withC. ofD. for12. Why were you absent _____school yesterday?( )A. inB. fromC. duringD. of13. _____Newcastle was excited at the news.( )A. WholeB. AllC. The whole ofD. All the14. Susan is _____her husband is intelligent.( )A. more beautiful thanB. so beautiful asC. as beautiful asD. more intelligent than15. She works in the hospital _____people regard as the best one.( )A. whereB. in whichC. whichD. what16. She was _____I met at the meeting last time.( )A. the oneB. whoC. the one whatD. that17. He always did well at school _____having his early education disrupted by illness.( )A. on account ofB. in spite of2C. in addition toD. even though18. _____little we may like it, old age comes to most of us.( )A. DespiteB. HoweverC. SoD. As19. The Prime Minister and Party leader of that country _____recently.( )A. have resignedB. resignC. resignsD. has resigned20. Each of us, who has just come back from abroad, _____something to say.( )A. haveB. hasC. have hadD. having21. Neither of your two answers _____correct.( )A. isB. areC. wereD. have been22. He left orders that nothing _____touched until the police arrived here.( )A. should beB. ought to beC. must beD. would be23. _____to have dinner with us today?( )A. Would you likeB. Do you likeC. Will you likeD. Have you like24. He likes to order _____than he can eat.( )A. food moreB. little foodC. more foodD. least food25. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _____in Africa.( )A. huntedB. huntingC. that huntedD. are hunted26. Don’t start riding the high horse. These people are not _____you at all.( )A. more inferior thanB. inferior to3C. inferior fromD. inferiorer than27. To keep _____confusing your readers, always put modifying phrases and clauses near the words they modify.( )A. onB. offC. backD. from28. London has a larger population than _____in the United Kingdom.( )A. any cityB. any citiesC. any other cityD. all the cities29. There are _____than the mayor of the town.( )A. more intelligent monkeysB. much more intelligent monkeysC. monkeys more intelligentD. more monkeys intelligent30. See that ev erything the landlady promised to do is completed before you move in. Don’t fall _____empty promises.( )A. onB. forC. overD. against31. Not that I mean to find fault _____you, for such things I know are all chance in the world.( )A. toB. forC. withD. on32. Although Angela was the most aggressive and successful salesperson in the firm, her boss passed her by _____a promotion.( )A. forB. onC. withD. off33. The room was too cold without heating and too small for a family of four. _____, it was better than I had expected.( )A. HoweverB. ButC. FurthermoreD. Still34. Have you found anything _____we can use for the project?( )4A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who35. A new war broke _____between the two countries.( )A. outB. downC. offD. up36. I hired a boat _____we could go fishing.( )A. providedB. so as thatC. so thatD. in order to37. The Great Wall is the place _____almost all tourists would like to visit when they came to China.( )A. whereB. of whichC. in whichD. which38. Rather than _____the risk of losing anything, they accepted his term.( )A. to runB. runC. runningD. ran39. You _____Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.( )A. needn’t have toldB. needn’t tellC. mustn’t have toldD. mustn’t tell40. We need an instrument _____size must be small.( )A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. whatII. Each of the following sentences has four words or phrases underlined. They are marked A, B, C and D. You are to identify the one underlined word or phrase that is inappropriate. (10%)( )41. In your all three sentences the active form is acceptable, but not the passive.A B C D( )42. His all movements are being watched.A B C D( )43. If it is to rain tomorrow, we’ll have to cancel the game.A B C D5( )44. The little daughter of your brother’s is really a dear.A B C D( )45. Law and order were not recovered until after the war.A B C D( )46. Insects will make it impossible for us to live in the world, but for the protection we getA B Cfrom insect-eating animals.D( )47. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe, indeed the whole human societyA Bneed to change its attitude to racial problems.C D( )48. At school he found that he hated eating in the dining room, studied for his chemistryA B Cclass, and doing his washing.D( )49. If she hadn’t lost her passport, she wouldn’t get stuck at the customs.A B C D( )50. Office revolution has not only changed how work is done but redefine the function ofA B Ceveryone who works in an office.DIII. Read the following sentences and decide what forms of the given verbs should be used. (10%)51. You _____ (be) in the bathroom for ages. Haven’t you nearly finished?52. The doctor _____ (feel) my pulse. He says it feels normal.53. Bill _____ (have) several jobs since he was at Harvard.54. The food _____ (smell) awful. Throw it away before the children eat it.655. When I woke up, the wind _____ (blow) no longer.56. By the time we got there, the play _____ (already begin).57. Television _____ (be) very popular in the United States since the fifties.58. When it touches a cold surface, water vapor _____ (condense).59. Mary _____ (spend) her holiday in London this month.60. It is high time that we _____ (begin) the meeting.IV. Read the following incomplete sentences and decide what non-finite forms of the given verbs should be used. (10%)61. The committee decided _____ (put) him on probation for two weeks.62. I don’t think it wise _____ (encourage) young people to defy authorities.63. They don’t permit _____ (smoke) in public places.64. Don’t take his words seriously if he professes _____ (know) everything about your history.65. I’m sure it’ll do you good if you admit _____ (make) the m istake.66. We managed _____ (talk) him into accepting our terms.67. It does not matter whether or not he regrets _____ (do) that now.68. I happened _____ (come) across the book once.69. They seem _____ (make) wonderful progress in their work.70. You are lucky _____ (get) a ticket to the show.V. Each of the following problems consists of a complete sentence and an unfinished one. You are to complete the unfinished sentence in such a way that it keeps almost the same meaning of the complete sentence. (10%)71. All people with a sense of decency will look down upon such conduct.Such conduct _____.72. That he should be taken to hospital at once is imperative.It is _____.73. Her speech was so touching that everybody was moved to tears.So touching was _____.74. She may be tactless, but you should not think her ungrateful.7Tactless she may be, _____.75. To look up each word in the dictionary takes too much time.It takes _____.VI. In the following sentences, some parts are underlined. You are to rewrite the underlined parts without changing the original meanings, using the structures suggested in the brackets and making other necessary changes. (10%)76. He was obliged to sell his car in order to pay his debts. (Modal verb)77. It is natural that she will take care of her little brother. (Disjunct)78. He is a brave man and he will always be a brave man. (Fronting)79. You cannot marry my daughter until three Sundays come in a week. (Inversion)80. He is the only student who applies for financial aid in this school. (Discontinuity)VII. Each of the following problems consists of some sentences. You are to combine the sentences into a complex one containing the kind of subordinate clause indicated in the brackets. (10%)81. Carlos decided to renew the lease on his New York apartment. He was growing tired of city life. (Adverbial clause of concession)82. I must thank the people. I got a lot of presents from them. (Relative clause)83. It shines tomorrow. We shall make hay. (Adverbial clause of condition)84. She stole the money. They told me this. (Object clause)85. Will it rain tomorrow? It is still unclear. (Subject clause)8。