中考英语复习专项讲义——冠词
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中考复习专项讲义——冠词
一. 冠词的分类
冠词分为定冠词the、不定冠词a/an和零冠词。
二. 冠词的用法
1. 不定冠词a / an 的用法
不定冠词a / an表示微弱的“一”的概念,但并不强调数目,只表示名词为不特定者。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词或者字母前,an用在以元音因素开头的单词或者字母前。
① 表示数量“一”。 a book 一本书 an egg 一个鸡蛋
① 笼统地指某人或者某物,但不具体说明。 There is a car in the yard. 院子里有一辆小汽车。
① 泛指某一类人或事物。 A horse is a useful animal 马是有用的动物。
① 表示首次提到的人或者事物(常用语介绍用语中)。 This is a key. 这是一把钥匙。
① 表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。 There is an elephant in the zoo. 动物园里有一头大象。
① 用于抽象名词前,使抽象名词具体化,表示“一次、一种、一场”等。 It’s a pleasure to talk with you.
和你谈话很愉快。
① 用于某些固定搭配中。 have a look 看一看 take a walk 散步 have a good time 过得愉快
2. 定冠词the的用法
The是定冠词,表示特指的人、物或群体,起作用有时相当于指示代词this, that, these, those, 表示“这(个),那(个),这些,那些”。
① 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:
The book on the desk is a storybook. (特指桌上的那本书)
① 指说话人与听话人彼此所熟悉的人或事物。如:
Let’s meet at the bus station. (双方都知道的那个汽车站)
① 复述上文提过的人或事物。如:
What’s this? It’s a schoolbag. The schoolbag is Liu Tao’s. (这个书包即上文所提的那个书包)
① 表示在世界上独一无二的事物。
The sun, the moon, the sky等。
① 演奏乐器时,乐器的名称前加the。如:
play the guitar, play the piano, play the violin等。
① 在序数词、形容词最高级前,常常用定冠词the。如:
Shanghai is the biggest city of China.
My house is on the second floor of the building.
① 下面一些说法中习惯上须用定冠词the。如:
in the morning , in the afternoon, in the evening.
3. 零冠词的用法 1).名词前有this, that, my , your, whose, some, any , no ,each, every等词时,不用冠词。如:
That is my hat.
I love every book.
Whose ruler is it?
2).季节、月份、星期几、节日、假日等名称前,一般不用冠词。如:
New Year’s Day; National Day; May Day; Children’s Day; Christmas Day
Spring is coming.
Today is Monday.
In January, there are thirty-one days.
3).称呼语前面,不用冠词,表示头衔和职务的名词的前面也通常不用冠词。如:
Mr. Smith is doctor of science.
What does this sign mean, Dad ?
4).某些固定词组里,名词之前通常不用冠词。如:
by bus, by car, on foot, go to school, at home, after class, go to bed
5).三餐饭的名称前,通常不用冠词。如:
It’s time to have breakfast.
After lunch , we are going to the zoo.
What did you have for supper?
6).球类运动和棋类运动前不加冠词。如:
I like playing football.
Let’s play chess together.
巩固练习
1:She went to ________ European university to study art. ________ university is really amazing.
A. an; An B. a; A C. a; The D. the; The
答案: C
解析:考查冠词。第一个空后university为首次出现的可数名词单数,European开口发音为半元音,所以用不定冠词a,第二个空university第二次出现,所用定冠词the。故选C。
2. It’s ________ black.It’s ________ black ruler.
A. /; / B. a; / C. /; a D. a; a 答案: C
解析:考查冠词。第一个空后black为颜色,所以不填;第二个空后black ruler为可数名词单数,故填a。
3.Tianjin is ________ beautiful city in ________ north of China.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; / D. /; the
答案: B
解析:考查冠词。第一个空city为首次出现的可数名词单数,beautiful开口发音为辅音,故填a;第二个空方位前需加定冠词the。故选B。
4. —Do you know ________ girl in red?
—Sure. She’s my classmate Mary.
A. the B. a C. an
D.\
答案: A
解析:考查冠词。girl后有介词短语,所以需要定冠词the。
5. There is ________ American boy in our class and ________ boy can speak good Chinese.
A. an; the B. an; an C. a; an D. a; the
答案: A
解析:考查冠词。第一个空后American boy为首次出现的可数名词单数,American开口发音为元音,所以用不定冠词an,第二个空boys第二次出现,所用定冠词the。
6. —Look! Who’s ________ boy over there?
—Oh, he is my cousin, Bob. He is ________ honest boy.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; an D. a; an
答案: C
解析:考查冠词。第一个空后有介词短语,所以需要定冠词the,第二个空honest boy为首次出现的可数名词单数,honest开口发音为元音,所用用不定冠词an。
7. Mr. Smith is ________ old man and he usually walks his dog after ________ supper.
A. a; the B. an; a C. an; 不填 D. the; 不填
答案: C 解析:考查冠词。第一个空需要表示数量的不定冠词,old开口发音为元音,所以填不定冠词an,第二个空,“三餐”前不加冠词。
8. We should make ________ effort (做出努力) to make Jack give up ________ silly plan.
A. an; the B. an; a C. the; a D. the; the
答案: A
解析:考查冠词。第一个空为固定搭配,第二个空后有修饰成分,故选A。
9. The word (单词) “map” has ________ “a” and ________ “p”.
A. a; an B. an; a C. a; a D. /; a
答案: B
解析:考查冠词。“a”开口发音为元音,“p”开口发音为辅音,故选B。
10. Edward and William are brothers. There is ________ uncommon similarity between ________ two boys.
A.an; 不填 B.an; the C.a; 不填 D.a; the
答案: B
解析:考查冠词,第一个空uncommon开口发音为元音,第二个空后的two boys特指前文出现的Edward and
William,故选B。