学而思新概念语法整理

  • 格式:pdf
  • 大小:300.80 KB
  • 文档页数:45

语法一:

人称代词

人称代词第一人

称第二人

称第三人称

数复

数单

数复

数单数复数

词主

格I we you you he she it they

格me us you you him her it them

句型转化(Be动词做谓语)

肯定句:主语+be动词

否定句:主语+be动词+not

一般疑问句:be动词+主语? 物主代词

I we you you he she it they

my our your your his her its their

特殊疑问句:

What colour is…?It’s red.

What nationality are you? I’m Chinese.

Where are you from? I’m from China.

Where do you come from? I come from China. Whose bag is it? It’s my bag.

What’s your job?I’m a mechanic.

What’s the weather like?It’s sunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy.What’s the climate like?It’s pleasant/warm/wet/dry.

语法二:

一、不可数名词

定义:“抽刀断水水更流”(难以分开的一个整体,不可分割的事物)。

特点:

1、前面无a/an,后无s;

2、表达复数用量词修饰,量词可数;

Eg. Milk-a bottle of milk-two bottles ofmilk

Soap-abar of soap-three bars of soap 二、some和any用法

相同点:表示一些,后面都可加可数名词复数或不可数名词

不同点:some常用在肯定句,但是在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定

回答时,多用some而不用any;

any用在否定句和疑问句。三、指代用法

One指代可数名词单数

Ones指代可数名词复数

Any可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词四、句型

1、Do you like…?

Yes, I do.

Yes, I do. But I don’t want…No, I don’t.

2、Do you want…?

Yes, please. No,thank you / thanks. I don’t like… . 五.名词复数特殊变化规则:

可数名词的不规则复数变

化woman-women, man-men, tooth-teeth,deer-deer, child-children,

fish-fish, foot-feet,goose-geese, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen

国人变化:中日两瑞永不变,

英法荷兰A变E,其他国人S

加后边.Japanese --Japanes;Englishman---Englishmen ;

Chinese—Chinese;German—Germans ;American—Americans

语法三

一、介词

in 在….里

on 在….上under 在….下面

beside 在….旁边

between 在两者中间

among 三者或以上中间

over 在….上(无接触面的垂直上方;从一端到另一端)

above 在….上(无接触面的上方,不一定垂直)

across 横穿、穿过(强调从表面越过)

through 穿过(强调从中间穿过)

along 沿着

二、There be句型与have got句型

1.There be句型:定义:某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物)。

句型结构:肯定句:There is+ 单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点

There are+复数可数名词+地点

否定句(be动词后加not):

There is not+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点

There are not+复数可数名词+地点疑问句(be动词提前):

Is there +单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点? Are there +复数可数名词+地点?特点:“就近原则"

2.have got句型:定义:它表示某物归某人(某物)所有,是一种所属关系。

句型结构:否定句:在have或has后加not,缩写为haven’t或hasn’t.

疑问句:把have或has提前特点:主语为第三人称单数时,have要变成has。

语法三:《小升初小练兵》

1.There is a bridge _______ the river. A. over B. on C. above D. below

2.They spent about ten days to go _______the big desert(沙漠).

A.across B. through C. over D. along

3.用there be或have got填空:

1) I ________ a good father and a good mother.

2) ________ any books in the bookcase?

3) ________ a picture and a clock on the wall.

4) She ________ some dresses.

5) What does Mike ________?

语法四一般现在时

一般现在时用法

(1)表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作。

often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,everyday每天,sometimes 有时(2)表示事物的状态或特征

There is a scar on his forehead. (3)表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 注:只有在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。

动词变为第三人称单数形式的变化规则:

1.多数在动词后+s (1)直接在动词词尾加-s.

play — plays like — likes stay---stays

ask---asks work---works get---gets (2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.

watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does

go---goes pass---passes

(3)以“辅音字母加- y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.

try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies

2.不规则变化:be---- is have----has

一般现在时的句子转换:陈述句(肯定句):主语加动词原形/动词第三人称单数;

( 主语+ do/does...)一般疑问句:在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she, he, it)变成问句;

(Do/Does + 主语+ 动词原形...)否定句:在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I, you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she, he, it)变

成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。

(主语+ don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形...)例:

肯定句: I like grapes.

否定句: I don’t like grapes.

一般疑问句: Do you like grapes?

肯定句:She gets up early every morning.

否定句→She doesn’t get up early every morning.

一般疑问句→Does she get up early every morning?

语法五现在进行时态

一、现在进行时态的含义

表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

二、现在进行时各种句式的结构

肯定句:主语+ am/is/are + V.ing

E.g. We are having a class. He is painting.

She is playing.

否定句:主语+ am/is/are + V.ing

E.g. We are not having a class.

He is not painting.

She is not playing.

疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语+ V.ing

E.g. Are you having a class?

Is he painting?

Is she playing?

三、动词变化规则

(1)“直”:一般情况下,直接加ing,

如:do-doing,cook-cooking,stand-standing

(2)“去”:以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,

如:come-coming,dance-dancing

(3)“双”:重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ing,

如:run-running, stop-stopping

swim-swimming, forget-forgetting

双写规则:1、重读在词尾;

2、闭音节(短音节);

3、单辅音字母(在一般情况下,如果某一单词是以一个辅音字母结尾,而这个辅音的前面是读长元音

或双元音,就不能双写这个辅音字母。如read-reading, think-thinking等。)

(4)“改”:改ie为y,加ing

如:die-dying lie-lying