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汉文名英文名高分子（大分子）macro molecule, polymer 超高分子supra polymer天然高分子natural polymer无机高分子inorganic polymer有机高分子organic polymer无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer 金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer 元素高分子element polymer高聚物high polymer聚合物Polymer低聚物（齐聚物）Oligomer二聚体Dimer三聚体Trimer调聚物telomer预聚物prepolymer均聚物homopolymer无规聚合物random polymer无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer 头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer规整聚合物regular polymer非规整聚合物irregular polymer无规立构聚合物atactic polymer全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tacticpolymer苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer共聚物copolymer二元共聚物binary copolymer三元共聚物terpolymer多元聚合物multipolymer序列共聚物sequential copolymer多层共聚物multilayer copolymer多相聚合物multiphase polymer统计[结构]共聚物statistical copolymer无规共聚物random copolymer交替共聚物alternating copolymer周期共聚物periodic copolymer梯度共聚物gradient copolymer嵌段共聚物block copolymer递变嵌段共聚物tapered block copolymer两亲嵌段共聚物amphiphilic blockcopolymer二嵌段共聚物diblock copolymer三嵌段共聚物triblock copolymer多嵌段共聚物segmented copolymer杂聚物heteropolymer恒[组]分共聚物azeotropic copolymer多组分共聚物multicomponent copolymer单分散聚合物monodisperse polymer,uniform polymer多分散性聚合物polydisperse polymer,non-uniform polymer高分子共混物polyblend, polymer blend聚合物-聚合物配合物polymer-polymer complex 聚合物-金属配合物polymer-metal complex单股聚合物single-strand polymer双股聚合物double-strand polymer多股聚合物multi-strand polymer链型聚合物chain polymer碳链聚合物carbon chain polymer杂链聚合物heterochain polymer杂环高分子heterocyclic polymer大环聚合物macrocyclic polymer直链高分子straight chain polymer线型聚合物linear polymer体型聚合物three-dimensional polymer 活[性]高分子living polymer反应性聚合物reactive polymer极性聚合物polar polymer非极性聚合物non-polar polymer刚性链聚合物rigid chain polymer半柔性链聚合物semi- flexible chain polymer 柔性链聚合物flexible chain polymer刚棒高分子rigid rod polymer棒状高分子rodlike polymer刚-柔嵌段共聚物rod coil block copolymer树状高分子dendrimer, dendriticpolymer, tree polymer刷状聚合物brush polymer线团状聚合物coiling type polymer花菜状聚合物cauliflower polymer螺旋形聚合物helical polymer锥形共聚物tapered copolymer梯形聚合物ladder polymer分段梯形聚合物step ladder polymer部分梯形聚合物partial ladder polymer碳环梯形聚合物carbocyclic ladder polymer 梳形聚合物comb polymer星形聚合物star polymer遥爪聚合物telechelic polymer支化聚合物branched polymer超支化聚合物hyperbranched polymer接枝聚合物graft polymer核-壳共聚物core shell copolymer核-壳胶乳聚合物core shell latex polymer手性高分子chiral polymer互穿[聚合物]网络interpenetrating polymernetworks, IPN半互穿［聚合物］网络semi-interpenetratingpolymer network(SIPN)异质同晶聚合物polyallomer多晶形聚合物polycrystalline polymer缔合聚合物association polymer共轭聚合物conjugated polymer螯合聚合物chelate polymer远螯聚合物telechelic polymer螯合[型]离子交换剂chelating ion-exchanger螯合[型]树脂chelating resin紫胶shellac蚕丝[natural] silk骨胶原collagen凝胶gel明胶gelatin黄原胶xanthate gum琼脂agar-agar树胶gum白蛋白albumin脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid（DNA）淀粉amylum，starch直链淀粉amylose支链淀粉amylopectin甲壳质chitin葡聚糖dextran糊精dextrin木素lignin纤维素celluloseα纤维素α celluloseβ纤维素β celluloseγ纤维素γ cellulose硝酸纤维素cellulose nitrate胺纤维素amine cellulose乙酸纤维素cellulose acetate甲基纤维素methyl cellulose羟乙基纤维素hydroxyethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素carboxymethyl cellulose 天然橡胶natural rubber三叶橡胶Hevea杜仲胶Eucommea rubber古塔波胶Gutta percha合成聚合物synthetic polymer加[成]聚[合]物addition polymer通用高分子commodity polymer功能高分子functional polymer仿生高分子biomimetic polymer形状记忆高分子shape-memory polymer 类酶高分子enzyme like polymer生物高分子biopolymer生物弹性体bioelastomer生物活性高分子bioactive polymer生物可蚀性高分子bioerodable polymer生物降解高分子biodegradable polymer医用高分子medical polymer生物医用高分子biomedical polymer高分子药物polymer drug降解性高分子degradable polymer高性能高分子high performance polymer 高模量聚合物high modulus polymer特殊性能高分子speciality polymer智能聚合物intelligent polymer亲水聚合物hydrophilic polymer疏水聚合物hydrophobic polymer两亲聚合物amphiphilic polymer吸水性聚合物water absorbent polymer水溶性高分子water soluble polymer大孔聚合物macroporous polymer精细高分子fine polymerω聚合物ω-polymer热解聚合物pyrolytic polymer高熔聚合物dystectic polymer光响应高分子photoresponsive polymer光活性聚合物optical active polymer光敏聚合物photosensitive polymer光弹性聚合物photoelastic polymer感光聚合物photopolymer光致发光聚合物photoluminescence polymer 电致发光聚合物electroluminescent polymer热敏发光聚合物thermosensitiveluminescence polymer光交联聚合物photocrosslinkable polymer光固化聚合物photocureable polymer辐射固化聚合物radiation curable polymer光降解聚合物photodegradable polymer辐射降解聚合物radiation-degradablepolymer光[电]导聚合物photoconductive polymer导电聚合物conducting polymer超导聚合物superconductive polymer高分子半导体semiconducting polymer电活性聚合物electroactive polymer压电高分子piezoelectric polymer热电性高分子pyroelectric polymer电致变色聚合物electrochromic polymer磁性聚合物magnetic polymer超离子导电聚合物super ion-conductivepolymer铁磁聚合物ferromagnetic polymer铁电聚合物ferroelectric polymer烧蚀聚合物ablative polymer高分子离子macroion聚合物驻极体polymer electret高分子添加剂polymeric additive液晶高分子liquid crystal polymer溶致液晶高分子lyotropic liquid crystallinepolymer热致液晶高分子thermotropic liquidcrystalline polymer侧链型液晶聚合物side chain liquid crystallinepolymer主链型液晶聚合物main chain liquid crystallinepolymer高分子催化剂polymer catalyst高分子载体polymeric carrier, polymersupport高分子试剂polymer reactant, polymerreagent离子交联聚合物ionomer离子交换聚合物ion exchange polymer离子交换树脂ion exchange resin正离子交换树脂cation exchange resin负离子交换树脂anion exchange resin大网络树脂macroreticular resin离子聚合物ionic polymer聚电解质polyelectrolyte两性聚电解质polyampholyte,polyamphoteric electrolyte 聚合物溶剂polymer solvent树脂resin热敏性树脂thermally sensitive resin天然树脂natural resin热塑性树脂thermoplastic resin热固性树脂thermosetting resin塑性体plastomer烃类树脂hydrocarbon resin石油树脂petroleum resin茚树脂indene resin苯并呋喃-茚树脂coumarone-indene resin萜烯树脂terpene resin丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂acrylonitrile-butadiene-styre ne resin丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂acrylonitrile styrene resin(AS)丙烯酸[酯]类树脂acrylic resin氟碳树脂fluorocarbon resin缩醛树脂acetal resin缩甲醛树脂methylal resin缩丁醛树脂butyral resin酚醛树脂phenol-formaldehyde resin,phenolic resin甲阶酚醛树脂resol乙阶酚醛树脂resitol丙阶酚醛树脂resite糠醛树脂furfural resin糠醛苯酚树脂furfural phenol resin苯酚醚树脂phenol ether resin呋喃树脂furan resin氨基树脂amino resin脲醛树脂urea-formaldehyde resin聚脲树脂carbamide resin尿素树脂urea resin三聚氰胺树脂Aminotriazine resin三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂melamine-formaldehyderesin, melamine resin聚酯类树脂polyester resin醇酸树脂alkyd resin烯丙基树脂allyl resin有机硅树脂silicone resin氟树脂fluoroethylene resin环氧树脂epoxy resin脂肪族环氧树脂aliphatic epoxy resin双酚A环氧树脂bisphenol A epoxy resin氧化还原树脂redox resin烯类聚合物vinyl polymer双烯聚合物diene polymer烯烃共聚物olefine copolymer (OCP)乙烯基聚合物vinyl polymer聚烯烃polyolefin聚乙烯polyethylene超高分子量聚乙烯ultrahigh molecular weightpolyethylene, UHMWPE高密度聚乙烯high density polyethylene,HDPE低密度聚乙烯low density polyethylene,LDPE线型低密度聚乙烯linear low densitypolyethylene, LLDPE超低密度聚乙烯ultra low densitypolyethylene, ULDPE长支链聚乙烯long chain branchedpolyethylene聚丙烯polypropylene全同立构聚丙烯isotactic polypropylene(iPP ) 聚1-丁烯poly(1-butene)聚异丁烯polyisobutylene聚4-甲基-1-戊烯poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)聚(1-辛烯) poly(1-octene)聚苯乙烯polystyrene高抗冲聚苯乙烯high impact polystyrene,HIPS聚乙炔polyacetylene丙烯酸[酯]类聚合物acrylic polymer聚丙烯酸poly(acrylic acid)聚丙烯酸盐polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polyacrylate聚甲基丙烯酸酯polymethacrylate聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯poly(methyl methacrylate)乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)聚乳酸poly(lactic acid)，polylactide 聚（β-氨基丙酸）poly(βalanine)聚（ω-氨基己酸）poly(ω amino caproic acid)聚（8-氨基辛酸）poly(8 amino caprylic acid) 聚胱氨酸polycysteine聚谷氨酸poly(glutamic acid)聚甘氨酸polyglycine聚丙烯腈polyacrylonitrile聚乙酸乙烯酯poly(vinyl acetate)聚乙二醇poly(oxyethylene glycol)聚乙烯醇poly(vinyl alcohol)聚乙烯醇缩甲醛poly(vinyl formal)聚乙烯醇缩丁醛poly(vinyl butyral)聚氯乙烯poly(vinyl chloride)聚1,2-二氯亚乙烯poly(vinylene chloride)聚偏二氯乙烯poly(vinylidene chloride)聚氟乙烯poly(vinyl fluoride)聚偏二氟乙烯poly(vinylidene fluoride)聚三氟氯乙烯poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), PCTFE聚四氟乙烯poly(tetrafluoroethylene)聚全氟丙烯poly(perfluoropropene)聚丁二烯polybutadiene1,4-聚丁二烯1,4-poly buta diene1,2-聚丁二烯1,2-polybutadiene顺［式］-1,4-聚丁二烯cis-1,4-polybutadiene反［式］-1,4-聚丁二烯trans-1,4-polybutadiene聚环戊二烯polycyclo penta diene聚异戊二烯polyiso prene1,2-聚异戊二烯1,2-polyisoprene3,4-聚异戊二烯3,4-polyisoprenecis-1,4-polyisoprene顺［式］-1,4-聚异戊二烯反［式］-1,4-聚异戊二trans-1,4-polyisoprene烯聚氯丁二烯polychloroprene开环聚环烯烃polyalkenamer聚降冰片烯polynorbornene醛类聚合物aldehyde polymer丙烯醛类聚合物acrolein polymer乙炔类聚合物acetylenic polymer丙二烯聚合物allene polymer二乙炔聚合物diacetylene polymer二烯丙基聚合物diallyl polymer偶氮类聚合物azo polymer氧杂环丁烷聚合物oxetane polymer配位聚合物coordination polymer阻透聚合物barrier polymer氧化性聚合物oxidative polymer缩聚物polycondensate共缩聚物intercondensation polymer 聚羧酸酯polycarboxylate聚酯polyester脂肪族聚酯aliphatic polyester芳香族聚酯aromatic polyester共聚酯copolyester饱和聚酯saturated polyester不饱和聚酯unsaturated polyester聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯poly(ethylene terephthalate)聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯poly(tetramethyleneterephthalate), poly(butyleneterephthalate)聚对苯二甲酸对苯二酯poly(p-phenylene terephthalate)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate双酚A聚碳酸酯bisphenol A polycarbonate 聚酰胺polyamide聚醚酰胺poly(ether amide)聚己内酰胺polycaprolactam聚己二酰己二胺poly(hexamethyleneadipamide)聚芳酰胺polyaramide, aromaticpolyamide多肽polypeptide聚醚polyether芳香族聚醚poly (aryl ether)共聚醚copolyether嵌段聚醚酯block poly(ester ether)聚甲醛polyoxymethylene,polyformaldehyde低聚甲醛paraformaldehyde共聚甲醛copolyoxymethylene聚环氧乙烷poly(ethylene oxide)聚环氧丙烷poly(propylene oxide)聚环氧氯丙烷polyepichlorohydrin聚四氢呋喃polytetrahydrofuran,polyoxytetramethylene聚苯醚polyphenylene oxide聚硫醚polythioether聚硫化物polysulfide聚对亚苯硫醚poly(p-phenylene sulfide) 聚对亚苯poly(p-phenylene)聚砜polysulfone聚芳砜poly(aryl sulfone) (PAS) 聚芳砜酰胺aromatic polysulfonamide 聚醚砜poly(ether sulfone)聚二苯醚砜poly(diphenyl ether sulfone) 聚酰亚胺polyimide聚均苯四酰亚胺-1,4-亚苯poly(pyromellitimido-1,4-ph enylene)聚苯并咪唑polybenzimidazole聚苯并噻唑polybenzothiazole聚喹喔啉polyquinoxaline聚醚酮poly(ether-ketone), PEK聚醚醚酮poly(ether-ether-ketone),PEEK聚醚酮酮poly(ether-ketone-ketone),PEKK聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane聚脲polyurea聚醚氨酯poly(ether-urethane)聚苯胺polyaniline苯醌聚合物quinone polymer硅酸盐聚合物silicate polymer, polysilicate 塑料plastic塑料合金plastic alloy工程塑料engineering plastic增强塑料reinforced plastic纤维增强塑料fiber reinforced plastic自增强聚合物self-reinforcing polymer复合材料composite纳米复合材料nanocomposite分子复合材料molecular composite原位复合材料in situ composite有机-无机杂化材料organic inorganic hybridmaterial混杂复合材料hybrid composite橡胶rubber高弹体elastomer合成橡胶synthetic rubber饱和橡胶saturated rubber不饱和橡胶unsaturated rubber氢化橡胶hydrogenated rubber集成橡胶integrated rubber 异戊橡胶isoprene rubber苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯橡胶styrene isoprene butadiene rubber (SIBR)三元乙丙橡胶ethylene propyleneterpolymer, EPT, ethylenepropylene diene monomer,EPDM二元乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber,EPR, ethylenepropylenecopolymer,ethylene propylenemonomer, EPM丁腈橡胶butadiene-acrylonitrilerubber, nitrile rubber氢化丁腈橡胶hydrogenatedbutadiene-acrylonitrilerubber羧基丁腈橡胶carboxy terminated nitrilerubber顺丁橡胶cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber 丁基橡胶butyl rubber卤化丁基橡胶halogenated butyl rubber丁苯橡胶styrene butadiene rubber,SBR溶聚丁苯橡胶solution polymerizedbutadiene styrenerubber(SSBR)乳聚丁苯橡胶emulsion polymerizedbutadiene styrenerubber(ESBR)氯丁橡胶chloroprene rubber氯化聚乙烯chlorinated polyethylene(CPE)氯磺化聚乙烯chlorosulfonatedpolyethylene聚硫橡胶polysulfide rubber丁吡橡胶pyridine butadiene rubber氟橡胶fluororubber,fluoroelastomer氟硅橡胶fluorosilicone rubber氟醚橡胶fluoroether rubber三嗪氟橡胶fluorinated triazine rubber亚硝基氟橡胶nitrosofluoro rubber硅橡胶silicon rubber二甲基硅橡胶dimethyl silicone rubber甲基乙烯基硅橡胶methylvinyl silicone rubber室温硫化硅橡胶room temperature vulcanizedsilicone rubber丙烯酸酯橡胶acrylate rubber聚氨酯橡胶polyurethane rubber氯醚橡胶epichloro-hydrin rubber硫化橡胶vulcanized rubber,vulcanizate粉末橡胶powdered rubber液体橡胶liquid rubber热塑[性]弹性体thermoplastic elastomer苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer (SBS)苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物styrene isoprene styrene block copolymer (SIS)挠性聚合物flexomer橡胶改性塑料rubber modified plastics,rubberresin blends纤维fiber天然纤维natural fiber初生纤维as-formed fiber原纤fibril半合成纤维semi-synthetic fiber合成纤维synthetic fiber化学纤维chemical fiber单组分纤维homofiber异质复合纤维heterofiber粘胶纤维viscose fiber聚酰胺纤维polyamide fiber聚芳酰胺纤维aramid fiber聚酯纤维polyester fiber聚丙烯腈纤维acrylic fiber聚丙烯纤维polypropylene fiber聚乙烯醇纤维polyvinyl alcohol fiber 聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维formalized PV A fiber聚氯乙烯纤维polyvinyl chloride fiber 聚氨酯弹性纤维polyurethane elastic fiber 碳纤维carbon fiber活性碳纤维active carbon fiber碳化硼纤维boron carbide fiber碳纳米管carbon nano-tube全纤维素hollocellulose组合纤维conjugate fiber改性纤维differential fiber纳米纤维nano-fiber功能纤维functional fiber光导纤维photoconductive fiber激光光纤laser fiber粘合剂adhesive热熔胶melt adhesive反应性热熔胶reactive heat-meltingadhesive厌氧黏合剂anaerobic adhesive压敏型黏合剂pressure sensitive adhesive涂料coating功能涂料functional coating油漆paint05.2 聚合与高分子化学反应11 非极性单体non polar monomer12 共轭单体conjugated monomer13 非共轭单体non conjugated monomer14 活化单体activated monomer15 官能单体functional monomer16 大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17 环状单体cyclic monomer18 共聚单体comonomer19 聚合［反应］polymerization20 均聚反应homopolymerization21低聚反应，齐聚反应(曾用名)oligomerization22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP 34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，A TRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RA TRP可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chain37transfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合，dead end polymerization43死端聚合(曾用名)44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,template polymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization聚加成反应，polyaddition101逐步加成聚合(曾用名)102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108 缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, 109ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization 115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，charge transfer complex, CTC155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂 thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179 μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182 限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用retardation221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］ end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation 245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group 257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation279 断链降解chain scission degradation280 自由基链降解free radical chain degradation 281 无规降解random degradation282 水解降解hydrolytic degradation283 热降解thermal degradation284 热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation 285 光降解photodegradation286 光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation 287 力化学降解mechanochemical degradation 288 接枝聚合graft polymerization289 活化接枝activation grafting290 接枝点grafting site291 链支化chain branching292 支化度degree of branching05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理4立构重复单元stereorepeating unit 5立构规整度tacticity6等规度, 全同立构[规整]度isotacticity7间同度，间同立构[规整]度syndiotacticity8无规度，无规立构度atacticity9嵌段block10规整嵌段regular block11非规整嵌段irregular block12立构嵌段stereoblock13有规立构嵌段isotactic block14无规立构嵌段atactic block15单体单元monomeric unit16二单元组diad17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain 22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain 23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-averagemolar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight, weight-averagemolar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-averagemolar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution。
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers？For one thing，they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt。
To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58。
5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro—molecules' are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials，and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物?首先，他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐.与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5,而高聚物的分子量高于105，甚至大于106.这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。
Classes schedule:PART A: UNIT 1 –UNIT 12Students’ Oral presentations: Functional PolymersReport and Oral PresentationThe class is divided to Twelve groups with 3 students in each groupEach group please selects one of the following functional polymers :Medical functional polymers, Ion exchange resin, super absorbent polymer, Photosensitive polymer, polymer reagents, polymer separation membrane, conducting polymer, liquid crystal.Each group make an Powerpoint in which the preparation, application, the current progress in the research in China and abroad should be included. The abstract , references and the names of the students should also be included.Each group should turn in the powerpoint (10 point), and make an oral presentation on 17th week.Exercises of UNIT 1 and UNIT 2Please make each sentence with “as an example”, “with respect to”, “in conclusion” and “be attributed to”.Page 4, Exercise 1.Please make each sentence with “be proportional to”, “lie in”, and “play an impo rtant role in”.Page 9, Exercise 2.Exercise UNIT 3 and UNIT 4Please make each sentence with “depending on”, “lie in” and “be identical to”.Page17, Exercise 1, Exercise 2.Page23, Exercise 1, Exercise 2.Exercise UNIT 5 and UNIT 6:Page 27, Exercise 1, Exercise 3.Please make each sentence with “be associated with”, “level off”, “be essential for” and “a variety of”.Page 32, Exercise 2, Exercise 3.Exercise UNIT 7 and UNIT 8Please make each sentence with “by reasons of ”, “arise from”, “accessible to” and “in terms of”.Page 38, Exercise 1.Page 44, Exercise 2, excise 3, excise 4.Exercise UNIT 9 and UNIT 10•Please make each sentence with “range from…. to… ”, “be subjected to” and“be derived from”.•Page 50, Exercise 1, exercise 2•Page 56, Exercise 1, exercise 2Exercise UNIT 11and UNIT 12Please make each sentence with “attach…. to… ”, “the first step towards” and “take full advantage of”.Page 61, Exercise 1, exercise 4.Translate the following into English试剂苯酚、37%甲醛水溶液、25%的氨水、无水乙醇。
高分子材料专业英语【P4.There has been long been a need for a definitivepublication on the engineering aspects of plastics processing.（塑料加工）长期以来，有着在塑料加工工程方面权威出版物的需求。
The society of Plastics Engineers is pleased to sponsor and endorse this new ,Plastics Process Engineering ,as the publication which serves this long-standing need.塑料工程师协会很高兴赞助和支持这个新的变化，以满足“塑料加工工程”作为出版物长期存在的需要。
2.Crystallization is only one aspect of orientation. Molecular orientation may not always result in crystallization but in enhancement of order when the various types of bonds such as hydrogen bonds and other weak interatomic forces can contribute to property enhancement.结晶只是取向的一个方面。
分子取向可能并不总是导致结晶，而是排列有序性的提高，同时，各种类型的化学键如氢键和其它弱原子间力有助于提高性能。
T wo important thermal transitions in a semi-crystalline polymer are the glass transition and melting. The temperatures of these transitions are donated by Tg ,which is characteristics of the amorphous phase, and Tm which is【P9】There are two basic types of polymerization:(1)addition, which occurs when active chains(活性链) and/or monomer units interact without a by-product（副产物(2)condensation ,which occurs when a Lewis polyacidand a Lewis polybase react to form a chain with the splitting out of a by-product molecule ,such as water or CO2.有两种基本的聚合反应类型：（1）加成聚合反应，活性连和单体单元之间相互反应，没有副产物产生（2）缩合聚合反应，路易斯聚酸和路易斯聚碱形成分子链。
高分子材料与工程专业英语答案【篇一：高分子材料专业英语第二版部分答案2】t all polymers are built up from bonding together a single kindof repeating unit. at the other extreme ,protein molecules are polyamides in which n amino acide repeat units are bonded together. although we might still call n the degree of polymerization in this case, it is less usefull,since an aminoacid unit might be any one of some 20-odd molecules that are found in proteins. in this case the molecular weightitself,rather than the degree of the polymerization ,is generally used to describe the molecule. when the actual content of individual amino acids is known,it is their sequence that is of special interest to biochemists and molecular biologists.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。
在另一个极端的情形中，蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形成的聚酰胺。
尽管在这个例子中，我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度，但是没有意义，因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多个分子中的任意一个。
2024—2025学年上学期期中考试高三英语答案听力：1-5BCBCB6-10CBACB11-15CBABC16-20CABCB阅读理解：21-23DCB24-27BCAD28-31CDBA32-35CDCB七选五：36-40DECGB完形填空：41-45CDCAB46-50DCBAD51-55ABDCD语法填空：56.constructed57.What58.in59.were troubled60.to change61.has occurred62.productive63.a64.scientifically65.preventing写作：应用文：The possible versionDear fellow students,With the development of modern industry and the change of people’s lifestyles,our ecological environment is becoming increasingly worse.It’s high time we took action to protect our ecological environment,otherwise we may soon have nowhere to live.Firstly,turn off lights and other electrical appliances when they are not in use to conserve electricity.Secondly,when going out,we should choose to walk,to ride a bike or to take public transportation instead of driving a stly,reusing paper or bottles and resisting using plastic bags are also highly recommended.These simple actions can significantly contribute to a low-carbon lifestyle.Let us work together to create a green and harmonious environment.The Students’Union 读后续写：构思：第一段：①What was Mary thinking?②How would mom help Mary?③What would Mary do next?第二段：①How did Mary feel and adjust?②What was Mr.Brown and other students’reaction?③What was the result of the presentation?The possible versionHearing Mom’s words,Mary gazed at the precious red ribbon.She imagined the scene where Mom had tried her best to overcome her fears and picked up the courage to deliver a fantastic speech to the audience.Realizing Mary’s anxiety,Mom reassured her and reached out her hand to tie the red ribbon onto Mary’s wrist with a smile.Restored and determined,Mary gritted(咬紧牙关)her teeth to find her courage.She stood in front of a mirror and practiced.“You can do it,”she told herself when drowsiness（昏昏欲睡）fell upon her.The next day Mary again walked to the front of the classroom to give her presentation.She nervously lowered her head and averted her gaze,feeling numb for a few seconds.But courage found its way back the moment she caught sight of the red ribbon on her forted and inspired,she took a deep breath,summoned up her courage,and said“Dear fellow students.”Mary cast a glance at Mr.Brown who was standing in the corner and smiling at her.A self-reassuring smile spread across Mary’s face.She knew for sure that she had now found her courage.部分答案解析A篇主题语境：人与社会—社会服务本文是应用文。
上海大学2018 ～2019学年秋季学期试卷课程名：高分子专业英语课程号：2XS103001 学分：应试人声明：我保证遵守《上海大学学生手册》中的《上海大学考场规则》，如有考试违纪、作弊行为，愿意接受《上海大学学生考试违纪、作弊行为界定及处分规定》的纪律处分。
应试人吴兆辉应试人学号18722389应试人所在院系材料科学与工程学院题一: Write a speech about “pure science or applied science, which direction should the Shanghai University chooses”. Please follow the 7 steps in a speech. The words of the speech are at least 300 words. (50 points)Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, I am Wu Zhaohui, the speaker of this report. I am from the School of Materials Science and Engineering. My theme is pure science or applied science, which direction should the Shanghai University chooses. Of course, I think pure science and applied science are very suitable for the development of Shanghai University, but if you choose one, I More inclined to choose application science, I will tell from the following aspects.1. As far as the current development of China is concerned, there is still a certain gap with the world's first echelon. Therefore, there is inevitably a gap in the field of basic scientific research. For the country's prosperity, the most fundamental thing is that Some people, especially most capable people, should apply their talents to solve the industrial problems of the country. In the "Made in China 2025" issued by the State Council in 2015, and our "two hundred years" plan in the 19th report of 2017, China's development focus is still the industrial modernization and manufacturing of the country for some time. The construction of a strong country. Obviously, the task of supporting this beautiful blueprint will inevitably fall on colleges and universities and corporate units. From an industrial point of view, there is no doubt that our applied science is more convincing.2. Of course, this is not to say that pure science is not important. In 1921, British physicist N. Norman Campbell writes that pure science and applied science are the roots and branches of the tree of empirical knowledge; theory and reality are inseparable entities. If they do not cause great damage to both sides, they cannot It is separate. However, the development of our university cannot be out of touch with the times, nor can it run counter to the development strategy of the country.3. In terms of the development of China and the development strategy, in the context of the need for comprehensive industrialization and the construction of a strong country, the tasks of the university naturally have a primary and secondary distinction, so I think that application science should be chosen.题二: Read the article: Nano-structured metal-containing polymer precursors for high temperature non-oxide ceramics and ceramic fibers—syntheses, pyrolyses and properties, JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY卷: 22期: 14-15页: 2577-2585出版年: 2002作者: Tsirlin, AM; Shcherbakova, GI; Florina, EK, et al.Write an abstract of it. (50 points)One of the different directions for further development in the field of polymer-derived ceramics is the application of metal-containing precursors, which include polymers containing nanostructured metals.Nano-structured metal-containing polymer precursors have great potential in polymer-derived ceramics. In this paper the synthesis and characterization of nano-metallopolycarbosilanes (nMPCS) and their transformation into ceramic materials are reported. The formation of metal nano-particles via fast thermolysis of metal- containing compounds in polymer solution or melt previously developed by the authors was applied to preceramic polymers.Tetrabenzyltitanium,tetrabenzylzirconium,bis(cyclopentadienil)dichloride-ti tanium and zirconium as well as tetrachlorides of these metals and tetrakis(diethylamino)zirconium were used for the introduction of metal nano-particles. The products were characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential-thermal analysis (DTA), gel-penetration (GP)-chromatography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other special analyses. The results of this study reveal new data for the nMPC manufacturing process. These nMPC contain nanoparticles or metal clusters of 2-4nm diameter. The detailed study of the thermal decomposition of MCC is very important. Cp2ZrCl2 and Zr [N(C2H5)2]4 for the ceramic matrix of CMC, the most suitable additive in nMPCS. The coreless fibers are obtained from nZrPCS and contain up to 3 mass% metal.And future research directions will concentrate on the optimization of oligocarbosilane as raw material and the development of Polycarbosilane (PCS) - metal containing compounds (MCC) system with low reactivity.。
