定语从句讲义(教师版)
- 格式:doc
- 大小:124.00 KB
- 文档页数:19
定语从句【预习题目】1. Don't talk about such things of _____you are not sure.A. whichB. whatC. asD. those2. Is this the factory ________you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one3. Is this the factory ______ he worked ten years ago?A. thatB. whereC. which D the one4. The wolves hid themselves in the places ________ couldn't be found.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. in that5. The freezing point is the temperature ____ water changes into ice.A. at whichB. on thatC. in which D of what6. You may call on me from one to five o'clock, during _______I am always at home.A. the timeB. what timeC. that timeD. which time7. I’ll tell you________ he told me last week.A all which B. that C all that D. which8. That tree, _______ branches are almost bare(光秃秃的), is very old.A. whoseB. of whichC. in whichD. on which【知识清单】一、定语从句的概念He is a boy.He works very hard.把两句话合成一句话的方法:他是个非常用功的男孩。
《定语从句》讲义一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一种在英语中非常常见且重要的语法结构。
它在句子中充当定语,用来修饰一个名词或代词,使其含义更加明确和丰富。
简单来说,定语从句就是一个句子,放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,起到描述和限定的作用。
通过定语从句,我们能够更详细、更准确地表达我们想要表达的意思。
比如,“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)在这个句子中,“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词“the book”,让我们清楚知道是哪一本书有趣。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
常见的关系代词有:that、which、who、whom、whose。
常见的关系副词有:when、where、why。
关系词在定语从句中不仅起到引导的作用,还在从句中充当一定的成分。
例如,在“The man who is standing there is my teacher”这个句子中,“who”是关系代词,在从句“who is standing there”中作主语。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 和 whichthat 和 which 都可以用来指代物,但在一些情况下,只能用 that 不能用 which。
当先行词是不定代词(如 all、anything、nothing 等)、先行词被最高级、序数词修饰、先行词既有人又有物时,通常用 that 而不用 which。
例如:All that glitters is not gold(发光的未必都是金子。
)This is the first book that I have read(这是我读过的第一本书。
)The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned(掉进河里的人和马都淹死了。
《定语从句》讲义一、什么是定语从句在英语语法中,定语从句是一种非常重要的句子结构。
简单来说,定语从句就是在一个句子中充当定语成分的从句。
它用来修饰、限定或说明先行词,即被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting (“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句,修饰先行词“the book”)二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
关系代词有:that、which、who、whom、whose 等。
关系副词有:when、where、why 等。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分;关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 既可以指人,也可以指物,在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语。
例如:The man that is standing there is my teacher (that 作主语,指人)The book that I bought is very useful (that 作宾语,指物)2、 which 指物,在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语。
例如:The house which was built last year is very beautiful (which 作主语)The pen which you gave me is very nice (which 作宾语)3、 who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:The girl who is singing is my sister (who 作主语)4、 whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语。
例如:The man whom I met yesterday is very kind (whom 作宾语)5、 whose 表示“……的”,在定语从句中作定语。
例如:The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard (whose 作定语,修饰“father”)四、关系副词的用法1、 when 表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
《定语从句》讲义一、什么是定语从句在英语语法中,定语从句是一种非常重要的从句类型。
它就像是一个精准的描述工具,能够让我们对名词或代词进行更详细、更丰富的描述。
比如说,“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting” (我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)在这个句子中,“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句,它用来修饰先行词“the book”,让我们更加清楚地知道是哪一本书。
定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后,由关系词引导。
关系词在定语从句中充当一定的成分,比如主语、宾语、定语等。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句由先行词、关系词和从句三部分组成。
先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
比如上面例子中的“the book”就是先行词。
关系词则分为关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose 等;常见的关系副词有 when、where、why 等。
从句则是对先行词进行补充说明或限制的部分。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
例如:“The man that is standing there is my teacher” (站在那里的那个人是我的老师。
)这里的“that”在从句中作主语。
2、 which 一般指物,在从句中作主语、宾语。
比如:“The book which I bought is very useful” (我买的那本书非常有用。
)“which”在从句中作宾语。
3、 who 指人,在从句中作主语、宾语。
像:“The girl who is singing is my sister” (正在唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。
)“who”在从句中作主语。
4、 whom 指人,在从句中作宾语。
例如:“The man whom you met yesterday is my father” (你昨天见到的那个人是我父亲。
定语从句(讲义)大英县育才中学英语教研组何瑞志一、定语从句的意义1、定语:修饰作主语或宾语的名词、代词的句子成分,通常可以由形容词、数词、(物主)代词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语来充当;通常是单个的词作定语放在被修饰词前面;形容词修饰复合不定代词,介词短语,不定式、分词(短语),else,(enough),blow,above等放在被修饰词后面。
eg;1.Yangyang is a good girl. (good 作 girl 的定语,放在girl 前面。
)2.There are 70 students in our class. (70 作 students 的定语,放students 的前面。
)3.There is a tree growing against the wall.( growing against the wall 作tree 的定语,放在tree 有后面。
)4.The book on the table is mine. (on the table 作 book 有定语,放在book 的后面。
)5.The headmaster told us something important at the meeting.(important 作something 的定语,放something 的后面。
)6.Give me something to eat. (to eat 作 something 的定语,放 something 的后面。
)2.定语从句:用一个句子来修饰名词或代词,或补充说明主句的一部分或整个句子,这个用来修饰说明名词或代词的放在名词或代词后面的句子就叫定语从句。
也称形容词性从句。
eg: The man who is talking with my father is our headteacher.(who is talking with my father是修饰the man 的定语从句)。
第1讲定语从句经典精讲(上)开篇语开心自测开心自测讲解题一:It’s helpful to put children in a situation ____ they can see themselves differently.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where题二:The prize will go to the writer ____ story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what题三:I’ll never forget the day ____ I spent in Tibet.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. what题四:You might search on the Internet for comments or news stories about this school ____ may interest you.A. whereB. /C. thatD. what题五:How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields, ____ I should have studied.A. whereB. whatC. whichD. when主要考点梳理什么是定语?让我们回忆一下初中的一些熟悉的句型:This is a red apple.This is a tall man.This is a handsome tall boy.This is the factory near our school.This is a basket full of fruits.请给下列选项按照形容词的顺序排序。
1. This is a ________ flower.A. yellowB. little2. This is a ____ bridge.A. GermanB. stoneC. smallD. beautifulE. gray“美小圆旧黄,法国木书房”“限观形龄颜国材”“限描大颜类”“冠观数大形,新色国材名”什么是从句?让我们回忆一下初中熟悉的句型。
教学内容:定语从句(1)——关系代词引导的定语从句教学目标:1.学生能够熟悉定语从句的概念;2.学生能够将含有定语从句的复杂句拆分成两个简单句,也能将两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复杂句;3.学生能够熟练掌握关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose的基本用法.教学重点:1.什么叫定语从句?2.定语从句怎样构成?3.引导定语从句的关系词有哪些?如何确定关系词?1. 什么是定语从句?定语:修饰,限定名词或代词的成分定语的位置:单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面,短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面.定语从句:修饰,限定名词或代词的从句,就叫做定语从句.被修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面.关系词的功能:引导定语从句;指代先行词;在定语从句中担当一定的成分.2. 定语从句的构成将下列各句拆分成两个简单句.(1)I prefer the robot that can play football.(2)I prefer the robot that can dance.(3)Declan is a famous singer who sings the song tell me why.(4)He is a little boy who is eating.将下面的句子合并为一个句子①It is a poor dog.②Its heart is broken.3. 关系词的选择 that:可指人,也可指物,可作主语或宾语Which: 只指物,可作主语或宾语关系代词 who:只指人,可作主语或宾语(不能用在介词后) 关 (主,宾,定) whom:只指人,只能作宾语系 whose:可指人,也可指物,作定语,词 when关系副词 where(状语) why4. 练一练1) Look at that girl ______ name is Linda.2) He is a teacher ___________________ I like very much.3) Those pictures _________ were drawn by Tom are nice.4) Those _____will go to the park stay here.5) That was all the money ______I had.6)【2013福建】 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. Which7)【2013湖南】Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which8)【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whom9)【 2013重庆】John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family members.A them B. that C. which D. Whom5. 作业1) Finish the exercises(课程导学)on P50-51.2) Find out attributive clauses in the text of Unit4.3) Preview the grammar of next unit.。
定语从句1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
1)正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
2)Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gateat 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
3)昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
4)那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
1)刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
2)李明正是我想要见的男孩。
3)The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。
4)老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
注意:关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。
3.Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
定语从句教资试讲教案教案教学内容:定语从句教学目标:1. 理解什么是定语从句。
2. 能够准确地辨别和使用定语从句。
3. 能够运用定语从句扩展语句,强调一定的信息。
教学重点:1. 定义定语从句及其作用。
2. 区分非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句。
1. 定语从句的引导词如何正确地使用。
教学准备:1. PPT课件2. 课堂实例和教材教学过程:Step 1:导入我会先介绍一个简单的例子,一些学生会感到熟悉。
这句话:The girl who is wearing a red coat is my sister.这个句子里,”who is wearing a red coat”就是一个定语从句。
Step 2:定义和解释接着,我会说明定语从句的定义,也会解释它的作用。
定语从句就是修饰某个名词或代词的从句。
它的作用是进一步解释、限制或强调名词或代词所表示的事物。
在上面的例子中,定语从句给出了更多关于“the girl”的信息,使我们更容易理解这个名词的意义。
接下来,我会进一步说明定语从句分为两种类型:非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句一般用逗号隔开,它是对名词或代词的附加说明,但不会对主语起到限制作用。
限制性定语从句则是必需的,没有它就不能完全说明名词或代词的含义。
这里有两个例子:Step 4:定语从句的引导词及其使用方法现在,我会讲解定语从句的几个常见的引导词,以及它们的使用方法。
1. 关系代词关系代词有三个:who, whom, 和that。
Who 对人进行修饰,其它二者则是对人和事物都可以进行修饰。
Whom 和who的区别在于,whom作宾语,而who作主语或表语。
That比who 和whom更常用, 它们可以互换使用。
例如:关系副词是when, where, 和why。
当修饰一个时间,地点或原因时,可以用它们进行修饰。
3. whoseWhose表示“谁的”,例如:我会给学生一些实例,让他们使用定语从句进行辨认和使用。
模块简介☆主要应用:本模块主要考察引导词的应用,随着高考英语的改革,英语语法的考点也有所改变,现在主要应用在短文改错和语法填空中☆模块等级:本模块难度中等,学生的基础稍微弱一些也可以接受,基础弱的学生需要5-8课时(2h/课)不等,中等学生3课时(2h/课)可以基本掌握,基础好的学生1-2课时(2h/课)可以搞定☆知识分布:每节课需要先讲解10个高考重点词汇辨析,之后讲解语法知识,语法知识中的例句与练习题可以相应练习本堂课程中的重点词汇,从而达到复习的效果☆习题分布:习题包括08-14年高考题,辽宁省模拟题并且平均练习各个考点☆通关确保:本部分习题为课后作业,分为牛刀小试,略有所成,炉火纯青等不同难度的单项选择还包括语法填空与短文改错从而达到最高效的练习☆易混模块:本模块容易与名词性从句状语从句混淆,所以三大从句讲解完毕之后会配有知识点总结与习题练习定语从句【知识清单】【考点一】句子结构简单句(只有一套主谓结构)(1)主.谓I sleep.(2)主.谓.宾I study English.(4)主.谓.间宾.直宾He gave me anoffer.(3)主.谓.宾.宾补He makes medelighted. (即双宾语结构)(人一般为间接宾语,物为直接宾语)(5)主.系.表I am a teacher.复合句(有两套或两套以上的主谓结构)The girl is beautiful.The girl has long hair.1)并列句①表递进:and. not only...but also.... neither...nor...She not only dances well but also sings well.Neither do I know his address, nor do my parents.②表选择:or. Either...or.....You can stay here ,or you can leave.Either you leave or I leave.③表转折:but. Yet. Whereas(然而).Some men are rich, whereas others are poor.He tried his best, but he failed.④表因果:so. For.I must be off now, for my sister is waiting for me.I work hard, so I was able to pass the exam.(2①定语从句:The ∧girl (who has long hair)is beautiful.beautiful划线部分作用相同,即定语从句起到形容词的作用②状语从句:(时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较) 一、定语从句的相关概念I always want to eat something tasty recently.作用相同,即状从起副词作用I always want to eat something tasty when I’m hungry.③名词性从句:(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)The news made me crazy.名词the news和主语从句作用相同,皆充当主语,即名词性从句起名词作用(What he said)made me crazy.【考点二】定语从句基本概念定语:相当于adj.,修饰主句中的名词或代词定语从句:相当于adj.,只不过形式是一个句子基本构成:The girl (whohas long hair)is beautiful.先行词关系词n.&pron,&一句话作用:(1)连接作用(2)替代作用(替代先行词)(3)作句子中的成分that、as、which 、who 、whom 、whose:关系代词充当主、宾、表、定when 、where 、why:关系副词充当状语注:定从的关系词没有what和how,在定从中,它们就像过街的老鼠,人人喊打,出现就将其pass 【考点三】定语从句和先行词的判断方式定从:n+(______ + V1)+V2 注:根据动词划分句子是三大从句的基本判断方法先行词:能够放入到从句中构成一句话(可加介词和所有格)【基础过关】1.I deliver some flowers to a woman _that/who___always appears in my dreams.2. Don’t stare at the girl ___ that/who ____is my younger sister.3. I prefer to take a bus rather than take a taxi____that/which___ is more expensive than the former.4. The story is very moving_ that/which_ is based on a real event.5. The house____where______ I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.二、关系代词的辨别【知识清单】【考点一】who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的【考点二】whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略Green is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.注:who与whom 都可做宾语,但是若前面有介词,只能用whom,其他情况两者通用The man ( whom / who/that/不填 )you met just now is my old friend.【考点三】whose指谁的,做先行词的定语指人时:whose+名词=of whom+the+名词=the+名词+of whom指物时:whose+名词=of which+the+名词=the+名词+of which【基础过关】1.I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _that/who/whom____ I met in the Englishspeech contestlast year.2.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of __whom_____left their village homes for a better lifein the city.3. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ___whose_____ lives were affected.4. The people __who/that_____ are required to attend the meeting should turn up on time.5. The goods__that/which_____ I bought on the Single Day was transported from Beijing.【考点四】which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (注:填which、that)Football is a game which most boys like. (注:which/that/不填都可)注:注前面用一句话做先行词,用关系代词which/as引导(常用在非限制定语从句中)【考点五】as 指人或物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语一般不可省略注:which和as的区别(1)当先行词有such、the same修饰时用asI've never heard such stories as he tells.注:such as与such that的区别:Tom is such a boy __as__ everyone likes. such...as引导的定语从句Tom is such a boy __that__ everyone likes him. such...that引导的结果状语从句从句中如果缺成分用as,不缺成分用that(2)当翻译成“正如”时,用asHe opposed the idea, as could be expected.( 3) as意为”正如,好像”,位置灵活,which位于先行词后注:定从中,句首设空必选as.As we all know/ As is known to us all, Yao Ming is famous for basketball as a basketball player to us Yao Ming, As we all know, is famous for basketball as a basketball player to usYao Ming is famous for basketball as a basketball player to us,as/which we all know【基础过关】1. The air quality in the city, ___as_____is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.2. A lot of language learning, ___as__has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.3. Finally he reached a lonely island __which/that______ was completely cut off from the outside world.4. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, __which___made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true.5. He recovers his confidence __which/that_____ makes him live a better life.【考点六】that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。