2019年6月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案(第2套)

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案完整版（卷二）Part I Writing【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news repor t to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Uni on. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【答案】An Impressive Activities-VisitingIn order to help us students to enrich life and broaden horizon, the Student Union organized a meaningful activity on last weekend--visiting the local farm, by which we grasped much useful knowledge about agriculture.The farm we visited is located in the suburb of Beijing and far away from our sch ool, which covers an area of 1000 square feet. Along with native foods like rice and potatoes, the farmers on the farm grow many organic vegetables, including corn, cuc umbers, tomatoes and so forth. Besides, the farm breeds a host of local species such as dairy cattle, geese, chicken by modern scientific technique. One of the most impr essive things for us is that by means of green farming methods, the problem of envir onmental pollution has been effectively alleviated.This outdoors activity has a really deep impression for us. Not only did it get us c loser to the nature and relieve pressure from us, it also enhance our professional kno wledge about husbandry technology.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each ne ws report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then quest ions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding l etter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.News 1(1) A 9-year-old Central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to s wim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back.A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison.The TV station reported that by completing the swim, the fourth-grader student fr om Los Banos broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy.James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up.(2) His father said he had offered his son $100 as a reward. To encourage his stru ggling son, he doubled it to $200.James pushed forward, making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than two hours.Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 1. What did the boy from Central California do according to the report?A)He set a record be swimming to and from an island.B)He celebrated ninth birthday on a small island.C)He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D)He swam around an island near San Francisco.答案：AQuestion 2. What did the father do to encourage his son?A)He doubled the reward.B)He cheered him on all the way.C)He set him an example.D)He had the event covered on TV.答案：ANews 2On the 1st of January, new regulations will come into effect which eliminate an an nual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the age of 23 for women, an d 25 for men, the South China Morning Post reports. (3) The holiday bonus was desi gned to encourage young people to delay getting married in line with China’s one c hild policy. But with that policy now being abolished, this holiday incentive is no long er necessary, the government says.In Shanghai, a young couple at a marriage registration office told the paper that t hey decided to register their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the e xisting policy, because an extra holiday was a big deal for them. In Beijing, one regist ration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced, rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80. (4) But one l awyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time, so people who are rushing to register for marriage can relax.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 3: What was the purpose of the annual leave bonus in China?A)To end the one-child policy.B)To encourage late marriage.C)To increase working efficiency.D)To give people more time to travel.答案：BQuestion 4: What do we learn about the new regulations?A)They will not be welcomed by young people.B)They will help to popularize early marriage.C)They will boost China’s economic growth.D)They will not com into immediate effect.答案：DNews 3(6) Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning up the next morning isn’t as enjoyable.(5) Now, however, a New Zealand-based startup company aims to bring messy ho mes –and even splitting headaches –back to normal. The properly-named startup M orning-After Maids was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Reb ecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst. Aside from cleaning up, the two will also cook brea kfast and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they’re both gainfully employed, they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends (which is when their service is in most demand anyway).(7) Besides being flooded with requests from across the country, Foley and Ashurst have also received requests from the US and Canada to provide services there. They are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 5: What is the news report mainly about?A)Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B)Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C)A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D)Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.答案：CQuestion 6: What is a common problem with a house party?A)It takes a lot of time to prepare.B)It leaves the house in a mess.C)It makes party goers exhausted.D)It creates noise and misconduct.答案：BQuestion 7: What are Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst planning to do?A)Hire an Australian lawyer.B)Visit the U.S. and Canada.C)Settle a legal dispute.D)Expand their business.答案：DSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eac h conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best ans wer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). Then mark the corresponding lett er on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation 1W: Kyle, how did your (8) driver's theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?M: Yes, I prepared it as much as I could, but I was so nervous since it was my se cond try. The people who worked at the test center were very kind, though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit, and that was just what I needed. Then, after the exam, they printed out my result, but I was afraid to open it until I wa s outside. It was such a relief to pass.W: Congratulations! I knew you could do it! (9) I guess you underestimated how d ifficult it would be the first time, didn't you? I hear a lot of people make that mistake and go in underprepared. But good job in passing the second time. I'm so proud of you. Now all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?M: (10) Yes, thanks. I'm so happy to be actually on the road now. I've only had t wo driving lessons so far and my instructor is very understanding. So I'm really enjoyi ng it and I can't wait for my next session although the lessons are rather expensive. Twenty pounds an hour, and the instructor says, I'll need about 30 to 40 lessons in t otal. That's what--six to eight hundred pounds! (11) So this time I'll need to make a l ot more effort and hopefully will be successful the first time.M: Well, good luck!Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question 8. What did the man do yesterday?A)He had a driving lesson.B)He got his driver’s license.C)He took the driver’s theory exam.D)He passed the driver’s road test.答案：CQuestion 9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?A)He was not well prepared.B)He did not get to the exam in time.C)He was not used to the test format.D)He did not follow the test procedure.答案：AQuestion 10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?A)They are tough.B)They are costly.C)They are helpful.D)They are too short.答案：BQuestion 11. What does the man hope to do next?A)Pass his road test the first time.B)Test-drive a few times on highways.C)Find an experienced driving instructor.D)Earn enough money for driving lessons.答案：ALong conversation 2M: Emma, I got accepted to the University of Leeds. Since you're going to universi ty in England, (12) do you know how much it is for international students to study th ere?W: Congratulations! Yes, I believe for international students, you'll have to pay aro und 13,000 pounds a year. It's just a bit more than the local students.M: Ok, so that's about 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. (13) Anyway, I'm onl y going to be there for a year doing my masters, so it's pretty good. If I stayed in t he US, it'd take two years and cost at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alone. (14) Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds, which will be pretty awesom e, the benefits of being a music genius.W: (14) Yeah, I heard you're a talented piano player. So you're doing a post-gradu ate degree now? I'm still in my last year graduating next June. Finally I'll be done wit h my studies and can go on to earn in loads of money.M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then?W: You'd be surprised. (15) I'm still going to be a teacher. But the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so of experience in England. It's better paid and I get to travel, which reminds me I'm late for my class and I've got some documents I need to print out first. I'd better run.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question 12. What does the man want to know?A)Where the woman studies.B)The acceptance rate at Leeds.C)Leeds’tuition for international students.D)How to apply for studies at a university.答案：CQuestion 13. What is the man going to do?A)Apply to an American university.B)Do research on higher education.C)Perform in a famous musical.D)Pursue postgraduate studies.答案：DQuestion 14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at Leeds University?A)His favorable recommendations.B)His outstanding musical talent.C)His academic excellence.D)His unique experience.答案：BQuestion 15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation?A) Do a master’s degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.答案：DSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passag e, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be s poken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Ans wer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Short passage 1Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world. And o nly a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out in nature, there t hey keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds and clean dead and decaying mat erials from the ground. (16) A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip insid e your house, live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in and hard t o kick out. Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. (17)Some, like carpen ter ants can undermine a home structure, while others interfere with electrical units. Unfortunately our homes are very attractive to ants because they provide everything t he colony needs to survive, such as food, water and shelter.So how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? (18)Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur and store food i n airtight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as pos sible, and store your outside garbage in a lidded can well away from doors and wind ows.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question 16. What does the passage say about ants?A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.答案：CQuestion 17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people’s homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.答案：BQuestion 18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.答案：APassage 2(19) My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses, and from autoimmune diseases. We know that as we get older, it’s easier for us to get infections. So older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that o ur immune system really doesn’t function so well when we age. In most of our work, when we’re looking at older adults who’ve got an illness, we always have to have health controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called the ‘One Thousand Elders’. These volunteers are all 65 or over, but in good health. (20) They come to the university to provide us with blood samples, to be interviewed, an d to help us carry out a whole range of research. (21) The real impact of our researc h is going to be on health in old age. At the moment, we’re living much longer. Lif e expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade. That means an extra five ho urs a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age, and that they’re not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and bei ng generally weak. (21) We want people to be healthy, even when they’re old.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 19. What is the focus of the speaker’s research?A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older.答案：DQuestion 20. What are the volunteers asked to do in the research?A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.答案：BQuestion 21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients’immune system.C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients’medical expenses.答案：CPassage 3When Ted Camarda started teaching 14 years ago at Killip elementary, he didn’t know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. (22) He noticed a couple of days after school, that a group of kids would get together to play chess. “I know how to play chess, let me go and show these kids how to do i t”, he said. Now Camarda coaches the school’s chess team. The whole program star ted as a safe place for kids to come after school.(23)And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nas hville, Tennessee to compete with about 5000 other young people at the Super Natio nals of Chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the t eam went, they won the third place in the nation. Camarda says chess gives him and his students’control. (24)The school has the highest number of kids from low inco me families. Police frequent the area day and night. As two months ago, a young ma n was shot just down the street, Camarda likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons prove valuable outside the cla ssroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. (25)Stud ents are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to tr ouble.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 22 What did Ted Camarda notice one day after he started teaching at Ki llip elementary?A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.答案：DQuestion 23 What are dozens of students from Camarda’s school going to do thi s week?A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school’s chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.答案：CQuestion 24 What do we learn about the students of Killip elementary?A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.答案：AQuestion 25 What have the students learned from Camarda?A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.答案：BPart ⅢReadingSection AThe center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,00 0 miles away. It has _____(27)from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life.In a _____(28)to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduc ed _____(29)that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road."Michigan's _____(30)in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to _____(31)our leadership in transportation. We can 't let happen," says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead _____(32) of four bills recently intro duced.If all four bills pass as written, they would _____(33)a substantial update of Michiga n's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Ma nufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on pu blic roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state r oad trips, and even set on-demand _____(34)of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial a pplication of self-driving technology. In _____(35), California, home of Silicon Valley, rec ently proposed far more _____(36)rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving technology.26、【题干】_____.【选项】A.bidC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted 【答案】H27、【题干】_____.A.bidB.contrastC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmitted28、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantO.transmitted 【答案】G29、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted 【答案】D30、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted 【答案】I31、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted 【答案】N32、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted 【答案】J33、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted 【答案】E34、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted 【答案】B35、【题干】_____.A.bidB.contrastC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.represent K.restrictive L.reward M.significant N.sponsor O.transmittedSection BMake Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You're At It[A] We've always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations inclu de glasses, innovative stoves and more.[B] Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't r eally an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.[C] The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, W hich was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members —including guys named Jobs and Wozniak —started making and inventing things t hey couldn't buy.[D] So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't t ied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek phil osophers, as we pointed out recently.[E] These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an import ant educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, wh ich is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montesso ri and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look lik e a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you're learning to do.[F] Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream education ally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American Contcxt, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It's not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's very individu alized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody l earns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doe sn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world of textbooks. It's not the world of testing.[G] Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learni ng has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based l earning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it's assigned by a teacher. We'll all get the kids to build a small boa t. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project-based learning.[H] I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head —or you just borrow it from someone —and begin to develop it , repeat it and im prove it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to yo u and you can share it with others. I'm interested in how these things are expression s of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.[I] In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize(使变得无足轻重)makin g. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the cardbo ard tubes.[J] Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It do esn't have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should not lear n concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to bu ild upon their interest. It's to let them be in control and to drive the car.[K] Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students t o do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn't the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.[L] The teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sou nds like this is a diminished rote for teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're er eating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it's the human behaviors you're looking at. Are the y engaged? A they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling (受挫)? Do they need something that they don't have? Can you help them be aware of whe re they are?[M] My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enable us to be good learners. It's not the knowledge that is valuable, It's the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are proces ses that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interestin g problems, more challenging problems—problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.[N] If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculu m and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to b e missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit together in any mea ningful way. Rather than saying, ‘This is science, over here is history,' I see schools t aking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher le vel learning?。

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part Ⅰ WritingThe Importance of Mutual Understanding and Respect in Interpersonal RelationshipsFor college students, a harmonious interpersonal relationship, especially among classmates, can guarantee their healthy growth and development. And as for me, mutual understanding and respect is the key to building this harmony.For one thing, college students come from all over the country and they all have their own way of life and customs, so when having conflicts with each other, only mutual understanding and respect can make both sides reach an agreement. If they can reach a consensus, it will be good for them to maintain long-term friendly relations. For another thing, mutual understanding and respect can make students more willing to learn from their teachers and classmates, thus making them study more efficiently, which is conducive to creating a harmonious learning atmosphere for classes.In conclusion, mutual understanding and respect is the basis of good interpersonal relationships. Just as the saying goes, if you want to win the respect of others, you first need to respect others. Therefore, whenever you disagree with others, try to put yourself in their shoes and be more tolerant and understanding.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany's.B) Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C) Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D) Why so many girls adored崇拜Audrey Hepburn奥黛丽赫本.2. A) Her unique personality.B) Her physical condition.C) Her shift of interest to performing arts.D) Her family's suspension of financial aid.3. A) She was not an outgoing外向的、活泼的person.B) She was modest and hardworking.C) She was easy-going on the whole.D) She was usually not very optimistic.4. A) She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B) Her parents taught her to sympathize with the needy.C) She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D) Her family benefited from other people's help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Give a presentation.B) Raise some questions.C) Start a new company.D) Attend a board meeting.6. A) It will cut production costs.B) It will raise productivity.C) No staff will be dismissed解雇、开除、解散.D) No new staff will be hired.7. A) The timeline of restructuring.B) The reasons for restructuring重组、改制、调整.C) The communication channels.D) The company's new missions.8. A) By consulting their own department managers.B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C) By exploring various channels of communication.D) By visiting the company's own computer network.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B) It has animals to help passengers carry their luggage.C) It uses therapy治疗、疗法animals to soothe安慰、安抚nervous passengers.D) It allows passengers to have animals travel with them.10. A) Avoiding possible dangers.B) Finding their way around.C) Identifying drug smugglers.D) Looking after sick passengers.11. A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D) Bring their pet animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13. A) A number of different images.B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments.D) Paintings by famous French artists.14. A) The originality and expertise shown.B) The stunning images vividly depicted.C) The worldly sophistication displayed.D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15. A) His artistic taste is superb.B) His identity remains unclearC) He was a collector of antiques.D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They encourage international cooperation.B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D) They favour scientists from its member countries.17. A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B) They believe that more hands will make light work.C) They want to follow closely the international trend.D) Many of their projects have become complicated.18. A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D) It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B) Scientists discovered water on Venus金星、维纳斯.C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.20 A) It resembles相似、类似于Earth in many aspects.B) It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C) It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D) It undergoes geological changes like Earth.21. A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B) It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C) It used to have more water than Earth.D) It used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Causes of sleeplessness.B) Cross-cultural communication.C) Cultural psychology人文心理，文化心理学.D) Motivation and positive feelings.23. A) They attach great importance to sleep.B) They often have trouble falling asleep.C) They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D) They generally sleep longer than East Asians.24. A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B) By observing people's sleep patterns in labs.C) By having people wear motion意向、动作、打手势-detecting发现、调查、察觉watches.D) By videotaping people's daily sleeping processes.25. A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B) It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C) It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D) It has attracted attention all over the world.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The dream of personalised个人化的、个性化的fight is still vivid生动的、鲜明的、形象的in the minds of many inventors发明家、发明者, some developing cycle-powered 循环电力、电能循环craft工艺、手艺、太空船, others _I_26pouring倾注、倾泻__ money into jetpacks (喷气飞行背包). However, the flying car has always remained the _O_27 ultimate最后的、最终的、极限的、根本的__ symbol象征、符号、标志of personal transport freedom.Several companies around the world have produced _J_28prototypes原型、雏形__ that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus空中巴士has a futuristic未来主义的modular (组件式的) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be _B_29detached单独的、拆卸的__ from the road-going chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicopter直升机-type machine.But all these concepts are massively大量的、沉重的expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need _C_30dual 双的、双重的__ controls, involve complex folding折叠wings翅膀、展翼andpropellers推进器、螺旋桨, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people's playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses群众、大众.“A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another _K_31random任意的、随机的__ street is unlikely to happen, ”says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical航空的engineer. "Sky taxis are much more likely." But that won't stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes _H_32outrageous太离谱的、不可能的__ schemes方案、设计.Civilian平民，百姓aviation飞行、航空is being disrupted破坏、中断, not by the age-old古老的、由来已久的desires欲望、心愿for speed, romanticism浪漫主义的and _D_33glamour 魅力、迷人的、魔力的__, but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and _A_34autonomous自发的、自主的、自治的__ systems will contribute to a more efficient, integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says, "When I travel somewhere I like this notion意图、打算、见解、概念that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it. That's completely at _F_35_odds几率、胜算、赔率、不平等_ with how I feel today." Now that would be progress.A) autonomous B) detached C) dual D) glamour E) imminent F) odds G) opposites H) outrageous I) pouring J) prototypes K) random L) repressing M) segmented N) spectrum O) ultimateSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce WasteA) As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U. S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods. Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world's leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U. K. show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste.D) For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option.E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs. . They want to make their customers interested in preserving their productsand preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they're promising quality and durability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly.F) For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store ，which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principle. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear,' at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. According to the company's CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.G) In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-recycling program called “Sustainable Footprint” since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash, They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company's values.H) Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum- materials that could be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about $ 52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products.I) For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environment, and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products :J) Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies, such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.K) Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn't always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools , even f they no longer worked, because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $ 100, DeWalt launched a trade-inprogram to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products.L) Start with a trial program, and expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time, depending on what works for your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lion's share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazon and Wal-mart, do not have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best Buy changed its policy to add a $ 25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.M) Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship between theretailer/producer and the consumer isn't just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, and by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, and reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.N) These examples are just the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement (采购): less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the inside.O) Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already have——but they must also get customers engaged in the process.36. Some companies believe that products' prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers. F37. A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy. C38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness. M39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their brand reputation enhanced.E40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.G41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs.N42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.H43. It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products' ifespan.B44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling.J45. Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling.DSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists ( SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb.17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $ 23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $ 825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation- -a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million."It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue," said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who's a member of the union's negotiating committee. "This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer , who isn't regularly employed every single day working on projects."Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. " I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired," says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee."And yet that happens every day in the video game world," Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. "I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors "represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game." So "even though they're the top craftsmen in their field," Witlin says, "if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies."46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against为反对……而罢工some video game publishers?A) The labor contract between them had been violated.B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D) The negotiations谈判、协商、磋商between them had broken down.47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A) It has reaped收获、收割huge profits in recent years.B) It has become more open and transparent.C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.48. What are the voice actors demanding?A) More regular employment.B) A non-discriminatory contract.C) Extra pay额外的费用、额外的报酬based on sales revenues.D) A limit on the maximum work hours.49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.C) They are not paid on a regular basis.D) They are not employed full-time.50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座)，comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.And it's not like this hasn't happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3 ,995 ,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.That's why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions , from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit- Vanguard 1- turned 60 in 2018.Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U. S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.51. What is the purpose of the new U. S. space policy?A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.C) To make the best use of satellites in space.D) To improve traffic conditions in space.52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?A) Reduce debris in space.B) Monitor satellite operations.C) Regulate调节、控制the launching of new satellites卫星.D) Update satellite communications technology.53. What does the U. S. government hope to do with the new space policy?A) Set设立、设定international standards for the space fight industry.B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.D) Make a thorough彻底的、深入的analysis of any possible addition to除……之外、另外space debris空间碎片.55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.B) Develop technology to address处理、讲话the space debris problem.C) Limit the amount of debris entering space.D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。

2019年6月英语四级真题及答案第二套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Heavy floods. C) Bad economy.B) Safety concerns. D) Workers’ strikes.2. A) It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.B) It provides many job opportunities for French people.C) It is the biggest concern of the French government.D) It plays an important role in the nation’s economy.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) To carry out a scientific survey.B) To establish a new research station.C) To rescue two sick American workers.D) To deliver urgent medical supplies.4. A) The darkness and cold. C) The biting winds.B) The heavy snow and fog. D) The ice all around.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) By tying it to a door handle.B) By shaking it back and forth.6. A) He has lots of fans on Facebook.B) He has rich experience in flying.7. A) Spend more time together.B) Tell them adventure stories.C) With a remote control craft.D) With a full-sized helicopter.C) He often suffers from toothaches.D) He has learned to pull teeth from a video.C) Do something fun and creative.D) Play with them in a safe place.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) To confirm an urgent appointment.B) To collect a package from the woman.C) To ask the woman to sign a document.D) To arrange the delivery of a package.9. A) She is doing shopping.B) She is visiting a friend.C) She is not at home.D) She is not feeling well.10. A) He will be off duty the whole day.B) He will be working somewhere else.C) He will have to have his car repaired.D) He will be too busy to spare any time.11. A) Sign her name.B) Confirm online.C) Pay a small fee.D) Show up in person.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Vacation in Italy. C) Throw a farewell party.。

2019年6⽉四级真题第⼆套附答案及听⼒材料2019年6⽉四级真题（第⼆套）答案附后⾯Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Heavy floods.B) Safety concerns.C) Bad economy.D) Workers’ strikes.2.A) It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.B) It provides many job opportunities for French people.C) It is the biggest concern of the French government.D) It plays an important role in the nation’s economy.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.A) To carry out a scientific survey.B) To establish a new research station.C) To rescue two sick American workers.D) To deliver urgent medical supplies.4.A) The darkness and cold.B) The heavy snow and fog.C) The biting winds.D) The ice all around.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) By tying it to a door handle.B) By shaking it back and forth.C) With a remote control craft.D) With a full-sized helicopter.6.A) He has lots of fans on Facebook.B) He has rich experience in flying.C) He often suffers from toothaches.D) He has learned to pull teeth from a video.7.A) Spend more time together.B) Tell them adventure stories.C) Do something fun and creative.D) Play with them in a safe place.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) To confirm an urgent appointment.B) To collect a package from the woman.C) To ask the woman to sign a document.D) To arrange the delivery of a package.9.A) She is doing shopping.B) She is visiting a friend.C) She is not at home.D) She is not feeling well.10.A) He will be off duty the whole day.B) He will be working somewhere else.C) He will have to have his car repaired.D) He will be too busy to spare any time.11.A) Sign her name.B) Confirm online.C) Pay a small fee.D) Show up in person.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Vacation in Italy.B) Study abroad.C) Throw a farewell party.D) Go to a fashion show in Milan.13.A) Quite sleepy.B) Very excited.C) Rather depressed.D) Nearly exhausted.14.A) He has to attend a party.B) He has to meet a friend.C) He has to make a presentation.D) He has to finish an assignment.15.A) Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.B) Meet the woman at the Black Cat Cafe.C) Drive the woman to the airport.D) Have lunch with the woman.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) It has kept growing over the centuries.B) Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.C) Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.D) It has a recorded history of 1,500 years.A) They are now a tourist destination.B) They attract a lot of migrating birds.C) They provide shelter for the farmers.D) They make good fields for farming.18.A) They nest on the volcano’s slopes.B) They feed on certain small mammals.C) They compete with each other for food.D) They match large mammals in strength.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) He is self-employed.B) He is a career advisor.C) He studies talent.D) He owns a magazine.20.A) Doing what they like best.B) Loving the work they do.C) Making no excuses for failures.D) Following their natural instinct.21.A) It does not come to anything without hard work.B) It may prove to be quite different from hard work.C) It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.D) It does not come to you until something special happens. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) It is a bit difficult to learn.B) It was popular in New Zealand.C) It is a traditional type of ballet.D) It evolved in the mid-1970s.23.A) She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.B) She used to be a ballet dancer herself.C) She hated to see her idling about.D) She was too busy to look after her.24.A) After she started teaching English.B) Before she left for New Zealand.C) When she moved to New York city.D) Once she began to live on her own.25.A) It has renewed her passion for life.B) It has made her happy and energetic.C) It has helped her make new friends.D) It has enabled her to start a new career.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most 26 predators (⾷⾁动物)，killer whales may not fit the 27 of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly 28 behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere”, which 29 means “to cultivate.” In other words, it refers to anything that is 30 or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic 31 that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to 32 in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different 33 across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that34 from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey (猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to 35 that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’ genetic development.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18- to 34-year-olds A) Broad demographic (⼈⼝的) shifts in marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives –where they call home. In 2014, for the first time inmore than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents’ home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.B) This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation’s 18- to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.C) By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member, such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling (兄弟姐妹), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.D) It’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35% of the nation’s 18- to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.E) Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men ages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since 2009. In 2014, 28% of young men were living with a spouse or partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse or romantic partner (35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s) (29%).F) In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.G) A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young adults living with their parents. The first is the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adults may be eschewing marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today’s young adults may never marry. While cohabitation (同居) has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.H) In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18- to 34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨道) since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. As wages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.I) Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be able to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage – which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men – may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.J) The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net helping young adults to weather the economic storm.K) Beyond gender, young adults’ living arrangements differ considerably by education – which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18- to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living wi th a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households. 36. Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.37. In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.38. The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.39. Around the mid-20 century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds lived in their parents’ home.40. Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.41. Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.42. More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.43. The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.44. The rise in the number of college students made young adults live with their parents.45. One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that they get married late or stay single all their lives.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders. So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.46. What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.47. What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A) Personality traits.B) Gender bias.C) Family responsibilities.D) Lack of vacancies.49. What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.50. What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage?A) A woman in the highest position of government.B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.C) A majority of women voting for a female president.D) As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role,” he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (⼼⾎管的) disease among taller people”.But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believe the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to com e.”51. What does the global study tell us about people’s height in the last hundred years?A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.B) There has been a marked increase in most countries.C) The increase in people’s height has been quickenin g.D) The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people’s height?A) It counts less than generally thought.B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C) It impacts more on an individual than on population.D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.53. What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A) They tend to live longer.B) They enjoy an easier life.C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D) They have greater expectations in life.54. What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D) They have experienced many changes of government.55. What does James Bentham suggest we do?A) Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Part IV TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要⽤于照明。

2019年6月大学英语四级（第二套）参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)A visit to Hope Elementary School Organized by student unionLast Thursday, volunteers from our university assembled to visit a Hope elementary school which was established in 2009. The whole trip went well and left unforgettable memory on all of us.It was doomed to be a special and meaningful trip as the Hope elementary school was built to offer an equal chance to the students remote from superior education resource. On entering the school, we felt refreshed by the beautiful natural environment and astonished by the brand-new facilities as well as professional and warm-hearted faculty members. We met the headmaster in a simply-decorated office and he narrated the school’s development in the past decade. volunteers also played games with pupils after school, feeling deeply touched by their innocence and cordiality. In the end, faculties and students, together with our volunteers took a group photo in front of the school gate.Education is deemed as a driving force of social development. There are reasons for us to believe that Hope elementary schools are beacons that lighten the childhood of those kids and illuminate the prospect of our country.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.【答案&原文】 B DFrance is facing potentially more than one billion dollars and lost revenue this year due to huge declines in tourism. Safety concerns have been one of the biggest reasons why the country has lost over half a billion in revenue already in the first six months of 2016. The terror attacks in pairs last November, were called Europe’s worst in the past decade. Besides violence, workers’ strikes and heavy floods are said to have also been why international tourists have stayed away. So far in the Pairs region, there’s been a 46% decline in Japanese visitors, 35% fewer Russians and 27% fewer Italians. American travelers seem the least affected. Their numbers have only dropped by roughly 5%. According to the French government, the country is the number one tourist destination in the world, and tourism is extremely important to the French economy. The sector represents roughly 9% of its GDP. The head of Paris’s Tourism Board said, “It’s time to realize that the tourism sector is going through an industrial disaster.”1. What accounts most for the huge declines in tourism in France?2. What do we learn from the report about tourism in France?Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.【答案&原文】 C AA small plane with two sick U.S. workers arrived safely in Chile late Wednesday after leaving Antarctica in a daring rescue mission from a remote South Pole research station. After making a stop for a few hours at a British station on the edge of Antarctica, the two workers were flown to the southernmost Chilean city of Punta Arenas. In a chaotic two days of flying, the rescue team flew 3,000 miles round-trip from the British station Rothera to pick up the workers at the U.S. Amundsen-Scott Station at the South Pole. “The two patients aboard will be transported to a medical facility that can provide a level of care that is not available at Amundsen-Scott,” says a spokesperson. Normally planes don’t go to the polar post from February to October because of the dangers of flying in the pitch-dark and cold. “Antarctica creates a hostile environment,” says the operations director for the British Antarctic Survey, “If you are not careful, it’ll come around and bite you.”Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. What was the small plane’s mission to Antarctica?4. What makes flying to Antarctica dangerous from February to October?Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.【答案&原文】 D B CA pilot from Virginia removed his son’s loose tooth using a helicopter. Rick Rahim, from Virginia, flies helicopters for a living, and when his seven-year-old son’s tooth became loose, he did not waste time by tying it to a door handle. Instead, Mr. Rahim tied one end of a string around his son’s tooth and the other end to his full-sized commercial helicopter. The father of four posted video clip of his playful venture on Facebook, advising parents to do fun and creative stuff with their kids. The video shows him launching the helicopter into the air and flying just far enough to successfully remove the loose tooth. At the end of the video, Mr. Rahim assures watches that the circumstances were safe, and that he has 13 years of helicopter flying experience behind him. “You’ve got to do everything safe in life, and that’s what I did today,” he said. Mr. Rahim later said that although some parents have used remote control helicopters to pull teeth before, he might be the first to use a full-sized aircraft, as he can’t find evidence that it has been done before.5. How did Rick Rahim remove his son’s loose tooth?6. What does the news reports say about Rick Rahim?7. What did Rick Rahim advise parents to do with their kids?Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.【答案&原文】 D C B AW: Hi, Emma’s speaking. Who’s this?M: Hi, Emma, I’m Paul from Emingl’s Delivery Service. Here’s a package for you. Are you at home to collect it?W: Oh, sorry, Paul. I’m out at the moment. Can you put it in my mailbox?M: I’m afraid I can’t do that. Sorry. The package is too big and it needs a signature to confirm you have received it. So I would need to deliver it at a time when you are in.W: Okay, well, I’m out all day today, but I should be in tomorrow morning before I go out for lunch. And then I’ll be at home again later in the afternoon. Will either of those times be convenient for you?M: They’re not unfortunately. I’m sorry. I won’t be in the area tomorrow as I have some other deliveries to make on the other side of town. I could come the day after if that suits you.W: Okay. Yes, that should be fine. I have a friend coming around in the afternoon, but I’ll be at home. So the day after tomorrow will be great. Do I need to pay for the package?M: No, you don’t. It says here that you pay for it when you ordered it online.W: Oh, yes, I did. I got mixed up.M: So you just need to sign the form to say you’ve received it.W: Ok, great. See you the day after tomorrow then.M: Yes. See you then.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. Why is the man making the phone call?9. Why can’t the woman meet the man today?10. Why is the man unable to see the woman tomorrow?11. What should the woman do to receive her purchase?Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.【答案&原文】 B C D AM: Hi, Emily! I hear you’re leaving for Italy soon. Do you plan to have a going-away party before you disappear? It’ll be really nice for us to hang out together before you go.W: I’m not sure. I’m leaving in just two more days, and I’m going to miss all my friends here and especially this place. Why don’t you come over? I’m feeling rather sad, actually. I’m currently sitting alone at a table outside the Black Cat Cafe, listening to the rain and watching people passing by.M: I am sorry. I can’t just now. I need to get this assignment finished by Monday, and I’m way behind. Anyhow, cheer up! You’re not leaving for good, and you’ll absolutely love Italy.W: Yeah, you’re right. But I just feel like I’m not quite ready to go. And studying in a foreign country seems a bit overwhelming.M: Just think of your life in Milan. In the mornings, you can go down to a small local cafe, soaking up the sun’s rays and drinking coffee. I envy you. You can buy lots of gorgeous Italian clothes.W: That does sound nice. And of course I can keep in touch with everyone through Facebook. Maybe you can all come visit me.M: Of course we will. When is your flight?W: On Saturday, after lunch, at 1:45.M: Okay, I’ll try and come to the airport on Saturday to see you off. I’ll give you a call that morning, no matter what.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What is the woman going to do?13. How does the woman feel at the moment?14. Why can’t the man meet the woman now?15. What will the man possibly do on Saturday?Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.【答案&原文】 C D BMount Etna is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. The mountain has been in a state of near continuous eruption for half of a million years. Exploring the Etna geographical area reveals a history written in fire. Before the eruptions, it was covered by forests of pine trees. Located in southern Italy, Etna is the highest active volcano in Europe. However, its height often changes when volcanic material accumulates during eruptions and subsequently collapses. Few volcanoes in the world have an eruptionhistory so thoroughly documented by historical records. Etna’s eruption history dates back as far as 1500 BC. Some two hundred eruptions have been recorded down through the centuries, but compared with other volcanoes, most of its eruptions have so far been fairly light in terms of death and destruction. Only about one hundred deaths have been attributed to the volcano. The mountain hasn’t been entirely harmless, however. In 1928, it destroyed the town of Mascali. Over the centuries, Etna’s lowest slopes have been shaped by human hands to take advantage of rich soils for growing grapes, apples and nuts. Local people have also carved out over two hundred caves in the soft rock, and use them for everything from sacred burial places to food storage. Large mammals once wandered the volcano’s slopes, but today, foxes, wild cats, rabbits and mice are more common. Some of those small mammals help to sustain such big birds as golden eagles. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What does the speaker say about Mount Etna?17. What do we learn about the lower slopes of Mount Etna?18. What does the speaker say about big birds like golden eagles at Mount Etna? Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.【答案&原文】 A B AMy name is Brandon Leonard and I’m an author, magazine writer, filmmaker and public speaker. I’m self-employed, which means I work for myself and I do what I love. We have a popular saying in America which goes, “Do what you love and you’ll never work a day in your life.” But I’m here to tell you that instead of focusing on doing what we love, I think we should focus on loving what we do. In my line of work, you’ll hear a lot about talent, which is an idea we’ve mostly invented to give ourselves an excuse to be lazy. Here’s why: if you see someone doing something really well, you would say it’s because they are talented. You think they are somehow special. You discount the tremendous amount of work they’ve done to get to where they are. Research has shown that talent is nothing without hard work. I choose to believe in hard work, but not so much in talent. There are no special people, just people who put in enough hard work until something special happens. I can promise you one thing: whatever you choose to do for a career, if you work hard at it, eventually, special things will happen. They may not happen as quickly as you’d like them to, and they may turn out to be completely different from the special things you imagined at the beginning, but they will happen.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What do we learn about the speaker?20. What is the speaker’s advice to his audience?21. What does the speaker say about talent?Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.【答案&原文】 D C A BA question we often ask others and are also frequently asked by others is “what do you normally do after school or work?” Some commonplace answers are, “Well, I go to the gym.” “Umm, I just go home and watch TV.” “I meet my friends for dinner.” or “I just go to bed because it’s so late and I’m tired.” Unlike any of these typical responses, I’m proud to say that I love to dance Salsa after a long and tiring day of work. Salsa is a kind of dancing that evolved in the mid-1970s in New York. My dancing life began not because I wanted to do it, but because my mother was sick and tired of seeing me running around after school doing nothing. So she enrolled me into a ballet course when I was six. I fell in love with it instantly and continued with ballet dancing for about ten years. Then, I left my native country of New Zealand to start my career as an English teacher, which eventually brought my dancing life to a halt. It wasn’t until I rediscovered Salsa in a lovely studio while working in Asia that I renewed my passion for dancing. Since then, I have been trying to attend dancing classes twice a week after work. It’s a great way for me to relieve stress and pressure, and dance my way towards feeling energetic and happy again.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What does the speaker say about the dance Salsa?23. Why did the speaker’s mother enroll her in a ballet course?24. When did the speaker’s dancing life come to a halt?25. In what way has Salsa dancing benefited the speaker?Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A CIKJA BOGFMSection B HEGBK FIHJGSection C DCBDA BCABDPart Ⅱ Translation (30 minutes)Lanterns, originating from the Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220), were initially used as lamps. People started to celebrate their peaceful life with red lanterns during the Tang Dynasty (618–907). Lanterns have since started to catch on across much of China. Typically made of thin paper with bright colors, lanterns can vary in shape and size. Asred lanterns signify a happy life and a thriving business in traditional Chinese culture, they are normally raised during the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival and the National Day holiday. Red lanterns can also be found in many other parts of the world today.。

20196月四级真题及解析卷二(总30页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--英语四级真题及答案（卷二）英语四级真题及答案（卷二）Part I Writing1、【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【答案】An Impressive Activities-VisitingIn order to help us students to enrich life and broaden horizon, the Student Union organized a meaningful activity on last weekend--visiting the local farm, by which we grasped much useful knowledge about agriculture.The farm we visited is located in the suburb of Beijing and far away from our school, which covers an area of 1000 square feet. Along with native foods like rice and potatoes, the farmers on the farm grow many organic vegetables, including corn, cucumbers, tomatoes and so forth. Besides, the farm breeds a host of local species such as dairy cattle, geese, chicken by modern scientific technique. One of the most impressive things for us is that by means of green farming methods, the problem of environmental pollution has been effectively alleviated.This outdoors activity has a really deep impression for us. Not only did it get us closer to the nature and relieve pressure from us, it also enhance our professional knowledge about husbandry technology.Part Ⅲ Reading Section AThe center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has _____(27)from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life.In a _____(28)to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced _____(29)that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road."Michigan's _____(30)in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to _____(31)our leadership in transportation. We can't let happen," says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead _____(32) of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would _____(33)a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-demand _____(34)of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In _____(35), California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more _____(36)rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving technology.27、【题干】_____.【选项】【答案】H28、【题干】_____. 【选项】【答案】A29、【题干】_____. 【选项】【答案】G30、【题干】_____. 【选项】【答案】D31、【题干】_____. 【选项】【答案】I32、【题干】_____. 【选项】【答案】N33、【题干】_____. 【选项】【答案】J34、【题干】_____. 【选项】【答案】E35、【题干】_____. 【选项】【答案】B36、【题干】_____. 【选项】【答案】KPart Ⅲ Reading Section BMake Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You're At It[A] We've always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.[B] Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.[C] The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, Which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members — including guys named Jobs and Wozniak — started making and inventing things they couldn't buy.[D] So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.[E] These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you're learning to do.[F] Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American Contcxt, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It's not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's veryindividualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world of textbooks. It's not the world of testing.[G] Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it's assigned by a teacher. We'll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project-based learning.[H] I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head —or you just borrow it from someone — and begin to develop it , repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. I'm interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.[I] In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize(使变得无足轻重)making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the cardboard tubes.[J] Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It doesn't have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It's to let them be in control and to drive the car.[K] Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn't the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.[L] The teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a diminished rote for teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're ereating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things.You are watching them and really it's the human behaviors you're looking at. Are they engaged A they developing and repeating their project Are they stumbling (受挫) Do they need something that they don't have Can you help them be aware of where they are[M] My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enable us to be good learners. It's not the knowledge that is valuable, It's the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems—problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.[N] If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, ‘This is science, over here is history,' I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning?[O] I feel like this is a shift away form a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It's still in its early stages, but I think it's shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.37.【题干】A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.【选项】【答案】E38.【题干】The teachers' role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process.【选项】【答案】L39.【题干】Coming up with an idea of one's own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making.【选项】【答案】H40.【题干】Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.【选项】【答案】F41.【题干】America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself. 【选项】【答案】A42.【题干】Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge. 【选项】【答案】J43.【题干】Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.【选项】【答案】G44.【题干】The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.【选项】【答案】N45.【题干】The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.【选项】【答案】D46.【题干】Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks.【选项】【答案】IPart Ⅲ Reading Section CPassage OneQuestions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow(誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill."Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce," said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset(发生)of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic(慢性的)illness onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems."We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness," Karraker said. "They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the noes who become ill, they're more likely to get divorced."While the study didn't assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. "Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses," Karraker said. "And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women."Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce."Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she said. "But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs."47.【题干】What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?【选项】may not guarantee a lasting marriage.are as binding as they used to be.are not taken seriously any more.may help couples tide over hard times.【答案】A48.【题干】What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?【选项】are generally not good at taking care of themselves.can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.【答案】B49.【题干】What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?【选项】are more likely to be widowed.are more likely to get divorced.are less likely to receive good care.are less likely to bother their spouses.【答案】B50.【题干】Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker【选项】are more accustomed to receiving care.find it more important to make money for the family.think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.expect society to do more of the job.【答案】A51.【题干】What does Karraker think is also important?【选项】marital stress on wives.old couples's relations.extra care for divorced women.men pay for their wives' health costs.【答案】CPassage TwoQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling's(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know youDid it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive(认知的)error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the "wrong" name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, "but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group."The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—familyor friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.52.【题干】How might people often feel when they were misnamed?【选项】....【答案】B53.【题干】What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?【选项】is related to the way our memories work.is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.occurs mostly between kids and their friends.often causes misunderstandings among people.【答案】D54.【题干】What is most likely the cause of misnaming?【选项】personality traits.spellings of names.physical appearance.pronunciation of names.【答案】D55.【题干】What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?【选项】more often than not hurts relationships.hardly occurs across gender boundaries.is most frequently found in extended families.most often occurs within a relationship groups.【答案】D56.【题干】Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?【选项】suffer more frustrations.become worn out more often.communicate more with their children.generally take on more work at home.【答案】C57、翻译【题干】灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。

2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题及详解（第二套）Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope Elementary School organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】In order to cultivate the service awareness and care for the students in rural places, the Student Union of our campus organized a visit to Green Hope Elementary School last Sunday. We had a great time there.After arriving at the Green Hope Elementary School, the teacher and students with their special simple enthusiasm welcomed us. In the morning, we donated some books, toys and clothes to them on behalf of students of our college. The pupils sang and danced to express their gratitude. In the afternoon, we played several games and chatted with them. I was touched by their delighting laughter and bitter life. I believe those simple and independent kids will embrace a bright future.To sum up, this activity has achieved a great success. Not only did it enhance the service awareness of members of the Student Union, but also bring hopes to the pupils in Green Hope Elementary School.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Heavy floods.B) Safety concerns.C) Bad economy.D) Workers’ strikes.【答案】B【解析】根据录音可知，对安全的担忧一直是造成法国在2016年上半年财政收入损失超过五亿美元的最大原因之一。

2019年6月四级真题（第二套）答案附后面Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Heavy floods.B) Safety concerns.C) Bad economy.D) Workers’ strikes.2.A) It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.B) It provides many job opportunities for French people.C) It is the biggest concern of the French government.D) It plays an important role in the nation’s economy.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.A) To carry out a scientific survey.B) To establish a new research station.C) To rescue two sick American workers.D) To deliver urgent medical supplies.4.A) The darkness and cold.B) The heavy snow and fog.C) The biting winds.D) The ice all around.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) By tying it to a door handle.B) By shaking it back and forth.C) With a remote control craft.D) With a full-sized helicopter.6.A) He has lots of fans on Facebook.B) He has rich experience in flying.C) He often suffers from toothaches.D) He has learned to pull teeth from a video.7.A) Spend more time together.B) Tell them adventure stories.C) Do something fun and creative.D) Play with them in a safe place.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) To confirm an urgent appointment.B) To collect a package from the woman.C) To ask the woman to sign a document.D) To arrange the delivery of a package.9.A) She is doing shopping.B) She is visiting a friend.C) She is not at home.D) She is not feeling well.10.A) He will be off duty the whole day.B) He will be working somewhere else.C) He will have to have his car repaired.D) He will be too busy to spare any time.11.A) Sign her name.B) Confirm online.C) Pay a small fee.D) Show up in person.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Vacation in Italy.B) Study abroad.C) Throw a farewell party.D) Go to a fashion show in Milan.13.A) Quite sleepy.B) Very excited.C) Rather depressed.D) Nearly exhausted.14.A) He has to attend a party.B) He has to meet a friend.C) He has to make a presentation.D) He has to finish an assignment.15.A) Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.B) Meet the woman at the Black Cat Cafe.C) Drive the woman to the airport.D) Have lunch with the woman.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) It has kept growing over the centuries.B) Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.C) Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.D) It has a recorded history of 1,500 years.A) They are now a tourist destination.B) They attract a lot of migrating birds.C) They provide shelter for the farmers.D) They make good fields for farming.18.A) They nest on the volcano’s slopes.B) They feed on certain small mammals.C) They compete with each other for food.D) They match large mammals in strength.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) He is self-employed.B) He is a career advisor.C) He studies talent.D) He owns a magazine.20.A) Doing what they like best.B) Loving the work they do.C) Making no excuses for failures.D) Following their natural instinct.21.A) It does not come to anything without hard work.B) It may prove to be quite different from hard work.C) It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.D) It does not come to you until something special happens. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) It is a bit difficult to learn.B) It was popular in New Zealand.C) It is a traditional type of ballet.D) It evolved in the mid-1970s.23.A) She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.B) She used to be a ballet dancer herself.C) She hated to see her idling about.D) She was too busy to look after her.24.A) After she started teaching English.B) Before she left for New Zealand.C) When she moved to New York city.D) Once she began to live on her own.25.A) It has renewed her passion for life.B) It has made her happy and energetic.C) It has helped her make new friends.D) It has enabled her to start a new career.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most 26 predators (食肉动物)，killer whales may not fit the 27 of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly 28 behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere”, which 29 means “to cultivate.” In other words, it refers to anything that is 30 or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic 31 that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to 32 in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different 33 across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that34 from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey (猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to 35 that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’ genetic development.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18- to 34-year-olds A) Broad demographic (人口的) shifts in marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives – where they call home. In 2014, for the first time inmore than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents’ home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.B) This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation’s 18- to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.C) By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member, such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling (兄弟姐妹), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.D) It’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35% of the nation’s 18- to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.E) Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men ages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since 2009. In 2014, 28% of young men were living with a spouse or partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse or romantic partner (35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s) (29%).F) In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.G) A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young adults living with their parents. The first is the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adults may be eschewing marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today’s young adults may never marry. While cohabitation (同居) has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.H) In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18- to 34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨道) since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. As wages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.I) Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be able to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage – which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men – may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.J) The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net helping young adults to weather the economic storm.K) Beyond gender, young adults’ living arrangements differ considerably by education – which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18- to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living wi th a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households. 36. Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.37. In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.38. The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.39. Around the mid-20 century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds lived in their parents’ home.40. Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.41. Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.42. More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.43. The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.44. The rise in the number of college students made young adults live with their parents.45. One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that they get married late or stay single all their lives.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.46. What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.47. What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A) Personality traits.B) Gender bias.C) Family responsibilities.D) Lack of vacancies.49. What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.50. What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage?A) A woman in the highest position of government.B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.C) A majority of women voting for a female president.D) As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role,” he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease among taller people”.But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believe the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to com e.”51. What does the global study tell us about people’s height in the last hundred years?A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.B) There has been a marked increase in most countries.C) The increase in people’s height has been quickenin g.D) The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people’s height?A) It counts less than generally thought.B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C) It impacts more on an individual than on population.D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.53. What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A) They tend to live longer.B) They enjoy an easier life.C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D) They have greater expectations in life.54. What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D) They have experienced many changes of government.55. What does James Bentham suggest we do?A) Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Part IV TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。

2019年6月大学英语四级（第二套）参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)A visit to Hope Elementary School Organized by student unionLast Thursday, volunteers from our university assembled to visit a Hope elementary school which was established in 2009. The whole trip went well and left unforgettable memory on all of us.It was doomed to be a special and meaningful trip as the Hope elementary school was built to offer an equal chance to the students remote from superior education resource. On entering the school, we felt refreshed by the beautiful natural environment and astonished by the brand-new facilities as well as professional and warm-hearted faculty members. We met the headmaster in a simply-decorated office and he narrated the school’s development in the past decade. volunteers also played games with pupils after school, feeling deeply touched by their innocence and cordiality. In the end, faculties and students, together with our volunteers took a group photo in front of the school gate.Education is deemed as a driving force of social development. There are reasons for us to believe that Hope elementary schools are beacons that lighten the childhood of those kids and illuminate the prospect of our country.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.【答案&原文】 B DFrance is facing potentially more than one billion dollars and lost revenue this year due to huge declines in tourism. Safety concerns have been one of the biggest reasons why the country has lost over half a billion in revenue already in the first six months of 2016. The terror attacks in pairs last November, were called Europe’s worst in the past decade. Besides violence, workers’ strikes and heavy floods are said to have also been why international tourists have stayed away. So far in the Pairs region, there’s been a 46% decline in Japanese visitors, 35% fewer Russians and 27% fewer Italians. American travelers seem the least affected. Their numbers have only dropped by roughly 5%. According to the French government, the country is the number one tourist destination in the world, and tourism is extremely important to the French economy. The sector represents roughly 9% of its GDP. The head of Paris’s Tourism Board said, “It’s time to realize that the tourism sector is going through an industrial disaster.”1. What accounts most for the huge declines in tourism in France?2. What do we learn from the report about tourism in France?Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.【答案&原文】 C AA small plane with two sick U.S. workers arrived safely in Chile late Wednesday after leaving Antarctica in a daring rescue mission from a remote South Pole research station. After making a stop for a few hours at a British station on the edge of Antarctica, the two workers were flown to the southernmost Chilean city of Punta Arenas. In a chaotic two days of flying, the rescue team flew 3,000 miles round-trip from the British station Rothera to pick up the workers at the U.S. Amundsen-Scott Station at the South Pole. “The two patients aboard will be transported to a medical facility that can provide a level of care that is not available at Amundsen-Scott,” says a spokesperson. Normally planes don’t go to the polar post from February to October because of the dangers of flying in the pitch-dark and cold. “Antarctica creates a hostile environment,” says the operations director for the British Antarctic Survey, “If you are not careful, it’ll come around and bite you.”Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. What was the small plane’s mission to Antarctica?4. What makes flying to Antarctica dangerous from February to October?Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.【答案&原文】 D B CA pilot from Virginia removed his son’s loose tooth using a helicopter. Rick Rahim, from Virginia, flies helicopters for a living, and when his seven-year-old son’s tooth became loose, he did not waste time by tying it to a door handle. Instead, Mr. Rahim tied one end of a string around his son’s tooth and the other end to his full-sized commercial helicopter. The father of four posted video clip of his playful venture on Facebook, advising parents to do fun and creative stuff with their kids. The video shows him launching the helicopter into the air and flying just far enough to successfully remove the loose tooth. At the end of the video, Mr. Rahim assures watches that the circumstances were safe, and that he has 13 years of helicopter flying experience behind him. “You’ve got to do everything safe in life, and that’s what I did today,” he said. Mr. Rahim later said that although some parents have used remote control helicopters to pull teeth before, he might be the first to use a full-sized aircraft, as he can’t find evidence that it has been done before.5. How did Rick Rahim remove his son’s loose tooth?6. What does the news reports say about Rick Rahim?7. What did Rick Rahim advise parents to do with their kids?Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.【答案&原文】 D C B AW: Hi, Emma’s speaking. Who’s this?M: Hi, Emma, I’m Paul from Emingl’s Delivery Service. Here’s a package for you. Are you at home to collect it?W: Oh, sorry, Paul. I’m out at the moment. Can you put it in my mailbox?M: I’m afraid I can’t do that. Sorry. The package is too big and it needs a signature to confirm you have received it. So I would need to deliver it at a time when you are in.W: Okay, well, I’m out all day today, but I should be in tomorrow morning before I go out for lunch. And then I’ll be at home again later in the afternoon. Will either of those times be convenient for you?M: They’re not unfortunately. I’m sorry. I won’t be in the area tomorrow as I have some other deliveries to make on the other side of town. I could come the day after if that suits you.W: Okay. Yes, that should be fine. I have a friend coming around in the afternoon, but I’ll be at home. So the day after tomorrow will be great. Do I need to pay for the package?M: No, you don’t. It says here that you pay for it when you ordered it online.W: Oh, yes, I did. I got mixed up.M: So you just need to sign the form to say you’ve received it.W: Ok, great. See you the day after tomorrow then.M: Yes. See you then.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. Why is the man making the phone call?9. Why can’t the woman meet the man today?10. Why is the man unable to see the woman tomorrow?11. What should the woman do to receive her purchase?Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.【答案&原文】 B C D AM: Hi, Emily! I hear you’re leaving for Italy soon. Do you plan to have a going-away party before you disappear? It’ll be really nice for us to hang out together before you go.W: I’m not sure. I’m leaving in just two more days, and I’m going to miss all my friends here and especially this place. Why don’t you come over? I’m feeling rather sad, actually. I’m currently sitting alone at a table outside the Black Cat Cafe, listening to the rain and watching people passing by.M: I am sorry. I can’t just now. I need to get this assignment finished by Monday, and I’m way behind. Anyhow, cheer up! You’re not leaving for good, and you’ll absolutely love Italy.W: Yeah, you’re right. But I just feel like I’m not quite ready to go. And studying in a foreign country seems a bit overwhelming.M: Just think of your life in Milan. In the mornings, you can go down to a small local cafe, soaking up the sun’s rays and drinking coffee. I envy you. You can buy lots of gorgeous Italian clothes.W: That does sound nice. And of course I can keep in touch with everyone through Facebook. Maybe you can all come visit me.M: Of course we will. When is your flight?W: On Saturday, after lunch, at 1:45.M: Okay, I’ll try and come to the airport on Saturday to see you off. I’ll give you a call that morning, no matter what.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What is the woman going to do?13. How does the woman feel at the moment?14. Why can’t the man meet the woman now?15. What will the man possibly do on Saturday?Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.【答案&原文】 C D BMount Etna is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. The mountain has been in a state of near continuous eruption for half of a million years. Exploring the Etna geographical area reveals a history written in fire. Before the eruptions, it was covered by forests of pine trees. Located in southern Italy, Etna is the highest active volcano in Europe. However, its height often changes when volcanic material accumulates during eruptions and subsequently collapses. Few volcanoes in the world have an eruptionhistory so thoroughly documented by historical records. Etna’s eruption history dates back as far as 1500 BC. Some two hundred eruptions have been recorded down through the centuries, but compared with other volcanoes, most of its eruptions have so far been fairly light in terms of death and destruction. Only about one hundred deaths have been attributed to the volcano. The mountain hasn’t been entirely harmless, however. In 1928, it destroyed the town of Mascali. Over the centuries, Etna’s lowest slopes have been shaped by human hands to take advantage of rich soils for growing grapes, apples and nuts. Local people have also carved out over two hundred caves in the soft rock, and use them for everything from sacred burial places to food storage. Large mammals once wandered the volcano’s slopes, but today, foxes, wild cats, rabbits and mice are more common. Some of those small mammals help to sustain such big birds as golden eagles. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What does the speaker say about Mount Etna?17. What do we learn about the lower slopes of Mount Etna?18. What does the speaker say about big birds like golden eagles at Mount Etna? Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.【答案&原文】 A B AMy name is Brandon Leonard and I’m an author, magazine writer, filmmaker and public speaker. I’m self-employed, which means I work for myself and I do what I love. We have a popular saying in America which goes, “Do what you love and you’ll never work a day in your life.” But I’m here to tell you that instead of focusing on doing what we love, I think we should focus on loving what we do. In my line of work, you’ll hear a lot about talent, which is an idea we’ve mostly invented to give ourselves an excuse to be lazy. Here’s why: if you see someone doing something really well, you would say it’s because they are talented. You think they are somehow special. You discount the tremendous amount of work they’ve done to get to where they are. Research has shown that talent is nothing without hard work. I choose to believe in hard work, but not so much in talent. There are no special people, just people who put in enough hard work until something special happens. I can promise you one thing: whatever you choose to do for a career, if you work hard at it, eventually, special things will happen. They may not happen as quickly as you’d like them to, and they may turn out to be completely different from the special things you imagined at the beginning, but they will happen.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What do we learn about the speaker?20. What is the speaker’s advice to his audience?21. What does the speaker say about talent?Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.【答案&原文】 D C A BA question we often ask others and are also frequently asked by others is “what do you normally do after school or work?” Some commonplace answers are, “Well, I go to the gym.” “Umm, I just go home and watch TV.” “I meet my friends for dinner.” or “I just go to bed because it’s so late and I’m tired.” Unlike any of these typical responses, I’m proud to say that I love to dance Salsa after a long and tiring day of work. Salsa is a kind of dancing that evolved in the mid-1970s in New York. My dancing life began not because I wanted to do it, but because my mother was sick and tired of seeing me running around after school doing nothing. So she enrolled me into a ballet course when I was six. I fell in love with it instantly and continued with ballet dancing for about ten years. Then, I left my native country of New Zealand to start my career as an English teacher, which eventually brought my dancing life to a halt. It wasn’t until I rediscovered Salsa in a lovely studio while working in Asia that I renewed my passion for dancing. Since then, I have been trying to attend dancing classes twice a week after work. It’s a great way for me to relieve stress and pressure, and dance my way towards feeling energetic and happy again.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What does the speaker say about the dance Salsa?23. Why did the speaker’s mother enroll her in a ballet course?24. When did the speaker’s dancing life come to a halt?25. In what way has Salsa dancing benefited the speaker?Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A CIKJA BOGFMSection B HEGBK FIHJGSection C DCBDA BCABDPart Ⅱ Translation (30 minutes)Lanterns, originating from the Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220), were initially used as lamps. People started to celebrate their peaceful life with red lanterns during the Tang Dynasty (618–907). Lanterns have since started to catch on across much of China. Typically made of thin paper with bright colors, lanterns can vary in shape and size. Asred lanterns signify a happy life and a thriving business in traditional Chinese culture, they are normally raised during the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival and the National Day holiday. Red lanterns can also be found in many other parts of the world today.。