听力教程 答案 施心远

Unit 2Section 1Part 1make up /Would you / will it/ It’ll/I’ll/ Shall I/ Later’llPart 2①, ④, ⑦, ⑧Section 2Part 1FTF1. Because he finds that London is so dirty and there’s so much stress.2. He lives in a village in the country, about 40 miles away from London.3. He used to go to work by bicycle.4. Most likely he goes to work by car now because he said that it takes him less than an hour and a half, door to door, to get to work.5. He works for a newspaper now.Name: Phyllis Nationality: BritishBeing abroad: YesCountry: Australia Length of stay: 12 yearsWhere were his family during this stay in that country: They were with him.Advantages: good climate; relaxed at work as well as socially.Time when he returned home: 10 years ago.Part 2AADDBCABPart 3News Item 1New research says 35% of all child deaths worldwide are caused by undernutrition -- hunger. The Lancet, the British medical magazine, just published a series of five studies. The answer, they suggest, is greater investment in nutritional services and improvements to health systems.The research involved poor to middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Robert Black from the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland was the lead author of the series. He says more than three and one-half million mothers and children under five die in poor countries each year because of undernutrition.…..…..is about a new research says 35% of all child deaths worldwide are caused by undernutrition -- hunger.News item 2Last week, Bill Gates retired from full-time work at the world's biggest computer software company, Microsoft. He will remain chairman of the company he established with Paul Allen in 1975.Mr Gates leaves Microsoft at a time of change in the computing industry. Early on, Microsoft understood the importance of the "network effect." That is, software is the kind of product that increases in value as more people buy and use it.At 52 years old, Bill Gates is currently the third richest man in the world. He is worth about 58 billion dollars. Mr Gates will now spend most of his time working at his charity organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The foundation is the world's largest charity with over 37 billion dollars. It provides money for health, education and other projects, mostly in developing countries.…..…..is about the retirement of Bill Gates as the head of world's biggest computer software company, Microsoft.News item 3The competition between Microsoft and Google took a new turn on February first. Microsoft made a public offer to buy the Internet company Yahoo. Microsoft says the combined companies would be in a better position to compete against Google in the online services market.This week, Yahoo rejected the offer. Its board of directors董事会said the price undervalued低于the company. The offer was worth almost 45 billion dollars in cash and stock, or 31 dollars per Yahoo share. Yahoo is said to want 40 dollars a share.Microsoft says it offered a full and fair price. It says moving forward quickly with the deal would be in the best interest of shareholders. Yet since February first, the value of Microsoft's offer has fallen to 29 dollars a share because of a drop in its stock.Microsoft thinks it could better compete against Google with Yahoo's expert knowledge. Microsoft could attempt a hostile takeover含有敌意的接管. But that is not the way it normally does business, and there is risk of angering Yahoo's employees. ……..is about Microsoft’s plan to purchase Yahoo to compete with Google.2\4F: reject the offer------not little help, but better competeSection Three Oral WorkMan: Are you ready to order?Woman: Er, yes, please. I'll have the roast beefMan: Uhm, Would you like a starter?Woman: No thanks, oh, why not? I'll have the garlic mushrooms please.Man: And would you like salad or vegetables with your roast beefWoman: Er, what vegetables have you got?M011: Cauliflower and carrots,Woman: Er, have you got any cabbage?Man: No, I'm afraid not,Woman: Oh, well, never mind, ]'Il have the carrots.Man: Carrots. Can I get you anything to drink?Woman: Er, just a glass of water.Man: And would you like anything for dessert?Woman: No thanks.woman: Excuse me?Man: Yes?Woman: I'm afraid this bread is stale,Man: Oh, I'm terribly sorry, I'll get you some fresh, madam.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and then answer some questions about it. You will hear the dialogue and the questions only once. Answer each question with a complete sentence after you have heard it.Questions:1. What did the woman order?(She ordered the roast beef.)2. What would the woman like to have as a starter'~(She would like to have the garlic mushrooms.)3. What vegetables does the restaurant offer?(It offers cauliflower and carrots.)4. What vegetable did the woman order?(She ordered carrots.)5. What sort of drink did she order? '(She ordered a glass of water.)6. She ordered a dessert, didn't she?(No, she did not order any dessert.)7. Did the woman like the bread served?(No, she didn't like it.)8. Why didn't she like the bread?(Because it was stale / not fresh~)PART 2 RetellingIt was Monday morning. Betty left home early that day because she was going to start work at an office. She was only sixteen and this was her first job. Unfortunately, the traffic was so dense that she was a few minutes late When she arrived at the office. When she entered the office, she saw Mr Cramp, her boss, speaking to the people in an angry voice. She was very afraid and didn't dare to say anything.Later that day, she found out what had happened, As a rule, Mr Crump came to the office at about 9:30, because he lived a long way out in the country and came up by train every day. That morning, however, he happened to catch an earlier train, and when he arrived at the office, he was greatly annoyed to see that no one was working. All the clerks were standing around, smoking, laughing and telling jokes.Exercise: Listen to the passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once.Section 4 Supplementary ExercisesPART 1 Listening ComprehensionEntertainments in LondonYou come, of course, from all over the world, attracted by the comparative cheapness of London and its relatively new reputation as a good place to have fun -- a reputation which really only datesfrom the mid 1960's, that era* of' Swinging London,"* of pop stars and fashion photographers anddress designers.There's certainly no lack of entertainment. The British Theatre is world famous, and offers everything from Shakespeare to West End comedy*. There's a large number of cinemas presenting films from all over the world. Every night of the week there are concerts. Classical or pop, take your choice. And of course night clubs will be happy to take large quantifies of cash from you in return for the illusion* of being sophisticated* and perhaps slightly wicked*. When it rains (and it will rain) there are museums and art galleries to give you shelter-- and they're free! When it's fine, take a boat trip along the River Thames, downstream to Greenwich* or upstream to Hampton Court*.You may be exhausted by London; you may be cheated in London; you may not be able to get a drink when you want one, thanks to the ridiculous licensing laws; you may get wet and catch a cold; but you're not likely to be bored.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. I.C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. DPassage 2 Health InsuranceMost full-time students at American universities must have health insurance, 12qis is because health costs in the United States are high. Colleges are not able to pay the costs if students suffer serious accidents or sickness.Many American colleges have health centers where doctors and nurses treat students' medical problems. This service may be included in the cost of attending college. Health insurance is usually needed for extra services.Students may already be protected under their parents' health insurance policies*. If not, many colleges offer their own insurance plans. For example, students at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor are treated without charge the minor medical problems at the university health center. But the university suggests that students buy its health insurance plan. It costs about 800 dollars a year. The insurance pays for hospital services, emergency room care and visits to doctors. It also pays for laboratory tests and x rays. And it pays ninety percent of the cost of drugs prescribed by a doctor. The plan does not pay for birth control, care of the teeth or eyeglasses. And it does not pay for preventive care such as injections* that prevent disease.Students at Boston College in Massachusetts are required to have their own health insurance plan or lo buy the college accident and sickness insurance. The college plan costs about 500 dollars a year. It pays for any medical care needed within a/line period.It does not pay for eye glasses, hearing aids*, or dental* treatment.Students can also buy independent insurance policies from insurance companies. The details of such policies are different, depending on where the student lives. Usually, these policies pay for doctor visits, treatment of injuries and hospital costs. Sometimes foreign students do not understand the need for health insurance, especially if they do not need such insurance in their own countries. However, people in the United States are responsible for their own medical costs. These can be extremely high in cases of serious illness or accidents. The purpose of health insurance is to make sure that these costs will be paid for.Exercise A: Listen to the report and complete the following sentences.1. Students at American universities must have health insurance, because health costs in the United States are high.2. Many American colleges have health centers where minor medical problems can be treated.3. The University of Michigan in Ann Arbor offers its health insurance plan that costs about $800 a year.4. Boston College in Massachusetts suggests the students buy the college accident and sickness insurance that costs about $500 a year.Exercise B: Listen to the report again and put a tick beside the item that the insurance pays for and put a cross beside the one that the insurance doesn't pay for.hospital services √ birth control X laboratory tests √ x-rays √drugs prescribed by a doctor √ hearing aids X eyeglasses X emergency room care √dental treatment X doctor visits √PART 2 Oral WorkFrances Whithread lived in children's homes until she was 13 because her mother was unable to look after her.When Frances was 12 she took part in a game of netball. The referee, whose name was Margaret Whitbread, noticed the young girl because she argued with so many of her decisions. A few weeks later they met again at a local sports ground. Frances asked Margaret to show her how to throw the javelin and Margaret soon discovered that although Frances was a difficult child, she was a very promising young athlete.When Frances was 13, the Whitbreads adopted her. Family life suited Frances and as she became bigger and stronger, her javelin throwing improved until she became one of Britain's top athletes.Exercise: Listen to the passage and then give your opinion on the following topics.1. What difference would it have made if Frances had not met the Whitbreads?2. Do you agree that sometimes it pays to argue?。

A L i s t e n i n g C o u r s e4施心远主编《听力教程》 4 (第2 版)答案Unit 2Section One: Tactics for ListeningPart 1: Listening and Translation1.Girls score higher than boys in almost every country.几乎在全部国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高；2. Differences betweenmales andfemales are acontinuing issueof fierce debate.男女差异始终是猛烈争辩的焦点；3. Cultural and economic influences play an important part..文化和经济影响起着重要的作用；4. But recent findings suggest that the answer may lie in differences between the male and female brain.但是最新的发觉提示，答案或许在男女大脑的差异；5. These include differences in learning rates.这些包括学习速度上的差异；Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueExercise: Listen to the dialogue and filling the blanks with the missing information.Serenading Service was founde t h d ree year s ago when the singer realizethat British people weredesperate for romanc.eHe thought there would be a clientele for a hired The idea came from his studies of Renaissance mu s,i c which is full of serenade s O. ver the centuries,university students haveturned the serenade into an art form for hire . Usually he is hired by men to sing love songs towomen. Occasionally he is asked to sing to men.The service is really a form of intimate alfres c t o heatre with love song.s He usually wears a white tie and tails and sings amorou s Italian song s.He will carry chocolate hear t o s r flowers and when there is no balcon y available he will sing from trees or fire escape.sThe fee depends on whether a musician comes along or n T o h t e.basic rate is￡45b0ut it can cost a lot more especially if he tak e a s gondola and a group of musicians along. Some people are so moved that they burst into tears, but some react badly. They try to find out as much as they can about their clients to avoid unpleasan t s ituation s. They have to be very careful these days because a serenade can c o b m e pletely misinterprete.dPart 2 PassageEx. A. Pre-listening QuestionWhat memory strategies do you know that can help you remember things better.1) Brain prioritizes by meaning, value and relevance.2) Your attitude has much to do with whether you remember something or not.3) Your understanding of new materials depends on what you already know.4) You can learn and remember better if you can group ideas into some sort of meaningful categories or groups.5) The brain's quickest and probably the longest-lasting responseis to images.6) Memory is increased when facts to be learned are consciously associated with something familiar to you.Ex. B: Sentence Dictation1.Mnemonicsare methods f or rememberinginformation that is otherwise quite difficult to recall.2. Our brains evolved to code and interpret complex stimuli such as images, colors, structures, sounds, smells, tastes, t ouch, positions, emotions and language.3. While language is one of the most important aspects of human evolution, it is only one of the many skills and resources available to our minds.4. Association is the method by which you link a thing to be remembered toa way of remembering it..5. Location gives you two things: a coherent context into which you can place information, and a way of separating one mnemonic from another.Ex. C: Detailed Listening.1. Mnemonics are tools which can help you to improve your memory.T. (Memory tools can help you to improve your memory. "Mnemonic"is another word for memory tool.)2. The fundamental principle of mnemonics is to make full use of the best functions of the brain to store information.T (The basic principle of mnemonics is to use as many of the best functions of your brain as possible to store information.)3. Information we have to remember is almost always presented in different ways.F (Unfortunately information we have to remember is almost always presented in only one way--as words printed on a page.)4. We can do four things to form striking images, which will help to makeour mnemonics more memorable.T ( Use positive, pleasant images; use vivid, colorful, sense-laden images; use all your senses to code information or dress up an image; give our image three dimensions, movement and space.)5. There is one basic principle in the use of mnemonics.F (There are three fundamental principles underlying the use of mnemonics: imagination, association and location)6. Association is what we use to create and strengthen imagination.F (Imagination is what you use to createand strengthen the associations needed to create effective mnemonics.)7. You can choose the imagery in your mnemonics as you likeT (The imagery you use in your mnemonics can be as violent, vivid, or sensual as you like, as long as it help you to remember.)8. You can create associations by linking things using the same stimuli.T. (You can create associations by linking them using the same color, smell, shape, or feeling.)Ex. D: After-listening Discussion1. What is the basic principle of mnemonics. Why can we improve our memory by following the principle.To use as many of the best functions of your brain as possible to store information.Evolved to code and interpret complex stimuli. Use these to make sophisticated models of the world.Our memories store all of these effectively.However, information is presented in only one way. Language is only one of the many skills and resources available to our minds.By coding languagesand numbers in striking images,/ can reliable code both information and structure of information. Then easily recall theselater.2. Why is a good memory important to us.Open.Section Three NewsNews Item 1Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is abou t he Somali pirate’s strike.Ex. B: Listen to the news again and answer the questions.1. Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revenge for thekilling of three Somali pirates by the US navy isn't clear.No, the pirates haven’t been deferred.2.3. Because the financial rewards for a successful hijacking remain so greatand Somalia remains so lawless.4. At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen international warshipsin the area to police an expanseof seacovering more than a million square kilometres.5. It may be because of the relatively small scale of the problem.Tape script of News Item One:The piracy problem looks like it's here to stay despite the recentmuscular interventions by the French and American navies. Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revenge for the killing of three Somali pirates by the US navy isn't clear. But it does suggest at the very least that the pirates haven't been deterred.So why does the problem persist. Put simply maritime security analysts say piracy will continue as long as the financial rewardsfor a successful hijacking remain so great and Somaliaremains theinternational effort to thwart the problem is relatively limited. At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen international warships in the area to police an expanseof seacovering more than a million squarekilometres. Although it has been suggested that raids could be mounted on the pirates' home towns, it seems unlikely there'll be any major increase in the military effort unlessthere's a spectacularhijacking involving the deaths of many crew members.The reluctance to mount a major international naval operation in the area may also be down to the relatively small scale of the problem. Last year, according to figures from the International Maritime Bureau, nearly twenty three thousandships passedthrough the Gulf of Aden. Only ninety two were hijacked.Rob Watson, BBC NewsNews Item 2Ex. A: Listen to the news and complete the summaryThis news item is abou O t bama’s military plan in Afghanistan.Ex. B: True or false.1. The President is considering leaving Afghanistan.F. (The Presidentis making it clear that leaving Afghanistan is not anoption.)2. Obama wouldn’t shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan, neither would he deploy more military troops.T.3. President Obama thought his assessmentwould be "rigorous and deliberate".T.4. Opinions against Obama are not heard.F. ( some Republicans and members of the President's own party are dubious about committing more resourcesand military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight.)5. The conflict in Afghanistan seems to be over soon.F. ( about committing more resourcesand military personnelto a conflict where there is no end in sight.)6. Afghanistan can be the second Vietnam.T. (The word 'Vietnam' is heard more and more on Capitol Hill.)Script of News Item Two:The President is making it clear that leaving Afghanistan is not an option. It's not on the table. According to one White House source, he told the meeting that he wouldn't shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan or opt for a strategy of merely targeting al-Qaeda leaders. But he wouldn't be drawn on the military request for more troops.There appearsto be a frustration that the review of strategy has sometimes been portrayed in black-and-white terms of a massive increase or reduction of troop numbers.President Obama told the group made up of the most senior Republican and Democrat senatorsand congressmenthat his assessment would be "rigorous and deliberate".But it's going on too long for some Republicans and members of the President's own party are dubious about committing more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight. The word 'Vietnam' is heard more and more on Capitol Hill.The President was certainly right when he said his final decision wouldn't make everyone in the room, or the country, happy.Mark Mardell, BBC News, WashingtonNews Item 3Ex. A: Listen and summarize the news itemThis news item is abou f t ragile peace that returns to Gaza .Ex. B: Listen again and fill in the blanks.There were traffic jams on the road north, families headingto GazaCity to reunite with friends and relative.sLong lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are gone, only thedeep tracksremain.There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holesthat have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also been snipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some of the Qassam fightersreturning home, their rifles slung lazily around their shoulders.For three weeks the Israelis pounded th e tunnels that run beneath the perimeter wall but last night we met people who insist that some of these tunnels are stillopen and still somefuel is being pumped from the Egyptian sider. If the border crossings remain close, say the Palestinians, these tunnels are theironly link to the outside world.Script of News Item 3There were traffic jams on the road north, families heading to GazaCity to reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are gone,only the deep tracks remain.There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also been snipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some of the Qassam fighters returning home, their rifles slung lazily around their shoulders.The destruction we've seenhas largely been inflicted on the Hamas infrastructure: police stations, military outposts, government buildings, sofar the most extensive damage - that at the border in Rafah where nothing was spared.For three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that run beneath the perimeter wall but last night we met people who insist that some of these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumped from the Egyptian side; impossible for us to verify independently, but they say they are determined to reopen them and to dig them deeper. If the border crossings remain close, saythe Palestinians,thesetunnels are their only link to the outside world.Christian Fraser, BBC News, GazaSection FourPart 1 Feature reportExercise A:This news report is aboutthe recreation of the prehistoric world in Liaoning,China, based on the scientific findings on fossils discoveredExercise B:1. 35 prehistoric animals were created.2. They recreated the extinct beasts through the marriage of science, art andtechnology.3. The exhibit is not behind the glass or otherwise enclosed, so visitors areeye to eye with extinct beasts. It is displayed in this way so that visitors will feel as if they’ve stepped into a Chinese forest 130 million years in the past.He saysit ’s a ccurate becauseevery single plant,every insect, every4.organic feature in it actually represents something that has been found asa fossil in northeastern China.5. The only thing scientistshad to make up is what color some of theanimals were.6. According to Michael Novacek, birds are living dinosaurs.7. They study the movements of commonplace turkeys, chickens andostriches to learn how similarly-built dinosaurs would stand or walk.8. By using high-tech imagery, fossils, and the knowledge gained from thebiology of barnyard animals, scientists now estimate the giant T-Rexcould reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour, far slower that the more than 70 kilometers per hour previously thought.Script：Dinosaur Discoveries Made Possible through Art, Technology,Modern LivestockThe rolling hills of a province in northeastern China are now terraced for farming, but beneath that farmland are clues to a prehistoric world unlikeany seenby human eyes - until this week. Some 130 million years after dinosaurs roamed the Liaoning forest, the world has been painstakingly recreated in New York City's American Museum of Natural History.The sound of the prehistoric forest is one of the few things that has been imagined in this 65 square-meterdiorama. The gingko leaves,piney treesand life-sized models of 35 prehistoric animals were created through the marriage of science, art and technology, as every detail, down to the sleeping pose of a dinosaur, is based on scientific findings.The exhibit is not behind glass or otherwise enclosed, so visitors areeye-to-eyewith extinct beasts,feeling as if they've steppedinto a Chinese forest 130 million years in the past.Mark Norell is a paleontologist who has worked in Liaoning, searching for clues to recreate this prehistoric world."It's accurate because every single plant, every insect, every organic feature in it actually represents something that has been found as a fossil innortheastern China," he explained, "so the only thing that we had to sort of make up a little bit is what color some the animals were. Even though we know some of theme were patterned, but we know definitely that they were patterned, because we can see that is the soft tissue remains, but we don't know what color they were but we try to be a little conservativein that regard, but nevertheless all the feathers you see, all the weird tail structures you see, is all stuff we found as fossils."Underneath the gingko trees, a feathered bird-like dinosaur chases on two legs after a large winged insect, the dinosaur's beak-like mouth open to reveal rows of jagged teeth. A sleeping dinosaur tucks its head beneath its arm, much as a modern goose tucks its head beneath its wing.The museum's curator of paleontology, Michael Novacek, explains that it is necessaryto understand birds in order to better understand extinct creatures."The reason birds are so important to us is really a fact we weren't so aware of 10, 20 years ago is that birds are living dinosaurs. They're not just related to dinosaurs. They are dinosaurs," he stressed. "They're a branch of dinosaurs,so convenientlyenough dinosaursdidn't go completely extinct. One group, the birds, survived."Scientists study the movements of commonplace turkeys, chickens and ostriches to learn how similarly built dinosaurs would stand or walk. Researchers even created a computer model of a giant chicken to learn more about the movements of the ever popular Tyrannosaurus Rex.By using high tech imagery,fossils, and the knowledge gainedfrom the biology of barnyard animals, scientists now estimate the giant T-Rex could reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour, far slower than the more than 70 kilometers per hour previously thought.Thesescientific findings are passed alongto model designers,such as t he creator of a six-foot-long mechanical T-Rex, a highlight of the new exhibit. The menacing skeleton's tail sways and its head bobs as the extinct dinosaur shifts its weight, plodding in place - yet another example of the never-before-seenbecoming altogether real when scienceand technology meet art.Part 2 PassageExercise Bthis study was to determine what type of “gaze ”is1. The goal ofrequired to have this effect.2. The Queen’ sstudy showed that the total amount of gaze receivedduring a group conversation is more important than when the eyecontact occurs.3. The eye contact experiment used computer-generatedimages formactors who conveyed different levels of attention.4. The researchers concluded that people in group discussions will speak upmore if they receive a greater amount of eye contact from other group members.5. The effect of eye gaze has literally fascinated people throughout the ages.6. Exercise C1. A2. D3. A4. D5. A6. C7. B8. BExercise D1. The eye contact experiment used computer-generatedimages fromactors who conveyed different levels of attention (gazing at the subject, gazing at the other actor, looking away, and looking down). These images were presentedto the subjects, who believed they were in an actualthree-way video conferencing situation, attempting to solve language puzzles. Two conditions were studied: synchronized (where eye contact is made while the subject is speaking) and random contact, received at any time in the conversation. The researchers concluded that people in group discussions will speak up more if they receive a greater amount of eye contact from other group membersand the total amount of gaze received during a group conversation is more important than when the eye contact occurs.2. Open.Script:Eye Contact Shown To Affect Conversation Patterns, GroupProblem-Solving AbilityNoting that the eyes have long been described as mirrors of the soul, a Queen's computer scientist is studying the effect of eye gaze on conversationand the implications for new-agetechnologies,ranging from video conferencing to speech recognition systems.Dr. Roel Vertegaal,who is presenting a paper on eye gaze at an international conference in New Orleans this week, has found evidence to suggest a strong link between the amount of eye contact people receive and their degree of participation in group communications. Eye contact is known to increase the number of turns a person will take when part of a group conversation. The goal of this study was to determine what type of "gaze" (looking at a person's eyes and face) is required to have this effect.Two conditions were studied: synchronized (where eye contact is made while the subject is speaking) and random contact, received at any timienthe conversation. The Queen's study showed that the total amount of gaze received during a group conversation is more important than when the eye contact occurs.The findings have important implications for the design of future communication devices, including more user-friendly and sensitivevideoconferencing systems–a technology increasinglychosen in businessforreasons –economic and time-saving and Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) which support communication between people and machines. Dr. Vertegaal'sgroup is also implementing these findings to facilitate user interactions with large groups of computers such as personal digital assistants and cellular phones.The eye contact experiment used computer-generatedimages f rom actors who conveyed different levels of attention (gazing at the subject, gazing at the other actor, looking away, and looking down). These images were presented to the subjects, who believed they were in an actual three-way video conferencing situation, attempting to solve language puzzles. The researchersconcluded that people in group discussionswill speakup more if they receive a greater amount of eye contact from other group members. There was no relationship between the impact of the eye contact and when it occurred."The effect of eye gaze has literally fascinated people throughout the ages," says Dr. Vertegaal, whose paper, Explaining Effects of Eye Gaze on Mediated Group Conversations: Amount or Synchronization. was presentedthis week at the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work."Sumerian clay tablets dating back to 3000 BC already tell the story of Ereshkigal, goddess of the underworld, who had the power to kill Inanna,goddess of love, with a deadly eye," says Dr. Vertegaal. "Now that we are attempting to build more sophisticated conversational interfaces that mirror the communicative capabilities of their users, it has become clear we need to learn more about communicative functions of gaze behaviors."。

施心远_《听力教程》3_第2版_Unit3答案Unit 3Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Spot DictationWildlifeEvery ten minutes, one kind of animal, plant or insect (1) dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become (2) extinct twenty years from now.The seas are in danger. They are being filled with (3) poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and (4) pesticides, sewage. If nothing is done about it, one day soon nothing will be able to (5) live in the seas.The tropical rain (6) forests which are the home of half the earth's living things are (7) being destroyed. If nothing is done about it, they will have (8) nearly disappeared in twenty years. The effect on the world's (9) climate - and on our agriculture and food(10) supplies - will be disastrous.(11) Fortunately, somebody is trying to do something about it. In 1961, the (12) World Wildlife Fund was founded - a small group of people who wanted to (13) raise money to save animals and plants (14) from extinction. Today, the World Wildlife Fund is alarge (15) internationa l organization. It has raised over (16)￡35 million for (17) conservation projects, and has created or given support to the National Parks in (18) five continents. It has helped 30 (19) mammals and birds - including the tiger -to (20) survive.Part 2 Listening for GistMrs. Bates: Hullo. Is that Reception? .Reception: Yes, madamMrs. Bates: This is Mrs. Bates. Room 504. I sent some clothes to the laundry this morning, two of my husband's shirts and three of my blouses. But they're not back yet. You see,we're leaving early tomorrow morning. Reception: Just a moment, madam. I'll put you through to the housekeeper.Housekeeper: Hullo. Housekeeper.Mrs. Bates: Oh, hullo. This is ... I'm phoning from Room 504. It's about some clothes I sent to the laundry this morning.They're not back yet and you see ... Housekeeper: They are, madam. You'll find them in your wardrobe.They're in the top drawer on the left.Mrs. Bates: Oh, I didn't look in the wardrobe. Thank you very much. Sorry to trouble you.Housekeeper: That's quite all right. Goodbye.Mrs. Bates: Goodbye.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1)This dialogue is about making an inquiry about the laundry.2)The key words are reception. laundry. shirts. blouses. wardrobe.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueA UN InterpreterInterviewer: ... so perhaps you could tell us how exactly you became so proficient at language learning, Suzanne. Suzanne: Well, I think it all started with a really fortunate accident of birth.You know I was born in Lausanne*,Switzerland; my father was Swiss-French Swiss and mymother was American, so, of course, we spoke bothlanguages at home and I grew up bilingual. Then, ofcourse, I learnt German at school - in Switzerland that'snormal. And because I was already fluent in English, mysecond language at school was Italian. So I had a realhead start (有利的开端)!Interviewer: So that's ... one, two, three, four - you had learnt fourlanguages by the time you left school? How fluent wereyou?Suzanne: Urn, I was native speaker standard in French and English, but I'd become a bit rusty* in German and my Italian was only school standard. I decided the best option was tostudy in the UK, and I did Hispanic Studies at university,studying Spanish and Portuguese, with some Italian, andliving in Manchester. Then I went to live in Brazil for twoyears, teaching English.Interviewer: So by this time you must have been fluent in six languages?Suzanne: Nearly. My Italian wasn't perfect, but I had a boyfriend from Uruguay* while I was there, so my Spanish also became pretty good!Interviewer: And then what did you do?Suzanne: When I was 25 I came back to Switzerland, went to an interpreters' school and then got a job in the United Nations when I was 28.Interviewer: And you've been there ever since?Suzanne: Not quite. In the first few months I met Jan, a Czechinterpreter, who became my husband. We went to live in Prague in 1987 and that was where I learnt Czech.Interviewer: And the eighth language?Suzanne: Well, unfortunately the marriage didn't last; I was very upset and I decided to take a long break. I went to Japan on holiday, got a job and stayed for two years, which waswhen I learnt Japanese.Interviewer: That's amazing! And now you're back at the United Nations?Suzanne: Yes. Well, I never really left. I carried on doing work for them when I was in Prague - some in Prague, some in Austria and Switzerland, and I took a "sabbatical*" towork in Japan. They need people who can understandJapanese. But, yes, I've been back with them full-time fortwo years now.Interviewer: And your plans for the future?Suzanne: I'm going to learn more Oriental languages. It was sucha challenge learning Japanese - it's so different from allthe others. So I'll spend another two or three years herewith the UN full-time, during which time I hope to get asubstantial promotion, then I think I'll go back and learnKorean, or perhaps Chinese, and Thai - I'd love to learnThai. And then, perhaps an Indian language. Whatever, Iwant to be fluent in another three or four languagesbefore 45.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9. T 10. FPart 2 PassageThe Clyde RiverRunning through one of Britain's biggest manufacturing centers, Glasgow, the Clyde River* was poisoned for more than a century by the fetid* byproducts of industry.The waterway bore the brunt of(首当其冲)Glasgow's economic success during the Industrial Revolution and beyond, as pollution and chemicals destroyed its fish and wildlife populations and brewed smells whose memory still makes residents wince*. Now, with heavy industry gone and Glasgow reconceived as a center for culture and tourism, the Clyde is coming back to life.For the first time since the late 1800s, its native salmon have returned in sizable numbers, reflecting the new cleanliness of a river that was once one of Britain's filthiest.The Clyde River Foundation surveyed fish populations last autumn at 69 sites in the Clyde and its tributaries, and found salmon in seven of the nine major tributaries.The migratory fish, which vanished from the Clyde around 1880 after a long decline, first reappeared in the 1980s, but last year's survey was the first to show they've come back in healthy numbers.Although commercial salmon fishing was never widespread on the Clyde, the fish's return is symbolically important for Glasgow, where salmon were once so important to the city's identity that two are pictured on its official coat of arms.The salmon's comeback is also a sign of big improvements to water quality. Like sea trout, which have also reappeared in the Clyde system in recent years, salmon are very sensitive to environmental conditions and require cool, well-oxygenated*water to thrive.The decline of Glasgow's main industries helped boost the fortunes of a river that was essentially fishless for decades during the worst periods of pollution.The closure of factories that had poured toxins* and other pollutants into the river boosted water quality significantly. Environmental regulators also lightened dumping rules, and modern sewage processing plants helped eliminate some of the foul* smells that once tainted* the air.With worries rising about the environmental impact of enormous fish farms elsewhere in Scotland and severely depleted fish stocks in the North Sea and North Atlantic, the Clyde comeback is a rare bit of good news for Scotland's fish lovers.Since the area that is now Glasgow was first settled around the year 550, the Clyde has been central to its history.The river's depth and navigability helped make Glasgow an important center for importing tobacco, sugar and cotton from the Americas starting in the 1600s. Later, during the Industrial Revolution that began in the late 1700s, Glasgow became a center of British shipbuilding and one of the country's great manufacturing centers.The mills and factories that lined the Clyde made steel, textiles and chemicals, tanned leather and even produced candy and brewed alcohol.When the factories began to close in the second half of the 20th century, working-class Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, gained a reputation for social deprivation and rough streets. More recently, its art museums and nightlife have helped drive an economic comeback that has turned the city into a popular touristdestination.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionRivers are important to humans because they supply fresh drinking water, serve as home for important fishes, and provide transportation routes.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1)Salmon are very sensitive to environmental conditions and require cool, well-oxygenated water to thrive.2)The closure of factories that had poured toxins and other pollutants into the river boosted water quality significantly and modern sewage processing plant s（污水处理厂）helped eliminate some of the foul smells.3)The river's depth and navigability helped make Glasgow an important center for importing tobacco, sugar and cotton from the Americas starting in the 1600s.4)The mills and factories that lined the Clyde made steel, textiles and chemicals, tanned leather and even produced candy and brewed alcohol.5)When the factories began to close in the second half of the 20th century, working-class Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, gained a reputation for social deprivation（社会剥夺）and rough streets.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.l.A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. AExercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss thefollowing questions.1)The Clyde's depth and navigability helped make Glasgow an important center for importing tobacco, sugar and cotton from the Americas starting in the 1600s. And the city became a center of British shipbuilding and one of the country's great manufacturing centers during the Industrial Revolution. More recently, its art museums and nightlife have helped drive an economic comeback that has turned the city into a popular tourist destination.2)(Open)Section Three :NewsNews Item 1Governments Ban Nine Of The World's Most HazardousChemicalsUN Environment Program Executive Director Achim Steiner calls the agreement historic. He says the nine chemicals that have joined the list of Persistent Organic Pollutants, or POPS, are extremely harmful to the environment and to health.The newly targeted chemicals include products that are widely used in pesticides and flame-retardants, and in a number of other commercial uses, such as a treatment for head lice.These nine toxic chemicals will join the Stockholm Convention's original list of 12 Persistent Organic Pollutants, referred to as the "dirty dozen."The pollutants are especially dangerous because they cross boundaries and travel long distances, from the Equator to the Arctic. They persist in the atmosphere and take many years, often decades, to degrade into less dangerous forms.They pose great risks to the environment and human health, especially to young people, farmers, pregnant women and theunborn.A esicrexEDirections: Listen to the news item and complete the su mmary. This news item is about a ban of nine of the world’s most hazardous chemicals.A esicrexEx Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.UN environment Program Executive welcomed the agreement to ban the production of nine of the world’s most hazardous chemicals that are extremely harmful to the environment and to health. These substances will join a list of 12 other so-called persistent organic pollutants, or POPS, that are prohibited under an international treaty known as the Stockholm Convention.The newly targeted chemicals include products that are widely used in pesticides and flame-retardants, and in a number of other commercial uses, such as a treatment for head lice.The pollutants are especially dangerous because they cross boundaries and travel long distances, from the Equator to the Arctic. They persist in the atmosphere and take many years, often decades, to degrade into less dangerous forms.They pose great risks to the environment and human health, especially to young people,farmers, pregnant women and the unborn.News Item2World Climate Conference to Focus on Adaptation to Climate ChangeScientists predict the world will get hotter over the coming decades. A major conference in Copenhagen at the end of theyear will focus on ways to mitigate the worst affects of global warming.WMO Secretary-General Michel Jarraud (世界气象组织秘书长贾侯)says countries must have the tools to adapt to a changing climate. They must be able to respond to a world that is likely to experience more extreme weather events, such as floods and hurricanes.Jarraud notes farmers in certain parts of the world will have to adapt to a dryer climate. He says they might have to modify irrigation systems or consider growing crops that do not require much rain.He says global warming is likely to increase the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Therefore, better and more timely information on these phenomena are essential to make decisions on climate variability and change. To do this, he says, weather observation networks must be strengthened.The WMO chief says climate change is a global problem. And, everyone needs everyone else to solve this problem. He says even the biggest, richest countries cannot do it alone. He says the developed world needs reliable weather information from developing countries and vice-versa.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about an appeal for global cooperation to deal with climate change.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1)Scientists predict the world will get hotter over the coming decades.2)A major conference in Copenhagen at the end of the year will focus on ways to mitigate the worst affects of global warming.3)Countries must have the tools to adapt to a changing climate.4)Jarraud notes farmers in certain parts of the world will have to adapt to a dryer climate. He says they might have to modify irrigation systems or consider growing crops that do not require much rain.5)Global warming is likely to increase the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events.6)Weather observation networks must be strengthened.7)Even the biggest, richest countries cannot do it alone. He says the developed world needs reliable weather information from developing countries and vice-versa.News Item3Scientists have warned that the Great Barrier Reef - which stretches for more than 2,500 kilometers down Australia's northeast coast - is likely to bear the brunt of warmer ocean temperatures.A major concern has been the bleaching of coral, where the sensitive marine organisms wither under environmental stress caused by increased water temperature, pollution or sedimentation. An unexpected discovery at the southern end of the reef has provided some rare good news for researchers.Researchers found that coral in the Keppel Islands offQueensland, which was damaged by bleaching in 2006 and then smothered by seaweed that overgrew the reef, has managed to repair itself.Experts say to see reefs bounce back from mass coral bleaching in less than a decade is highly unusual.Like other coral systems, the Great Barrier Reef is facing a range of environmental threats. Scientists say their capacity to recovery from damage inflicted by warmer waters, for example, will be critical to its future health.The Great Barrier Reef is one of Australia's premier tourist attractions. It covers an area bigger than Britain and is the largest living structure on earth and the only one visible from space.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the Great Barrier Reef.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l. T 2. F 3. T 4.F 5. T 6. TSection Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1Feature ReportSydney Ready for Big Switch Off as Earth Hour Goes Global Scotland's Edinburgh Castle, the Bird's Nest stadium in Beijing and the pyramids in Egypt will join the Sydney Opera House in dimming their lights as part of Earth Hour.The global event has been endorsed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Ban Ki-moon has said it was the biggest climate change demonstration ever attempted. Mr. Ban urged people everywhere to pressure their governments to take decisive action to cut carbon pollution.Organizers are hoping that up to a billion people from small villages in Namibia to sprawling cities in Asia will participate in an international effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions, which many scientists blame for a warming climate.One of the architects of Earth Hour, Andy Ridley from theconservation group World Wildlife Fund (WWF), says the current financial meltdown should not be used as an excuse to delay environmental reforms."The global economic crisis has proved that we are a global community, so when America goes bad, we all go bad and climate change is going to be on a scale that is way, way beyond ourglobal economic crisis at the moment and we need to put in place the measures to a) slow that down and ideally halt it, b) be ready for economies that will have to change. So, the longer we procrastinate the more we pay the penalty so we need to move quickly," he said.Earth Hour was started by environmentalists in Sydney in 2007. It encourages households, businesses and governments to switch off all non-essential lights for 60 minutes in a show of unified concern for the health and future of the planet.In two years, the event has become a large global movement and its aim is to create an enormous wave of public pressure that will influence delegates at a meeting in Copenhagen later this year, which hopes to establish a new U.N. climate treaty.However, critics of Earth Hour have insisted it is simply a symbolic gesture that will not affect significant environmental change.The event will officially begin on the international dateline in the remote Chatham Islands southeast of New Zealand and will conclude in Hawaii.Exercise A: Directions: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about a global event known as Earth Hour.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.Scotland's Edinburgh Castle, the Bird's Nest stadium in Beijing and the pyramids in Egypt will join the Sydney Opera House ind imming their lights as part of Earth Hour.2.Ban Ki-moon has said it was the biggest climate change demonstration ever attempted./doc/dd1245122.html,anizers are hoping that up to a billion people will participate in an international effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions, which many scientists blame for a warming climate.4.Andy Ridley, One of the architects of Earth Hour, says the current financial meltdown should not be used as an excuse to delay environmental reforms.5.In two years, the event has become a large global movement and its aim is to create an enormous wave of public pressure that will influence delegates at a meeting in Copenhagen later this year.Part 2 PassageLab produces shape-shifting fruits and vegetables Many fruits and vegetables we know almost as much by their。

UNIT 5Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationWindIn the past we watched the wind closely. (1) Hunters knew that game moved (2) with the winds, that keeping the wind in (3) one's face was essential to a successful (4) stalk. Farmers knew that changing winds brought (5) rain or drought.Polynesian* sailors could find islands beyond the (6) horizon by lying on their backs in their (7) canoes and feeling the swells* caused by winds (8) rushing onto islands many miles away. Eskimos could (9) navigate in Arctic whiteouts*, when fog or snow (10) obscured all landmarks, by following remembered currents of air over the snow and ice.Today few people can tell where the wind comes from. We live inside walls, (11) surrounded by chrome and glass, and the winds outside are often (12) gusts of our own making - the wake of (13) rushing automobiles, the tunneling of air down narrow city streets. We get our weather (14) from the news, not from the wind behind us. We hear the wind as house sounds: the (15) rattle of windows, the scratching of branches at a window (16) screen, the moan of a draft under the (17) hall door. These are pop music, not the (18) classical style of the wind, which is the collision of leaf and blade, the (19) groan of branches under stress, the (20) stirring of ocean waves.Part 2 Listening for GistEleven years ago, a US Congressman from the state of Michigan introduced legislation asking Congress to study slavery reparations(赔偿款). Since then, the cities of Washington, Detroit, Cleveland, Dallas and now Chicago have called on（请求）Congress to consider such payments. Chicago aldermen（市议会长老议员）voted 46-1 in support of the resolution. Alderman Freddrenna Lyle is the descendant of a slave. She says blacks in the United States are still at a disadvantage（处于不利地位）because of slavery."Today, when I am walk across the street and go down the street and go to (the department store) Sak's and people follow me through the store. It is because slavery has taught people to treat us differently based on skin color. So it lives and breathes with us. It is with us every single day."Alderman Ed Smith says there is not enough money in the universe to compensate blacks for what they have suffered because of slavery, but he says it is time for the country to try.Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1. This passage is about slavery reparations.2. The key words are slavery reparation, payments, vote, resolution, descendant, disadvantage, skin color, compensate, blacks, suffer.Section two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueCheapo TicketTerri: Did you see that television series with Michael Palin?Simon: The one where he went around the world(环游世界)in eighty days?Terri: Yeah.Simon: Yeah, it was really good. You know, that's something I've always wanted to do.Terri: Me too. Mind you, you have to put up with a lot of hassles（麻烦事）*. I mean. I went to Hong Kong last year and it was one long disaster! Simon: Really?Terri: Yeah, I was stuck in Moscow for three days!Simon: How on earth did that happen?Terri: Well, it was like one of those bucket shop（低价位的旅行社）* tickets, you know, from the back of a magazine. I went down to this little place incentral London, in Soho and paid cash.Simon:But they're usually OK, aren't they?Terri: That's what I thought at the time. Now I know better! I mean the plane was delayed two hours leaving Heathrow and we were doing a stopover atMoscow. It was Aeroflot*. So we arrived late at Moscow, in themiddle ofthe night, and we all went into the transit lounge（转机候机室）and afterabout two hours this official came in and told us we'd missed the connection（误了联运的车、船、飞机）to Hong Kong。

施心远主编《听力教程》第版Unit答案（1）A L i s t e n i n g C o u r s e4施心远主编《听力教程》4 (第2版)答案Unit 6Section One: Tactics for ListeningPart 1: Listening and Translation1. Blogs are being used more and more by teachers.老师对博客的使用越来越多。

2. Many Internet services now offer free and easy ways to create personal Web pages.现在很多因特网服务商都提供免费、便捷的制作个人网页的方式。

3. Educators did not become involved with blogging right away.教育工作者并不是从一开始就涉足博客的。

4. Many were concerned with privacy issues and security.很多人担心隐私和安全问题。

5. But now, thousands of teacher blogs can be found on the Internet.但是现在在因特网上可以找到成千上万个教师博客网页。

Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueEx. : Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. T. I put a big value on being current with my friends.2. F. She and her friends take turns to call each other.3. F. Her phone bills are high, but she considers it's just like one of her living expenses.4. T. She says, "there's something about throwing away a letter that I just can't do it."5. T. They met when they worked at the same place. Then he went to Taiwan for two years and they wrote letters. They didn'tknow each other very well, but they got to know each other through letters over the first two years and then they are good friends ever since.6. F. They met when they worked at the same place.7. F. When she first saw him after writing him for two years, she was a little nervous that they wouldn't be able to function without a pen and paper between them.8. T. She has a friend who got on-line and email is her thing. Since she got her email address recently, she is able to hear from her twice a week.9. F. She thinks that friends should provide comfort and support and adventure and jokes.10. T. She says, "I feel like one thingI want my friends to do is call me on things, you know, to let me know if I do something that upsets them from whatever reason.I think that's one thing friends, you know, do for each other.11. F. Sometimes friendship can get prickly and hard. You can fight, but in her view, fighting was never bad.12. T You share jokes that you've created together that you've understood and all you have to do is say one word, and the other person can go off into peals of laughter.Part 2 PassageEx. B: Sentence Dictation1. Negotiating isn't always done with a hammer in hand. But you should become a better negotiator if you want to succeed in business.2. In the art of negotiating, facts and figures play a role, but what may tip the balance is the emotional factor.3. Good negotiations--in business as well as in personal orfamily situations--hinge on respect for others, and respect for your own feelings.4. If someone is getting angry at you, there can be all sorts of reasons for that.5. Both sides have an ongoing relationship that can be damaged bya lopsided agreement.Ex. C: Detailed Listening.1. Directions: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions1) What makes the difference between success and failure ina negotiation?How you deal with emotions, your own and those on the other side, makes the difference between success and failure in a negotiation.2) What does the notion of a lack of power and self-respect lead to in negotiation?The negotiator with this notion is often immediately put at an disadvantage.3) What do positive emotions and negative emotions bring about ina negotiation?Positive emotions elicit good feelings and often lead to good solutions; negative ones cloud the brain and reduce our capacity to think, learn and remember.Exercise 21) Appreciation: Understanding the other side’s point of view, finding merit in their ideas and communicating your understanding.2) Affiliation: Try to build genuine connections with the otherside as human beings, not merely as adversaries.3) Autonomy: The recognition that both you and the other side are free to affect or make decisions.4) Status: Competition over status is a dead end. Appreciating the status of both sides leads to the mutual respect necessary for a successful negotiation.5) Role: Don’t needlessly limit yourself. The activities in your work and negotiations can often be expanded to be more fulfilling and meaningful.Ex. D: After-listening Discussion1. What is one of the best soothing methods? Why?One of the best soothing methods is to ask yourself, "How important is this issue to me?" Some negotiators, just like some married couples, are at risk of making every issue a big issue. We can get worked up about issues that are of little importance. As Aristotle pointed out, "One can become angry; that is easy. But to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose--that is not easy."2. How do you deal with emotions in negotiations?Open.Section Three NewsNews Item 1Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is about the world’s first commercially cloned dog. Ex. B: Listen to the news again and decide T or F.1.F Several years ago Edgar and Nina Otto froze the DNA of theirdog, Lancelot.2.T The couple were sad and they decided to get a clone producedby a South Korean laboratory.3.F Lancelot Encore, the new puppy, is the world's firstcommercially cloned dog.4.F The new owners here in Florida say they're happy with theirnew dog and don't plan to clone any others.5.TTape script of News Item One:Several years ago Edgar and Nina Otto froze the DNA of their dog, Lancelot. When he died last year, the couple were devastated and they decided to get a clone produced by a South Korean laboratory.几年前, Edgar和Nina Otto将他们的爱犬Lancelot的DNA进行了冷藏。

听力教程4答案施心远（1—13）Unit 1Section 1Listening and Translation1. A college education can be very costly in the United States.2.Rising costs have led more and more families to borrow money to help pay forcollege.3.There are different federal loans and private loans for students.4.Interest rates on some of these loans will go up on July 1st.5.There are growing concerns that many students graduate with too much debt.1.在美国，大学教育的费用会很贵。

2.费用的上涨使越来越多的美国家庭通过借钱来支付上大学的费用。

3.有各种各样的联邦贷款和私人贷款可供学生挑选。

4.在这些贷款品种中，有些品种的利率将从7月1日起上调。

5.人们越来越担心，很多学生将背负沉重的债务从大学毕业。

Section 2Part 1 Dialogue 1-8 A C D C B C B APart 2 passage Ex C: 1-8 F F T T F T T FSection 3News Item 1China's wasted no time insetting put the latest plans for its ambitious space program. A senior official said the next manned mission will be in 2007, when the astronauts will attempt a space walk. After that, scientists will focus on developing the capability to rendezvous* and dock* with other spacecraft. He added that China also wanted to recruit female astronauts in the near future.The announcement comes just hours after the country's second manned space mission touched down in the remote grasslands of Inner Mongolia. The returning astronauts have been given a hero's welcome, riding in an open car in a nationally televised parade. Thousands of soldiers and groups of schoolchildren lined the route, waving Chinese flags. It's a sign of the great importance China attaches to its space program, viewing it as a source of national pride and international prestige.A: …about China’s ambitious space program.B:1. Landing spot: in the remote grasslands of Inner Mongolia2. Significance: a source of national pride and international prestige (威望)Future plan1. 1) Time: 20072) Goal: The astronauts will attempt a space walk.2. Focus of further development: the capability to rendezvous and dock with otherspacecraft3. Recruitment of astronauts: to recruit female astronauts in the near future. News Item 2China's economy has recovered earlier and more strongly than any other. This latest data is further evidence of that trend. The rise in industrial output confirms what factory owners have been saying for some time now, that customers have been restocking* their inventories and confidence is returning.There are still question marks though over the stability of the recovery. The property* sector* is showing signs of overheating. The government this week announced measures to try to cool it. At the same time officials decided to extend tax subsidies* for purchases of small vehicles and appliances suggesting that some here still believe Chinese manufacturers need government support.Growth was strongest in heavy industries such as coal, steel, power generation and automobiles. Consumer prices rose in November for the first time since February. But the rise was small and probably reflected higher food prices caused by early snowstorms which destroyed crops and disrupted transport.A: … about the growth of China’s economy.News Item 3If you visit almost any marketplace in Africa, many of the consumer goods on sale, from buckets to razor blades to hurricane lamps, are likely to be Chinese. In a very large number of African capitals, the main football stadium is likely to have been built with Chinese aid money.Sino-African trade, and aid, is large and growing. Some estimates put it as high as 12 billion dollars a year. Although direct comparisons are difficult, the links between the world's largest developing country, China, and the world's largest developing continent could grow to challenge the post-colonial links between Europe and Africa. The meeting in Addis Ababa* had heard Chinese promises to cancel debts, grant duty-free access into China for African products and increase Chinese investments in Africa.A: … about China’s large and growing trade with and aid to Africa.B：1.In many African capitals, the main football stadium is likely to have been builtwith Chinese aid money.2.It is estimated that Sino-African trade, and aid, amounts to as high as 12billion dollars a year.3.The links between China and Africa could grow to challenge the post-coloniallinks between Europe and Africa.4.On the meeting in Addis Ababa, China promised to cancel debts, grant duty-freeaccess into China for African products and increase Chinese investments in Africa.Unit 2Section 1Listening and Translation1.Some people fear they do not get enough vitamins from the foods they eat.2.So they take products with large amounts of vitamins.3.They think these vitamin supplements will improve their health and protectagainst disease.4.Medical experts found little evidence that most supplements do anything toprotect or improve health.5.but they noted that some do help to prevent disease.1.有些人担心他们并未从所吃的食物中获取足够的维生素。

施心远主编?听力教程?3-(第2版)Unit-8答案LtDUNIT 8Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationCorporate Social Responsibility〔企业的社会责任〕Once upon a time, all- or almost all- businesses were (1) greedy and rapacious, sparing a thought for their (2)workers or the environment only in order to (3)work out how to exploit them. Then bosses found their (4) consciences, guided (or sometimes forced) by (5) customers or critics from the (6) non-profit world. They discovered the idea that companies should not exist only to make a profit but to (7) serve society. Thus corporate social responsibility (CSR) got its (8) start as a business fashion, and it is now hard to find a firm that has not (9) come up with an earnest (10) statement about its relations with the wider world.CSR is closely linked with the principles of (11) Sustainable Development in proposing that enterprises should (12) be obliged to make decisions based not only on the financial factors but also on the social and environmental (13) consequences of their activities. Issues like environmental damage, improper treatment of workers and (14) faulty production leading to customers inconvenience or danger, (15) are highlighted in the media.Some investors and investment fund managers have begun to 〔16〕take account of a corporation’s policy in making 〔17〕investment decisions. Some consumers have become increasingly sensitive to the CSR performance of thecompanies〔18〕from which they buy their goods and services. These trends 〔19〕have contributed to the pressure on companies to〔20〕operate in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable way.Part 2 Listening for GistSmall retailers across the United States are facing the same challenge: competition from shopping malls〔大型购物中心〕and chain stores〔连锁店〕. But, in downtown Dickson, Tennessee, a group of retail merchants〔零售商〕have band ed together〔紧密团结起来〕to win back〔赢回〕their customers who have been attracted to shopping areas 〔商业圈〕in the neighboring big city.Dickson is a typical small American city. It has quiet residential areas〔居民区〕and a nice little downtown that was once a thriving retail center. But according to David Hamilton, president of Dickson's Chamber of Commerce 〔商会〕, highway construction over the past several years changed that. Being just 65 kilometers away from a big city like Nashville, Mr Hamilton says, presents another challenge to Dickson's downtown shopping area. "Because we're so close to Nashville, and because so many people work in Nashville, when they think about shopping, they think of going to Nashville malls."But small business owners in downtown Dickson didn't give up. Instead, they decided to fight back. More than 40 of them founded the Retail Merchants Association of Downtown Dickson. Members of the new association are committed to success; they pay monthly dues〔月缴会费〕and meet periodically to suggest and discuss creative ways of attracting more shoppers todowntown. Mr. Williams says one idea is creating events modeled on the annual Christmas parade through the downtown area that attracts a large number of city residents. Free refreshments 〔茶点，小吃〕and giveaways 〔免费样品〕will be part of these regular events. Mr. Williams says the group is also planning to beautify the downtown area with plants and paint.Though it might seem hard to compete with big chain stores, small retailers have an advantage. They have a personal approach in serving customers. Chamber of Commerce president David Hamilton agrees. He says retailers in his city serve customers well, and customers in return, should support them by shopping in their stores.The downtown area is the heart of a city. And members of Dickson's new Retail Merchants Association are determined to work together to keep the heart beating - to revitalize〔使。

施心远主编听力教程第版U n i t答案集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）UNIT 6Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationWind and SpiritWe do notice the wind when it seems (1) cruel, when the trees turn away from it, and it (2) cuts into our hearts. "Certain winds will make men's (3) temper bad", said George Eliot. In Southern California, the Santa Ana is (4) associated with an increase in depression and domestic (5) violence.Scientists have tried (6) without success to identify physiological reasons for these (7) reactions. Everyone agrees, however, that (8)dry winds like the Santa Ana, the mistral in France and the foehn* in Germany and Switzerland seem to have (9) negative effects on our mental and physical (10) well-being.On windy days, playground fights, (11) suicides and heart failures are more (12) frequent. In Geneva, traffic accidents (13) increase when a wind called the bise* blows. At the (14) request of patients, some Swiss and German hospitals (15) postpone surgery during the foehn.It is human to ask what is (16) behind the wind. It is easy to personify the wind as the (17) breath of God. The act oftaking wind into our lungs is what (18) gives us life. The Jews, Arabs, Romans and Greeks all took their word for (19) spiritfrom the word for wind.But our day-to-day lives are no longer (20 blown on the winds. We do not identify wind with spirit anymore.Part 2 Listening for GistA cat got on to a Scandinavian Airlines plane in Nairobi yesterday and cost the company about ￡10,000. One of the 66 passengers heard a strange "miaow" when the plane landed in Copenhagen. Mechanics arrived immediately and the airline company phoned for an animal ambulance. The mechanics found the cat after eight hours' work. It had got into the air-conditioning system in Nairobi. The plane was twelve hours late leaving for Tokyo, costing the company ￡10,000. The cat was quite well after its experience and was given a large bowl of milk and a plate of fish.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and find its topic sentence. The topic sentence is "A cat got on to a Scandinavian Airlines plane in Nairobi yesterday and cost the company about￡10.000."Section TwoListening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueWhat a Coincidence!Storyteller: Talking of coincidences, did I tell you about what happened to me and Jeannie last holidayFriend(s): No.Storyteller: We went on holiday in the States and we went to Mexico. Well, we were driving down to Mexico City. We weregoing to spend a few days in Palm Beach ... see the sea, lookup an old friend, you know. As we left there we stopped at a garage for a car check ... oil, the water, the tires, allthat ... petrol. And the mechanics spotted something. They said that our fuel pump was not working properly and it was quite serious ... it would cost a lot of money ... well, we were very worried.Friend(s): Were you insuredStoryteller: Well, no, we weren't and I didn't have that much money on me, you know. It was meant to be a cheap holiday. Well, just then, two men drove up and they said what's the problem And, do you know They were mechanics - it was such good luck. They looked at our car and they said, "There's nothing wrongwith your car. Don't spend money on it. Just forget about it."Well, naturally, we were worried, but ... er, I thought ...I'll trust them, I think they're right. So, we drove on, we crossed the Mexican border and had a marvelous few days sightseeing there round Monterey.Friend(s):Oh, oh, brilliant ... jealous ...Storyteller: And then we went on and on to Mexico City. We drove about forty kilometers and then we saw a car with the same US number plates as the other car we'd seen in Palm Beach. Friend(s): You're joking!Storyteller: It was parked by the road, and the same two men who gave us the advice about our car were stuck with their car. Friend(s): Oh, no!Storyteller: So, we stopped and asked them what was wrong. And do you know Their car had broken down for exactly the same reason: The fuel pump wasn't working! It was quite extraordinary.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)l. T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.FPart 2 PassageCorporate Culture1.How well the employee "fits" the culture can make the difference between job-search success and failure.2.It guides how employees think, act, and feel.3.The amount of time outside the office you're expected tospend with co-workers is part of the corporate culture.4.The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months.5.It should be a place where you can have a voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth.Why should jobseekers care about a potential employer's corporate culture Aren't there more important factors to consider, such as the job itself, salary and bonuses, and fringe benefits（附加福利） These factors are indeed important, but increasingly career experts are talking about the importance of employee-employer fit in terms of culture, with the idea that how well the employee "fits" the culture can make the difference between job-search success and failure.What is corporate culture At its most basic, it's described as the personality of an organization, or simply as "how things are done around here". It guides how employees think, act, andfeel. Corporate culture is a broad term（广义的术语） used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics（企业伦理，公司道德）, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed in the company's mission statement（宗旨）and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration of offices, by what people wear to work, by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.How does a company's culture affect you In many, many ways.For instance:The hours you work per day, per week, including optionssuch as flextime and telecommuting.The work environment, including how employees interact,the degree of competition, and whether it's a fun orhostile environment - or something in-between.The dress code, including the accepted styles of attire*and things such as casual days.The office space you get, including things such ascubicles*, window offices, and rules regarding display ofpersonal items.The training and skills development you receive, which youneed both on the job and to keep yourself marketable forfuture jobs and employers.Onsite perks（特别的待遇）, such as break rooms, gyms andplay rooms, daycare facilities, and more.The amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend with co-workers.Interaction with other employees, including managers and top management.How do you uncover the corporate culture of a potential employer The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with research before the interview and ending with observation at the interview.If you get a chance to meet with other employees, you canask some questions to try and get a handle on an organization's corporate culture. Such as:What's it really like to work here?What skills and characteristics does the company valueHow do people get promoted around hereThe bottom line is that you are going to spend a lot oftime in the work environment ---and to be happy,successful and productive, you’ll want to be in a placewhere you fit the culture, a place where you can have avoice, be respect and have opportunity for growth.A：Pre-listening QuestionMany articles and books have been written in recent years about culture in organizations, usually referred to as "Corporate Culture". The dictionary defines culture as "the act of developing intellectual and moral faculties, especially through education". Some people define it as "the moral, social, and behavioral norms of an organization based on the beliefs, attitudes, and priorities of its members".Every organization has its own unique culture or value set. Most organizations don't consciously try to create a certain culture. The culture of the organization is typically created unconsciously, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization.B：Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. Youwill hear each sentence three timesC：Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and complete the following paragraphsAt its most basic, corporate culture is described as the personality of an organization. It guides how employees think, act, and feel. Corporate culture is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior.Corporate culture can also be expressed in the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration of offices, by what people wear to work, by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.A company's culture affects you in many ways, such as the working hours, the work environment, the dress code, the office space you get, the training and skills development you receive, onsite perks, the amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend with co-workers and interaction with other employees, including managers and top management.D：After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with research before the interview and ending with observation at the interview.If you get a chance to meet with other employees, you can ask some questions to try and get a handle on an organization's corporate culture. Such as: What's it really like to work here What skills and characteristics does the company value How do people get promoted around here2.(Open)Section ThreeNewsNews Item 1News Item 1英巴首脑就巴冲突问题举行会谈On his way home from his first official visit to the United States, Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari stopped in London for two days of discussions. 在首次正式访问美国之后的返回途中，巴基斯坦总统扎尔达里在英国停留两天，讨论问题。

Unit 4Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to some short conversations. Has the second speaker finished talking? Tick the right box.1. A: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the secretary’s off ice is, please?B: Yes. It’s up the stairs, then turn left, …↗2. A: Excuse me. Can you tell me where the toilets are?B: Yes, they’re at the top of the stairs. ↘3. A: What did you do after work yesterday?B: Ah, well, I went for a drink in the pub opposite the carpark. ↘4. A: What did you do after work yesterday?B: Oh, I ran into Jane and Tom, …↗5. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine works?B: Certainly. Erm, first of all you adjust the height of the stool, and then put four 10-pence pieces there, ... ↗6. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine works?B: Yes. You put 30 pence in the slot and take the ticket out here. ↘KeyPart 2 Listening and Note-TakingFrog LegsScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries.2. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians.3. Indian scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at which frogs aredisappearing from the rice fields and wetlands.4. The United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat eachyear between 1981 and 1984.5. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price.B. Listen to a talk about frog legs. Take notes and complete the following summary.People want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries —or at least until they have run out of frogs. But the most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspired frog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the French government, so concerned about the scarcity of its native frog, banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians*. So the French turned to India and Bangladesh for frogs.As happened in France, American frog-leg fanciers and restaurants also turned increasingly to frozen imports. According to figures collected from government agencies, the United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984.So many frozen frog legs were exported from India to Europe and the United States.One of the attractions of Indian frogs, apart from the fact that they have bigger legs than French frogs, was the price. In L ondon, a pound of frozen frog’s legs from India cost about £1.75, compared with £3.75 for the French variety.Indian scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at whic h frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protect crops by devouring* damaging insects.Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe. But no matter what country the legs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belong to frogs that are taken from the wild, not from farms. Frogs are nearly impossible to farm economically in the countries where frogs are commercially harvested from the wild.KeyA. 1. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries.2. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians.3. India n scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at which frogs aredisappearing from the rice fields and wetlands.4. The United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat eachyear between 1981 and 1984.5. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price.B. Frog LegsPeople want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries.The most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspiredfrog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the Frenchgovernment banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians. So the French turned toIndia and Bangladesh for frogs. And the United States imported more than 6.5 millionpounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984. One of the attractions ofIndian frogs was the price.Indian scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protect crops by devouringdamaging insects.Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe. But no matter what country thelegs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belong to frogs that aretaken from the wild, not from farms.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. I told them what I thought; moreover, I will tell anyone else who wants to know.2. When the timer rang, she was in the living room talking to the neighbors who haddropped in.3. Downstairs in a flash, she hurriedly dialed 999, and gave her name and address inclear, concise tones.4. As a minister’s wife, she has more than her fair share of telephone calls.5. That polish makes the floor dangerously slick; we will have to be careful until itwears down.Key1. C-C2. CPL3. S4. S5. C-CPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Health ClubScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following chart.Interviewer: Lorna, you and your husband opened this health club here last summer.Can you tell me something about the club?Lorna: Yes, well we offer a choice of facilities —gym, sunbed*, sauna* andJacuzzi* —that’s also from Scandinavia — as well as our regular fitnessclasses, that is. And there’s a wholefood bar for refreshments afterwards.Interviewer: And does it cost a lot? I mean, most people think health clubs are reallyexpensive.Lorna: Actually our rates are really quite competitive. Since we only started lastJuly, we’ve kept them down to attract customers. It’s only £30 a year tojoin. Then an hour in the gym costs £2.50 — the same as half an hour onthe sunbed. Sauna and Jacuzzi are both £1.50 for half an hour.Interviewer: And is the club doing well?Lorna: Well, so far, yes, it’s doing really well. I had no idea it was going to besuch a success, actually. We’re both very pleased. The sunbed’s sopopular, espe cially with the over 65s, that we’re getting another one inAugust.Interviewer: What kind of people join the club?Lorna: We have people of all ages here, from small children to old-agepensioners, though of course the majority, about three-quarters of ourmembers, are in their 20s and 30s. They come in their lunch hour, to usethe gym, mostly, or after work, while the youngsters come when schoolfinishes, around half past three or four. The Jacuzzi’s very popular withthe little ones.Interviewer: What about the old-age pensioners?Lorna: They’re usually around in the mornings, when we offer them specialreduced rates —for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed, it’s only £2, whichis half price, actually. It doesn’t affect our profits really — only about 5%of our members are retired.B. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the following sentences withthe missing words.Interviewer: What about the old-age pensioners?Lorna: T hey’re usually around in the mornings, when we offer them specialreduced rates —for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed, it’s only £2,which is half price, actually. It doesn’t affect our profits really — onlyabout 5% of our members are retired.KeyA.B. Interviewer: What about the old-age pensioners?Lorna: T hey’re usually around in the mornings, when we offer them specialreduced rates—for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed, it’s only £2,which is half price, actually. It doesn’t affect our profits really — onlyabout 5% of our members are retired.Dialogue 2 SkiingScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and answer the following questionsSimon: This one shows the view from the top of the mountain.Sally: Oh, it’s lovely!Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is it?Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t it?Sally: Yes, it does rather.Teresa: Oh, don’t worry. I know it looks ridiculous.Simon: Look. That’s our instructor, Werner.Teresa: Yeah, we were in the beginners’ class.Sally: Well, everyone has to start somewhere.Simon: Ah, now, this is a good one.Sally: What on earth is that?Simon: Can’t you guess?Sally: Well, it looks like a pile of people. You know, sort of on top of each other.Teresa: It is!Sally: How did that happen?Simon: Well, you see we were all pretty hopeless at first. Every day Werner used to take us to the nursery slope* to practise, and to get to the top you had to go upon a ski lift*.Teresa: Which wasn’t really very easy.Simon: No, and if you fell off you’d start sliding down the slope, right into all the people coming up!Sally: Mmm.Simon: Well, on that day we were all going up on the ski lift, you know, we were just getting used to it, and, you see there was this one woman in our class whonever got the hang of* it. She didn’t have any sort of control over her skis andwhenever she started sliding, she would sort of stick her ski sticks out in frontof her, you know, like swords or something.Teresa: I always tried to avoid her, but on that day I was right behind her on the ski lift and just as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down theslope.Sally: Did she?Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off the ski lift to get out of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all ended up in a pile at the bottom of the slope — it was lucky I had my camera with me.Sally: I bet that woman was popular!Simon: Oh, yes, everybody’s favourite!B. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following passage.C. Listen to some extracts from the dialogue and complete the following sentenceswith the missing words.1. Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is it?Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t it?Sally: Yes, it does rather.2. Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off the ski lift toget out of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all ended up in a pile at the bott om of the slope — itwas lucky I had my camera with me.KeyA. 1. They are looking at some pictures.2. A ski class for beginners.3. Two.B. Everyday the coach took them to a nursery slope. They got to the top on a ski lift. Intheir class, there was one woman who could never learn how to ski. She couldn’t control her skis and whenever she started sliding, she would stick her ski sticks out in front of her. People always tried to avoid her.One day as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down the slope.Everyone tried to jump off the ski lift to get out of the way and they all slid down the slope and ended up in a pile at the bottom.C. 1. Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is it?Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t it?Sally: Yes, it does rather.2. Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off the ski lift to getout of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all ended up in a pile at the bottom of the slope — itwas lucky I had my camera with me.Part 3 PassageThe Truth about the French!ScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you willhear.Skiing in France is heaven on Earth for a dedicated skier. There are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that is larger than all the ski resorts in Utah* and Colorado* combined.The larger resorts have an adequate number of restaurants and discos. It is a good idea to eat a good lunch because the mountain restaurants are normally much better than the restaurants in the ski stations.French resorts are mostly government owned and operated. The social system puts a high percentage of money back into the areas. This provides state-of-theart* lifts, snow making and snow grooming. In general, an intermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily be able to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.The French school systems have a staggered* two-week winter vacation period. When the snow is good, nearly all of France migrates to the mountains for this period. The break usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March. The time to absolutely avoid is the “P aris school holiday week” which will always be in the middle period of the vacation time but alternates starting the first or second week of the break.No one has a more undeserved* reputation about his or her character than the French.The French are not generally arrogant and rude. True, in large tourist centers there are unpleasant people and if you’re looking for or expecting rudeness, you may just provoke* it.Generally the French, especially in the countryside, are as kind as you wish and you will find warmth and acceptance. The most fractious* Frenchman is easily disarmed by a little sincerity*.When greeting someone or saying good-bye, always shake hands. Don’t use a firm, pumping handshake, but a quick, slight pressure one. When you enter a room or a shop you should greet everyone there. If you meet a person you know very well, use their first name and kiss both cheeks. Men don’t usually kiss unless they are relatives. Good topics of conversation include food, sports, hobbies and where you come from. Topics to avoid are prices, where items were bought, what someone does for a living, income and age. Questions about personal and family life are considered private. Expect to find the French well-informed about the history, culture and politics of other countries. To gain their respect, be prepared to show some knowledge of the history and politics of France.France is generally a very safe country to visit. Pickpockets, however, are not unheard of.In large cities particularly, take precautions against theft. Always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visible and don’t carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware of begging children!Questions:1. How large are the ski resorts in France?2. Why do people prefer to eat lunch at the mountain restaurants?3. How do most of the French resorts operate?4. What kind of vacation do French students usually have?5. What kind of unfair reputation do the French have?6. What is recommended when greeting someone or saying good-bye?7. What are good topics of conversation?8. What is still necessary when visiting France?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Skiing can be divided into cross-country skiing and alpine skiing. Cross-country skiingis a low-impact, aerobic activity. It is becoming increasingly popular. It can be enjoyed even if you have a relatively low skill level. It does not require exorbitant lift fees, and it has a relatively low injury rate (cross-country skiing has an injury rate about 10 times less than alpine skiing). Skiing uses more muscles than running and is less stressful on the legs.Alpine or downhill skiing is a popular family sport shared by people of all ages and athletic abilities. It has less benefits for aerobic fitness than cross-country skiing because activity is usually in short bursts, but it is good for strengthening muscles particularly those in the upper leg. Alpine skiing is also a tough sport, particularly demanding on the legs.B. 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. DC. 1. Because there are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that is larger than all theski resorts in Utah and Colorado combined.2. Because in a French resort an intermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily beable to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.3. This staggered two-week winter vacation period usually covers the last two weeks ofFebruary and the first week of March.4. The French are not generally arrogant and rude. Generally they are as kind as youwish.5. In large cities in France, always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visibleand don’t carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware of begging children!D. 1. When the snow is good, nearly all of France migrates to the mountains for this period.The break usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March.2. Generally the French, especially in the countryside, are as kind as you wish. The mostfractious Frenchman is easily disarmed by a little sincerity.Part 4 NewsNews item 1 India’s Selfie CampaignScriptA. Listen to the news item and answer the following questions. Then give a briefsummary about the news item.Recently, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a campaign on social media.The campaign is aimed at recognizing and celebrating the lives of girls. It is part of the Indian government’s “Save Daughter, Teach Daughter” movement, which began earlier this year.The Indian leader used a radio broadcast last Sunday to urge people to publish photographs taken with their daughters on social media. He expressed hope that this could revolutionize the movement to save the country’s girls.Sexual inequality has long been a major problem in India’s highly patriarchal* society.For years, Indian families have wanted boys more than girls. In India, many girls are considered inferior to boys. Some are even killed before they are born or as newborns because they are thought to be less desirable. For every 1,000 boys up to the age of six years, India has 914 girls.It was not just fathers in India who answered Mr. Modi’s call. Fathers in countries as far away as Sweden also posted pictures with daughters.Social activists hope this campaign will not just be another public relations effort, but will support India’s push to give its daug hters the same positions as its sons.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. The Prime Minister launched the campaign on social media.2. The movement began earlier this year.3. The Prime Minister urge people to publish photographs taken with their daughters onsocial media.4. Social activists hope the campaign will not just be another public relations effort, butwill support the appeal for giving the daughters the same position as the sons.5. Fathers in countries such as Sweden also posted pictures with daughters.This news item is about a campaign launched by Indian Prime Minister on recognizingand celebrating the lives of girls.B. 1. Sexual inequality has been a major problem in India’s patriarchal society.2. Many girls are considered inferior to boys in India, therefore some are even killedbefore they are born or as newborns.3. For every 1,000 boys up to the age of six, there are only 914 girls in India.C. 1. Recently, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a campaign on social media.The campaign is aimed at recognizing and celebrating the lives of girls.2. It was not just fathers in India who answered Mr. Modi’s call. Fathers in countries asfar away as Sweden also posted pictures with daughters.3. Social activists hope this campaign will not just be another public relations effort, butwill support India’s push to give its daughters the same positions as its sons.News item 2 100-Year-Old Japanese Woman’s Swimming RecordScriptA. Listen to the news item and fill out the following chart. Then give a brief summaryabout the news item.As we age, we often take longer to recover from injuries. That is, for some people.After a Japanese woman suffered a knee injury, she became a competitive swimmer —at age 88.Nearing the age of 101 has not slowed down one Japanese woman. In fact, in the swimming pool — she is only getting faster.Recently, a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world’s first centenarian*to complete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition in a 25-meter pool. Her name is Mieko Nagaoka. Ms. Nagaoka set a world record for her age group at a recent Japan Masters Swimming Association event in the western city of Matsuyama. She swam the race in one hour, 15 minutes and 54 seconds.And Ms. Nagaoka was not competing against others. In fact, Ms. Nagaoka was the only competitor in the 100–104 year old category*. Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance*, or not giving up.In 2002, at a masters swim meet in New Zealand, Ms. Nagaoka took the bronze medal in the 50-meter backstroke. In 2004, she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyThis news item is about a 100-year-old Japanese woman who sets the swimming record.B. 1. Recently, a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world’s first centenarian tocomplete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition.2. Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance, or not giving up.3. After suffered a knee injury, Ms. Nagaoka became a competitive swimmer —at ageof 88.C.In 2002, at a masters swim meet in New Zealand, Ms. Nagaoka took the bronze medal inthe 50-meter backstroke. In 2004, she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingThe StrandScriptListen to a story and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the story only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.There is a street called “The Strand” in Galveston,where hundreds of thousands of tourists visit today. This street was Mama’s stompin g* ground as a kid. Before Mama died, we took a streetcar around Galveston to see all the lovely, restored homes. What a great day.She knew more than the tour guide. As we sat enjoying the sights, Mama said, “Liz, do you know why my nose is a littl e crooked*?” (I thought, “Where did that come from?”) “No, Mama, you haven’t ever mentioned it,” I replied.“Well,” said mother, “one day I followed my brothers to The Strand, and a streetcar ran over me. I put myself flat down between the rails and pushed my face in the ground so hard that I broke my nose! It sure caused a lot of chaos*. People screamed, the police came, and I just crawled out, brushed myself off and went home. The only thing I ever noticed different about me was a crooked nose.”I just looked at her nose and looked at Mama in utter disbelief!Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageBabies and IntelligenceScriptA. Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.Research scientists at the National Institute of Child Health and Development note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other humans. This ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.The Finnish researchers used devices to meas ure the babies’ brain activity.The researchers played recordings of spoken sounds for up to one hour while the babies slept.The head of the study believes that babies can learn while asleep because the part of their brains called the cerebral cortex* remains active at night. The cortex is very important for learning. This part of the brain is not active in adults while they sleep.Many experts say the first years of a child’s l ife are important for all later development.An American study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. The study involved more than 1,200 mothers and children.Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. They observed the mothers playing with their children four times during this period.The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old.The children of depressed women did not do as well on tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly on tests of language skills and understanding what they hear. These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people.Another study suggests that babies who are bigger at birth generally are more intelligent later in life. It found that the intelligence of a child at seven years of age is directly linked to his or her weight at birth. Study organizers say this is probably because heavier babies received more nutrition* during important periods of brain development before they were born.The study involved almost 3,500 children. Researchers in New York City used traditional tests to measure intelligence. Brothers and sisters were tested so that the effects of birth weight alone could be separated from the effects of diet or other considerations.The researchers found that children with higher birth weights generally did better on the intelligence tests. Also, the link between birth weight and intelligence later in life was stronger for boys than for girls.B. Listen to the passage again and complete the chart.KeyA. 1. Some people thought babies were able to learn things when they were five or sixmonths old.2. Doctors think babies begin learning things on their first day of life.3. Babies communicate with other people by smiling.4. They can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were stilldeveloping inside their mothers.5. Babies can learn while asleep.6. They are important for a child’s all later development.B.Part 2 VideoHaiti Amputee Soccer TeamScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.In Haiti there is a soccer team unlike any you have ever seen. It is made up of players who have lost legs and arms, mostly during the earthquake in 2010. Just as the players are different, so is their field, called a “pitch”. People live near it. There are pools of water on it.And cows walk by. The players kick with the same leg they stand on. Goalies defend with the only arm they have. The team is called Zaryen. That is Creole for “tarantula’ — a spider that can live without one of its legs. A balcony collapsed on Judithe Facile during the earthquake.She was near death. Soccer has brought her back to life.“Now I feel like I’m alive. Because, before that, after I lost my leg, I didn’t have any hope for the future, even though I was walk ing on the crutches.”Cedieu Fortilus says the players have changed the way Haitians think about the disabled.“When I see they are playing like that, I’m so proud. I’m so proud. I think I’m doing a good job. So, I see so many people, even Haitian, if they are crossing the street, they take time to look at them because they are doing something very strange. Something many Haitians have never seen in their life.”Several organizations in the United States give money to the team, and pay for artificial arms and legs for all Haitians who need them.Cindy Orange says: “Soccer has taught me to do a lot of things on one leg that I wasn’t used to doing before. I feel comfortable when I’m playing.”Key1. That’s because this soccer team in Haiti is formed by those players who have losttheir legs and arms.2. They kick with the same leg they stand on and the goalkeepers defend with the onlyarm they have.3. That’s because only soccer saved her from depressi on. After she had lost her leg, shedidn’t have any hope f or the future, even though she was able to walk on the crutches.4. That’s because the players are doing something ver y strange. That is to say, they areplaying soccer in their own ways.5. Several organizations in the United States give money to the soccer teams in Haitiand pay for artificial arms and legs for all Haitians who need them.。

施心远主编《听力教程》3-( 第二版 )unit-3 答案Unit 3Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Spot DictationWildlifeEvery ten minutes, one kind of animal, plant or insect (1)dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become (2) extinct twenty years from now.The seas are in danger. They are being filled with (3) poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and (4) pesticides, sewage. If nothing is done about it, one day soon nothing will be able to (5) live in the seas.The tropical rain (6) forests which are the home of half the earth's living things are (7) being destroyed . If nothing is done about it, they will have (8) nearly disappeared in twenty years. The effect on the world's (9) climate - and on our agriculture and food (10) supplies - will be disastrous.(11) Fortunately,somebody is trying to do something about it. In 1961, the(12) World Wildlife Fund was founded - a small group of people who wanted to(13)raise money to save animals and plants (14) from extinction . Today, the World Wildlife Fund is a large (15) internationa l organization. It has raised over(16)￡35 million for (17) conservation projects, and has created or given support to the National Parks in (18) five continents . It has helped 30 (19) mammals and birds - including the tiger - to (20)survive .Part 2Listening for GistMrs. Bates: Hullo. Is that Reception? .Reception: Yes, madamMrs. Bates: This is Mrs. Bates. Room 504. I sent some clothes to the laundry this morning, two of my husband's shirtsand three of my blouses. But they're not back yet. You see, we're leaving early tomorrow morning.Reception: Just a moment, madam. I'll put you through to the housekeeper.Housekeeper: Hullo. Housekeeper.Mrs. Bates: Oh, hullo. This is ... I'm phoning from Room 504. It's about someclothes I sent to the laundry this morning. They're not back yet andyou see ...Housekeeper: They are, madam. You'll find them in your wardrobe. They're in the top drawer on the left.Mrs. Bates: Oh, I didn't look in the wardrobe. Thank you very much. Sorry to trouble you.Housekeeper: That's quite all right. Goodbye.Mrs. Bates: Goodbye.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and write down the gist and the key words thathelp you decide.1) This dialogue is about making an inquiry about the laundry.2) The key words are reception. laundry. shirts. blouses. wardrobe.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1DialogueA UN InterpreterInterviewer: ... so perhaps you could tell us how exactly you became so proficient at language learning, Suzanne.Suzanne: Well, I think it all started with a really fortunate accident of birth.You know I was born in Lausanne*, Switzerland; my father wasSwiss-French Swiss and my mother was American, so, of course, wespoke both languages at home and I grew up bilingual. Then, of course,I learnt German at school - in Switzerland that's normal. And becauseI was already fluent in English, my second language at school wasItalian. So I had a real head start ( 有利的开端 )!Interviewer: So that's ... one, two, three, four - you had learnt four languages by the time you left school? How fluent were you?Suzanne: Urn, I was native speaker standard in French and English, but I'd become a bit rusty* in German and my Italian was only schoolstandard. I decided the best option was to study in the UK, and I didHispanic Studies at university, studying Spanish and Portuguese, withsome Italian, and living in Manchester. Then I went to live in Brazil fortwo years, teaching English.Interviewer: So by this time you must have been fluent in six languages?Suzanne: Nearly. My Italian wasn't perfect, but I had a boyfriend fromUruguay* while I was there, so my Spanish also became pretty good! Interviewer: And then what did you do?Suzanne: When I was 25 I came back to Switzerland, went to an interpreters' school and then got a job in the United Nations when I was 28. Interviewer: And you've been there ever since?Suzanne: Not quite. In the first few months I met Jan, a Czech interpreter, who became my husband. We went to live in Prague in 1987 and that waswhere I learnt Czech.Interviewer: And the eighth language?Suzanne: Well, unfortunately the marriage didn't last; I was very upset and I decided to take a long break. I went to Japan on holiday, got a job andstayed for two years, which was when I learnt Japanese. Interviewer: That's amazing! And now you're back at the United Nations? Suzanne: Yes. Well, I never really left. I carried on doing work for them when I was in Prague - some in Prague, some in Austria and Switzerland, andI took a "sabbatical*" to work in Japan. They need people who canunderstand Japanese. But, yes, I've been back with them full-time fortwo years now.Interviewer: And your plans for the future?Suzanne: I'm going to learn more Oriental languages. It was such a challenge learning Japanese - it's so different from all the others. So I'll spendanother two or three years here with the UN full-time, during whichtime I hope to get a substantial promotion, then I think I'll go back andlearn Korean, or perhaps Chinese, and Thai - I'd love to learn Thai.And then, perhaps an Indian language. Whatever, I want to be fluent inanother three or four languages before 45.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T8.T9. T10. FPart 2 PassageThe Clyde RiverRunning through one of Britain's biggest manufacturing centers, Glasgow, the Clyde River* was poisoned for more than a century by the fetid* byproducts of industry.The waterway bore the brunt of ( 首当其冲 )Glasgow's economic success during the Industrial Revolution and beyond, as pollution and chemicals destroyed its fish and wildlife populations and brewed smells whose memorystill makes residents wince*. Now, with heavy industry gone and Glasgow reconceived as a center for culture and tourism, the Clyde is coming back to life.For the first time since the late 1800s, its native salmon have returned in sizable numbers, reflecting the new cleanliness of a river that was once one ofBritain's filthiest.The Clyde River Foundation surveyed fish populations last autumn at 69 sites in the Clyde and its tributaries, and found salmon in seven of the ninemajor tributaries.The migratory fish, which vanished from the Clyde around 1880 after a long decline, first reappeared in the 1980s, but last year's survey was the first to showthey've come back in healthy numbers .Although commercial salmon fishing was never widespread on the Clyde, the fish's return is symbolically important for Glasgow, where salmon were once so important to the city's identity that two are pictured on its official coat of arms.The salmon's comeback is also a sign of big improvements to water quality.Like sea trout, which have also reappeared in the Clyde system in recent years, salmon are very sensitive to environmental conditions and require cool, well-oxygenated* water to thrive.The decline of Glasgow's main industries helped boost the fortunes of a river that was essentially fishless for decades during the worst periods ofpollution.The closure of factories that had poured toxins* and other pollutants intothe river boosted water quality significantly. Environmental regulators also lightened dumping rules, and modern sewage processing plants helped eliminatesome of the foul* smells that once tainted* the air.With worries rising about the environmental impact of enormous fish farms elsewhere in Scotland and severely depleted fish stocks in the North Sea andNorth Atlantic, the Clyde comeback is a rare bit of good news for Scotland's fishlovers.Since the area that is now Glasgow was first settled around the year 550, the Clyde has been central to its history.The river's depth and navigability helped make Glasgow an important center for importing tobacco, sugar and cotton from the Americas starting in the 1600s. Later, during the Industrial Revolution that began in the late 1700s, Glasgow became a center of British shipbuilding and one of the country's greatmanufacturing centers.The mills and factories that lined the Clyde made steel, textiles and chemicals, tanned leather and even produced candy and brewed alcohol.When the factories began to close in the second half of the 20th century, working-class Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, gained a reputation for social deprivation and rough streets. More recently, its art museums and nightlife have helped drive an economic comeback that has turned the city into a popular tourist destination.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionRivers are important to humans because they supply fresh drinking water, serveas home for important fishes, and provide transportation routes.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1)Salmon are very sensitive to environmental conditions and require cool,well-oxygenated water to thrive.2)The closure of factories that had poured toxins and other pollutants intothe river boosted water quality significantly and modern sewage processing plants（污水处理厂）helped eliminate some of the foul smells.3)The river's depth and navigability helped make Glasgow an importantcenter for importing tobacco, sugar and cotton from the Americasstarting in the 1600s.4)The mills and factories that lined the Clyde made steel, textiles andchemicals, tanned leather and even produced candy and brewed alcohol.5)When the factories began to close in the second half of the 20th century,working-class Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, gained a reputation forsocial deprivation （社会剥夺） and rough streets.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.l.A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. AExercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)The Clyde's depth and navigability helped make Glasgow an important centerfor importing tobacco, sugar and cotton from the Americas starting in the 1600s.And the city became a center of British shipbuilding and one of the country's great manufacturing centers during the Industrial Revolution. More recently, its art museums and nightlife have helped drive an economic comeback that has turned the city into a popular tourist destination.2)(Open)Section Three :NewsNews Item 1Governments Ban Nine Of The World's Most Hazardous ChemicalsUN Environment Program Executive Director Achim Steiner calls the agreement historic. He says the nine chemicals that have joined the list of Persistent Organic Pollutants, or POPS, are extremely harmful to the environment and to health.The newly targeted chemicals include products that are widely used in pesticides and flame-retardants, and in a number of other commercial uses, such asa treatment for head lice.These nine toxic chemicals will join the Stockholm Convention's original list of 12 Persistent Organic Pollutants, referred to as the "dirty dozen."The pollutants are especially dangerous because they cross boundaries and travel long distances, from the Equator to the Arctic. They persist in the atmosphere and take many years, often decades, to degrade into less dangerous forms.They pose great risks to the environment and human health, especially to young people, farmers, pregnant women and the unborn.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about a ban of nine of the w orld ’smost hazardous chemicals.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.UN environment Program Executive welcomed the agreement to ban the production of nine of the world ’s most hazardous chemicals that are extremely harmful to the environment and to health. These substances will join a list of 12 other so-called persistent organic pollutants , or POPS, that are prohibited under an international treaty known as the Stockholm Convention .The newly targeted chemicals include products that are widely used in pesticides and flame-retardants , and in a number of other commercial uses, suchas a treatment for head lice.The pollutants are especially dangerous because they cross boundaries and travel long distances, from the Equator to the Arctic . They persist in the atmosphere and take many years, often decades, to degrade into less dangerous forms.They pose great risks to the environment and human health , especially to young people, farmers , pregnant women and the unborn .News Item2World Climate Conference to Focus on Adaptation to Climate ChangeScientists predict the world will get hotter over the coming decades. A major conference in Copenhagen at the end of the year will focus on ways to mitigatethe worst affects of global warming.WMO Secretary-General Michel Jarraud (世界气象组织秘书长贾侯)sayscountries must have the tools to adapt to a changing climate. They must be ableto respond to a world that is likely to experience more extreme weather events,such as floods and hurricanes.Jarraud notes farmers in certain parts of the world will have to adapt to a dryer climate. He says they might have to modify irrigation systems or considergrowing crops that do not require much rain.He says global warming is likely to increase the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Therefore, better and more timely information on thesephenomena are essential to make decisions on climate variability and change. To do this, he says, weather observation networks must be strengthened.The WMO chief says climate change is a global problem. And, everyone needs everyone else to solve this problem. He says even the biggest, richest countries cannot do it alone. He says the developed world needs reliable weather information from developing countries and vice-versa.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about an appeal for global cooperation to deal with climate change.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1)Scientists predict the world will get hotter over the coming decades.2)A major conference in Copenhagen at the end of the year will focuson ways to mitigate the worst affects of global warming.3)Countries must have the tools to adapt to a changing climate.4)Jarraud notes farmers in certain parts of the world will have to adapt toa dryer climate. He says they might have to modify irrigation systems orconsider growing crops that do not require much rain.5)Global warming is likely to increase the intensity and frequencyof extreme weather events.6)Weather observation networks must be strengthened.7)Even the biggest, richest countries cannot do it alone. He says thedeveloped world needs reliable weather information fromdeveloping countries and vice-versa.News Item3Scientists have warned that the Great Barrier Reef - which stretches for more than 2,500 kilometers down Australia's northeast coast - is likely to bear thebrunt of warmer ocean temperatures.A major concern has been the bleaching of coral, where the sensitive marine organisms wither under environmental stress caused by increased water temperature, pollution or sedimentation. An unexpected discovery at the southern end of the reef has provided some rare good news for researchers.Researchers found that coral in the Keppel Islands off Queensland, whichwas damaged by bleaching in 2006 and then smothered by seaweed that overgrew the reef, has managed to repair itself.Experts say to see reefs bounce back from mass coral bleaching in less than a decade is highly unusual.Like other coral systems, the Great Barrier Reef is facing a range of environmental threats. Scientists say their capacity to recovery from damage inflicted by warmer waters, for example, will be critical to its future health.The Great Barrier Reef is one of Australia's premier tourist attractions. Itcovers an area bigger than Britain and is the largest living structure on earth and the only one visible from space.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the Great Barrier Reef.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l. T 2. F 3. T 4.F 5. T 6. TSection Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1Feature ReportSydney Ready for Big Switch Off as Earth Hour Goes Global Scotland's Edinburgh Castle, the Bird's Nest stadium in Beijing and the pyramids in Egypt will join the Sydney Opera House in dimming their lights aspart of Earth Hour.The global event has been endorsed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Ban Ki-moon has said it was the biggest climate change demonstrationever attempted. Mr. Ban urged people everywhere to pressure theirgovernments to take decisive action to cut carbon pollution.Organizers are hoping that up to a billion people from small villages in Namibia to sprawling cities in Asia will participate in an international effort tocut greenhouse gas emissions, which many scientists blame for a warming climate.One of the architects of Earth Hour, Andy Ridley from the conservation group World Wildlife Fund (WWF), says the current financial meltdown should not be used as an excuse to delay environmental reforms."The global economic crisis has proved that we are a global community, so when America goes bad, we all go bad and climate change is going to be on a scale that is way, way beyond our global economic crisis at the moment and we need to put in place the measures to a) slow that down and ideally halt it, b) be ready for economies that will have to change. So, the longer we procrastinate the more we pay the penalty so we need to move quickly," he said.Earth Hour was started by environmentalists in Sydney in 2007. It encourages households, businesses and governments to switch off allnon-essential lights for 60 minutes in a show of unified concern for the health and future of the planet.In two years, the event has become a large global movement and its aim is to create an enormous wave of public pressure that will influence delegates at a meeting in Copenhagen later this year, which hopes to establish a new U.N. climate treaty.However, critics of Earth Hour have insisted it is simply a symbolic gesturethat will not affect significant environmental change.The event will officially begin on the international dateline in the remote Chatham Islands southeast of New Zealand and will conclude in Hawaii.Exercise A: Directions: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about a global event known as Earth Hour.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1. Scotland's Edinburgh Castle, the Bird's Nest stadium in Beijing and thepyramids in Egypt will join the Sydney Opera House in d imming their lightsas part of Earth Hour.2. Ban Ki-moon has said it was the biggest climate change demonstration everattempted.anizers are hoping that up to a billion people will participate in aninternational effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions, which many scientistsblame for a warming climate.4. Andy Ridley, One of the architects of Earth Hour, says the current financialmeltdown should not be used as an excuse to delay environmental reforms .5. In two years, the event has become a large global movement and its aim is tocreate an enormous wave of public pressure that will influence delegates at ameeting in Copenhagen later this year.Part 2 PassageLab produces shape-shifting fruits and vegetables Many fruits and vegetables we know almost as much by their shape as by their color or taste. Bananas are long and curved. Onions are round. But what if you could alter the familiar shape? Would a square tomato still be a tomato?Scientists are learning how to change the shape of fruits and vegetables so they can be harvested or processed more efficiently, or maybe just to reduce waste in the kitchen. It can be done to some extent with traditional hybrid techniques. And as we hear from reporter Julie Grant, it can also be done by flipping a genetic switch.Ester van der Knaap steps gingerly around the greenhouse. We're at the Ohio State Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster. Van Der Knaap points out short, round tomatoes - and some odd-looking long, thin ones.VAN DER KNAAP:"That's one gene. One gene can make that difference."Van der Knaap's team discovered that gene and isolated it. They call it the SUN gene. And they've been able to clone it in tomatoes.Van der Knaap's research could lead to square-shapes - something she thinks the tomato industry might like. Square tomatoes fit into packages better. And, overall, square tomatoes might be easier to work with than the common round tomatoes.So far money for her research has come from the National Science Foundation - not big ag.Designer fruit shapes are gaining popularity.People have been cross-breeding tomatoes to make the shapes they want for a long time. But this is not the same thing.Dick Alford is a chef and professor of hospitality management at the University of Akron [Ohio].The difference between what his brother and lots of other folks have been doing and what van der Knaap is doing is the difference between cross-breeding and locating a specific gene that affects the shape of tomatoes.Chef Alford watches students as they cut yellow crookneck squash and carrots.They're trying to make uniform, symmetrical shapes out of curvy and pointed vegetables. There's a lot of waste. Chef Alford hates to see so much get thrown away. So he's got a request of Dr. van der Knaap.ALFORD: "If we could get square carrots, it would be great. If you could get a tomato as long as a cucumber, where you could get 20 or 30 slices out of them, it would be great."In a country that loves hamburgers, Van der Knaap has heard that request before. But the long, thin tomato hasn't worked out just yet. She says there's more genetics to be studied.“ Once we know all the genes responsible for making different shapes in tomatoes ” , Van der Knaap says, “ we'll have a better idea of what controls the shape of other crops, such peppers, cucumbers and gourds. And maybe then we'll get those square carrots.”Exercise A Pre-listening Question(open)Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1.what if you could alter the familiar shape? Would a square tomato still bea tomato?2.Scientists are learning how to change the shape of fruits and vegetables sothey can be harvested or processed more efficiently, or maybe just toreduce waste in the kitchen.3.People have been cross-breeding tomatoes to make the shapes they want fora long time. But this is not the same thing.4.If you could get a tomato as long as a cucumber, where you could get 20 or30 slices out of it, it would be great.5.Once we know all the genes responsible for making different shapes intomatoes, we'll have a better idea of what controls the shape of other crops, such as peppers, cucumbers and gourds.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1.Bananas and Onions are the examples known as much by their shape asby their color or taste.2.The hybrid or cross-breeding technique is regarded as the traditional wayof changing the shape of fruits.3.The genetic technique which can also change the shape of fruits.4.They discovered the SUN gene and managed to clone it in tomatoes.5. Compared with round tomatoes, square tomatoes might be easier towork with than the common round tomatoes.6.The difference between what his brother and lots of other folks have beendoing and what van der Knaap is doing is the difference between cross-breeding and locating a specific gene that affects the shape of tomatoes.7.There's a lot of waste. Chef Alford hates to see so much get thrown away. Sohe's got a request of Dr. van der Knaap.8.“ Once we know all the genes responsible for making different shapes intomatoes, Van der Knaap says we'll have a better idea of what controls the shape of other crops, such peppers, cucumbers and gourds. And maybe then we'll get those square carrots.”Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. Chef Alford ’s request: "If we could get square carrots, it would be great. Ifyou could get a nice long, a tomato as long as a cucumber, where you could get 20 or 30 slices out of them, it would be great." Van der Knaap s’opinion is that the long, thin tomato hasn't worked out just yet. and there's more genetics to bestudied. 2)(Open)。

施心远主编《听力教程3》Unit_10答案Unit 10Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationDo You Risk Enough to Succeed?During the semi-finals of the 1990 Wimbledon(1)tennis tournament, 16-year-old Yugoslav Monica Seles faced American Zina Garriaon. As the match (2)proceeded, it became clear that Seles’s most formidable (3) opponent was not Garrison but herself.“The match was so close,” said a crestfallen Seles afterward. “I was going for the (4)safe shots. Even on Zina’s second serve I was (5) scared to hit the ball for winners.”When things get (6) tough, conventional wisdom tell us to (7) play it safe, to pull in your horns. Consequently, rather than performing to (8) our potential, we concentrate on minimizing our losers. The results can be (9) catastrophic.If you find yourself shying away from (10) risks, these five tips will help you (10) tap into the adventurous spirit buried in us all.1. Take (11) dreams seriously.2. Take it in little steps . When starting something new, (12) figure out a first step and make it one you are reasonably sure of (13) accomplishing.3. Don’t say “don’t”, The Don’ts, a form of (14) negative goal setting, can be self-fulfilling because your mind (15) responds to pictures.4. Make your own (16) rules.5. Learn from your mistakes.By (17)embracing risk, you will accomplish more than you (18)ever thought you could. In the process you will (19) transform your life into an exciting adventure that will constantly challenge, reward and (20) rejuvenate you.Part 2 listening for GistIt'll be a dull day, with outbreaks of rain. There may be some heavy showers in the south-west later, with perhaps the odd thunderstorm. The outlook for tomorrow: continuing dull, but there should be some breaks in the cloud by midday. It'll be quite warm, with a maximum temperature of about 16 to 17 degrees.Directions: Listen to the passage and write do wn the gist and the key words that help you decide.1. This passage is about a weather forecast.2. The key words are rain, showers, thunderstorm, outlook, maximum temperature.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueAdulthoodInterviewer: OK, Bruce, Ur, why is the late twenties better than, say, earlier twenties?Bruce: Ur, I think that when you’re in your, in the early twenties, you’re just getting over, um, teenage adolescent ye ars, so now I think in the late twenties you kinda know a direction but, um, the early twenties are just too。

A Listening Course 4施心远主编《听力教程》4 (第2版)答案Unit 4Section One: Tactics for ListeningPart 1: Listening and Translation1.Clara Barton made a big difference in many lives.克拉拉·巴顿极大地改变了许多人的生活。

2.She went to the fields of battle to nurse the wounded.她前往战场护理伤员。

3.She wrote letters in support of an American Red Cross organization.她写信支持建立美国红十字会组织。

4.The United States Congress signed the World's Treaty of the International Red Cross.美国国会签署了国际红十字公约。

5.Today her work continues to be important to thousands of people in trouble.今天，她的工作对于成千上万遭遇困难的人来说仍然很重要。

Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueHow to Be a Good InterviewerExercise: Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1. A2. D3. C4. D5. A6.B7. D8. A9. D 10. A 11. CScript of the dialogue:prerequisitesomething that is required in advance先决条件,前提tombstonea stone that is used to mark a grave墓碑aidesomeone who acts as assistant 助手aforesaidbeing the one previously mentioned or spoken of;上述的,前述的spin有倾向性地陈述；〔尤指〕以有利于自己的口吻描述Interviewer: With all your experience of interviewing, Michael, how can you tell if somebody is going to make a good interviewer?Parkinson: Oh, I say, what a question! I’ve never been asked that before. Urn, I think that the prerequisite obviously is curiosity. I think that’s the, er, a natural one, not an assumed one. I think the people who have, um, done my job—and the graveyard of the BBC is littered with them, their tombstones are there, you know—who failed to have been because basically they’ve not been journalists. Um, my training was in journalism. I’ve been 26 years a journalist and er, to be a journalistargues that you like meeting people to start with, and also you want to find out about them. So that’s the prerequisite. After that, I think there’s something else that comes into it, into play, and I think, again, most successful journalists have it—it’s a curious kind of affinity with people, it’s an ability to get on with people, it’s a kind of body warmth, i f you like. If you knew the secret of it and could bottle it and sell it, you’d make a fortune.Interviewer: When you’ve done an interview yourself, how do you feel whether it’s been a good interview or not a good interview?Parkinson: I can never really tell, er, on air. I have to watch it back, because television depends so much on your director getting the right shot, the right reaction. You can’t; it’s amazing. Sometimes I think “Oh, that’s a boring interview〞and just because of the way my director shot it, and shot reaction, he’s composed a picture that’s made it far more interesting than it actually was.Interviewer: How do you bring out the best in people, because you always seem to manage to, not only relax them, but somehow get right into the depths of them.Parkinson: By research, by knowing, when you go into a television studio, more about the guest in front you than they’ve forgotten about themselves. And, I mean that’s pure research. I mean, you probably use…in a 20-minute interview, I probably use a 20th of the researchmaterial that I’ve absorbed, but that’s what you’re gonna have to do. I mean I once interviewed Robert Mitchum for 75 minutes and the longest reply I got from him was “yes〞. And that…that’s the only time I’ve used every ounce of research and every question that I’d ever thought of, and a few that I hadn’t thought of as well. But that really is the answer—it’s research. When people say it to you, you know, “Oh you go out and wing it, I mean that’s nonsense. If anybody ever tries to tell you that as an interviewer just starting, that you wing it, there’s no such thing. It’s all preparation; it’s knowing exactly what you’re going to do at any given point and knowing what you want from the person.Interviewer: And does that include sticking to written questions or do you deviate?Parkinson: No, I mean what you do is you have an aide memoir. I have, my…my list of questions aren’t questions as such, they’re areas that I block out, and indeed, I can’t remember, I can’t recall, apart from t he aforesaid Mr. Mitchum experience, when I’ve ever stuck to that at all. Because, quite often you’ll find that they spin off into areas that you’ve not really thought about and perhaps it’s worth pursuing sometimes. The job is very much like, actually, tr affic cop; you’re like you’re on point duty and you’re…you know, you’re directing the flow of traffic when you’re directing the flow of conversation. That’s basically what you’re doing, when you’re doing a talk-show, in my view.Interviewer: Have you got a last word of encouragement for any young people setting out on what they’d like to be a career as an interviewer?Parkinson: I, I, envy them, I mean, I really do. I mean I’d go back and do it all again. I think it’s the most perfect job for any young pers on who’s got talent and ambition and energy. And the nice thing about it is that the proportion of talent is only five percent; the other 95 percent is energy and no examinations to pass. I’d love to do it over again.Part 2 Passage Emily DavisonEx. A. Pre-listening QuestionWhat do you know about the Women’s Rights Movement?It was launched in 1848 at the world’s first Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York.Ex. B: Sentence Dictation1. So dearly did she love women that she offered her life as their ransom.2. Emily found work as a school teacher and eventually she raised enough money to return to university education.3. In 1909, Emily gave up full-time teaching so that she could devote more of her time to the WSPU.4. The scale of her militant acts increased and in December 1911 she was arrested for setting fire to pillar boxes.5. Once she had recovered her health, Emily began making plans tocommit an act that would give the movement maximum publicity.Ex. C: Detailed Listening.1872; literature; leave; find the £20-a-term-fees; 1906; one of the chief stewards; hand a petition; March 1909; two months; stone throwing; setting fire to pillar boxes1913; ran out; grab the bridle; fractured her skull; died; consciousnessEx. D: After-listening Discussion1. Why did Emily jump down an iron staircase and run out on the course at the derby?Because Emily was convinced that women would not win the vote until the suffragette movement had a martyr. She therefore committed those acts in order to give the movement more publicity.2. What do you think about Emily Davison?Open.Script of Passage:So greatly did she care for freedom that she died for it. So dearly did she love women that she offered her life as their ransom. That is the verdict given at the Great Inquest of the Nation on the death of Emily Wilding Davison.Emily Davison was born at Blackheath in 1872. Successful at school she won a place at Holloway College to study literature. But two years later she was forced to leave after her recently widowed mother was unable to find the 20-a-term fees. Emily found work as a schoolteacher in Worthing. Eventually she raised enough money to return to university education. After graduating from London University she obtained a post teaching the children of a family in Berkshire.Emily joined the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1906 and in June 1908 she was one of the chief stewards at a WSPU demonstration in London. The following year Emily gave up full-time teaching so that she could devote more of her time to the WSPU.In March1909, Emily was arrested while attempting to hand a petition to the Prime Minister. Emily was found guilty of causing a disturbance and sentenced to one-month imprisonment. In September 1909 she received a sentence of two months for stone throwing. She was released after going on hunger strike. A few days after leaving prison, Emily Davison, Mary Leigh and Constance Lytton were caught throwing stones at a car taking David Lloyd George, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, to a meeting in Newcastle. The women were sentenced to one month’s hard labor. The women went on hunger strike but this time the prison authorities decided to force-feed the women. In an attempt to avoid force-feeding, Emily used prison furniture to barricade the door of her prison cell. Aprison officer climbed a ladder and after forcing the nozzle of a hosepipe through a window, filled up the cell with water. Emily was willing to die, but before the cell had been completely filled with water the door was broken down.The scale of her militant acts increased and in December 1911 she was arrested for setting fire to pillar boxes. She was sentenced to six months and during her spell in prison she went on two hunger strikes. Emily Davison was now convinced that women would not win the vote until the suffragette movement had a martyr. Emily took the decision to draw attention to the suffragette campaign by jumping down an iron staircase. Emily landed on wire netting, 30 feet below. This prevented her death but she suffered severe spinal injuries.Once she had recovered her health, Emily Davison began making plans to commit an act that would give the moment maximum publicity. In June 1913, at the most important race of the year—the Derby, Emily ran out on the course and attempted to grab the bridle of Anmer, a horse owned by King George V. The horse hit Emily and the impact fractured her skull and she died without regaining consciousness.Section Three NewsNews Item 1Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is about a bomb attack in Russia.Ex. B: Listen again and fill in the blanks.Incident: In the Ingush capital of Nazran, a bomber drove a truck loaded with explosives into the gates of local police headquarters when the policemen were standing to attention in the courtyard to receive their orders for the dayImpact: The blast set the building alight destroying much of it and many of the vehicles parked there. It also damages the Kremlin's claims that the Republic's new president is bringing the region under control.The Ingush president’s claim: He said that the West was behind the blast. He said that western powers would never allow Russia to reclaim its status as a world power.Tape script of News Item One:This morning in the Ingush capital of Nazran, local police were standing to attention in the courtyard of their headquarters to receive their orders for the day, when a bomber drove a truck loaded with explosives into the gates of the building.The blast set the building alight destroying much of it and many of the vehicles parked there. Local officials have warned that the number ofdead could still rise as local apartment blocks were also hit and children were amongst the wounded. The bombing is one of the deadliest in months and damages the Kremlin's claims that the Republic's new president is bringing the region under control.The Ingush president Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, who was still convalescing after surviving an assassination attempt in June, spoke about the attack this morning. He pointed the finger at the West saying that it was behind the blast. He said that western powers would never allow Russia to reclaim its status as a world power.News Item 2Ex. A: Listen to the news and complete the summaryThis news item is about Malaysia’s street crime problem.Ex. B: Listen to the news again and answer the questions.1.Malaysia's Prime Minister, Najib Razak, announced ambitious targetslast week to tackle street crime2.He wants a 20% fall by this time next year.3.Retired policemen are being brought back and members of Malaysia'speople's volunteer corps are being enlisted to fight on the frontline.They'll join police on street patrols.4.Of 500 volunteers who were sent for assessment, just 142 were fitenough.5.The rest were too fat, unfit or had poor overall presentation andgrooming.6.Street crime, particularly mugging, is seen as a serious problem inMalaysia's major cities.7.The opposition has called for the country's top policeman to bereplaced because of the failure to tackle the issue.Script of News Item Two:Malaysia's Prime Minister, Najib Razak, announced ambitious targets last week to tackle street crime. He wants a 20% fall by this time next year. Retired policemen are being brought back and members of Malaysia's people's volunteer corps are being enlisted to fight on the frontline. They'll join police on street patrols.The problem is though, most of the first batch were not considered up to it. Of 500 volunteers who were sent for assessment, just 142 were fit enough. The rest were too fat, unfit or had what the head of the corps told an English language newspaper was poor overall presentation and grooming. Corps members wear military uniforms but most of them are unpaid volunteers with limited powers.Street crime, particularly mugging, is seen as a serious problem in Malaysia's major cities.The opposition has called for the country's top policeman to be replaced because of the failureto tackle the issue.News Item 3Ex. A: Listen and summarize the news itemThis news item is about a group of terrorist suspects arrested last week in Sydney and Melbourne who might have intended to attack a nuclear reactor.Ex. B: Listen again and choose the best answer.1. C2. A3. C4. B5. AScript of News Item 3Australian police say a nuclear reactor may have been the intended target of a group of terrorist suspects arrested last week in Sydney and Melbourne. The suspects were among a group of 18 Muslims charged with terrorism-related offences.This is the first official indication as to what the target of this alleged plot might have been. The Lucas Hieghts nuclear facility is on the outskirts of Sydney and is Australia's only reactor. In documents released today the police have said that three of the suspects were stopped and questioned near the plant last December. It's claimed that the defendants have been trying to stockpile large quantities of chemicals. Itis also alleged they attended military style training camps in the Australia outback. Lawyers for the accused have insisted that the case against them was weak and politically motivated.Section FourPart 1 Feature reportScript：Susie Salmon seems like a typical teenager on the brink of a life filled with so many experiences like the blush of first love.But fate has a different plan for her. On the way home from school she takes a short cut through a barley field where she is startled by a neighbor, Mr. Harvey.It will be her last encounter on this Earth. Caught in some in-between place, Susie's spirit watches as her family copes with their loss and her murderer goes on with his life. The title comes from one of her thoughts during this time: "These were the lovely bones that had grown around my absence: the connections - sometimes tenuous, sometimes made at great cost, but often magnificent - that happened after I was gone."Saoirse Ronan stars as Susie Salmon. The Irish actress, now 16 years old,first gained international acclaim for her performance in the 2007 drama Atonement."I have never felt so much responsibility with a character as I have with TheLovely Bones," Ronan says.She explains that not only is her character seen or heard in just about every scene of the film, but also there was the original novel's worldwide legion of fans to consider."More than anything else I was just worried that I wasn't portraying her to her full potential," explains Ronan. "I think it's important for everyone that Susie is the way she should be. Of course, people are going to have different ideas of what she should be like &hellip the readers, really. It was something that was always on my mind."American actor Stanley Tucci co-stars as the murderer: a mundane character almost invisible to his neighbors."The more real he is and the more subtle he is then the more terrifying he is," says Tucci. "The more banal he is, the more terrifying he is. There is no doubt and I'll say without question that it was the most difficultthing I've ever done as an actor."Peter Jackson directs and is also the co-writer of the film script, which he admits is no substitute for the vastly more detailed novel by Alice Seybold."To me, to adapt a book is not a question of producing a carbon copy of the book," he notes. "It is a personal impression that Philippa Boyens, Fran Walsh and myself - the three of us wrote the screenplay. We read the book; we responded to aspects of the book, especially emotional themes and things it had to say about the afterlife &hellip that aspect of it, which is very personal to anybody. That's what we responded to. So to me, no adaptation can ever be perfect. It is impossible. You don't make a movie for the fans of the book. You just can not do that."The Lovely Bones also features Mark Wahlberg and Rachel Weisz as Susie's bereaved parents. Rose McIver is her younger sister, who uncovers the truth about Susie's fate; and Susan Sarandon plays their flamboyant grandmother. The film's Earthly locations were shot in the US state of Pennsylvania; director Jackson used his native New Zealand for the ethereal scenes of the world beyond.Part 2 PassageExercise BDictation1. During his training he became aware that his calling was to convert pagans to Christianity.2. But two years later, Patrick, having adopted that Christian name earlier, was appointed as second bishop to Ireland.3. His mission in Ireland lasted for 30 years. After that time, Patrick retired to County Down.4. He died on March 17 in AD 461. That day has been commemorated as St. Patrick's Day ever since.5. Though originally a Catholic holy day, St. Patrick’s D ay has evolved into more of a secular holiday.Exercise C1.C2.B3.C4.D5.A6.B7.C8.AExercise D1.Though originally a Catholic holy day, St. Patrick's Day has evolvedinto more of a secular holiday. Today, people celebrate the day with parades, wearing of the green, and drinking beer. One reason St.Patrick's Day might have become so popular is that it takes place justa few days before the first day of spring. One might say it has becomethe first green of spring. Open.Script:The person who was to become St. Patrick, the patron saint ofIreland, was born in Wales about AD 385. His given name was Maewyn, and he almost didn't get the job of bishop of Ireland because he lacked the required scholarship.Far from being a saint, until he was 16, he considered himself a pagan. At that age, he was sold into slavery by a group of Irish marauders that raided his village. During his captivity he became a Christian and adopted the name Patrick.He escaped from slavery after six years and went to Gaul where he studied in the monastery under St. Germain, bishop of Auxerre for a period of twelve years. During his training he got the notion that his calling was to convert the pagans to Christianity.His wishes were to return to Ireland, to convert the native pagans to Christianity. But his superiors instead appointed St. Palladius. But two years later, Palladius transferred to Scotland. Patrick was then appointed as second bishop to Ireland.Patrick was quite successful at winning converts. And this fact rightfully upset the Celtic Druids, who had their own native religion. Patrick was arrested several times, but escaped each time. He traveled throughout Ireland, establishing monasteries across the country. He also set up schools and churches which would aid him in his indoctrination of the Irish country into Christianity.His mission in Ireland lasted for thirty years. After that time, Patrickretired to County Down. He died on March 17 in AD 461. That day has been commemorated as St. Patrick's Day ever since.Much Irish folklore surrounds St. Patrick's Day. Not much of it is actually substantiated. Some of this lore includes the belief that Patrick raised people from the dead. He also is said to have given a sermon from a hilltop that drove all the snakes from Ireland. Of course, no snakes were ever native to Ireland, and some people think this is a metaphor for the conversion of the pagans. Though originally a Catholic holy day, St. Patrick's Day has evolved into more of a secular holiday.One traditional icon of the day is the shamrock. And this stems from a more bona fide Irish tale that tells how Patrick used the three-leafed shamrock to explain the Trinity. He used it in his sermons to represent how the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit could all exist as separate elements of the same entity. His followers adopted the custom of wearing a shamrock on his feast day.The St. Patrick's Day custom came to America in 1737. That was the first year St. Patrick's Day was publicly celebrated in this country, in Boston.Today, people celebrate the day with parades, wearing of the green, and drinking beer. One reason St. Patrick's Day might have become so popular is that it takes place just a few days before the first day of spring. One might say it has become the first green of spring.。