美国文学-Hawthorne

point of view aesthetic ideas
(2) He was convinced that romance was the best form to describe America.
the poverty of materials
allow him to avoid offending the Puritan taste
point of view aesthetic ideas
(1)

He took a great interest in history and antiquity. To him these furnish the soil on which his mind grows to fruition (fulfill). Trying “to connect a bygone time with the very Present”, he makes the dream strange things look like truth.
Hawthorne
Evil exists in the human heart, human heart is rejects the the source of evil. Transcendentalist Everyone possesses some optimism evil secret. Evil is man’s birthmark.
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)

Novelist Short Story Writer Central Figure of American Renaissance

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❖ 1. Alienation - a character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.
❖ 2. Initiation - involves the attempts of an alienated character to get rid of his isolated condition.
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Major Themes in Hawthorne's Fiction -II
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❖ 5. Puritan New England - used as a background and setting in many tales.
❖ 6. Italian background - especially in The Marble Faun.
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❖ 3. Hawthorne's use of psychological analysis (pre-Freudian) is of interest today.
❖ 4. In themes and style, Hawthorne's writings look ahead to Henry James, William Faulkner, and Robert Penn Warren.
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❖ 7. Allegory - Hawthorne's writing is allegorical, didactic and moralistic.

•1
Early life influences on Hawthorne
• Salem - early childhood, later work at the Custom House.
• Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hathorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692.
• They were so called because they wished to purify the forms and rituals of the Church.
• Though it was pilgrims that first came to New England, yet Puritanism soon became the dominant faith with its rather gloomy outlook on life.
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➢Major works
• 1837-1842: Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 • 1846: Mosses from an Old Manse 《古宅青苔》 • 1850: The Scarlet Letter《红字》 • 1851: The House of the Seven Gables 《带七个尖角阁的房子》 • 1852: The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》
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➢Writing Styles
1. Dark Romanticism 2. Symbolism 3. Psycho-analysis 4. Ambiguity 5. Allegory(寓言) 6. Visual Description（视觉描写）

3. Psycho-analysis
◇ Psychological truth was more important than actual truth. ◇ Explored the complexity of human psychology through the characters’ inner struggle
3. Human Isolation（人之孤独）
◇ Human beings are born to be lonely.They defend their pride and selfishness for different reasons. A character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.
2.Morality and Sin（道德
& 罪恶）
◇ Man will get punished one way or another for his sin but can also be saved by his gooddeeds and self- improvement. ◇ One has to work and strive against temptation in order to win salvation(拯救). There could be no magic carriage which would enable one to reach heaven without toil or trouble.
Major works
• 1837-1842: Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 • 1846: Mosses from an Old Manse 《古宅青苔》 • 1850: The Scarlet Letter《红字》 • 1851: The House of the Seven Gables 《带七个尖角阁的房子》 • 1852: The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》