不定式用法1
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动词不定式作为主语宾语和表语的句型动词不定式作为主语、宾语和表语的句型动词不定式在句子中可以充当主语、宾语和表语,起到了连接句子成分的作用。
本文将分别从这三个方面来讨论动词不定式的用法。
一、动词不定式作为主语1. 动词不定式作为主语常放在句首,它的主要功能是表达动作、状态或目的。
例句1:To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in life.翻译:爱与被爱是人生最大的幸福。
例句2:To learn a foreign language requires patience and perseverance.翻译:学习一门外语需要耐心和毅力。
二、动词不定式作为宾语1. 有些动词后面需要接动词不定式作为宾语,表示动作的意愿、决心、许可、能力等。
例句1:He wants to visit his grandparents this weekend.翻译:他想要在这个周末拜访他的祖父母。
例句2:They can't afford to buy a new car.翻译:他们买不起一辆新车。
2. 有些动词后面只能接动词不定式作为宾语,不能接动名词。
例句1:She decided to study abroad after graduation.翻译:她决定毕业后去国外留学。
例句2:I promised to help him with his homework.翻译:我答应帮他做作业。
三、动词不定式作为表语1. 动词不定式作为表语和系动词连用,表达主语的状态、特点或能力等。
例句1:Her dream is to become a famous singer.翻译:她的梦想是成为一名著名的歌手。
例句2:My goal is to learn Spanish fluently.翻译:我的目标是流利地学习西班牙语。
2. 有些系动词后面只能接动词不定式作为表语,不能接形容词。
动词不定式用法专讲(一)1.不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,通常前面带有小品词to,有时也可不带to,它可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语:2.They will set up more evening schools next year. 他们明年要办更多的夜校。
We mustn't fall behind the others. 我们一定不要落在别人后面。
也可以作主语(a)、宾语(b)、表语(c)、定语(d)或是状语(e):a.To scold her would not be just. 责备她是不公平的。
b.We are planning to build a reservoir here. 我们计划在这里修一座水库。
C.One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture. 我们当前的主要任务之一是实现农业机械化。
d.Do you have anything to declare? 你有什么要申报吗?e. We have come to learn from you. 我们是来向你们学习的。
有时它还可以构成复合结构(类似汉语语法中的主谓结构),作复合宾语等:He wants all of us to make rapid progress. 他希望我们大家都迅速进步。
不定式在句子里虽能担任种种成分,但它毕竟是一个动词,因此具有动词的许多特点。
它可以有自己的宾语(a)或状语(b),来和它构成不定式短语:a.Would you like to tell me how you overcame the difficulties? 你可不可以告诉我你们怎样克服困难的?b.I prefer to go there by bike. 我宁愿骑车去。
还有下面种种形式:主动形式被动形式一般式 to do; to be done;完成式 to have done; to have been done;进行式 to be doing; ________完成进行式 to have been doing; _________另外,不定式虽然在语法上不能有主语,但由于表示的是动作,在意思上是可以有主语的,这个主语可以称为逻辑上的主语(the Logical Subject),以区别于语法上的主语。
高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。
在作用方面主要考查作定语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词;作宾语时用不定式还是动名词;在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词等。
一、考点1 动词不定式(2020·全国II 卷)They are easy (care) for and make great presents.【答案】to care【解析】sth. is easy to do ,表示某事容易……,且此处为动词不定式表示被动,故填to care 。
【点拨】(一)不定式的用法1.作主语(1)不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it 作形式主语。
It is right to giveup smoking.戒烟是正确的。
(2)在“It is/was+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中,若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征,则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of ,此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish 等词,且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系;若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点,则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for 。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
2.作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:(2)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe 后,常用it 作形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
3.作表语不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。
My dream is to enter Peking University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。
动词不定式用法动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形,但to有时要省去。
而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。
现就以下几方面介绍如下。
一、不定式结构1. 带to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。
如:I want to go to the movies with you.我想跟你一起去看电影。
Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
注意:动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。
如:Dave told me not to wake up Kate.大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。
2. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:(1)在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
如:You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。
It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
(2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn’t see you come in.我没看见你进来。
(3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。
动词不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理(1)定义:动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
结构:“to +动词原形”,即“to do”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
否定形式为:not / never + to do句法功能:用作主语○1多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。
. To learn English well is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English well.1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.○2动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
To see is to believe.(眼见为实;百闻不如一见)【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。
.○3疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。
How to learn English well is important.补充:用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。
如:It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the workIt+be+形容词+for sb+to do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”,the teacher says. 注意:在③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词,强调对人的评价。
动词不定式6种用法
动词不定式6种用法:
1、不定式的一般式:动词不定式一般式即to+动词原形。
所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,不定时一般式与句子主语、宾语或for sb to do sth。
结构中的介词宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
2、不定式的完成式:即to have+过去分词。
动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语或宾语。
3、不定式的进行式:to be+现在分词。
动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
4、不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成。
5、不定式的被动式:当不定时的被动式逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,用不定时的被动形式,即to be done或to have been done。
6、to代替整个不定式:如果句子前面出现过同样的动词,为避免重复,句子后边的不定式应省略动词原形及其后续部分,只保留不定式的符号to。
动词不定式的用法总结
1.作为句子的主语:
Ex: To study English is important for success.
2.作为句子的宾语:
Ex: I want to learn how to play the guitar.
3.作为动词的宾语补语:
Ex: She found it difficult to understand the instructions.
4.与一些动词连用,构成特定的动词短语:
Ex: I need to go to the store.
He wants to buy a car.
5.作为目的状语,表示动作的目的或意图:
Ex: He went to the library to study.
6.作为结果状语,表示结果或后果:
Ex: She studied hard to pass the exam.
7.作为方式状语,表示动作的方式或方法:
Ex: He walked slowly to avoid falling.
8.与形容词连用,表示主语的特征或状态:
Ex: She is happy to see her friends.
9.与副词连用,表示副词的程度或程度的变化:
Ex: He tried to be more careful.。
高中英语语法讲义:不定式作定语和状语用法归纳不定式是非谓语动词常见的一种形式,它具有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语或宾语;具有形容词的特征,在句子中可以作表语、定语或补足语;具有副词的特征,在句子中可以作状语。
一下主要讲述其作定语和状语的用法。
一、不定式作定语1. 被修饰的名词或词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
如:There was really nothing to fear. 没有什么值得担心的。
He gave me an interesting book to read. 他给了我一本有趣的书来读。
【注意】如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。
如:Mary needs a friend to play with. 玛丽需要一个和她玩的朋友。
They have a strict teacher to listen to. 他们有一个他们得言听计从的严格的老师。
2. 被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语。
如:Have you got a key to unlock door?你有钥匙打开门吗?The action to be taken is correct. 要采取的行动是正确的。
There is nothing to be gained by pretending. 通过假装是得不到好处的。
3. 被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。
这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词,如ability,effort,attempt,hobby,wish 等。
如:Neither of them had any hobby to do business with Mary. 他们都没有兴趣和玛丽做生意。
I have no wish to quarrel with you. 我不想和你吵架。
4. 动词不定式作定语,有时用主动式表示被动的意义。
如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,还要与相应的介词连用。
不定式练习
1. Tell him ______ the light.
A. to turn
B. not to turn on
C. to not turn
D. not to turn
2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.
A. prepare
B. preparing
C. to prepare
D. to be prepared
3. We felt the earth _______.
A. move
B. moveing
C. to move
D. be moved
4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.
A. read
B. reading
C. to read
D. to be read
5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable.
A. to sit
B. to sit on
C. sitting
D. sit
6. Nobody knows __________next.
A. what to do
B. to do what
C. which to do
D. how to do
7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.
A. to, to remember
B. for, to remember
C. for, remember
D. for, remembering
8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice.
A. For speaking
B. Speaking
C. To speak
D. Speak
9. I'm going to the library ______ the books.
A. return
B. borrow
C. to return
D. to lend
10. We went to town _________ some shopping.
A. doing
B. did
C. to make
D. to do
11. The funny story _______ me laugh. A. make B. making C. to make D. made
12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.
A. stop to have a rest
B. to stop having a rest
C. to stop to have a rest
D. stopping to have a rest
13. It is very kind ___ you to help me with my housework. It is hard __me to do all the work.
A. of, for
B. for, of
C. of, to
D. to, for
14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English.
A. to say
B. to learn
C. speak
D. for speaking
15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again.
A. listen to; to read
B. to hear; say
C. to listen to; speak
D. to listen to; pronounce
16.Remember ______ the book here tomorrow.
A. bring
B. to bring
C. take
D. to take
17. ---Let's have a rest, shall we?
--- Not now. I don't want to stop _______ the letter yet.
A. write
B. to write
C. writing
D. and write
18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me _______, Wang Lin?
--- Sure.
A. what to work it out
B. what to work out it
C. how to work it out
D. how to work out it
19.--- How can I improve my spoken English?
--- You have to practise ______ as much as you can.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
20. --- How about going hiking this weekend?
--- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.
A. to stay at home, go out
B. to go out, stay at home
C. staying at home, go out
D. going out, stay at home。